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The aim of the study is to explore the underlying repressive Marxist ideologies such as socioeconomic conditions, class system, class struggle, consumerism and commodification in the movie. Drawing on superstructure model, the study also aims to explore the ways in which historical and material circumstances and their relationship manifest in the movie, how it perpetuates capitalist tendencies in society, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying power dynamics and exploitation present in society from a Marxist perspective. The researcher adopted the exploratory re-search framework. The study utilized a qualitative research approach by applying Marxist theory for content analysis on an animated movie "The Jungle Book" as a sample. The sample was determined through typical and critical case sampling methods from animated movies of the world that has basic elements of Marxism. The findings of the study reveal that there are implicit Marxist tendencies present in the movie that conform to the superstructure model of the world. The major characters of the movie strive for economic prosperity and have convenient interactions with one another, which lead to capitalistic attitude, imperialistic dominance, class struggle resulting in consumer culture and commodified relationships. The summative discussions within the light of the findings acquired in this study imply that Marxist elements have been deeply portrayed in the movie and serve as a platform to unveil socioeconomic battles within an animated world through a Marxist lens, exposing the underlying power dynamics, exploitation, and capitalist tendencies present in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Buddhism became deeply embedded in an array of social and political debates taking place across India. The unique history of Buddhism in India and of its spread across Asia offered a model of ideological and cultural emancipation that was used not only to challenge colonial rule but also to further numerous anti-caste movements against existing Brahmanical institutions and practices. While the history of anti-caste and Dalit engagements with Buddhism has largely been studied through a discussion of the Indian constitutionalist B. R. Ambedkar's conversion to Buddhism along with some half million of his followers in 1956, this article addresses the ways in which Buddhism came to be simultaneously seen as a "Hindu sect" and central to Hindu nationalist projects. It does so through a detailed analysis of the planning and construction of several "Hindu-Buddhist" temples constructed in the 1930s by the Birla family that sought to construct a vision of India as a Hindu nation. A close examination of these sites reveals the wider dynamics underlining the transformation of modern Buddhism in India and, by extension, modern Hinduism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the thought of philosopher, historian, and activist Sharad Patil, particularly the way he constructs theoretical arguments by drawing on, expanding, and critiquing the insights of his predecessors in radical anti-caste thought, Jotirao Phule and B. R. Ambedkar. Patil advances a particular reading of Phule-Ambedkarism to sharpen his critique of orthodox Marxism and develop a philosophy that could undergird revolutionary egalitarian change in India. The article focuses on two key theoretical insights elaborated by Patil and his reading of Phule-Ambedkarism: one historical, centering on the methodological and ideological importance of rewriting longue durée history; the other political-economic, centering on the way that circuits of exploitation and rule get reproduced. The article attempts to read Patil according to his own methodological and analytic criteria. Patil had little interest in purity of theory or in defending the boundaries of the one true Marxism or Phule-Ambedkarism. Even while critiquing Phule and Ambedkar, Patil insistently asked (as this article too asks): what did their philosophies of history, of knowledge, and of political economy enable them to understand about the past, present, and future of egalitarian struggle in India and beyond? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Direito da Cidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trabalho & Educação is the property of Work & Education of the Graduate Program, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socialinė Teorija, Empirija, Politika ir Praktika (STEPP) is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is based on statistical data on the history of studying the formation of strata of the Uzbek society in the late of XIX th and early XX th centuries. In preparing the article authors analyzed the unknown funds of the National Archives of Uzbekistan, previously unexplored works of Russian and foreign authors researchers. Also, this article analyzes the current state of entrepreneurs in present-day Uzbekistan, considers their activities and development prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we look at some of the most influential theories of class, which try to explain class inequality in west and east European societies. Social stratification is considered as a system of social inequality, social differentiation, based on differences in the occupied position and functions performed. Social inequality is the basis of stratification of society and is perceived as its main feature. The theory of social stratification reveals the essence of social inequality in such factors as social status, social role and prestige of functionally describing the social structure.

This study aims to describe the curriculum and learning of Sustainable Completed Classroom System Policy (SKTB) in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. This research used a qualitative approach that emphasis on a detailed and in depth study, seeking data collection, search and discovery of meaning. Emphasizing more on the process than on the results and using the logic of thinking inductively, the reason is that the approach can be used to understand the symptoms as a whole, deeply, and what they are and in accordance with the thinking of the people in them. Data collection techniques include interview, observation and documentation. Data analysis using analysis techniques from Miles and Huberman includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that Sustainable Completed Class System in the implementation approach curriculum KTSP and Curriculum 2013, through a planning process syllabus, lesson plans, learning, assessment and follow up required school environment. In the implementation of instructional learning adapted to the context. Implementation of this policy develops a curriculum that is at the level of junior high school, the burden of learning with SKS. Thus the SKS learning burden for junior high schools can be determined that each learning load is in semester credit units, one credit load includes one hour face-to-face learning, one hour structured assignment and one hour of independent or unstructured activities. Learning load that must be taken by students is at least 102 credits and a maximum of 114 credits during the six semester learning period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the less examined facts in the history of Virginia colony is that Edward Maria Wingfield detested John Smith. It mentions Wingfield's haughtiness and Smith's insubordination indicate that the colonists had transported a class society based on interlocking degrees of wealth, status, and power to the Chesapeake. It also mentions that Wingfield was borrowing in order to finance his brother's military career is one indication of the financial stresses he was under.

What place does the caste system have in modern India with its globally integrating market economy? The most influential anthropological approaches to caste have tended to emphasize caste as India's traditional religious and ritual order, or (treating such order as a product of the colonial encounter) as shaped politically, especially today by the dynamics of caste-based electoral politics. Less attention has been paid to caste effects in the economy. This article argues that the scholarly framing of caste mirrors a public-policy 'enclosure' of caste in the non-modern realm of religion and 'caste politics', while aligning modernity to the caste-erasing market economy. Village-level fieldwork in South India finds a parallel public narrative of caste either as ritual rank eroded by market relations or as identity politics deflected from everyday economic life. But, locally and nationally, the effects of caste are found to be pervasive in labour markets and the business economy. In the age of the market, caste is a resource, sometimes in the form of a network, its opportunity-hoarding advantages discriminating against others. Dalits are not discriminated by caste as a set of relations separate from economy, but by the very economic and market processes through which they often seek liberation. The caste processes, enclosures, and evasions in post-liberalization India suggest the need to rethink the modernity of caste beyond orientalist and post-colonial frameworks, and consider the presuppositions that shape understanding of an institution, the nature and experience of which are determined by the inequalities and subject positions it produces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural worlds of the Longbard “Mezzogiorno” between VIII and XI centuries, represent an interesting historiographic laboratory where verify changes and transformations. From the second half of the tenth century to middle eleventh century, village communities, characterized by articulated social stratifications, developed in Southern Italy, building collective identities, increasingly aware of the need for a minimal political organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internment in camps for enemy aliens during the First World War might have led to a commonality of experience given that all civilian prisoners of war (POWs) were theoretically enduring the same material conditions. However, the privileges associated with social rank and with wealth led to profoundly different bodily regimes within these camps. The British class system was in fact perpetuated within the civilian internment camps established in the United Kingdom and among British subjects interned by the enemy, particularly in relation to the consumption of additional and superior food and drink that arrived in parcels from home and was provided at camp facilities for the privileged. These class distinctions had tangible material consequences for the interned, as not all bodies were equally subjected to the privations of the camp regime. That some POWs had access to more and better food throughout much of the First World War underscores the British state's lack of commitment to the ideal of equality of bodily sacrifice. Instead the British government was complicit in perpetuating class inequalities both among its own subjects and those it had interned, even during a moment of international crisis when the social order was clearly being upended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being sidelined, Michel Clouscard was a prolific writer and taught sociology at the Université de Poitiers from 1975 to 1990. Clouscard focused on describing the peculiar discourse of emancipation that resulted from the marriage of psychoanalysis and Marxism, which was then termed Freudo-Marxism, and was gaining currency in the aftermath of May '68. For Clouscard, the emancipation of desire and productivity upheld by the Freudo-Marxists went hand-in-hand with the emergence of new markets and techno-structures which defined the development of social democracy in France. Two of his works, The Treatise of Mad Love and the Capitalism of Seduction are telling us the story of the birth of class society at the very dawn of Middle Age and his postmodern transformation. The first work is an interpretation of Tristan and Iseul myth. The second describe how the capitalism gave birth to a new category with veritable ferocity: parasitic non-productive jobs (a large category extending from the false artists of "modern art" to the intellectual sell-outs to the system, passing through publicists and other dealers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses tension between a governmental commitment to eliminating forms of inequality in Indian political system. It explains how the upper caste subject remained the ideal citizen defined by individual merit for the judiciary. It examines the interplay between upper and lower caste claims, and between caste marking and unmarking, through a historical anthropology of Indian engineering education.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article argues for a broad concept of culture. The educational expansion in recent decades has created new class antagonisms by putting participating in society on a level with cultural participation. Given this 'culturalisation' of politics, it is important that cultural policies reinforce their sociopolitical dimension to build new alliances, particularly with regard to education and training policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Steinheil Affair, a sex scandal in Paris, France in early 20th century, to examine the dangers and limitations of friendship. It explores the benefit of studying friendship to historians, the critical role of friendship in revealing the affair and true identity of society hostess Mme Steinheil, the involvement of Steinheil's powerful friends in the scandal, and the class status as a basis for friendship as highlighted by the scandal.

This article explores affective formations of class consciousness. Through autoethnography and conversations and discussion sessions with working class women, the article contributes to a sociology of social class that recognises how people come to know their class positioning in spaces outside of waged relations. The article argues that affective relations and affective inequalities inform women's experiences and consciousness of inequality generated by the class system. Their consciousness of the class system is narrated through their care relational identities, discontent with affective inequalities generated by the class system and their attitudes and actions for social change. This implies an affective formation of class consciousness referred to as care consciousness. Care consciousness takes seriously what is refused legitimacy at a sociological and political level yet articulated privately by the women as they discuss experiences of the class system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human rights-based approach to development cooperation has found recent support from both development cooperation actors and non-governmental organisations active in developing countries. We set out to define this approach, how it is applied, and to identify its central agents and principal components. Through examples we show how the approach works in practice, and we identify and discuss three human rights principles that play particularly important roles in its implementation: (i) participation and inclusion, (ii) non-discrimination and equality, and (iii) accountability. We show that in terms of implementation, the approach is related to the processes of empowerment, forms of advocacy, and the use of legal instruments in defence of groups of people who are poor, discriminated against or marginalised. We conclude that a human rights-based approach provides new avenues for providing help to vulnerable groups, but at the same time a poverty-oriented approach must continue to play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an attempt was made to study the socio-economic status of the workers engaged in organic farming. The various healthy practices under organic farming like compost production, use of bio-pesticides, crop rotations, etc. increases soil health and quality of the food. The organic practices including Homa bhasm, Agnihotra and Biodynamic farming besides promoting healthy agriculture are expected to have seeming effects on behavioral aspects of the farm workers. However, apparently systemic information on social attributes of organic farm is still limited. The socio- economic aspects of an organic farm CSKHPKV, Palampur were documented through structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the use of indices, ratios and percentages. The various aspects as family structure and size, age distribution, caste structure, literacy level, occupational pattern, economic status behavioral aspects were evaluated. The skilled workers had nuclear family while unskilled workers had joint families, larger portion of workers in the organic farm belonged to younger age group (31 years), literacy index was high (4.32) in case of skilled workers while low (3.23) for unskilled workers. It was observed that in case of skilled workers majority of individuals were positively affected through increased farming knowledge, better wage rate, improved ethical and spiritual thinking while in case of unskilled workers no obvious positive reaction was observed for farming knowledge and wage rate though there was perceptible change in punctuality and spiritual thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a bio-psycho-social being "within the mystery and revelation", as Lucian Blaga claimed, the man enters a multitude of relations diminishing implacably his solidarity. He occupies a position identifying him with the society itself, defines him in his relations with the others, but also in his own relation with the society as an individual. Objectively speaking, the relation between society and individual becomes a phenomenon within the status. Within the societal reality, the statuses group depending on different degrees of cohesion, arising groups (categories) of human individuals bearing similarities. The present study represents an extension of the idea of status as Bryan S. Turner explains, as well as the essential differences between the consensual perspective and the conflictual one in approaching the concept of status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Capitalism as a mode of production and a form of social organization differs from all hitherto existing society in that it does not rely on the preservation of traditional hierarchies or on direct coercion to secure its reproduction. Capitalist society coheres on the basis of exchange which establishes a network of interdependent relations between individuals. Drawing on the work of Alfred Sohn-Rethel, this article engages with the apparent paradox of how the reproduction of class society takes the form of spontaneous exchange transactions between autonomous individuals. The article explores the argument that the conceptual basis of cognition is historically and socially conditioned, and highlights the unique identity between the structure of exchange and the conceptual mode of thinking. Finally, the article demonstrates how the hidden character of social domination and ‘the secret identity’ of commodity form and thought form serve to systematically obscure the true origins and nature of fundamental social problems. The case in point is the popular topic of rising inequality in the United States, a direct outcome of the reproduction of class relations, the underlying cause of which – the deepening division of intellectual and manual labor – is either conveniently ignored or, worse still, glorified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Inheritance of Loss is about class discrimination. Biju immigrates to America. He suffers a lot in that country. Americans show their class discrimination in it. This novel articulates Indian class system clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung (ZQF) is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The political and social radicalism of King Lear appears in how Shakespeare transforms the Paphlegonian episode of the Arcadia. This essay builds on the work of Richard Strier and Linda Woodbridge to consider that transformation. While retaining the most memorable features of the episode for the Gloucester subplot--the blinded father, the good and bad sons--he reshapes plot and character in two ways. On the one hand he takes those certainties that Sidney's narrative endorses and subjects them to unresolved questioning. On the other, he greatly extends the political radicalism of the Arcadia, in which responsible noblemen unseat tyrannical princes. In Lear, the Jacobean social order undergoes scrutiny: a servant is justified in killing his master and, where the Arcadia's narrator treats with contempt the commoners who assault Basilius' retreat, the mad king dismisses the class system itself: "a dog's obeyed in office". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ars is the property of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Art History of SAS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)