124 results on '"CIVIL defense readiness"'
Search Results
2. The right planning now will save countless lives after a nuclear attack.
- Author
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Hanfling, Dan, Burkle, Frederick M., and Dallas, Cham
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL defense readiness , *NUCLEAR weapons , *CIVIL defense , *HEALTH planning - Abstract
The public perception that there is no hope for surviving a nuclear attack has been an impediment to planning for the aftermath of such disasters. The perception is unjustified, but it shows how important good communication, collaboration, and coordination will be in responding to and recovering from nuclear attack. Properly planning for nuclear disaster requires authorities to follow four distinct steps: They must recognize that they have a moral duty to plan, close the existing medical-planning gaps we know about, communicate clearly to the public, and cooperate in international response. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Reading the room
- Author
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O'Reilly, Denis
- Published
- 2023
4. Cyclone Gabrielle : preparing for the next disastrous event
- Author
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Morton, Sam
- Published
- 2023
5. Battle Rhythm in Emergency Management
- Author
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Wilson, Fred
- Published
- 2010
6. Poland's defense preparations in the context of allied obligations Legal, institutional, and instrumental aspects.
- Author
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Kuliczkowski, Marian
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,CIVIL defense readiness ,INTERNATIONAL obligations - Abstract
Copyright of Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces is the property of Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The "Last of the Ordinary Sundays": How to Prepare for the Air War.
- Author
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Mair, Kimberly
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL defense readiness , *AIR warfare , *WORLD War II , *HOUSEHOLDS , *COMMANDS (Logic) , *LEAFLETS dropped from aircraft , *CIVILIAN evacuation - Abstract
How did instructions for war preparations change the contours of the household in Britain during the Second World War? How were readers of instructional leaflets positioned in relation to the presumed safety of the household and the nation? To illustrate the range of imperative instructions that circulated before and during the war, as well as anxious air war anticipation, this piece draws from home front imperatives communicated through a variety of sources, including pre‐war and wartime instructional leaflets, posters, and other literature to demonstrate their reach into the most minute aspects of everyday life to establish a productive link between habit and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Making China’s nuclear war plan.
- Author
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Lewis, John W. and Litai, Xue
- Subjects
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MILITARY policy , *COMMUNISM & nuclear warfare , *NUCLEAR weapons , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
For the last decade of Mao Zedong’s rule in China, his revolutionary thinking dominated all strategic planning and operations and directly shaped the policies of the strategic rocket forces, the Second Artillery. Only in the mid-1980s did Mao’s legacy give way to concepts governing nuclear forces throughout the world and permit the development of China’s first nuclear strategy and acceptance of the principles of nuclear deterrence. Step by step, the ever-more complex command-and-control mechanisms of the People’s Liberation Army adopted and refined new roles for its nuclear and conventional missiles to support peacetime diplomacy, to manage military crises, and to pursue combat readiness. The authors examine the evolution of China’s overall defense strategy, with a focus on central elements of today’s nuclear war plan and how they are operationalized. They seek to answer this question: How did conventional missiles change nuclear strategy, the organization of the combined conventional-nuclear missile forces for both deterrence and combat, and the relationship of the Second Artillery to the other military commands? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2012
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9. TO THE RESCUE.
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EMERGENCY management ,CHILDREN ,CIVIL defense readiness ,LIFE skills education ,SURVIVAL - Abstract
The article focuses on stories of young individuals who responded effectively in emergency situations, highlighting how their preparedness and quick thinking made a difference. It discusses instances where children knew what to do during crises, such as a fire, choking incident, and a near-drowning, emphasizing the importance of teaching life skills and emergency response techniques to young people.
- Published
- 2023
10. Defense Primer: Defense Support of Civil Authorities.
- Author
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Kapp, Lawrence
- Subjects
DISASTER relief ,EMERGENCY management ,CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
The article presents a report from the Congressional Research Service on Defense Support of Civil Authorities. It highlights that Defense support of civil authorities in response to disasters is typically carried out in accordance with the National Response Framework (NRF), which is a structure of preparedness that guides the nation in responding to domestic disasters and emergencies.
- Published
- 2022
11. Pre-Disaster Established Trust and Relationships: Two Major Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Implementing the ICS.
- Author
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Chang, Ray and Trainor, Joseph
- Subjects
- *
INCIDENT command systems , *EMERGENCY management , *PUBLIC safety , *CRISIS management , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
Since the establishment of the Incident Command System (ICS), many discussions have centered on its design, using the failure or success of disaster response to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. However, even prior to implementation, there are certain pre-conditions that must be first satisfied by responders. Two major factors underlying these pre-conditions, that strongly influence the eventual design and consequent functioning of the ICS, are pre-disaster established trust and relationships. This research utilizes qualitative methods to explore the importance of pre-disaster established trust and relationships in the implementation of the ICS. Twenty-eight in-depth qualitative interviews were completed and analyzed. From looking at how ICS users make a variety of different decisions regarding the establishment of the incident command, the setting up of overall response goals and objectives, the implementation of the Incident Action Plan, the selection of new ICS leaders, and the working arrangements made with volunteers, it can be observed that relationship and trust are two very important factors that dictate the successful implementation of the ICS. Based on this analysis, three conclusions could be drawn in this research: (1) any thorough evaluation of the ICS should also include an analysis of any existing pre-conditions, (2) future ICS training should cover strategies to build relationships and trust between response organizations, and (3) additional research should be conducted to understand other factors that influence the implementation of the ICS at scene of disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Household Disaster Preparedness in New York City before Superstorm Sandy: Findings and Recommendations.
- Author
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Martins, V. Nuno, Louis-Charles, Hans M., Nigg, Joanne, Kendra, James, and Sisco, Sarah
- Subjects
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EMERGENCY management , *HURRICANE Sandy, 2012 , *HURRICANES , *PUBLIC safety , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
This study focuses on household disaster preparedness in New York City (NYC) prior to Superstorm Sandy occurrence on October 25, 2012. The purpose of our analysis is to explain the level and patterns of disaster preparedness before a relatively rare natural disaster event occurred and to investigate the factors that influenced the capacity of NYC households to prepare for emergencies and disasters. A random telephone (RDD) survey comprised of 2001 NYC residents across all five boroughs was conducted by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and completed before Sandy struck the City. These data were explored using frequencies, cross-tabs, and factor analysis to build a path model of household disaster preparedness. Findings indicate that household disaster preparedness levels in NYC are high, especially regarding the acquisition of emergency supplies and communication resources. A trust in local government and assistance from one's social network are the strongest predictors of general household preparedness. Exogenous variables in our model – low income households and those with functional and access needs residents – will be more vulnerable during an actual disaster since they are less able to access communication technologies to search for self-protective disaster information and to communicate their needs during an emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Do you have a Plan B?
- Author
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Dahlberg, Rasmus
- Subjects
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CIVIL defense readiness , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *EMERGENCY management , *NATURAL disasters - Abstract
This study explores adaptive capacities in infrastructure preparedness planning from a resilience approach using the bridge between Denmark and Sweden as a case. First, a theoretical framework anchors adaptive capacity in a more general resilience discourse focusing on flexibility and adaptive capacity with emphasis on citizens' ability to interpret information and adjust their behaviour without prior planning and training or instructions. Then, findings from a small qualitative study (n = 45) of the perception of commuters and travellers of the responsibilities and contingencies involved in potential long‐term disruptions of the Øresund Bridge are discussed. The most important suggested recommendation for authorities and infrastructure owners is simply to remind users that an infrastructure is not a given—in other words, to ask travellers whether “they have a Plan B,” thereby prompting citizens to contemplate their dependency on infrastructure and prepare for a disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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14. Location-assistant content distribution scheme for emergency rescue.
- Author
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Guomin Zhang, Lihua Song, Haitao Wang, Chao Hu, and Na Wang
- Subjects
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EMERGENCY management , *CIVIL defense readiness , *DISASTER relief , *RESCUE work , *ROUTING algorithms - Abstract
In order to optimize the timeliness and pertinence of message delivery in emergency rescue scenarios and improve the service performance of emergency communications network, we propose a location-assistant content distribution scheme based on delay tolerant network. First of all, considering that the movement patterns of rescue teams tend to follow a predetermined course of action, we design a location-based group mobility model. Due to the intermittent network connectivity and variety of emergency service, a content-classification-based publish/subscribe architecture and a GenericSpray routing algorithm based on the prediction of overlap opportunity in spatio-temporal positions are proposed. Furthermore, we also give a cache management strategy based on the content significance. Since locationassistant content distribution scheme can predict the overlap of activity between rescue teams through the course of action, not only can the number of copy forwarding and message delivery delays be significantly reduced but also the priority delivery of important messages can be ensured by message classification. Simulation experiments show that compared with the traditional delay tolerant network routing algorithm and the classic first-in-first-out caching strategy, location-assistant content distribution scheme improves the performance of message delivery rate, transmission delay, and control overhead significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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15. IORA and disaster risk management: fostering collaboration with existing international bodies.
- Author
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Swanepoel, Ernesta
- Subjects
- *
EMERGENCY management , *CIVIL defense readiness - Published
- 2018
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16. Bridging the divide between studies on disaster risk reduction education and child-centred disaster risk reduction: a critical review.
- Author
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Amri, Avianto, Haynes, Katharine, Bird, Deanne K., and Ronan, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
EMERGENCY management , *DISASTERS , *PUBLIC safety , *CIVIL defense readiness , *DISASTER relief , *MANAGEMENT - Abstract
There has been a recent increase in the body of knowledge related to children and disasters. These studies converge into three main fields of research: the impact of disasters on children and their psychological recovery, the integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) into the education sectors and children’s participation in DRR. This article provides a literature review of the two latter fields of research where the focus is on reducing disaster losses and building resilience prior to a disaster. Overall, 48 studies are critically reviewed and compared in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of their aims, methods, locations of research, impact, and outcomes. The review identified a number of differences between the two fields and significant opportunities for linking the two approaches, sharing lessons and knowledge. Based on the review, recommendations for further research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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17. Fourteen Actions and Six Proposals for Science and Technology-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia.
- Author
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Peijun Shi, Shaw, Rajib, Ardalan, Ali, Ying Yang Chan, Emily, Choudhury, Jamilur Reza, Peng Cui, Bojie Fu, Guoyi Han, Qunli Han, Takako Izumi, Fumiko Kasuga, Yulo Loyzaga, Antonia, Pereira, Joy Jacqueline, Ravan, Shirish Kumar, Sanderson, David, Sharma, Vinod Kumar, Thomalla, Frank, Sugeng Triutomo, Siquan Yang, and Qian Ye
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,HAZARD mitigation ,NATURAL disasters ,CIVIL defense readiness ,PUBLIC safety - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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18. Influences of Risk Perception and Sense of Place on Landslide Disaster Preparedness in Southwestern China.
- Author
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Dingde Xu, Li Peng, Shaoquan Liu, and Xuxi Wang
- Subjects
PREPAREDNESS ,HAZARD mitigation ,EMERGENCY management ,CIVIL defense readiness ,NATURAL disasters - Abstract
The effects of risk perception and sense of place on disaster preparedness have been widely reported. However, most studies have only demonstrated weak relationships and it is unknown whether these are applicable to China. This study investigated such relationships in hazard-threatened areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in southwestern China. Data were collected from 348 farming households in landslide-prone areas. Binary logistic and Tobit regression models were constructed to determine whether risk perception and sense of place influence landslide preparedness. The results show that: (1) Farming households' awareness of the need to prepare for disasters was relatively low, and disaster preparedness behaviors were mainly based on self-learning. Among the 348 sampled households, 67% exhibited no disaster preparedness behavior, and only 2% adopted four of the five types of disaster preparedness behaviors. About a quarter of farming households consciously learned disaster-related knowledge. (2) Risk perception and sense of place had important influences on disaster preparedness. Respondents who received higher scores on the perception of the probability of a landslide, the threat of a landslide, and the place dependence variables were more likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors. Respondents with higher scores on the perception of controllability in the case of a landslide were less likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors. Additionally, individual and household socioeconomic characteristics--education, loss, distance from hazard site, information acquisition channel, and housing material--were all related to household disaster preparedness behavior. This study contributes to the current literature by improving the understanding of the relationships of risk perception and sense of place to disaster preparedness in farming households threatened by geological disasters in southwestern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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19. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS AND MOTIVATING RESIDENTS ON CRISIS PREPAREDNESS.
- Author
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Mahdoň, Luboš and Novák, Ladislav
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,CRISIS management ,CIVIL defense readiness ,EDUCATION ,LEARNING - Abstract
Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
20. CRISIS MANAGEMENT - PREPAREDNESS FOR TERROR ATTACKS VIEWED BY SURGEON.
- Author
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Lovrić, Z.
- Subjects
CRISIS management ,CIVIL defense readiness ,TERRORISM ,VICTIMS of terrorism ,MASS casualties - Abstract
Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
21. Improving Disaster Management.
- Author
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Underwood, Sarah
- Subjects
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CRISIS management , *EMERGENCY management , *DISASTER relief , *DISASTERS , *CIVIL defense readiness , *PUBLIC safety - Abstract
The article discusses the role of various information and communication technologies in improving disaster management. Kathleen Tierney at the University of Colorado cites the value of Web 2.0 applications such as Twitter and blogs in providing rapid information about an emergency. Ramesh Rao at the University of California, San Diego is director of a program that has devised a peer-to-peer notification system in California wherein witnesses can report on an event via cell phones. ImageCat develops tools for estimating losses in the aftermath of a disaster.
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- 2010
- Full Text
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22. Shaking up resilience
- Published
- 2017
23. Challenge to build resilient cities
- Author
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Wilkinson, Suzanne, Ph. D.
- Published
- 2017
24. Mass casualty events: blood transfusion emergency preparedness across the continuum of care.
- Author
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Doughty, Heidi, Glasgow, Simon, and Kristoffersen, Einar
- Subjects
- *
BLOOD transfusion , *BLOOD diseases , *PREPAREDNESS , *CIVIL defense readiness , *TRANSFUSION-free surgery - Abstract
Transfusion support is a key enabler to the response to mass casualty events (MCEs). Transfusion demand and capability planning should be an integrated part of the medical planning process for emergency system preparedness. Historical reviews have recently supported demand planning for MCEs and mass gatherings; however, computer modeling offers greater insights for resource management. The challenge remains balancing demand and supply especially the demand for universal components such as group O red blood cells. The current prehospital and hospital capability has benefited from investment in the management of massive hemorrhage. The management of massive hemorrhage should address both hemorrhage control and hemostatic support. Labile blood components cannot be stockpiled and a large surge in demand is a challenge for transfusion providers. The use of blood components may need to be triaged and demand managed. Two contrasting models of transfusion planning for MCEs are described. Both illustrate an integrated approach to preparedness where blood transfusion services work closely with health care providers and the donor community. Preparedness includes appropriate stock management and resupply from other centers. However, the introduction of alternative transfusion products, transfusion triage, and the greater use of an emergency donor panel to provide whole blood may permit greater resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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25. Cold War FALLOUT.
- Author
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Connor, Lee O'
- Subjects
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RADIOACTIVE fallout , *FALLOUT shelters , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
The article talks about the Cold War fallout in Spokane, Washington, after the detonation of the 57-megaton super bomb called Tsar-bomba in Russia. It states that 35th U.S. President John F. Kennedy had suggested building family fallout shelters during his Berlin Crisis speech. It is noted that Spokane's civil defense department invited the public to view the designs of the fallout shelters that could accommodate 4-6 persons.
- Published
- 2016
26. Co-evolution measurement model of integrated defense periphery for earthquake disaster.
- Author
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LIU Chao-feng, SU Jing-yu, WANG Wei, and ZUO Xiang-jun
- Subjects
- *
EMERGENCY management , *SEISMOLOGICAL research , *LOTKA-Volterra equations , *CIVIL defense readiness , *EARTHQUAKE resistant design , *EARTHQUAKE engineering - Abstract
Integrated defense against earthquake disaster is an urgent problem. In this paper, the basic principle of urban multi-lines for seismic defense was proposed. The basic theory of defense periphery for urban earthquake disaster was established. The exchange rate between periphery groups was regard as control variable, and the Lotka-Volterra model was introduced into defense periphery system. The evolution model of urban multi-lines for earthquake disaster defense was set up, which explained the competition and collaboration dynamic mechanism of urban multi-lines for seismic defense. The order parameters of multi-lines defense system were selected according to synergy principle. The co-evolution measurement model of urban multi-lines for defensing earthquake was established, and it was applied to Nantong city earthquake disaster integrated defense system. The result shows that competition alienation characteristics of defense system arise, and system coordination degree is reduced to 0.62. The system is restored to the previous level of coordination degree, and it is developing towards coordinated direction by adjusting the input proportion of multi-lines for seismic defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
27. Near optimal allocation strategy for making a staged evacuation plan with multiple exits.
- Author
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Xie, Jun, Li, Qiang, Wan, Qing, and Li, Xiang
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL disasters , *EMERGENCY management , *CIVILIAN evacuation , *CIVIL defense readiness , *TRAFFIC engineering - Abstract
Recent natural or man-made disasters have reminded the government to prepare an efficient evacuation plan in advance to cope with extreme threats, especially for urban area with high density of population. In view of this, many approaches have been proposed from different viewpoints, but limitations of them always exist more or less. Instead of presenting a new approach, we expand an existing staged evacuation algorithm for one exit to solve evacuation problems with multiple exits in this paper. The principle is to assign evacuees to different exits to translate a multi-exit problem to several single-exit problems. The objective is to balance traffic flow among exits and reduce the total clearance time, and thus a series of allocation and optimisation strategies are proposed to approach it. Experiments validate the proposed methods, and a simulation program is also developed to visually examine their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Bridging the Gap: Hazard Mitigation in the Global Context.
- Author
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Klima, Kelly and Jerolleman, Alessandra
- Subjects
- *
HAZARD mitigation , *EMERGENCY management , *FLOOD damage prevention , *CIVIL defense readiness , *CRISIS management - Abstract
Natural hazard mitigation is a recent field in name only. For decades various professionals have been practicing hazard mitigation: for example, emergency managers have been working with architects and city planners to update building codes for disaster-resistant construction, civil engineers have been working with local officials to design flood-resistant urban drainage systems, and foresters have been working with state officials to enact more effective prescribed burning practices. Yet most often, natural hazard mitigation has taken place as isolated activities scattered within the daily duties of diverse professions - an accidentally cross-disciplinary effort recognized as vitally important to protect individuals and communities, yet not recognized as its own multidisciplinary field. The crucial importance of natural hazard mitigation requires a more coherent approach, with consistent and accessible technical information and training, formal and informal discourse among hazard mitigation professionals, interaction with a greater public awareness of the social components, and recognition of hazard mitigation as a profession in its own right. Simultaneously, hazard mitigation professionals need to strengthen their multidisciplinary tendencies and continue to collaborate with other key fields, such as public health and the various sciences. Today many professionals are starting to bridge the gaps between disaster risk reduction, hazard mitigation, and climate adaptation. This article discusses the benefits of emergency management professionals working with others in community partnerships to achieve resilience [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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29. Community resiliency through recovery resource supply chain planning.
- Author
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Franklin, Charlotte and Todt, Kiersten
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,SUPPLY chains ,CIVIL defense readiness ,MEDICAL supplies ,BUSINESS logistics - Abstract
Information in this paper is the result of recommendations and remedies developed at 'Local Supply Chain Capacity in a Crisis Summit Exercise' held in Arlington, VA on 30th-31st January,2013. At the event, which was funded through the Regional Catastrophic Preparedness Grant Program, national private sector and not-for-profit essential resource provider experts in sectors such as transportation, communication systems, energy/power, financial resources, medical supplies and other vital supplies, together with emergency managers, discussed best practices, major challenges and exchanged remedy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. ‘Stay at Home’: The Politics of Nuclear Civil Defence, 1968–83.
- Author
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Stafford, James
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL defense readiness , *NUCLEAR warfare , *CIVIL defense , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *NUCLEAR bomb shelters , *CIVIL service , *BRITISH propaganda , *HISTORY , *SECURITY systems ,20TH century British history - Abstract
The British government made secret preparations for nuclear conflict throughout the Cold War. Following the disbandment of the Civil Defence Corps in 1968, resources for the defence of civilians were dramatically reduced. The sole measure undertaken after 1968 to minimize civilian casualties in the event of a conflict was the preparation of a public information campaign, Protect and Survive. The material advised civilians to ‘stay at home’ and build makeshift fallout shelters. This article examines the production of Protect and Survive, and some public responses to it. It will be argued that civil servants were left little option but to knowingly prepare inadequate and misleading advice. Public criticism was shaped by anxieties about the likelihood of nuclear conflict, and the impossibility of adequate defence. The individual was seen to be utterly helpless in the face of a nuclear attack. Older institutions designed to facilitate patriotic collective engagement with cold war defence, such as the Civil Defence Corps, were not revived. The government was attacked both by campaigners for improved civil defence, and by a revived and intellectually fertile anti-nuclear movement. Each of these political initiatives represented attempts to develop forms of active cold war citizenship, in contrast to the passivity advised by the state via Protect and Survive. Criticism of the material can therefore be seen to be rooted in a growing scepticism about the state’s ability to act effectively in the interests of the majority, in war as in economic management. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Creating a process for incorporating epidemiological modelling into outbreak management decisions.
- Author
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Akselrod, Hana, Mercon, Monica, Risoe, Petter Kirkeby, Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey, McGovern, Joanne, and Bogucki, Sandy
- Subjects
INCIDENT command systems ,CIVIL defense readiness ,HEALTH risk assessment ,DECISION support systems ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Public health - Abstract
Modern computational models of infectious diseases greatly enhance our ability to understand new infectious threats and assess the effects of different interventions. The recently-released CDC Framework for Preventing Infectious Diseases calls for increased use of predictive modelling of epidemic emergence for public health preparedness. Currently, the utility of these technologies in preparedness and response to outbreaks is limited by gaps between modelling output and information requirements for incident management. The authors propose an operational structure that will facilitate integration of modelling capabilities into action planning for outbreak management, using the Incident Command System (ICS) and Synchronization Matrix framework. It is designed to be adaptable and scalable for use by state and local planners under the National Response Framework (NRF) and Emergency Support Function #8 (ESF-8). Specific epidemiological modelling requirements are described, and integrated with the core processes for public health emergency decision support. These methods can be used in checklist format to align prospective or real-time modeling output with anticipated decision points, and guide strategic situational assessments at the community level. It is anticipated that formalising these processes will facilitate translation of the CDC's policy guidance from theory to practice during public health emergencies involving infectious outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Is preparedness for CBRN incidents important to general practitioners in East London?
- Author
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Dabrera, Gavin, Anyaegbu, Emmanuel, Addiman, Sarah, Keeling, David, Ashton, Charlotte, Whala, Shakeel, Dunne, Adrienne, Figueroa, Jose, Lovitt, Chris, Basnett, Ian, and Balasegaram, Sooria
- Subjects
WEAPONS of mass destruction ,GENERAL practitioners ,CIVIL defense readiness ,HEALTH risk assessment - Abstract
General practitioners (GPs) have an important role in public health response to CBRN incidents, including disseminating information to worried patients and undertaking risk assessments of patients. The authors undertook the first known UK survey of GPs' CBRN preparedness to assess knowledge and attitudes towards CBRN preparedness among GPs in East London, in the area of the Olympic Park. A questionnaire was developed, focusing on GPs' self-preparedness for, and perceived roles in CBRN incidents, and GPs' access to resources and policies for dealing with such incidents. Of 157 GPs, 56 responded, although some responded collectively for their practice. The majority of respondents recognised roles for themselves in CBRN incidents, including recognition of illness, supporting decontamination, and appropriate reporting. However, 79 per cent of GPs also felt unprepared for such incidents. The most popular topic for training to address this was clinical presentation of CBRN exposures. Most practices had no policy for dealing with suspect packages and white powder incidents. Since this survey, guidance and training has been made available to local GPs. As the UK will host more events like the 2012 Olympics, preparedness for GPs will continue to be an important consideration in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Event and anticipation: UK Civil Contingencies and the space — times of decision.
- Author
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Adey, Peter and Anderson, Ben
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *CONTINGENCY (Philosophy) , *DECISION making , *SOVEREIGNTY , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
What is the relation between security and a decision? How should decisions be taken as events unfold in unpredictable, aleatory, ways? And how are decisions made and constituted in particular and therefore differential security contexts? The paper draws on observations of 'strategic' exercises in UK Civil Contingencies, sites in which 'multiagency' responders take decisions in relation to the events that make up a range of crises, breakdowns, and interruptions. UK Civil Contingencies has a complicated relation with decision which challenges the predominance of approaches which prioritise the 'sovereign decision' as a preemptive act. On the one hand, the dream of emergency planners is of a decentred anticipatory system without the need for the event of decision, in which a distributed set of responders are primed to snap into action at the onset of an event and to follow protocols for how to connect and act together. On the other hand, and faced with the contingency of events and the mutability of the response network, decision is not erased, automated, or deferred but proliferates and, sometimes, is very difficult to make. Decisions have to constantly be taken about who to act with and how to act when faced with what the event could become: that is, when faced by the event's potential and, importantly, the complexity of response. In the paper we explore the relation between security and decision by outlining how the 'exercise' functions within emergency planning as a privileged site for the staging and performing of decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Use of a Stakeholder-Driven DACUM Process to Define Knowledge Areas for Food Protection and Defense.
- Author
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Linton, Richard H., Nutsch, Abbey, McSwane, David, Kastner, Justin, Bhatt,, Tejas, Hodge, Sheryl, Getty, Kelly, Maier, Dirk, Kastner, Curtis, Chaturvedi, Alok, and Woodley, Cynthia
- Subjects
- *
FOOD supply security measures , *TERRORISM , *FOOD contamination prevention , *CIVIL defense readiness , *STAKEHOLDERS , *TASK analysis - Abstract
One of the important areas of vulnerability that has been repeatedly identified following the events of September 11, 2001 is the potential for an intentional attack on America's food supply. Despite the importance of equipping professionals to protect our nation's food supply, educators face a scarcity of information on which to base food protection and defense curricula and training development efforts. This research sought to identify a set of knowledge content areas required by food protection and defense professionals. A Developing A CurriculUM (DACUM) process was employed to create a job task analysis that identified duties, tasks, steps, and associated knowledge, skills, and abilities for this occupational category. The knowledge areas identified during the DACUM process and validated through a stakeholder survey were used to frame the program for a training workshop and computer simulation in which participants responded to a mock intentional food contamination event. Results of this process can serve as foundational elements that can be shaped by instructional and curricular design experts to create educational programs in food protection and defense for graduate students and in-service professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Framing the Future: What Should Emergency Management Graduates Know?
- Author
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Cwiak, Carol
- Subjects
- *
HIGHER education , *EMERGENCY management education , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes , *CURRICULUM-based assessment , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
This paper provides a brief history and overview of FEMA's Higher Education Program and the role it has taken in shaping the emergency management higher education community and the field of emergency management; details the process undertaken to arrive at the most recent effort focused on curriculum outcomes and introduces the substance of that effort; and, suggests next steps in the forward movement of emergency management higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Food for Thought Approaching the 10th Anniversary of 9/11: A Conversation with John Odermatt.
- Author
-
Hamner, Marvine P.
- Subjects
- *
ANNIVERSARIES , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *LEADERSHIP , *EMERGENCY management , *PREPAREDNESS , *CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
John Odermatt has been the Commissioner of the New York City Office of Emergency Management and Executive Officer of the NYC Police Department’s Intelligence Division. He is currently the Global Director of Business Continuity for Citigroup, Inc. Since 9/11, large numbers of managers have been added to the field of emergency management; however there is still a dearth of leaders. Leadership is not a course to be taken. It is a quality of character. John Odermatt embodies both management and leadership. It was an honor and a pleasure to talk with Mr. Odermatt in his office in New York in mid-June 2011. This article is a summary of the salient points from that conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Bioterrorism and U.S. Domestic Preparedness: Bureaucratic Fragmentation and American Vulnerability.
- Author
-
Fry-Pierce, Christine C. and Lenze Jr., Paul E.
- Subjects
- *
BIOTERRORISM , *PREPAREDNESS , *CIVIL defense readiness , *EMERGENCY management , *NATIONAL security , *BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
This article takes a closer look at the United States’ domestic preparedness program. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the domestic preparedness program has served as the United States’ disaster response and management option in the case of a biological or chemical weapons attack. In its early years, the program focused solely on chemical weapons, but eventually expanded to cover the threat of biological weapons as well. The program, however, is fragmented, leaving authority in the hands of over a dozen different agencies. This leaves the authorities, capabilities, and resources needed to effectively implement the program divided across multiple bureaucracies. In addition, the program is essentially made up of a series of legislative initiatives, causing it to be desperately uncoordinated. Given this organizational fragmentation, we ask: does the domestic preparedness program really prepare the United States for a biological weapons attack? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. BioWatch and the Brown Cap.
- Author
-
Donahue, Jr., Donald A.
- Subjects
- *
BIOSURVEILLANCE , *EMERGENCY management , *BIOTERRORISM prevention , *CIVIL defense warning systems , *CIVIL defense readiness , *CIVIL defense - Abstract
The United States has invested significant resources toward creating a surveillance capability that can detect emerging diseases or acts of bioterrorism. While this is a timely pursuit — the WHO states new diseases are being detected at an unprecedented rate — the effort remains disjointed and oriented toward "high-tech" solutions, often at the expense of potentially readily apparent solutions. This article examines extant surveillance efforts and proposes that a more mundane approach to biosurveillance may actually be more productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A Home Front Law for Israel.
- Author
-
Elran, Meir
- Subjects
NATIONAL security laws ,CIVIL defense readiness ,PREPAREDNESS - Abstract
The article argues for the necessity of the Home Front Law and analyzes what should be included among its central components. The author proposes a framework for the preparedness of the Israeli civilian front which will serve as a basis for the public debate of the law and facilitate its passage into the Knesset, Israel's parliament. According to the author, the Home Front Law has experienced numerous obstacles in the legislative process.
- Published
- 2011
40. Turning Point 4: The National Civilian Front Exercise.
- Author
-
Elran, Meir
- Subjects
CIVIL defense readiness ,PREPAREDNESS ,EMERGENCY management ,CIVIL defense - Abstract
The article discusses the ramifications of Israel's nationwide emergency exercise on May 23-27, 2010. According to the author, the exercise aimed to improve Israel's preparedness and response to emergencies at the national and system-wide levels based on joint operation in a war scenario. The author reports that 35 local governments were directly involved in the exercise with government ministries being required to assist them in the supply of critical services for civilians in an emergency.
- Published
- 2010
41. Cyberterrorism: An examination of the preparedness of North Carolina local law enforcement.
- Author
-
Parker, Amanda M. Sharp
- Subjects
CYBERTERRORISM ,COMPUTER crimes ,LAW enforcement ,PREPAREDNESS ,CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
Since the September 11th terror attacks in New York City, Washington DC, and Pennsylvania, the American public has remained on high alert for the possibility of another terror attack. Law enforcement personnel have received training in terrorism prevention and detection techniques, yet terrorists are constantly looking for ways to improve their methods of attack. Seemingly unrelated, the American public has become increasingly dependent on technology in every aspect of everyday life. It would only seem natural that terrorists would use this dependence on technology to their advantage. This brings to the forefront a relatively new concept in the area of terrorism: cyberterrorism. This paper will look at the idea of cyberterrorism and analyze the preparedness of 12 North Carolina police departments. The paper will also review the plans that these 12 agencies have for future cyberterrorism preparations. Policy suggestions will also be offered so that local law enforcement agencies can be prepared in the event of a cyberterror attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The myth of preparedness.
- Author
-
Aradau, Claudia
- Subjects
MYTHOLOGY ,GODS ,PREPAREDNESS ,PUBLIC safety ,SURVIVALISM ,EMERGENCY management ,CIVIL defense readiness ,CIVIL defense drills - Abstract
The author compares the characteristics of emergency preparedness activities with those of mythology. The author claims emergency preparedness exercises create worst-case scenarios as this helps emergency services and all those who respond to incidents of this nature to prepare for similar events of smaller scale, which are more likely to occur, as well as for worst case scenario. She mentions exercises like Osiris, Kali and Demeter, which use the ancient names of deities and other mythological or legendary beings.
- Published
- 2010
43. Impact of a 1755-like tsunami in Huelva, Spain.
- Author
-
Lima, V. V., Miranda, J. M., Baptista, M. A., Catalão, J., Gonzalez, M., Otero, L., Olabarrieta, M., Álvarez-Gómez, J. A., and Carreño, E.
- Subjects
TSUNAMI damage ,TSUNAMI hazard zones ,CIVIL defense readiness ,HAZARD mitigation - Abstract
Coastal areas are highly exposed to natural hazards associated with the sea. In all cases where there is historical evidence for devastating tsunamis, as is the case of the southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, there is a need for quantitative hazard tsunami assessment to support spatial planning. Also, local authorities must be able to act towards the population protection in a preemptive way, to inform "what to do" and "where to go" and in an alarm, to make people aware of the incoming danger. With this in mind, we investigated the inundation extent, run-up and water depths, of a 1755-like event on the region of Huelva, located on the Spanish southwestern coast, one of the regions that was affected in the past by several high energy events, as proved by historical documents and sedimentological data. Modelling was made with a slightly modified version of the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model) code. Sensitivity tests were performed for a single source in order to understand the relevance and influence of the source parameters in the inundation extent and the fundamental impact parameters. We show that a 1755-like event will have a dramatic impact in a large area close to Huelva inundating an area between 82 and 92km
2 and reaching maximum run-up around 5 m. In this sense our results show that small variations on the characteristics of the tsunami source are not too significant for the impact assessment. We show that the maximum flow depth and the maximum run-up increase with the average slip on the source, while the strike of the fault is not a critical factor as Huelva is significantly far away from the potential sources identified up to now. We also show that the maximum flow depth within the inundated area is very dependent on the tidal level, while maximum run-up is less affected, as a consequence of the complex morphology of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Preparing for Disaster: Response Matrices in the USA and UK.
- Author
-
Kahn, Laura H. and Barondess, Jeremiah A.
- Subjects
- *
EMERGENCY management conferences , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *DISASTERS & society , *EMERGENCY management , *CIVIL defense readiness , *DISASTER relief , *SECURITY systems ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
Disasters, whether man-made or naturally occurring, require complex responses across multiple government agencies and private sector elements, including the media. These factors mandate that, for effective disaster management and because of the unpredictability of such events, response structures must be in place in advance, ready to be activated on short notice, with lines of responsibility clearly delineated and mechanisms for coordination of efforts already established. Disaster response experiences in the USA and the UK were reviewed at a conference convened by the New York Academy of Medicine and the Royal Society of Medicine in June 2007. Lessons to be drawn from these comparisons were sought. The importance of careful advance planning, clear delineation of spheres of responsibility and response roles, effective mechanisms for communication at all levels, and provision for adequate communication with the public were all identified as key elements of effective response mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. THE FAILURE TO PROTECT: HUMAN SECURITY AND CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN AFGHANISTAN.
- Author
-
Greaves, Wilfrid
- Subjects
INTERNAL security ,INSURGENCY ,RESISTANCE to government ,CIVIL war ,CIVIL defense readiness ,MILITARY personnel ,ARMIES - Abstract
The article reports on the failure of Canadian policy and practice in Afghanistan to human security and the protection of Afghan civilians. It states that the failure to protect the human security are of two reasons such as the international forces have adequately addressed the threat posed to civilians by the Taliban insurgency and the tactics employed by the international military forces have failed to discriminate between civilians and combatants which results to the increase in number of civilian casualties. It also mentions that the failure indicates that Canada's practices in Afghanistan does not cohere with its own policies for the human security and the violation of the international doctrine to human security.
- Published
- 2008
46. THE THIRD DAY--THE MASSACRE: CHAPTER VIII.: THE SITUATION.
- Subjects
CIVIL defense readiness ,DELEGATED legislation ,RESISTANCE to government - Abstract
Chapter VIII of the book "The History of A Crime: The Testimony of an Eye-Witness" is presented. It explores the distribution of copies of the Decree of Deposition that had been lithographed and distributed by hand in thousands. It highlights the arming of civilians and the arising oppositions against the government of Louis Bonaparte.
- Published
- 1877
47. RECENT ACTIVITIES OF PMPs FLOODS AND UNEXPECTED METOROLOGICAL EVENTS, WATER, AND CLIMATE.
- Author
-
CLARK, ROBERT
- Subjects
WATER supply ,NATURAL resources ,CLIMATE change ,EMERGENCY management ,CIVIL defense readiness - Published
- 2004
48. Aftermath.
- Author
-
Vogel, Ben
- Subjects
CRISIS management ,EMERGENCY management ,WILDFIRE prevention ,CIVIL defense readiness - Abstract
The article highlights the need for a coordinated response to the broad subject of crisis management. The two categories in which crisis response could be divided include crisis management and emergency management. Organisational flaws in disaster management have been exposed by the wildfires in the Russian Federation, which resulted in the deaths of 50 people and destroyed 2,000 buildings.
- Published
- 2010
49. CAN THIS HOUSE SAVE YOU FROM THE END OF THE WORLD?
- Author
-
COOPER, ARNIE
- Subjects
- *
DWELLING design & construction , *NUCLEAR warfare & society , *CIVIL defense readiness , *NUCLEAR bomb shelters - Abstract
The article discusses the Terra Vivos network of underground living shelters conceived of and built by developer and entrepreneur Robert Vicino near Barstow, California. Vicino is marketing the shelter units as intervention against the life-changing effects of nuclear wars, natural disasters, and other events.
- Published
- 2010
50. The Role of GIS in Emergency Management.
- Author
-
Prizzia, Ross
- Subjects
- *
GEODATABASES , *EMERGENCY management , *GOVERNMENT agencies , *MAYORS , *DISASTERS , *INFORMATION resources management , *CIVIL defense readiness , *MANAGEMENT - Abstract
The article focuses on the benefits of using the geographical information system (GIS) in managing disasters by several government agencies in Hawaii such as the Oahu Civil Defense Agency (OCDA) and the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC). It has been cited that OCDA, the primary government agency for disaster response, is responsible for declaring and managing a disaster which is handled by the mayor. The mayor uses the GIS which is housed in the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). Jeremy Harris, the former mayor of Honolulu, supports the efficiency of GIS because this was able to help them make good decision making and good urban governance. Moreover, the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) makes use of the GIS for predicting earthquakes which can reduce the damaging effect of the disaster.
- Published
- 2009
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