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AbstractThis study is about how young citizens perceive the authoritarian regime in Turkey. It argues that feelings are overlooked in the debate on authoritarianism and then proposes the concept of ‘perceived regime’ to provide a framework for the intended discussion. To understand the dominant feelings of young people, this study analyses YouTube comments posted under the documentaries of 140Journos, a well-known independent new media content producer. Accordingly, this study defines a feeling structure called ‘collective misery’. Feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness, anger, resentment and envy are the fundamental building blocks of this structure, and anxiety is the beam. Furthermore, this study posits that the primary manifestation of the authoritarian regime in Turkey is a pervasive and profound ‘anomie-like’ social formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research-based knowledge on homecare nursing is scarce and further information is warranted about citizens' perceptions of receiving home care under existing conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate citizen experiences with health-care professionals in the time allotted for home care. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire survey was distributed to 348 citizens receiving home care. The questionnaire consisted of questions whether the citizens experienced that enough time was available during the homecare visit and how the conversation and care relationship with the health-care professionals were experienced. The differences in responses were analysed using Fisher's Exact Tests. Findings: Overall, 94% of the citizens reported that sufficient time had been available and that care relationship and conversation with the health-care professionals had been positive during the homecare visit. However, the findings indicated that citizens aged more than +76 years and citizens with a high educational level were more prone to report that the nurses did not spend enough time during the home visit. Originality/value: The findings offer useful insights for the professionals in delivering appropriate home care. Listening to citizens' wishes and needs for home care could lead to better individualised care. Especially the youngest and oldest of the citizens seem to have specific experiences that call for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social & Technology / Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH) is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This research aims to describe citizen participation in submitting complaints via Complain Online, a strategy to fulfill citizens' rights in digital citizenship, and the obstacles faced in fulfilling these rights. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. The validity of the data was tested by triangulation and analysis using an interactive analysis model. The results of this research show that community participation through Complain Online increasing in quantity, but there is still a lack of responsibility in the use of digital media. The government needs to invest in efforts to improve the community's ability to express opinions as well as resources to develop ways to strengthen its realization digital citizenship. This can be done by developing a strategy to fulfill the right to opinion, including providing it website, socialization, electronic forms and platform development. In order for this strategy to be effective, the public must be given adequate understanding and provision regarding their responsibilities in utilizing these facilities. Also, efforts need to be made to overcome internal obstacles including rapid turnover of ASN and lack of technological skills and external obstacles including budget limitations and the cessation of socialization. -------------------------------- Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan partisipasi warga dalam menyampaikan aduan melalui Sambat Online, strategi pemenuhan hak warga dalam digital citizenship, dan hambatan yang dihadapi dalam pemenuhan hak tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Validitas data diuji dengan triangulasi dan analisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat melalui Sambat Online meningkat secara kuantitas, namun masih ada kurangnya tanggung jawab dalam penggunaan media digital. Pemerintah perlu berinvestasi dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam berpendapat serta sumber daya untuk mengembangkan cara-cara untuk memperkuat terwujudnya digital citizenship. Hal ini, dapat dilakukan dengan menyusun strategi pemenuhan hak berpendapat mencakup penyediaan website, sosialisasi, formulir elektronik dan pengembangan platform, Agar strategi ini dapat berjalan efektif, masyarakat harus diberikan pemahaman dan pembekalan yang memadai terkait tanggung jawab mereka dalam memanfaatkan fasilitas tersebut. Serta, perlu adanya upaya mengatasi hambatan internal termasuk pergantian ASN yang cepat dan kurangnya keterampilan teknologi dan hambatan eksternal meliputi keterbatasan anggaran dan terhentinya sosialisasi.

Abstract Background While oral health often takes a backseat to other health domains, it silently affects nearly half of the Worldwide population. The DELIVER project, funded by the EU’s Horizon Europe program, seeks to develop a blueprint model for improving the quality of oral health care for everyone. Methods Applying the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), 17 stakeholders from various backgrounds participated in identifying pressing issues for oral care quality improvement across practice, community, and policy levels. Results The results revealed significant differences at the different levels, with accessibility emerging as a prominent issue, encompassing affordability, availability, and acceptability of oral healthcare services. Conclusions These findings emphasizes the need for policy reforms, increased investments, and a shift towards preventive and patient-centered dental care practices. It highlights the importance of collaborative efforts with multi-stakeholders and prioritizing pressing issues on a multi-level to drive positive change in improving oral care quality.

This study evaluates the civic performance outcomes of charter schools using the NAEP Civics Grade 8 data for 2014 and 2018. It compares civic achievement across charter schools, traditional public schools, and private schools. The results show no significant differences in overall civic performance between charter and traditional public schools. However, charter school with higher exposure to civics curriculum and instructional strategies outperformed their peers. The research highlights the crucial role of curriculum and instructional quality in enhancing civic education outcomes and deepens understanding of the civic capabilities of charter schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While oral health often takes a backseat to other health domains, it silently affects nearly half of the Worldwide population. The DELIVER project, funded by the EU's Horizon Europe program, seeks to develop a blueprint model for improving the quality of oral health care for everyone. Methods: Applying the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), 17 stakeholders from various backgrounds participated in identifying pressing issues for oral care quality improvement across practice, community, and policy levels. Results: The results revealed significant differences at the different levels, with accessibility emerging as a prominent issue, encompassing affordability, availability, and acceptability of oral healthcare services. Conclusions: These findings emphasizes the need for policy reforms, increased investments, and a shift towards preventive and patient-centered dental care practices. It highlights the importance of collaborative efforts with multi-stakeholders and prioritizing pressing issues on a multi-level to drive positive change in improving oral care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay shows how newspapers in the postbellum United States invoked the memory of the ancient Spartan woman to express visions of women's place in the emergent American republic that deviated from the Victorian ideal. Journalists and social commentators from the Western, Southern, and Northern United States found in the fit, patriotic, and stoic demeanor of Spartan women, a model for the politically active and publicly involved the "new woman" that they increasingly desired. While primarily targeting middle-class white women, these newspapers and commentators hinted that one could venerate these qualities in females of other classes and social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acknowledging biophilic design as a nature-based solution to compensate for the expansion of urbanization and human separation from nature that deteriorate citizens' satisfaction and responsible pro-environmental behaviors toward the environment are among the environmental planning's principal goals. Therefore, the current study investigates the effects of Biophilic design dimensions on residential satisfaction to promote citizens' pro-environmental behavior. In order to evaluate the effects between Biophilic design, residential satisfaction, and pro-environmental behavior, SEM method was used. Obtained data from 380 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS, and the results demonstrated that the Biophilic design's 'street' dimension has the greatest impact on residential satisfaction (β = 0.799) and citizens' pro-environmental behavior (β = 0.751). Additionally, residential satisfaction's 'quality' dimension has the highest effect on pro-environmental behavior (β = 0.430). The outcomes provide a solution for policymakers and designers to enhance citizens' pro-environmental behaviors towards the environment through a sustainable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of smart city projects relies on residents' familiarity with technology. Smart cities use ICT, IoT, AI, and ML to enhance urban services and governance, improving residents' lives. The paper aims to gain new knowledge regarding residents' experiences in using smart city technologies based on the inductive reasoning. In 2021, the authors conducted a pilot survey using the CATI and CAWI interview methods on a random sample of 427 citizens of Szczecin and Koszalin, the two largest cities in the West Pomeranian region of the Republic of Poland. To analyze the data, the authors employed the Chi-square test for independence. This study focused on residents' experiences towards smart city technologies in Szczecin and Koszalin. The authors evaluated ten types of technologies: intelligent payment systems, e-office applications, health applications, cultural activity applications, environmental protection applications, security applications, intelligent water and sewage meters, smart electricity meters, free Wi-Fi hotspots, and intelligent transport applications. Participants from both cities were asked whether they currently use these technologies, do not use them, or would like to use them in the future. This methodology enabled a thorough examination of current usage patterns and potential future adoption of smart city technologies among residents of Szczecin and Koszalin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital India is an initiative taken for the citizens to access the government services in a digital forum. The government is trying to confirm the vision and pillars of digital India program by investigating the citizen's perspective on digital services. This current study aims to investigate the citizen awareness, explore the citizen opinion on digital India services and to determine citizen opinion on features associated with digital India services. This research is based on descriptive research design and target populations are the Citizens of Tamil Nadu. The sampling method used in this research is non-probability convenience sampling with a sample size of 505 participants. Structured questionnaires using Likert 5-Point scale was used to collect data. The findings exposed that the awareness and perception of digital India services towards digital India initiative at Tamilnadu was highly valued and they recognized that the Citizens are aware about digital India service features and advantages having the optimistic view on digital India initiative. This research study suggests that keeping citizens involved with the digital India services is the most significant aspect and it leads them to feel self-confident and self-reliant towards better results. The future study would be to pre-determine categories like usage, adoption, loyalty and satisfaction and citizen empowerment through digital India services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1-Introduction The newly emerged concept of citizenship culture has gained considerable attention from researchers in the context of modern society, as it serves as a guide to sustainable human interactions. Throughout history, the concept of culture and citizenship has been intricately linked to one another. In the past, this notion was primarily used in the legal domain and pertained to people's adherence to the law. However, over time, it has expanded in its significance, and currently, it holds a much broader meaning. The internet and social networks have become effective tools for the dissemination of cultural symbols, acting as a significant source of information and awareness across various domains, including culture. They play a pivotal role in driving cultural transformations and changes among people. The scope of the issue has broadened, and the importance of the matter has intensified with the widespread accessibility of smart mobile devices, allowing users to access social networks such as Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram, Twitter, and others. The extensive use of these networks throughout the day and night by individuals has led to an increased focus on the creation, production, publication, and republishing of a wide range of information in various fields within these platforms. Given the increasing reliance on social networks in daily life, their impact on citizenship culture has become increasingly prominent. Ignoring this issue could lead to significant, and potentially irreversible, losses. Therefore, the importance of studying the benefits and drawbacks of these platforms is undeniable. The existing body of scholarly research has explored this topic from diverse angles, although a more detailed examination of the impact of social networks on citizenship culture appears to be lacking. Given the extensive usage of social networks by citizens and their influence on various aspects of life, there is a definite need for further study in this area. Therefore, the present report sets out to address the question of whether a model can be proposed to enhance the culture of citizenship by leveraging the power of social media, by investigating the role of social networks in shaping citizenship culture. 2-LiteratureReview Matani et al. (2019) conducted a study titled "Investigating the Use of Mass Media and Adherence to Citizenship Culture (Case Study: Citizens Over 18 Years Old in Ghaem Shahr City)" using the field method, survey method, and a questionnaire instrument. They concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between using mass media and the overall level of adherence to the citizenship culture and its dimensions, including social participation, publicism, responsibility, and a tendency to follow the law. Ghafarinasab et al. (2019), in a study titled "Sociological Explanation of Citizenship Culture (Case Study: Citizens 15 Years Above in Eqlid City)," assert that citizenship is a crucial indicator of development and progress in developing countries. One significant dimension of citizenship is the culture of citizenship. They highlight that the establishment and growth of citizenship can be viewed as a serious solution for resolving social challenges in developing nations. They utilize the theories of Marshall, Janoski, Faulks, and Turner to examine citizenship culture among citizens in Eqlid City. In addition, they employ the survey method and a questionnaire instrument to gather data. They also use a multi-stage cluster sampling technique to choose the sample. The results indicate that the citizenship culture among citizens is above average. The analysis of the hypothesis reveals that variables such as gender, marital status, the degree of religious commitment, social identity, the extent of media usage, and political awareness exhibit a prominent association with the culture of citizenship. Askarizadeh (2019) conducted a study titled “Identifying Social and Educational Factors Affecting the Promotion of Citizenship Culture in the Neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas City” with a descriptive survey-exploratory method, utilizing a random cluster sampling method. The sample size consisted of 458 individuals, and a questionnaire instrument was utilized in this survey. The findings highlight the significant impact of educational and socioeconomic factors on the promotion of citizenship culture. Among the social factors, awareness of citizenship rights, the rule of law and orderliness, collective interests, awareness of external and internal events, responsibility, publicism, use of cultural centers, and use of the media have been found to greatly influence citizenship culture, respectively. Among the educational factors, the legal infrastructure and bylaws, written and specific educational objectives, executive structures, the existence of diverse training courses, acceptance of change amongst citizens, awareness and competence of officials, innovative management and supportive managers, the capability of citizens, the attitude of officials, citizens' enthusiastic participation, incentives, communication between officials and citizens, technical infrastructure, and the presence of supporting human resources in setting up and supervision are all found to significantly impact the citizenship culture. 3-Methodology The present study aimed to propose a model for promoting citizenship culture by leveraging social networks among citizens of Tehran. This is an applied study by objective, a cross-sectional study in terms of the data collection time, and a qualitative research design in terms of the procedure. A qualitative approach with a grounded theory approach was adopted, and the theoretical sampling method was utilized. The primary goal of conducting this study was to contribute to the promotion of the culture of citizenship, thereby enhancing the overall well-being of society. The statistical population of this research encompassed specialists and experts in social networks and citizenship culture (university professors, city managers, and so on) and reached saturation with no additional data being identified through conducting new interviews. The open, axial, and selective codes were extracted via analyzing the interviews. This study employed a grounded theory approach to identify the main codes and themes related to the culture of citizenship in social networks. The study, based on Corbin & Strauss's grounded theory model, examined the causal conditions (conditions leading to a change in an event), context, intervening conditions (barriers that may delay or prevent an event from occurring), action/interaction strategies (methods utilized to effect change), and consequences (outcomes or effects of the change process). Following this examination and identification process, the conditions for the promotion of citizenship culture were eventually specified, aligned with the established conceptual model. 4-Conclusion Analyzing and interpreting the statistical results indicate that social networks exert a positive and significant influence on the dimensions of citizenship culture, thereby upgrading the culture. However, it is essential to make several changes and transformations in Iran to ensure that there is effectiveness in promoting citizenship culture through social networks. Presently, the introduction of virtual social networks into the lives of citizens has been highly embraced in response to the diverse needs of individuals. These networks, in turn, have significantly influenced various aspects of existence. Undoubtedly, social networks have demonstrated ostensible and widespread effects on different areas of people's lives. Additionally, social networks play a vital role in enhancing and strengthening social interactions within the digital realm and have profound impacts on myriad facets of citizens' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black experiences and discourse concerning citizenship are unique. Moreover, Black access to full citizenship is often a matter of life and death. The civic purposes driving this pursuit are often negated in conventional curriculum and pedagogy, especially in early childhood settings. Still, it is essential for educators and policymakers to understand the civic purposes that initiate and sustain civic engagement. The purpose of this study is to amplify the voices of young Black boys in regards to US citizenship. By employing notions of in the wake/wake work as the theoretical framework and curricular and pedagogical resuscitation (CPR) as the methodology, this study unearthed the power of children to examine the complexities and ironies of citizenship. More so, these first- and second-grade students linked Black citizenship to fundamental issues of life, death, and purpose. Ultimately, the authors call for instruction reflecting how for students, especially Black students, honorable civic purposes striving for full citizenship remain valued, respected, and enduring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the concept of social justice to provide greater clarity about how higher education might help students achieve more understanding about social justice and develop behaviors consistent with social change. We measured three dimensions of social justice: students' recognition that inequality exists, their determination to do something, and their willingness to engage in actions that reduce inequality. Mean differences in scales tapping these views between students in introductory and capstone courses in six liberal arts disciplines—social work, sociology, psychology, criminal justice, gender studies, and communication—suggest variations in how students in these programs commit to social change. Capstone students consistently showed greater commitment to social justice compared to freshmen students. The most significant differences occurred in their willingness to take action. Patterns differed significantly within the six disciplines, and consideration is given to the emphasis placed on social justice within the six disciplines, as partially explaining the differences. These results suggest some modification to the notion in the literature that a 'principal-implementation' gap exists among adults in their commitment to social justice that tends to increase with maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of public engagement in governments' adoption of artificial intelligence systems, artificial intelligence researchers and practitioners spend little time reflecting on who those publics are. Classifying publics affects assumptions and affordances attributed to the publics' ability to contribute to policy or knowledge production. Further complicating definitions are the publics' role in artificial intelligence production and optimization. Our structured analysis of the corpus used a mixed method, where algorithmic generation of search terms allowed us to examine approximately 2500 articles and provided the foundation to conduct an extensive systematic literature review of approximately 100 documents. Results show the multiplicity of ways publics are framed, by examining and revealing the different semantic nuances, affordances, political and expertise lenses, and, finally, a lack of definitions. We conclude that categorizing publics represents an act of power, politics, and truth-seeking in artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis from the perspective of a participant-observer in the "Rethinking DF 2030" project, conducted in Brazil. In this project, Theory U was applied as a journey to foster integration between policymakers and the citizens for whom these policies are designed. The article sheds light on the importance of building both hidden and visible "containers"—purposefully held environments where the quality of collective attention aligns with intention. Through the author's active engagement in this project, the article simultaneously explores the methodological and experiential aspects of Theory U, including its capacity to guide and weave into the application of various other methodologies. The findings highlight both the challenges and potential of a Theory U practitioner's role in a highly complex participatory process.

This study aims to determine whether the settlement of criminal cases through restorative justice is an effort to fulfill the constitutional rights of citizens. The method used in this research is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the settlement of cases through restorative justice is an effort to fulfill the constitutional rights of citizens because the principle of resolving cases through restorative justice can be said to be more able to guarantee justice and equality before the law (equality before the law) as regulated in Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D paragraph (1) and Article 28I paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

The Roman legal system has its origin in the era of the foundation of Rome and was applied until the death of the emperor Iustinianus, from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD. Compared to other ancient peoples, creators of law, the Romans were the only ones who generated a special category of „professionals” managing to lay the foundations of the unique ancient model of law elaborated in a „scientific” way. Also, to the Romans, two essential elements that have become constant in positive law stand out: the principle of individual property and the distinction between Ius Publicum and Ius Privatum. What can be emphasized with certainty is the special aptitude and talent that prevails throughout the entire history of Rome in the elaboration and knowledge of law, a fact that is also highlighted by the creation of a true archetype of the Roman citizen, at first the pontiff-jurist, and, later, only jurist-magistrate. The great success of Roman law, however, was the standardization of its rules through the Corpus Iuris Civilis, which brought together all the legal norms of Roman origin in a written document.

In this essay, I offer some critical reflections on how digitalisation and datafication may challenge the values and principles that underpin the Nordic welfare state, and as such inform the relationship between the citizens and the state. In response to these challenges, I argue that we should apply a human-rights-based approach when assessing the strength and weaknesses of existing solutions, as well as when developing new systems and services.

Disaster management is a critical component of national development, particularly in the aftermath of natural disasters. The relocation process of liquefaction disaster survivors in Petobo, located in South Palu, Central Sulawesi, underscores the pivotal role of the government in safeguarding Indonesian citizens' rights, including providing adequate housing within a healthy and secure environment. This research was conducted in the wake of the disaster with the primary objective of evaluating the legal protection and human rights afforded to survivors residing in Petobo Village, which has been designated as a red zone due to the severity of the disaster. The study uncovered significant damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and ecosystem degradation as direct consequences of the disaster. These findings underscore the government's obligation to provide permanent housing (hence HUNTAP) to fulfill the basic needs of survivors. Providing decent housing is fundamental to ensuring the well-being and dignity of every citizen affected by the disaster. Moreover, it aligns with the core principles of citizenship and human rights, which are essential for fostering sustainable and harmonious communities, particularly in regions grappling with the aftermath of natural calamities. Shortly, the relocation of liquefaction disaster survivors in Petobo, South Palu, Central Sulawesi, highlights the government's pivotal role in safeguarding its citizens' rights, especially in times of crisis. By prioritizing permanent housing and ensuring a healthy and secure environment for survivors, the government demonstrates its commitment to upholding human rights and fostering resilient communities in disaster-affected areas.

Based on a survey, this article analyses the satisfaction with communication between citizens and public servants in the Municipality of Ljubljana (MOL). It highlights the potential of a citizen relations management tool to emphasise the importance of effective communication between the municipality and citizens, the role of civic engagement in the development of the municipality and the importance of understanding and managing differences in satisfaction between citizens and public servants. A notable satisfaction gap exists, with citizens generally more satisfied than public servants, except for accessibility to initiatives and problem-solving. The study recommends adopting successful tools, such as those used in Ljubljana, to improve communication, citizen participation and the quality of services. It emphasises the importance of understanding communication dynamics to tailor municipal improvements and promote civic engagement and calls for further research in Central and Eastern European municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Resources is the property of Journal of Academic Social Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

External procedural justice in police–citizen interactions has been found to have a relationship with cooperation, compliance, and police legitimacy. The individual dimensions of organizational justice comprised of distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice, have been less frequently examined. Organizational justice has been found to be associated with many desirable outcomes both within policing and in other professions. This study utilized a convenience sample (n = 106) of police officers from five school district police departments in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area. The study combined two sections of two existing instruments for the purpose of examining the extent to which officer perceptions of the four dimensions of organizational justice contribute to officer perceptions of external procedural justice in police–citizen interactions. Results indicated officers rated themselves very highly on the levels of external procedural justice they demonstrated with the public. Officers rated their supervisors highest in the interpersonal justice dimension of organizational justice. Surprisingly, no significant associations emerged between any of the four dimensions of organizational justice and external procedural justice. The findings of this study were inconsistent with the majority of extant research which found that organizational justice correlates with and predicts external procedural justice. This study indicated that officers may overestimate their own utilization of external procedural justice. In addition, it suggests the four dimensions of organizational justice may not predict external procedural justice and raises questions regarding the relationship between these two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Andina de Educación is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Access to medicines is one of the biggest challenges to health systems, affecting society and individuals. This study aims to explore citizens' opinions, perceptions and attitudes on the model of medicines' research and development (R&D) and price setting of medicines reimbursed by the Italian National Health Service. Materials and Methods: We run four online focus groups, analysed through thematic analysis. Inclusion criteria: people aged 30–70 years, who had completed at least compulsory schooling (8–10 years), with no specialised knowledge about the subject. Exclusion criteria: healthcare workers, pharmaceutical and device industry employees, researchers and medicine policy board members. We aimed to include a purposive sample of 20 participants, variable in terms of age, educational level and place of residence. Results: Eleven women and six men participated. The mean age was 53 years (range: 28–73). Most (n = 15) had a university degree or attended secondary schools. Eight had a job, five were not employed, and four were retired. In general, participants supported the role of the public health service. Almost all had limited knowledge of medicines' R&D and price setting. Most asked for transparency on medicine prices and negotiation criteria. Participants considered revenues of pharmaceutical companies disproportionate and most called for containment measures of profits. Most were in favour of a stronger public intervention in R&D and prices' negotiations. Few were sceptical of the public sector's ability to play this role. Discussion: Medicines' prices were discussed as a health matter. Increasing citizens' awareness of these topics is needed by providing spaces and conditions to participate in the discussion, including different perspectives and interests. Patient or Public Contribution: Members of BEUC—the European consumer organisation—proposed the project. Altroconsumo, an independent consumer organisation and OCU, a Spanish consumer organisation, participated in developing the project and the main topics to discuss. The Mario Negri Institute and Aplica cooperative—the Spanish methodological team—were involved by BEUC and their national organisations to define the methodology, organisational aspects and contents and conducted the focus groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Education / Socialinis Ugdymas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A modern citizen cannot ignore the factor of cyberspace for his self-identification and definition of political values. The purpose of the research is to study the impact of artificial intelligence on the state and political digital sphere of citizen activity. The methodological basis is SWOT analysis, comparative analysis. The principles of the functional approach, which separates the concepts of «state» and «political», were used. It has been proven that digital actions are rather contradictory elements of communication - they have both a collective and an individual beginning. The main digital phenomena are analyzed. So, a citizen has his own digital graphic logo-a virtual embodiment of a person, which represents his image and the most significant features of character, features of individual digital actions. The emergence of digital «virtual politicians» and «virtual government officials» is also directly related to artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI). However, various digital logos are able to absorb the political interface-the set of collective and standardized digital actions that a citizen must perform if he or she seeks to remain part of a certain political community and networked communication space. The assumption that Shi technologies contribute to the establishment of control over the citizen rather than increasing his political rights is substantiated. The broad practice of using Shi in the diplomatic, geopolitical sphere, and in the field of state security has been revealed; state institutions, government electronic institutions and institutions. Shi was much less used in party and public work. Thus, among the strengths we can single out: creation of convenient communication between users and representatives of authorities; simplified navigation through government portals; processing thousands of requests from citizens per day; support of the election process. Shi’s weaknesses in this area include the risks of data leakage and information security. The threat of introducing Shi into political communication may be the formation of a total «digital inequality» between different groups of citizens, the use of Big Data techniques for manipulative purposes. Shi’s hypothetical potential for the citizen is to create a new type of digital democracy where the government will take into account the voice of every person. The digital graphic logo of a citizen can be seen in the assignment of personal identification numbers and codes, which are necessary for personalization on virtual resources and transactions. At that time, the political interface keeps the digital logos of citizens in a single information field of the digital polis through the standardization of digital actions and user functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute / Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1858 a series of essays titled Manly Health and Training made their appearance in the New York Atlas, written by Walt Whitman under the penname of Mose Velsor. The professed goal was to discuss suggestions and ideas to improve the general physical condition of its readers. Whitman regarded this as a necessary condition to match America’s democratic character. Indeed, from reading his guide we can see how for him the health of the body politic is dependent on the health and physical vigour of its citizens. In typical Whitman fashion, the essays address a multitude of topics other than the usual issues expected of a fitness manual. Besides the customary issues of diet and exercise, he also talks politics, morality, the weather, longevity, Greek athleticism, hygiene habits. This article will focus on Whitman’s thoughts about the physical standards he believed the American people ought to meet to sustain American democracy, link this with Whitman’s view of Ulysses Grant as an example of the ‘ideal’ American citizen and also venture why he was so understanding towards the latter during his troubled presidency.

The paper discusses the findings of a doctoral research project about the relation between accountability and the climate of service in Israeli public organizations. It used a quantitative approach and targeted a number of 2798 respondents. The research population included managers and employees from six public organizations from Israel in autumn 2018l. The final sample comprised 1036 valid questionnaires. The four hypothesis related to the topic were validated, and a positive correlation was found between accountability and service climate. It should be noted that the organization's “general accountability” showed weak correlation with “service climate”. The conclusions point out that accountability of public organizations and of their employees is perceived as an important factor for enhancing the service climate in the public organizations, for increasing the citizen's confidence and creating public system fairness.

This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information.

The digitalization of Public Administration is a subject of great importance in the context of modern societies, both for the authorities and for the beneficiaries of public services, in this case, the citizens. This process involves the transition from traditional methods to the use of digital technologies to improve the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of public services. Romania’s journey in the digitalization of the Public Sector has been a topic of interest in recent years. In general, our country has taken significant steps towards the modernization of Public Administration by introducing digital solutions. The Government and the Private Sector have invested in information technology to improve public services, education and the business environment. E-Government leads to the development of smart cities and contributes to increasing the quality of life, and when the processes are integrated correctly, multiple benefits can occur. However, there are also challenges for Public Administration, such as uneven access to technology between urban and rural environments. Digitalization continues to be a priority in many areas, with a focus on innovations such as artificial intelligence, cyber security and emerging technologies.

Abstract Individuals of the general public can perform both consumer and citizen roles in farm animal welfare, and attitudes toward farm animal welfare may differ between these roles. However, scant research is available regarding this distinction, especially in developing countries such as China. The present study aimed to explore consumer-citizen gaps in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare across three dimensions and across demographic characteristics. A 36-item scale was designed, and completed by 5284 Chinese participants in a large-scale cross-sectional survey. Consumer-citizen gaps in attitudes toward farm animal welfare across three dimensions and demographic characteristics were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and effects of demographic characteristics on attitudes were further explored by linear regression analysis. A significant consumer-citizen gap was found in overall attitudes, although the consumer role was only slightly more positive than the citizen role. The consumer-citizen gap is driven by differences in both cognitive attitudes and behavioral attitudes. The gap is most pronounced in cognitive attitudes, where the consumer role is significantly more positive, and smaller in behavioral attitudes, where the citizen role is significantly more positive. The consumer-citizen gap varies significantly among different demographic groups, including gender, age, education, monthly household income, area of residence, and occupation. Additionally, education, monthly household income, and area of residence have significant effects on attitudes in the dual role, whereas gender only affect consumer-role attitudes significantly. The findings provide evidence that consumer-citizen gaps in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare exist, and this distinction is mainly determined by demographic characteristics.

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The digitalization of Public Administration is a subject of great importance in the context of modern societies, both for the authorities and for the beneficiaries of public services, in this case, the citizens. This process involves the transition from traditional methods to the use of digital technologies to improve the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of public services. Romania's journey in the digitalization of the Public Sector has been a topic of interest in recent years. In general, our country has taken significant steps towards the modernization of Public Administration by introducing digital solutions. The Government and the Private Sector have invested in information technology to improve public services, education and the business environment. E-Government leads to the development of smart cities and contributes to increasing the quality of life, and when the processes are integrated correctly, multiple benefits can occur. However, there are also challenges for Public Administration, such as uneven access to technology between urban and rural environments. Digitalization continues to be a priority in many areas, with a focus on innovations such as artificial intelligence, cyber security and emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How the reciprocal rights and responsibilities of citizens and the government are one of the most essential topics in the social sciences and politics, particularly in contemporary societies. Parallel to the transformation of political and social structures in societies and the emergence of the modern government, the concept of citizenship and the role of the citizen as one of the most crucial social elements in the modern society, as well as the political and social rights and reciprocal responsibilities of the government and citizens, became the focus of social scientists and political philosophers. In this regard, we will analyze the issue of citizenship from the perspectives of Alasdair MacIntyre and John Rawls as representatives of the two approaches, collectivism and liberalism, and compare Farabi's views to these. Farabi's formulation of relations draws people from Medina with the concept of “Ahal al-Madina.” The comparative study of the terms “citizenship” and “citizen” allows for a more accurate comprehension of the relationships between individuals in civil life. In this study, a descriptive, analytic, and comparative investigation of the fundamental components of the concept of citizenship and its related dimensions in the thought of Farabi, Alasdair MacIntyre, and John Rawls has been undertaken. The findings of this study indicate that Rawls and McIntyre have profoundly different views on the framework of the concept of citizenship. However, in certain aspects, such as the priority of the public good over individual rights and interests, Farabi’s and McIntyre’s ideas are similar and closely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a comparative analysis between urban and rural areas concerning the magnitude or intensity with which the constructs are related to expected quality-perceived quality-perceived value as influencing aspects in the level of satisfaction and citizen loyalty in three dimensions: Territorial planning and roads; provision of municipal services and environmental management. This research used the PLS software applying the ACSI model in the 5-hypothesis approach. A questionnaire was delivered to a sample population of 428 citizens in the rural area of Tenguel and 521 citizens in the urban area of Tarqui in the city of Guayaquil. The statistical result shows significant differences in citizen perception between urban and rural populations about the quality of public services, which determines satisfaction and loyalty in choosing the place of residence. Through a multi-group analysis, the main differences in the perception of the quality of services between rural citizens and urban citizens have been identified. These findings are essential for public policy design to improve the territory's satisfaction, well-being, and people's sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Civilized Knowledge for the Citizen," written by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Afet Inan and Recep Peker in 1930, is one of the major source for the Republic of Turkey regarding political, legal, economic, and fiscal aspects. This work, which consists of Atatürk's notes, collections, correspondence, and speeches, is an instructive resource on civics. The study aims to evaluate the sections of the book related to public finance, taking into account the conditions and developments of the period. Moreover, we aimed to decrypt the effects of Atatürk's ideas and scripts on the fiscal rules, principles, and motto of the Republic of Turkey on the work. The importance of the study in this respect is to analyze the developments in public finance during the years of the National Independence War and Foundation from a primary source. The analysis shows that the national sensitivities, struggles for independence, and freedom of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the founding staff of the Turkish Republic were also reflected in the fiscal policy of the period. Finally, word frequency analysis of the tax, budget, and fiscal sections related to public finance in the Civilized Knowledge for the Citizen is made. As a consequence of the analysis, we see that the principles of public finance and Atatürk's thoughts are reflected in the frequency of words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]