24 results on '"CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G."'
Search Results
2. Effect of growth hormone, prolactin and insulin on the release of IL-1 alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-4 by staphylococcal enterotoxin A-stimulated splenocytes
- Author
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GALDIERO M, DONNARUMMA, Giovanna, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO G, MARCATILI A, SCARFOGLIERO P, SOMMESE, Linda, Galdiero, M, Donnarumma, Giovanna, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G, Marcatili, A, Scarfogliero, P, and Sommese, Linda
- Subjects
Male ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,DNA, Complementary ,T-Lymphocytes ,Lymphocyte Activation ,immune response ,Prolactin ,Enterotoxins ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,staphylococcal enterotoxin A ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Growth Hormone ,Animals ,Insulin ,Interleukin-4 ,RNA, Messenger ,Cells, Cultured ,Spleen ,Interleukin-1 - Abstract
The regulation by peptide hormones (Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Insulin) of cytokine secretion by splenocytes stimulated with Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A was studied. Growth hormone increases the release of IFN-gamma from splenocytes stimulated with Enterotoxin A by 50% but considerably decreases IL-1 alpha release by 93%. Prolactin decreases the release of IL-1 alpha by 80%, but has no significant effects on IFN-gamma release. Insulin causes a 50% decrease in IFN-gamma and 95% decrease in IL-1 alpha. IL-4 release was not changed. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of an interesting function for these endocrine peptides which expands their range of biologic activities within the immune system.
- Published
- 1995
3. Effect of irradiation doses on alterations in cytokine release by monocytes and lynphocytes
- Author
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GALDIERO, Massimiliano, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO G., FOLGORE A., CAPPELLO M., GIOBBE A., SASSO F. S., Galdiero, Massimiliano, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G., Folgore, A., Cappello, M., Giobbe, A., and Sasso, F. S.
- Published
- 1994
4. Human monocytes and gingival fibroblast release TNF-a, IL-1a and IL-6 by particulate and soluble fractions of Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Author
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ROSSANO, FABIO, RIZZO A., SANGES M. R., CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO G., TUFANO M. A., Rossano, Fabio, Rizzo, A., Sanges, M. R., CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G., and Tufano, M. A.
- Published
- 1993
5. Anesthetic agents induce human mononuclear leukocytes to release cytokines
- Author
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ROSSANO, FABIO, TUFANO R., CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO G., SERVILLO, GIUSEPPE, BARONI A., TUFANO M. A., Rossano, Fabio, Tufano, R., CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G., Servillo, Giuseppe, Baroni, A., and Tufano, M. A.
- Published
- 1992
6. Protein A and other surface components of Staphyloccoccus aureus stimulate production of IL-1 alpha, IL-4,IL-6,TNF and IFN-gamma
- Author
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TUFANO M. A., CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO G., IANNIELLO R., GALDIERO F., GALDIERO, Massimiliano, Tufano, M. A., CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G., Ianniello, R., Galdiero, Massimiliano, and Galdiero, F.
- Published
- 1991
7. Growth hormone modulates IL- and IFN- release by murine splenocytes activated by LPS or porins of Salmonella Typhimurium
- Author
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SOMMESE, L., primary, DONNARUMMA, G., additional, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G., additional, MARCATILI, A., additional, VITIELLO, M., additional, and GALDIERO, M., additional
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Correlation between changes in surface hydrophobicity and interaction of Streptococcus pyogenes with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after prolonged starvation in sea water
- Author
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Galdiero, E, primary, Marcatili, A, additional, Donnarumma, G, additional, de Martino, L, additional, and Cipollaro de L'Ero, G, additional
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Anesthetic Agents Induce Human Mononuclear Leucocytes to Release Cytokines
- Author
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Rossano, F., primary, Tufano, R., additional, Cipollaro de L'Ero, G., additional, Servillo, G., additional, Baroni, A., additional, and Tufano, M. A., additional
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effect of transforming growth factor beta on experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice.
- Author
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Galdiero, M, Marcatili, A, Cipollaro de l'Ero, G, Nuzzo, I, Bentivoglio, C, Galdiero, M, and Romano Carratelli, C
- Abstract
We have investigated the effect of the in vivo administration of recombinant transforming growth factor beta (rTGF-beta) on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Salmonella typhimurium experimental infection in mice. The protective response elicited by macrophages was induced by rTGF-beta1 by 2 days after experimental infection, as demonstrated by an increased NO production, while the humoral protective effect began with cytokine mRNA expression 2 days after the challenge and continued after 5 days with cytokine release and lymphocyte activation. We demonstrated that all mice who received rTGF-beta1 survived 7 days after infection. The number of bacteria recovered in the spleens and in the livers of rTGF-beta1-treated mice 2 and 5 days after infection was significantly smaller than that found in the same organs after phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) inoculation. Furthermore, 2 and 5 days after infection, splenic macrophages from rTGF-beta1-treated mice showed a greater NO production than did those from PBS-treated mice. The effect of rTGF-beta1 on S. typhimurium infection in mice was correlated with the expression of cell costimulatory CD28 molecules. Five days after S. typhimurium infection, the percentage of CD28(+)-expressing T cells in splenic lymphocytes from rTGF-beta1-treated mice increased with respect to that from control mice. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA was present in a greater amount in spleen cells from rTGF-beta1-treated mice after 2 days, although the intensity of the band decreased 5 days after the challenge. A similar pattern was obtained with the mRNAs for interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-6, TGF-beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which showed greater expression in cells obtained from rTGF-beta1-treated and S. typhimurium-infected mice 2 days after challenge. The treatment with rTGF-beta1 induced an increase in IL-1alpha and IFN-gamma release in the supernatant of splenocyte cultures 5 days after the experimental infection with S. typhimurium. Moreover, we demonstrated that 5 days after infection, the IFN-gamma titer was significantly greater in the sera of rTGF-beta-treated mice than in those of PBS-treated mice. Also, hsp60 showed greater expression 2 days after the challenge in splenocytes from rTGF-beta1-treated mice. The role played by proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and by CD28 is discussed.
- Published
- 1999
11. Th1 and Th2 cell involvement in immune response to Salmonella typhimurium porins
- Author
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L. De Martino, Marilena Galdiero, G. Cipollaro De L'ero, I. Nuzzo, Mariateresa Vitiello, A Marcatili, Galdiero, Massimiliano, DE MARTINO, L, Marcatili, A, Nuzzo, I, Vitiello, M, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G., Galdiero, M, DE MARTINO, Luisa, and Cipollaro de l'Ero, G.
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Salmonella typhimurium ,Blood Bactericidal Activity ,Adoptive cell transfer ,porin ,Immunology ,Cell ,Porins ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,Mice ,Th2 Cells ,Immune system ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,RNA, Messenger ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Salmonella Infections, Animal ,Messenger RNA ,Th1 Cells ,Acquired immune system ,Adoptive Transfer ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,In vitro ,interleukins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,bacteria ,Female ,Antibody ,Research Article - Abstract
In understanding the regulation of the specific immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, the role of a surface major component (porins) was studied. In this study we demonstrate that purified porins are able to induce a different response to that induced by the porins present on the S. typhimurium cell surface. Porin-treated or orally infected mice show anti-porin antibodies with bactericidal activity. The complete adoptive transfer of resistance to S. typhimurium is achieved only using splenic T cells from survivor mice after experimental infection. After stimulation with specific antigen in vitro CD4+ cells from porin-immunized mice released large amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4), at a time when CD4+ cells from S. typhimurium-infected mice predominantly secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with porins resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA from the spleens of infected mice revealed that IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 p40 mRNA were found 5 days after in vitro challenge and increased after 15 days; IL-10 expression was barely present after both 5 and 15 days, while IL-4 mRNA expression was not detected. In immunized mice, the IL-4 mRNA expression increased after 15 days, IFN-gamma mRNA expression disappeared entirely after 15 days, while IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA remained relatively unchanged.
- Published
- 1998
12. Effect of transforming growth factor beta on experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice
- Author
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Immacolata Nuzzo, C. Bentivoglio, Caterina Romano Carratelli, Marilena Galdiero, Antonella Marcatili, Massimiliano Galdiero, Gabriella Cipollaro de l'Ero, Galdiero, Massimiliano, Marcatili, A, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G, Nuzzo, I, Bentivoglio, C, Galdiero, M, and ROMANO CARRATELLI, C.
- Subjects
Salmonella typhimurium ,Ratón ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Spleen ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Nitric Oxide ,Microbiology ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Mice ,Gene interaction ,CD28 Antigens ,In vivo ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,medicine ,Splenocyte ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Salmonella Infections, Animal ,Host Response and Inflammation ,Macrophages ,Chaperonin 60 ,Recombinant Proteins ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cytokine ,Cytokines ,Parasitology ,medicine.symptom ,Nitric Oxide Synthase - Abstract
We have investigated the effect of the in vivo administration of recombinant transforming growth factor β (rTGF-β) on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Salmonella typhimurium experimental infection in mice. The protective response elicited by macrophages was induced by rTGF-β 1 by 2 days after experimental infection, as demonstrated by an increased NO production, while the humoral protective effect began with cytokine mRNA expression 2 days after the challenge and continued after 5 days with cytokine release and lymphocyte activation. We demonstrated that all mice who received rTGF-β 1 survived 7 days after infection. The number of bacteria recovered in the spleens and in the livers of rTGF-β 1 -treated mice 2 and 5 days after infection was significantly smaller than that found in the same organs after phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) inoculation. Furthermore, 2 and 5 days after infection, splenic macrophages from rTGF-β 1 -treated mice showed a greater NO production than did those from PBS-treated mice. The effect of rTGF-β 1 on S. typhimurium infection in mice was correlated with the expression of cell costimulatory CD28 molecules. Five days after S. typhimurium infection, the percentage of CD28 + -expressing T cells in splenic lymphocytes from rTGF-β 1 -treated mice increased with respect to that from control mice. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA was present in a greater amount in spleen cells from rTGF-β 1 -treated mice after 2 days, although the intensity of the band decreased 5 days after the challenge. A similar pattern was obtained with the mRNAs for interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, TGF-β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which showed greater expression in cells obtained from rTGF-β 1 -treated and S. typhimurium -infected mice 2 days after challenge. The treatment with rTGF-β 1 induced an increase in IL-1α and IFN-γ release in the supernatant of splenocyte cultures 5 days after the experimental infection with S. typhimurium . Moreover, we demonstrated that 5 days after infection, the IFN-γ titer was significantly greater in the sera of rTGF-β-treated mice than in those of PBS-treated mice. Also, hsp60 showed greater expression 2 days after the challenge in splenocytes from rTGF-β 1 -treated mice. The role played by proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and by CD28 is discussed.
- Published
- 1999
13. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression in human monocytes stimulated with Salmonella typhimurium porins
- Author
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Galdiero, M., Cipollaro L Ero, G., Giovanna DONNARUMMA, Marcatili, A., Galdiero, F., Galdiero, M, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G, Donnarumma, Giovanna, Marcatili, A, and Galdiero, F.
- Subjects
Salmonella typhimurium ,Transcription, Genetic ,Interleukin-6 ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Porins ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Blotting, Northern ,Monocytes ,inflammatory and immunological responses ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Protein Biosynthesis ,bacteria ,Humans ,RNA ,RNA, Messenger ,Salmonella typhimurium porins ,Research Article ,Interleukin-1 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether Salmonella typhimurium porins can affect the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes. Human monocytes were treated with porins, and total RNAs were analysed by Northern blotting to evaluate the expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in both treated and untreated cell cultures. Porins induced a significant increase in IL-1 and IL-6 transcripts. This increase was related to the dose of porins, and it peaked 5 hr after treatment. The same results were obtained when polymyxin B was added to the porin preparation to eliminate eventual traces of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with porins. The porins-mediated increase in interleukin transcripts did not require de novo protein synthesis, and it was because of the enhanced half-life of IL-1 and IL-6 mRNAs, rather an increased rate of gene transcription. These data suggest that porins may affect inflammatory and immunological responses by enhancing the expression of cytokine genes.
- Published
- 1995
14. Human monocytes and gingival fibroblasts release tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 in response to particulate and soluble fractions of Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Author
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A Rizzo, M. R. Sanges, G. Cipollaro de L'Ero, Fabio Rossano, Maria Antonietta Tufano, Rossano, F, Rizzo, Antonietta, Sanges, Mr, CIPOLLARO DE L'ERO, G, and Tufano, Ma
- Subjects
Clinical Biochemistry ,Gingiva ,Chemical Fractionation ,Bone resorption ,Monocytes ,Prevotella melaninogenica ,Microbiology ,In vivo ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,Humans ,Interleukin 6 ,Cytokine ,Inflammation ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,biology ,Chemistry ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Interleukin ,Fibroblasts ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,Solubility ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Interleukin-1 - Abstract
In this study we provide evidence that structural and soluble components of periodontopathogenic bacteria, such as Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium nucleatum, induce the release of cytokines in vitro known to cause in vivo necrotic inflammatory phenomena and bone resorption (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6). Human monocytes and gingival fibroblasts were cultivated in vitro in the presence of both particulate and soluble bacterial fractions. A dose-dependent production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by monocytes and gingival fibroblasts was observed in the presence of fractions of P. melaninogenica and F. nucleatum. Interleukin-1 alpha was produced in approximately the same quantities in the presence of soluble fractions of either P. melaninogenica or F. nucleatum, but in greater quantities in response to particulate fractions of P. melaninogenica. Monocytes released larger amounts of interleukin-1 alpha (about 3000 pg/ml) than gingival fibroblasts (about 1500 pg/ml). Interleukin-6 was released in greater quantities by monocytes in the presence of the pellet fraction of P. melaninogenica (about 5.5 ng/ml), but gingival fibroblasts released larger amounts of interleukin-6, especially in the presence of particulate and soluble components of F. nucleatum (about 12 ng/ml). The ability to induce the release of these cytokines notably increases the pathogenic potential of the bacteria involved in the damage of periodontal tissue.
- Published
- 1993
15. TNF-α expression and herpes simplex infection in human monocytes treated with growth hormone, prolactin and insulin
- Author
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Cipollaro L Ero, G., Marcatili, A., Folgore, A., Giovanna DONNARUMMA, Petrillo, G., Cipollaro De L'Ero, G, Marcatili, A., Folgore, Antonio, Donnarumma, Giovanna, and Petrillo, G.
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Herpes simplex ,Insulin ,Growth hormone ,Microbiology ,TNF-α expression ,Prolactin - Abstract
We evaluated the in vitro effect of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and insulin treatment of human monocytes on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. GH and PRL increased cell susceptibility to infection which was related to a slight TNF-α expression and release. Insulin had no significant effect. Cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated with PRL showed a lower susceptibility to HSV infection related to a significant increase in TNF-α expression and release. On the contrary, GH and insulin increased the susceptibility to infection of activated cells but did not modify TNF-α expression with respect to cells treated only with hormones.
16. Phagocytosis and killing of Escherichia coli grown in iron excess or iron limiting conditions by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- Author
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Donnarumma, G., Cipollaro L Ero, G., Ianniello, R., Nuzzo, I., Seganti, L., Piera VALENTI, Donnarumma, Giovanna, Cipollaro De L'Ero, G., Ianniello, R., Nuzzo, I., Seganti, L., and Valenti, P.
- Subjects
Phagocytosis, Escherichia coli, grown in iron excess or iron limiting conditions
17. Role of Pasteurella multocida porin on cytokine expression and release by murine splenocytes.
- Author
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Iovane G, Pagnini P, Galdiero M, Cipollaro de l'Ero G, Vitiello M, D'Isanto M, and Marcatili A
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytokines genetics, Interleukin-1 biosynthesis, Interleukin-1 genetics, Interleukin-10 biosynthesis, Interleukin-10 genetics, Interleukin-6 biosynthesis, Interleukin-6 genetics, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Spleen drug effects, Spleen microbiology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Cytokines biosynthesis, Pasteurella multocida, Porins pharmacology, Spleen metabolism
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether Pasteurella multocida porin can affect the expression and release of IL-1alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 by murine splenocytes in vitro. P. multocida porin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were able to induce the release of IL-1alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-12 in a dose-dependent fashion. The greatest release of these cytokines was obtained using P. multocida porin at a concentration of 5 microg ml(-1) and LPS at a concentration of 1 microg ml(-1). The time-courses of release showed that P. multocida LPS was able to stimulate the production of IL-1alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-12 earlier than porin and at a greater rate. No effect was observed on IL-4 and IL-10 release under the same experimental conditions. P. multocida porin and LPS were also able to up-regulate the mRNA expression of IL-1alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40. Our findings suggest that P. multocida porin is able to modulate inflammatory and immunological responses by affecting the release of several cytokines and the expression of their genes.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. TNF-alpha expression and herpes simplex infection in human monocytes treated with growth hormone, prolactin and insulin.
- Author
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Cipollaro de L'Ero G, Marcatili A, Folgore A, Donnarumma G, and Petrillo G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cells, Cultured, Chlorocebus aethiops, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Monocytes metabolism, Monocytes virology, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sheep, Swine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Vero Cells, Viral Plaque Assay, Growth Hormone pharmacology, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Insulin pharmacology, Monocytes drug effects, Prolactin pharmacology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism
- Abstract
We evaluated the in vitro effect of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and insulin treatment of human monocytes on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. GH and PRL increased cell susceptibility to infection which was related to a slight TNF-alpha expression and release. Insulin had no significant effect. Cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated with PRL showed a lower susceptibility to HSV infection related to a significant increase in TNF-alpha expression and release. On the contrary, GH and insulin increased the susceptibility to infection of activated cells but did not modify TNF-alpha expression with respect to cells treated only with hormones.
- Published
- 1998
19. Th1 and Th2 cell involvement in immune response to Salmonella typhimurium porins.
- Author
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Galdiero M, De Martino L, Marcatili A, Nuzzo I, Vitiello M, and Cipollaro de l'Ero G
- Subjects
- Adoptive Transfer, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial biosynthesis, Blood Bactericidal Activity, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cytokines biosynthesis, Cytokines genetics, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger genetics, Salmonella Infections, Animal prevention & control, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Porins immunology, Salmonella typhimurium immunology, Th1 Cells immunology, Th2 Cells immunology
- Abstract
In understanding the regulation of the specific immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, the role of a surface major component (porins) was studied. In this study we demonstrate that purified porins are able to induce a different response to that induced by the porins present on the S. typhimurium cell surface. Porin-treated or orally infected mice show anti-porin antibodies with bactericidal activity. The complete adoptive transfer of resistance to S. typhimurium is achieved only using splenic T cells from survivor mice after experimental infection. After stimulation with specific antigen in vitro CD4+ cells from porin-immunized mice released large amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4), at a time when CD4+ cells from S. typhimurium-infected mice predominantly secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with porins resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA from the spleens of infected mice revealed that IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 p40 mRNA were found 5 days after in vitro challenge and increased after 15 days; IL-10 expression was barely present after both 5 and 15 days, while IL-4 mRNA expression was not detected. In immunized mice, the IL-4 mRNA expression increased after 15 days, IFN-gamma mRNA expression disappeared entirely after 15 days, while IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA remained relatively unchanged.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression in human monocytes stimulated with Salmonella typhimurium porins.
- Author
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Galdiero M, Cipollaro de L'ero G, Donnarumma G, Marcatili A, and Galdiero F
- Subjects
- Blotting, Northern, Cell Culture Techniques, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Interleukin-1 metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Porins pharmacology, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, Transcription, Genetic, Interleukin-1 genetics, Interleukin-6 genetics, Monocytes immunology, Porins immunology, Salmonella typhimurium immunology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether Salmonella typhimurium porins can affect the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes. Human monocytes were treated with porins, and total RNAs were analysed by Northern blotting to evaluate the expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in both treated and untreated cell cultures. Porins induced a significant increase in IL-1 and IL-6 transcripts. This increase was related to the dose of porins, and it peaked 5 hr after treatment. The same results were obtained when polymyxin B was added to the porin preparation to eliminate eventual traces of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with porins. The porins-mediated increase in interleukin transcripts did not require de novo protein synthesis, and it was because of the enhanced half-life of IL-1 and IL-6 mRNAs, rather an increased rate of gene transcription. These data suggest that porins may affect inflammatory and immunological responses by enhancing the expression of cytokine genes.
- Published
- 1995
21. Effects of irradiation doses on alterations in cytokine release by monocytes and lymphocytes.
- Author
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Galdiero M, Cipollaro de l'Ero G, Folgore A, Cappello M, Giobbe A, and Sasso FS
- Subjects
- Cell Survival radiation effects, Concanavalin A pharmacology, Humans, Interleukin-1 metabolism, Kinetics, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Lymphocytes drug effects, Monocytes drug effects, Radiation Dosage, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Lymphocytes metabolism, Lymphocytes radiation effects, Monocytes metabolism, Monocytes radiation effects
- Abstract
We evaluated the effect of increasing doses of gamma-irradiation on the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from lymphocytes, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from monocytes. The most radiosensitive populations were the T lymphocytes which release IL-4 and IFN-gamma after irradiation alone. This release increased when the cells were activated by polyclonal activators such as Concanavalin A (Con A). Monocytes irradiated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released TNF-alpha with values near those of the control cells. Con A produced no effect. The release of IL-1 beta decreased as the irradiation dose was increased, while stimulation with LPS and Con A caused a greater IL-1 beta increase after small irradiation doses. The results obtained show that minimum doses of irradiation can induce significant alterations in an amplified and unbalanced immunologic response through release of cytokines.
- Published
- 1994
22. Human monocytes and gingival fibroblasts release tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 in response to particulate and soluble fractions of Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium nucleatum.
- Author
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Rossano F, Rizzo A, Sanges MR, Cipollaro de L'Ero G, and Tufano MA
- Subjects
- Chemical Fractionation, Fibroblasts metabolism, Gingiva cytology, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Interleukin-1 metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Solubility, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Fusobacterium physiology, Gingiva metabolism, Gram-Negative Bacteria physiology, Monocytes metabolism
- Abstract
In this study we provide evidence that structural and soluble components of periodontopathogenic bacteria, such as Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium nucleatum, induce the release of cytokines in vitro known to cause in vivo necrotic inflammatory phenomena and bone resorption (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6). Human monocytes and gingival fibroblasts were cultivated in vitro in the presence of both particulate and soluble bacterial fractions. A dose-dependent production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by monocytes and gingival fibroblasts was observed in the presence of fractions of P. melaninogenica and F. nucleatum. Interleukin-1 alpha was produced in approximately the same quantities in the presence of soluble fractions of either P. melaninogenica or F. nucleatum, but in greater quantities in response to particulate fractions of P. melaninogenica. Monocytes released larger amounts of interleukin-1 alpha (about 3000 pg/ml) than gingival fibroblasts (about 1500 pg/ml). Interleukin-6 was released in greater quantities by monocytes in the presence of the pellet fraction of P. melaninogenica (about 5.5 ng/ml), but gingival fibroblasts released larger amounts of interleukin-6, especially in the presence of particulate and soluble components of F. nucleatum (about 12 ng/ml). The ability to induce the release of these cytokines notably increases the pathogenic potential of the bacteria involved in the damage of periodontal tissue.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Antimicrobial agents induce monocytes to release IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and TNF, and induce lymphocytes to release IL-4 and TNF tau.
- Author
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Tufano MA, Cipollaro de l'Ero G, Ianniello R, Baroni A, and Galdiero F
- Subjects
- Humans, Interferon Inducers pharmacology, Interferon-gamma drug effects, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Interleukin-1 metabolism, Interleukin-4 metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Lymphocytes metabolism, Lymphokines drug effects, Monocytes metabolism, Monokines drug effects, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha drug effects, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Lymphocytes drug effects, Lymphokines metabolism, Monocytes drug effects, Monokines metabolism
- Abstract
Evaluation was carried out on the action of different antibiotics on the release of cytokines. Experiments were done in vitro on monocytes and on human lymphocytes. Results show that the majority of the antibiotics tested are able to induce the release of one or more cytokines from their respective producing cells. Among the beta-lactams the most active were the cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefamandol, ceftazidin, and a sulbactam-ampicillin combination) in inducing the release of TNF, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 from monocytes, and releasing IL-4 and IFN-tau from lymphocytes. The sulbactam-ampicillin combination and cefamandole were extremely active in the production of IFN-tau. Among the lincosamides, clindamycine notably stimulated the release of TNF and IL-6, while lincomycine induced a notable increment of IL-4 from monocytes. Teicoplanin is a very strong inducer of TNF, IL-1 alpha and IL-6.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Protein A and other surface components of Staphylococcus aureus stimulate production of IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6, TNF and IFN-gamma.
- Author
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Tufano MA, Cipollaro de l'Ero G, Ianniello R, Galdiero M, and Galdiero F
- Subjects
- Humans, Lymphocytes drug effects, Lymphocytes metabolism, Monocytes drug effects, Monocytes metabolism, Muramic Acids pharmacology, Interferon-gamma biosynthesis, Interleukins biosynthesis, Staphylococcal Protein A metabolism, Staphylococcus aureus metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis
- Abstract
Studies were carried out on the ability of protein A (PA) and of muramic acid (MA) from S. aureus to induce the release of cytokines both from monocytes and lymphocytes in vitro. Results show that protein A induces the greatest activity, compared to the activity already known for the theicoic acid (TA) and for muramyl dipeptide (MDP). At concentration of 10 micrograms/ml; PA induces roughly +180% release of TNF with respect to controls, while release of IL-1 alpha is about 500% control values, and is higher than those obtained when cells are treated with TA and MDP; IL-6 release is higher than that stimulated by Con A, used as standard challenge. At PA concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml, IL-4 release is about five times higher than that induced by Con A. Release of IFN-gamma showed similar dose-dependent stimulations. Muramic acid (MA) is particularly active in inducing the release of cytokines from target cells, inducing TNF release of about +75% with respect to the controls. This increase is less than that obtained with PA. Also IL-4 and IFN-gamma are released by PA in quantities higher than those induced by TA and MDP. Our results lead us to believe that during infections by Gram-positive bacteria, their surface components are able to induce a series of chain reactions ranging from the inflammatory to the immunologic responses which are also conditioned by release of cytokines.
- Published
- 1991
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