615 results on '"CHLOROPHYLLE"'
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2. À LA RACINE DE L'ENRACINEMENT WEILIEN - L'ARBRE COMME SYMBOLE RÉEL.
- Author
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ZYKA, Christine
- Subjects
LIVING conditions ,SUFFERING ,PHILOSOPHERS ,SIGNS & symbols ,EQUILIBRIUM - Abstract
Copyright of Comprendre: Revista Catalana de Filosofía is the property of Herder Editorial S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
3. STOMATIC CONDUCTANCE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT INDEX AND LEAF AREA OF SOME BEANS LOCAL CULTIVARS FROM NORTH-EAST OF ROMANIA, UNDER SALT STRESS.
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Beatrice-Alexandra, MODIGA, Mihaela, COVAŞĂ, Cristina, SLABU, Alina Elena, MARTA, and Carmenica Doina, JITĂREANU
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,GENOTYPES ,PLANT transpiration ,STRESS tolerance (Psychology) ,PLANT growth promoting substances - Abstract
Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
4. Regulation of growth and physiological traits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through various levels of 28-homobrassinolide under salt stress conditions.
- Author
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Ahmad, Husain, Hayat, Sikandar, Ali, Muhammad, Ghani, Muhammad Imran, and Cheng Zhihui
- Subjects
CUCUMBERS ,PLANT growth ,PLANT physiology ,PLANT hormones ,EFFECT of salt on plants - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Chlorophyll.
- Author
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Klaproth, Anne, Najdanova, Maria, Minceva, Mirjana, Sicker, Dieter, Siehl, Hans‐Ullrich, Zeller, Klaus‐Peter, and Berger, Stefan
- Abstract
Chlorophyll exists since ca. 3 billion years and is at begin of the evolution. This chiral, green Mg-porphyrin-complex absorbs as a photosensitizer in the antennas of the light-harvesting complexes of chloroplasts all parts of visible light except of green light. This energy is transferred to the reaction centres of oxygenic photosynthesis. By this redox reaction carbon dioxide and water are transformed into carbohydrates and oxygen. We describe how the structures of chlorophylls were elucidated, discuss structure-property relations, the relationship to heme of blood, everyday uses, and how Green has influenced our language. The isolation of pure chlorophyll a from spinach is an experimental challenge, which we report in detail. All analytical spectra were recorded and are reproduced and interpreted either in the main part or in the supporting information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
6. EFFECT OF AMBIENT LEVELS OF OZONE ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMPONENTS AND RADICAL SCAVENGING SYSTEM IN LEAVES OF AFRICAN COWPEA VARIETIES.
- Author
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TETTEH, R., YAMAGUCHI, M., and IZUTA, T.
- Subjects
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OZONE , *COWPEA varieties , *PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3), a main component of photochemical oxidants, adversely affects not only human health but also vegetation. To clarify the long-term effects of ambient levels of tropospheric ozone (O3) on photosynthetic components and radical scavenging system in the leaves of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), two African varieties, Blackeye and Asontem, were grown in open-top chambers and exposed to filtered air (FA), non-filtered air (NF) or non-filtered air with additional O3 of approximately 50 nl l-1. Ambient levels of O3 significantly reduced chlorophyll concentration, quantum yield and activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), thus contributing to the reduction in net photosynthetic rate at the reproductive growth stage of both varieties; with no significant variety difference in the sensitivity to O3. The O3-induced significant reduction in catalase activity was observed in Blackeye at vegetative and reproductive growth stages; and in Asontem at reproductive growth stage. On the other hand, exposure to O3 significantly increased ascorbate peroxidase activity in Blackeye at reproductive stage and did not significantly affect that in Blackeye at vegetative growth stage and that in Asontem at both growth stages. At reproductive growth stage, activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase were significantly increased by the exposure to O3 in both varieties. The results obtained in this study suggest that, although ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase played important roles in scavenging O3-induced reactive oxygen species in the leaves, radical scavenging ability of these enzymes is not sufficient to avoid detrimental effects of ambient levels of O3 on photosynthesis in both African cowpea varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
7. Influence of hemlock woolly adelgid infestation on the physiological and reflectance characteristics of eastern hemlock.
- Author
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Williams, Justin P., Hanavan, Ryan P., Rock, Barrett N., Minocha, Subhash C., and Linder, Ernst
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HEMLOCK woolly adelgid , *CHLOROPHYLL , *PHOTOSYSTEMS , *FLUORESCENCE ,EASTERN hemlock diseases & pests - Abstract
The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) ( Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect in the eastern United States. Since its initial detection in Richmond, Virginia, in 1951, HWA has spread to half of the eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) natural range. Detection of early infestation symptoms via remote sensing requires the knowledge of the changes in reflectance resulting from physiological changes in the host as inflicted by the insect and the selection of equipment with the appropriate sensor characteristics. Laboratory-based reflectance measurements of infested and non-infested hemlock foliage collected from four sites in southern New Hampshire and Maine occurred biweekly over 6 months in 2012 and weekly over 5 weeks in 2013. Vegetation indices (red edge inflection point (REIP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), moisture stress index (MSI), and near infrared (NIR) 3/1 ratio) were associated with concurrent chlorophyll and moisture content data. Infested first-year foliage contained greater concentrations of chlorophyll and moisture, resulting in reduced visible spectral reflectance, greater REIP and NDVI values, and lower MSI and NIR 3/1 values than non-infested foliage. Furthermore, fluorescence measurements indicated greater photosystem function during the early stages of infestation, suggesting a possible compensatory response by hemlock to infestation. Significant differences in reflectance between infested and non-infested foliage were observed in late June and July in the weeks immediately following HWA settlement on new growth. Implementing these observations during remote sensing mission planning may increase the likelihood of detecting early HWA infestation symptoms at landscape scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
8. Assessment of factual measurement times for chlorophyll-a fluorescence in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) clones
- Author
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Nur Cahyo, Andi, Murti, Rudi Hari, Putra, Eka T.S., Nuringtyas, Tri Rini, Fabre, Denis, Montoro, Pascal, Nur Cahyo, Andi, Murti, Rudi Hari, Putra, Eka T.S., Nuringtyas, Tri Rini, Fabre, Denis, and Montoro, Pascal
- Abstract
Chlorophyll-a fluorescence is widely used to determine the stress tolerance levels of some plant species. Measurement of chlorophyll-a fluorescence is accurate if the duration of dark adaptation is well defined and optimal Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry/photosynthesis) is achieved. Leaf clips are usually used to darken the leaf prior to measurement. This procedure takes time and limits the use of chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameter in high-throughput screening of genetic populations. This study aimed to determine the most suitable time for the chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurement. This study was carried out on several rubbers (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) clones and consisted of two steps. The first step was conducting the measurements at five different times at night: at 7.30, 8.00, 8.30, 9.00, and 9.30 p.m. The second step was conducting the measurements at daytime, which consisted of two factors. The first factor was the measurement time, which was divided into two categories: 7.30 a.m. and 1.30 p.m. The second factor was the duration of dark adaptation using leaf clips, which consisted of nine levels: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min. Additional treatment (measurement at 9.00 p.m. without using leaf clips to darken the leaf) was used as a control. This study revealed that a dark adaptation time of two hours after the sunset was long enough for the rubber leaves chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient to be measured without using leaf clips for the dark adaptation. If the measurement is conducted by 7.30 a.m., the clone RRIM 600, GT1, and SP 217 required 15 min of dark adaptation, whereas clone PB 260 required 60 min of dark adaptation. Furthermore, measurement of chlorophyll-a fluorescence in the afternoon is not recommended due to the potentially high microclimate fluctuation.
- Published
- 2021
9. Assessment of factual measurement times for chlorophyll-a fluorescence in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) clones
- Author
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Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, Rudi Hari Murti, Denis Fabre, Tri Rini Nuringtyas, Pascal Montoro, and Andi Nur Cahyo
- Subjects
Chlorophyll a ,QH301-705.5 ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Plant Science ,Photosynthesis ,Performance index ,Fluorescence ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Obscurité ,Natural rubber ,Mesure ,Chlorophylle ,Résistance physiologique au stress ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,Chemistry ,chlorophyll a fluorescence, dark adaptation, fv/fm, hevea brasiliensis, performance index ,biology.organism_classification ,Physiologie végétale ,Hevea brasiliensis ,Horticulture ,visual_art ,Plant species ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Animal Science and Zoology ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche - Abstract
Cahyo AN, Murti RH, Putra ETS, Nuringtyas TR, Fabre D, Montoro P. 2021. Assessment of factual measurement times for chlorophyll-a fluorescence in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) clones. Biodiversitas 22: 3470-3477. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence is widely used to determine the stress tolerance levels of some plant species. Measurement of chlorophyll-a fluorescence is accurate if the duration of dark adaptation is well defined and optimal Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry/photosynthesis) is achieved. Leaf clips are usually used to darken the leaf prior to measurement. This procedure takes time and limits the use of chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameter in high-throughput screening of genetic populations. This study aimed to determine the most suitable time for the chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurement. This study was carried out on several rubbers (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) clones and consisted of two steps. The first step was conducting the measurements at five different times at night: at 7.30, 8.00, 8.30, 9.00, and 9.30 p.m. The second step was conducting the measurements at daytime, which consisted of two factors. The first factor was the measurement time, which was divided into two categories: 7.30 a.m. and 1.30 p.m. The second factor was the duration of dark adaptation using leaf clips, which consisted of nine levels: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min. Additional treatment (measurement at 9.00 p.m. without using leaf clips to darken the leaf) was used as a control. This study revealed that a dark adaptation time of two hours after the sunset was long enough for the rubber leaves chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient to be measured without using leaf clips for the dark adaptation. If the measurement is conducted by 7.30 a.m., the clone RRIM 600, GT1, and SP 217 required 15 min of dark adaptation, whereas clone PB 260 required 60 min of dark adaptation. Furthermore, measurement of chlorophyll-a fluorescence in the afternoon is not recommended due to the potentially high microclimate fluctuation.
- Published
- 2021
10. Effects of exogenous application of salicylic acid on drought performance of medicinal plant, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim
- Author
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Shengrong Xu, Fengxia Guo, Yuan Chen, Rui Wu, Fusheng Wang, Yanming Jing, Wang Xingzheng, Ruili Ma, and Samuel Anim Okyere
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,Antioxidant ,salicylic acid ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glutathione reductase ,macromolecular substances ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,chlorophyll ,Proline ,sécheresse ,biology ,osmolytes ,drought stress ,food and beverages ,APX ,antioxidative enzyme ,acide salicylique ,Horticulture ,chlorophylle ,chemistry ,enzyme antioxydante ,Chlorophyll ,biology.protein ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,Salicylic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Peroxidase - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) foliar application on Fritillariaprzewalskii under drought stress condition. Plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes, 75-80% control (CK), 60-65% medium stress (M) and 40-45% severe stress (S) of the field capacity and three levels of SA, 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Relative water content (RWC), proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll “a” (Chl a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl b), chlorophyll “a + b” (Chl a + b), carotenoids contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were measured. RWC, soluble carbohydrates, Chl b, Chl a + b, MDA content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were significantly affected by water deprivation without SA. Exogenous SA significantly increased the content of RWC, total leaf soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline and Chl b at moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. MDA content was decreased significantly by exogenous SA. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were also significantly affected by exogenous SA. However, the content of Chl a, Chl a + b, and carotenoids were not significantly affected by exogenous SA., Cette étude a examiné les effets de l’application foliaire d’acide salicylique (AS) sur Fritillariaprzewalskii en condition de sécheresse. Les plantes ont été soumises à trois régimes d’irrigation : 75-80 % comme contrôle (CK), 60-65 % de stress moyen (M) et 40-45 % de stress sévère (S) de la capacité au champ et trois niveaux d’AS : 0,0, 0,5 et 1,0 mM. Les teneurs en eau relative (RWC), en proline, glucides solubles totaux, chlorophylle « a » (Chl a), chlorophylle « b » (Chl b), chlorophylle « a + b » (Chl a + b), teneurs en caroténoïdes et malondialdéhyde (MDA) ont été mesurées, ainsi que les activités de plusieurs enzymes antioxydantes telles que la superoxyde dismutase (SOD), la peroxydase (POD), la catalase (CAT), la glutathion réductase (GR) et l’ascorbate peroxydase (APX). La RWC, les glucides solubles, Chl b, Chl a + b, la teneur en MDA et les activités des enzymes antioxydantes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR et APX) étaient significativement affectées par la privation en eau sans AS. L’AS exogène a considérablement augmenté la teneur en RWC, en glucides solubles dans les feuilles, en proline et en Chl b en déficit hydrique modéré et sévère. Le contenu en MDA a été réduit de manière significative par l’AS exogène. Les activités des enzymes antioxydantes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR et APX) étaient également significativement affectées par les AS exogènes. Cependant, les teneurs en Chl a, Chl a + b et les caroténoïdes n’étaient pas significativement affectées par les AS exogènes.
- Published
- 2019
11. Freezing tolerance assessment for seedlings of three asparagus cultivars grown under controlled conditions.
- Author
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Jaejoon Kim and Wolyn, David J.
- Subjects
ASPARAGUS ,SEEDLINGS ,CHLOROPHYLL ,FRUCTANS ,PROLINE ,SUCROSE ,GLUCOSE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values provide good estimation of the chlorophyll content for Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. Leaves
- Author
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Nur Cahyo, Andi, Murti, Rudi Hari, TS Putra, Eka, Nuringtyas, Tri Rini, Fabre, Denis, Montoro, Pascal, Nur Cahyo, Andi, Murti, Rudi Hari, TS Putra, Eka, Nuringtyas, Tri Rini, Fabre, Denis, and Montoro, Pascal
- Abstract
Measurement of chlorophyll content using destructive methods is not efficient due to a large number of samples, cost, and time needed. Estimationof chlorophyll content by nondestructive methods using handheld chlorophyll meter may be considered to improve efficiency. This research aimed to determine the formula to convert SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values (relative indicator of chlorophyll content) to estimated (absolute) rubber leaves chlorophyll content. Twenty leaves of rubber plant were measured using SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS at the same time to determine SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values. The measured leaves were then collected to determine the chlorophyll content using a standard laboratory procedure. Regression and correlation analyses (among 3 methods) were conducted using SAS v.9 software. The results showed that between SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values were closely correlated, hence both of the devices can substitute each other to estimate rubber leaf chlorophyll content. In addition, the relationship between atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 values with actual chlorophyll content of rubber clone SP 217, PB 260, GT1, and all clones (general) were significant with high coefficient of determination (R2) as well as low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Therefore, by using formula determined in this study, both atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 can be suggested for accurate, fast, and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll content of rubber plant leaf.
- Published
- 2020
13. Photosynthetic pigments estimate diet quality in forage and feces of elk ( Cervus elaphus).
- Author
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Christianson, D. and Creel, S.
- Subjects
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RED deer , *PHOTOSYNTHETIC pigments , *ANIMAL nutrition , *ANIMAL droppings , *FORAGING behavior - Abstract
Understanding the nutritional dynamics of herbivores living in highly seasonal landscapes remains a central challenge in foraging ecology with few tools available for describing variation in selection for dormant versus growing vegetation. Here, we tested whether the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) in forage and feces of elk ( Cervus elaphus L., 1785) were correlated with other commonly used indices of forage quality (digestibility, energy content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and nitrogen content) and diet quality (fecal nitrogen, fecal NDF, and botanical composition of the diet). Photosynthetic pigment concentrations were strongly correlated with nitrogen content, gross energy, digestibility, and NDF of elk forages, particularly in spring. Winter and spring variation in fecal pigments and fecal nitrogen was explained with nearly identical linear models estimating the effects of season, sex, and day-of-spring, although models of fecal pigments were consistently a better fit ( r2adjusted = 0.379-0.904) and estimated effect sizes more precisely than models of fecal nitrogen ( r2adjusted = 0.247-0.773). A positive correlation with forage digestibility, nutrient concentration, and (or) botanical composition of the diet implies fecal photosynthetic pigments may be a sensitive and informative descriptor of diet selection in free-ranging herbivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Spectral subdomains and prior estimation of leaf structure improves PROSPECT inversion on reflectance or transmittance alone
- Author
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Lynsay Spafford, Florian De Boissieu, Guerric Le Maire, Andrew H. MacDougall, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant Program., NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship - Master’s Scholarship and a Dean’s Excellence Award from Memorial University., TOSCA program grant of the French Space Agency (CNES) (HyperTropik/HyperBIO project), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-17-CE32-0001,BioCop,Suivi de la biodiversité tropicale avec les satellites Sentinel-2 du programme Copernicus(2017)
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PROSPECT ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Caroténoïde ,Spectroscopie ,Radiative transfer model ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes ,Spectral line ,Prior information ,Mathematics ,biochemical analysis [EN] ,Leaf spectroscopy ,composé biochimique ,Carotenoid ,Feuille ,Geology ,Chlorophylls ,Reflectivity ,Anatomie végétale ,Biological system ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Biochimie ,Soil Science ,Structure des plantes ,Absorbance ,Leaf structure ,Atmospheric radiative transfer codes ,LMA ,Transmittance ,Réflectance ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Chlorophylle ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Spectroscopy ,s EWT ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Leaf directional-hemispherical optical properties ,Biochemical constituents ,Inversion (meteorology) ,020801 environmental engineering ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,Analyse spectrale - Abstract
International audience; Leaf biochemical and structural traits are vegetation characteristics related to various physiological processes. Taking advantage of the physical relationship between optical properties and leaf biochemistry, field-based spectroscopy has allowed for the rapid estimation of leaf biochemical constituents and repeated non-destructive measurements through time. Leaf constituent retrieval from leaf optical properties following inversion of the physically-based radiative transfer model PROSPECT is now a popular method, but some cases prompt poor retrieval success and this approach requires a strict inversion procedure. We investigated the performances of different inversion procedures for the estimation of leaf constituents, specifically chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, water (EWT), and dry matter (LMA) from >1400 broadleaf samples, including the definition of optimal spectral subdomains, and the use of leaf reflectance or transmittance alone. We also developed a strategy to obtain prior information on the leaf structure parameter (N) in PROSPECT, when only reflectance or transmittance is measured, and examined the influence of this prior information in combination with different inversion procedures. We found that using the full domain of reflectance or transmittance only systematically leads to suboptimal estimation of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, EWT, and LMA, due to either the combined absorption of multiple constituents or inaccurate estimation of the N parameter. Our study confirms that the selection of optimal spectral subdomains leads to improved estimation of all leaf constituents, from 700 to 720 nm for chlorophyll a and b, 520–560 nm for carotenoids, and from 1700 to 2400 nm for EWT and LMA. Prior information on N, computed directly from the spectra, leads to systematic improved estimation of leaf constituents when only reflectance or transmittance is measured, with reductions in normalized root mean square error from 8 to 37%. We strongly recommend using optimal subdomains when inverting PROSPECT to retrieve leaf constituents, and with the availability of only reflectance or transmittance we further recommend the use of prior information on the N parameter.
- Published
- 2021
15. Automatic Detection of Optical Signatures within and around Floating Tonga-Fiji Pumice Rafts Using MODIS, VIIRS, and OLCI Satellite Sensors
- Author
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Christophe E. Menkès, Robert Frouin, Andra Whiteside, Awnesh M. Singh, Cécile Dupouy, Jérôme Lefèvre, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)
- Subjects
Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,PIERRE PONCE ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,ocean color ,remote sensing ,Tonga-Fiji ,pumice rafts ,chlorophyll-a ,Pumice ,TONGA ,Satellite imagery ,14. Life underwater ,CAPTEUR ,lcsh:Science ,FIDJI ,ERUPTION ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,DONNEES SATELLITE ,Pumice raft ,Shoal ,TELEDETECTION SPATIALE ,COULEUR DE L'OCEAN ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,CHLOROPHYLLE A ,Sea surface temperature ,Oceanography ,VOLCAN ,13. Climate action ,Ocean color ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,Geology - Abstract
International audience; An underwater volcanic eruption off the Vava'u island group in Tonga on 7 August 2019 resulted in the creation of floating pumice on the ocean's surface extending over an area of 150 km2. The pumice's far-reaching effects from its origin in the Tonga region to Fiji and the methods of automatic detection using satellite imagery are described, making it possible to track the westward drift of the pumice raft over 43 days. Level 2 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI), and Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) imagery of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, quasi-surface (i.e., Rayleigh-corrected) reflectance,and remote sensing reflectance were used to distinguish consolidated and fragmented rafts as well as discolored and mesotrophic waters. The rafts were detected by a 1 to 3.5°C enhancement in the MODIS-derived "sea surface temperature" due to the emissivity difference of the raft material. Large plumes of discolored waters, characterized by higher satellite reflectance/backscattering of particles in the blue than surrounding waters (and corresponding to either submersed pumice or associated white minerals), were associated with the rafts. The discolored waters had relatively lower chlorophyll-a concentration, but this was artificial, resulting from the higher blue/red reflectance ratio caused by the reflective pumice particles. Mesotrophic waters were scarce in the region of the pumice rafts, presumably due to the absence of phytoplanktonic response to a silicium-rich pumice environment in these tropical oligotrophic environments. As beach accumulations around Pacific islands surrounded by coral shoals are a recurrent phenomenon that finds its origin far east in the ocean along the Tongan trench, monitoring the events from space, as demonstrated for the 7 August 2019 eruption, might help mitigate their potential economic impacts.
- Published
- 2021
16. Mass- and area-based contents in nitrogen, proteins, and chlorophyll within crowns of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) trees located along a temperature gradient.
- Author
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LAROCQUE, Guy R., LAPOINTE, Line, PARÉ, David, BOUTIN, Robert, and LACERTE, Valérie
- Abstract
Copyright of Ecoscience (Ecoscience) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
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17. What can we learn from artificial special pairs?
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Harvey, Pierre D.
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SYSTEMS theory , *PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria , *CHLOROPHYLL spectra , *LIGAND binding (Biochemistry) , *THERMAL analysis - Abstract
Plants and photosynthetic bacteria obtain their energy from sunlight or surrounding radiation. Their photosynthetic membranes are composed of a much elaborated series of antenna molecules based on chlorophylls or bacteriochlorophylls, carotenoids playing multiple roles, various electron transport accessories, and central special pairs. The latter components are the most difficult to mimic with exactitude because the structure−property relationship depends on many factors including interplanar distance, slip angle, substituents, metal, and axial ligand. To this list of factors to control with quasi-perfection, one should also add the thermal activation (i.e., temperature). Over the past 15 years or so (2001-2013), an intensive collaboration with Professor Roger Guilard (Université de Bourgogne, Dijon) dealt with elucidating the role of each parameter to provide the best design of artificial special pairs capable of responding or behaving like the natural special pairs, namely with regards with the antenna effect. The latest feature is one of the defence mechanisms slowing down the rate for the primary electron transfer from the special pair to the electron transport accessories. This review highlights the advances in this challenging area of mimicry of the photophysical events in biological systems, namely the artificial special pairs designed in our laboratory for the antenna processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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18. Enhancement of storability and quality maintenance of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) fruit by using composite edible coating.
- Author
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S. Baraiya, Nilanjana, Ramana Rao, Tadapaneni Venkata, and R. Thakkar, Vasudev
- Abstract
Introduction. Our investigation aimed to examine the influence of eco-friendly edible coatings composed of sodium alginate, olive oil and green tea extract (GTE) on improving the shelf life and nutritional quality of carambola (A. carambola L.). Materials and methods. The combinations and concentrations of composite coatings tested were (2% sodium alginate + 0.1% olive oil) (T1), (2% sodium alginate + 0.2% olive oil) (T2) and (2% sodium alginate + 0.1% olive oil + 0.25% GTE) (T3), while the untreated fruit served as control (T4) and were stored at (25 ± 5) °C and (65 ± 5)% RH. All the stored fruit were subjected to physico-chemical and biochemical analysis at regular intervals of 4 days up to 16 days of their storage period. Results and discussion. Weight loss and decay occurrence were least in the fruit treated with T1 and T2 as compared with those of T3 and uncoated fruit (T4). The contents of total soluble solids, total sugars and changes in pigments were found to be least in fruit treated with T1 followed by those treated with T2 and T3. The addition of GTE (T3) to treated fruit during the storage helped enhance the antioxidants such as total phenols and ascorbic acid. Conclusion. The composite edible coatings tested in our study enhanced the shelf life of coated carambola fruit, i.e., thirteen days for T1, sixteen days for T2, fourteen days for T3 and twelve days for control or untreated fruit (T4); the nutritional quality of carambola was enhanced with the treatment of edible coating containing GTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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19. Estimation of chlorophyll and turbidity using sentinel 2A and EO1 data in Kneiss Archipelago Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia
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Jean Claude Bergès, Rim Katlane, Cécile Dupouy, Boubaker El Kilani, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Multispectral image ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,EAU PEU PROFONDE ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,GABES ,14. Life underwater ,Turbidity ,Image resolution ,TUNISIE ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Pixel ,DONNEES SATELLITE ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Estuary ,QUALITE DE l'EAU ,TURBIDITE ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,6. Clean water ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Chlorophyll ,MILIEU MARIN ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing - Abstract
Multispectral and hyperspectral sensor data of the bio-optical parameters with a high spatial resolution are important for monitoring and mapping of the coastal ecosystems and estuarine areas, such as the Kneiss Islands in the Gulf of Gabes. Sentinel 2 S2A and Hyperion Earth observing-1 (EO1) imaging sensors reflectance data have been used for water quality determination and mapping of turbidity TU and chlorophyll Chl-a in shallow waters. First, we applied a tidal swing area mask based on uncorrelated pixel via 2D scatter plot between 665 nm and 865 nm to eliminate the overestimation of the concentration of water quality parameters due to the effect of the bottom reflection. The processing for mapping and validating Chl-a, Turbidity S2A, and EO1 were performed using a relation between reflectance bands and in situ measurements. Therefore, we were able to validate the performance of the case 2 regional coast colour processor (C2RCC) as well as our region-adapted empirical optical remote sensing algorithms. Turbidity was mapped based on the reflectance of 550 nm band for EO1 (R² = 0.63) and 665 nm band for S2A (R² = 0.70). Chlorophyll was mapped based on (457/528 nm) reflectance ratio (R² = 0.57) for EO1 and (705/665 nm) reflectance ratio (R² = 0.72) for the S2A.
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- 2020
20. SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values provide good estimation of the chlorophyll content for Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. Leaves
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Denis Fabre, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, Pascal Montoro, Andi Nur Cahyo, Tri Rini Nuringtyas, and Rudi Hari Murti
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Chlorophyll content ,Coefficient of determination ,Coefficient of variation ,Instrument de mesure ,Natural rubber ,Mesure ,Chlorophylle ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,spad-502 ,Mathematics ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Chlorophyll meter ,lcsh:S1-972 ,conversion formula ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétales ,Horticulture ,Hevea brasiliensis ,chlorophyll content ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,atleaf chl plus - Abstract
Measurement of chlorophyll content using destructive methods is not efficient due to a large number of samples, cost, and time needed. Estimationof chlorophyll content by nondestructive methods using handheld chlorophyll meter may be considered to improve efficiency. This research aimed to determine the formula to convert SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values (relative indicator of chlorophyll content) to estimated (absolute) rubber leaves chlorophyll content. Twenty leaves of rubber plant were measured using SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS at the same time to determine SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values. The measured leaves were then collected to determine the chlorophyll content using a standard laboratory procedure. Regression and correlation analyses (among 3 methods) were conducted using SAS v.9 software. The results showed that between SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values were closely correlated, hence both of the devices can substitute each other to estimate rubber leaf chlorophyll content. In addition, the relationship between atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 values with actual chlorophyll content of rubber clone SP 217, PB 260, GT1, and all clones (general) were significant with high coefficient of determination (R2) as well as low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Therefore, by using formula determined in this study, both atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 can be suggested for accurate, fast, and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll content of rubber plant leaf.
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- 2020
21. Mise en place de référentiels viticoles pour les cuvées Champagne premium et ultra-premium
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Smit-Sadki, Tara, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre Vinicole Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte, BP 210, 51206 Épernay Cedex, and Alain Deloire
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Anthocyanin ,Chlorophyll ,Berry ,Potentiel aromatique ,Anthocyane ,Analyse sensorielle ,Baie ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,Chlorophylle ,Sensory analysis ,Flavonol ,Aromatic potential - Abstract
The Centre Vinicole-Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte would like to set up wine repositores to know the quality from the vine until when the must arrived in its place. It is important to underlinethe fact that it doesn’t own any vine. That’s why the studies have to be done with adherents. The aim of this subject is to determine repositories to get the best aromatic potential for white wines and also the best anthocyanin potential for the color of red wine. We will put the light on Montgueux with its Chadronnay which are well known for exotic fruits flavors. All theses potentials cans be reached if the vine is in a good physiological condition with water and nitrogen. To do this project, we choose to study the vine status, the berry loading and the sensory analysis of wine. We hypothesize that depending of the berry load the day of harvest is an relevent indicator to get the aromatic and wished profile. After having selected the study sites and having met the winegrowers, we measured the nitrogen with the chlorophyll rate which is the leaves and the presence of stress or not with the level of flavonols. We did the measurement twice : first at the blooming when the vine no longer used its reserves but we have photosynthesis to develop, and for the closing of bunches to know the conditions of the vine before maturation grape . We tracked the effects of climate impacts with rainfall and water balance through CIVC stations. For the red wine sites, we haven’t been able to measure anthocyanin chemically, we had only a tool to measure a potential but we don’t know its relevance. The following of Montgueux Chardonnay has shown a fast and ongoing sugar loading in berries and no matter the date of harvest we get one parcel with exotic flavors and an other parcel no exotic flavors. In the future we should study the lead role of nitrogen and water and the date of harvest depending on sugar loading berries.; Le Centre Vinicole-Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte souhaite mettre en place des référentiels viticole pour avoir un suivi qualitatif de la vigne jusqu’à sa cuverie. Il est important de noter que cette structure est une union de coopérative qui ne possède pas de vignes. Les référentiels et les études sont à mener avec les adhérents. L’objectif est de déterminer un référentiel pour les raisins en ayant atteint l’optimum de leur potentiel aromatique et pour les sites de vinification rouge et rosé un potentiel d’anthocyanes à maturité phénolique. Plus précisément, le profil aromatique de fruits exotiques sur les Chardonnay de Montgueux a été l’objet d’une partie de cette étude. Ces potentiels ne peuvent être obtenus seulement si la vigne est en bon état physiologique avec une alimentation en azote et eau. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons choisi de nous baser sur le suivi végétatif de la vigne, le chargement en sucre par baie lors du suivi maturité et l’analyse sensorielle des vins clairs. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse qu’en fonction du chargement en sucre la date de récolte est un indicateur clé pour obtenir le profil aromatique souhaité. Après avoir sélectionné les sites d’études et rencontré les viticulteurs, nous avons mesuré l’état azoté à travers le teneur en chlorophylle des feuilles et la présence d’une contrainte ou non à travers le taux de flavonols. Cette mesure a été effectué deux fois : à la floraison, qui est la période où la vigne n’utilise plus ses réserves mais la photosynthèse pour se développer, et à la fermeture de grappes pour connaître les conditions de la vigne avant la maturation du raisin. Nous avons suivi les indicateurs climatiques avec la pluviométrie et le bilan hydrique grâce aux stations du CIVC. Nous avions un outil pour mesurer le potentiel anthocyanes pour les sites à vin rouge cependant faute d’organisation nous avons pu aboutir à l’étude complète de cette partie du projet. Le suivi des Chardonnay de Montgueux a montré un chargement en sucre continu et rapide avec un profil thiolé pour une parcelle et un profil sans fruit exotique pour une autre, et ce résultat sur 3 dates de récoltes différentes. En perspectives il s’agirait d’étudier le rôle de l’eau et de l’azote sur les prochains millésimes et la date de récolte en fonction des cinétiques de chargement en sucre par baie.
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- 2019
22. Simulating the Canopy Reflectance of Different Eucalypt Genotypes With the DART 3-D Model
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José Luiz Stape, Flávio Jorge Ponzoni, Julianne de Castro Oliveira, Guerric Le Maire, Yann Nouvellon, Jean-Philippe Gastellu-Etchegorry, Otávio Camargo Campoe, Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Canopy ,spatial modelling ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,IMAGE SATELLITE ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic mail ,remote sensing ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Radiative transfer ,computer.programming_language ,Radiation ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Indice de surface foliaire ,Inventaire forestier ,Surface foliaire ,Plantation forestière ,Houppier ,eucalyptus ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Génotype ,Télédétection ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Biochimie ,vegetation ,Approximation error ,Réflectance ,Chlorophylle ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Leaf area index ,TELEDETECTION ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Forest floor ,Dart ,Modèle de simulation ,15. Life on land ,Environmental science ,MODELISATION SPATIALE ,Spatial variability ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,computer - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; Finding suitable models of canopy reflectance in forward simulation mode is a prerequisite for their use in inverse mode to characterize canopy variables of interest, such as leaf area index (LAI) or chlorophyll content. In this study, the accuracy of the three-dimensional reflectance model DART (Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer) was assessed for canopies of different genotypes of Eucalyptus, having distinct biophysical and biochemical characteristics, to improve the knowledge on how these characteristics are influencing the reflectance signal as measured by passive orbital sensors. The first step was to test the model suitability to simulate reflectance images in the visible and near infrared. We parameterized DART model using extensive measurements from Eucalyptus plantations including 16 contrasted genotypes. Forest inventories were conducted and leaf, bark, and forest floor optical properties were measured. Simulation accuracy was evaluated by comparing the mean top of canopy (TOC) bidirectional reflectance of DART with TOC reflectance extracted from a Pleiades very high resolution satellite image. Results showed a good performance of DART with mean reflectance absolute error lower than 2%. Intergenotype reflectance variability was correctly simulated, but the model did not succeed at catching the slight spatial variation for a given genotype, excepted when large gaps appeared due to tree mortality. The second step consisted of sensitivity analysis to explore which biochemical or biophysical characteristics influenced more the canopy reflectance between genotypes. Perspectives for using DART model in inversion mode in these ecosystems were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
23. Effects of exogenous application of salicylic acid on drought performance of medicinal plant, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim
- Author
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Ma, Ruili, Xu, Shengrong, Chen, Yuan, Guo, Fengxia, Wu, Rui, Okyere, Samuel Anim, Wang, Fusheng, Jing, Yanming, Wang, Xingzheng, Ma, Ruili, Xu, Shengrong, Chen, Yuan, Guo, Fengxia, Wu, Rui, Okyere, Samuel Anim, Wang, Fusheng, Jing, Yanming, and Wang, Xingzheng
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) foliar application on Fritillariaprzewalskii under drought stress condition. Plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes, 75-80% control (CK), 60-65% medium stress (M) and 40-45% severe stress (S) of the field capacity and three levels of SA, 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Relative water content (RWC), proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll “a” (Chl a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl b), chlorophyll “a + b” (Chl a + b), carotenoids contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were measured. RWC, soluble carbohydrates, Chl b, Chl a + b, MDA content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were significantly affected by water deprivation without SA. Exogenous SA significantly increased the content of RWC, total leaf soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline and Chl b at moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. MDA content was decreased significantly by exogenous SA. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were also significantly affected by exogenous SA. However, the content of Chl a, Chl a + b, and carotenoids were not significantly affected by exogenous SA., Cette étude a examiné les effets de l’application foliaire d’acide salicylique (AS) sur Fritillariaprzewalskii en condition de sécheresse. Les plantes ont été soumises à trois régimes d’irrigation : 75-80 % comme contrôle (CK), 60-65 % de stress moyen (M) et 40-45 % de stress sévère (S) de la capacité au champ et trois niveaux d’AS : 0,0, 0,5 et 1,0 mM. Les teneurs en eau relative (RWC), en proline, glucides solubles totaux, chlorophylle « a » (Chl a), chlorophylle « b » (Chl b), chlorophylle « a + b » (Chl a + b), teneurs en caroténoïdes et malondialdéhyde (MDA) ont été mesurées, ainsi que les activités de plusieurs enzymes antioxydantes telles que la superoxyde dismutase (SOD), la peroxydase (POD), la catalase (CAT), la glutathion réductase (GR) et l’ascorbate peroxydase (APX). La RWC, les glucides solubles, Chl b, Chl a + b, la teneur en MDA et les activités des enzymes antioxydantes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR et APX) étaient significativement affectées par la privation en eau sans AS. L’AS exogène a considérablement augmenté la teneur en RWC, en glucides solubles dans les feuilles, en proline et en Chl b en déficit hydrique modéré et sévère. Le contenu en MDA a été réduit de manière significative par l’AS exogène. Les activités des enzymes antioxydantes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR et APX) étaient également significativement affectées par les AS exogènes. Cependant, les teneurs en Chl a, Chl a + b et les caroténoïdes n’étaient pas significativement affectées par les AS exogènes.
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- 2019
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24. Bioaccumulation du Cd et du Zn chez les plants de tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
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Sbartai, Hana, Djebar, Med Reda, Sbartai, Ibtissem, and Berrabbah, Houria
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BIOACCUMULATION in plants , *CADMIUM , *ZINC , *CHLOROPHYLL , *CATALASE , *COMPARATIVE studies , *TOMATOES -- Nutrition , *PLANT translocation - Abstract
Abstract: This work aims at evaluating the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) (trace elements) in the organs of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. Rio Grande) and their effects on the rate of chlorophyll and enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant system: catalase (CAT), glutathion-S-transferase (GST) and peroxysase ascorbate (APX). Plants previously grown on a basic nutrient solution were undergoing treatment for 7 days, either by increasing concentrations of CdCl2 or ZnSO4 (0, 50, 100, 250, 500μM) or by the combined concentrations of Cd and Zn (100/50, 100/100, 100/250, 100/500μM). The results concerning the determination of metals in the various compartments of tomato plants as a function of increasing concentrations of Cd or Zn, suggest a greater accumulation of Cd and Zn in the roots compared to leaves. The combined treatment (Cd/Zn) interferes with the absorption of the two elements according to their concentrations in the culture medium. The presence of Zn at low concentrations (50μM of Zn/100μM Cd) has little influence on the accumulation of Cd in the roots and leaves, while the absorption of these two elements in the leaves increases and decreases in roots when their concentrations are equivalent (100/100μM) compared to treatment alone. When the concentration of Zn is higher than that of Cd (500μM of Zn/100μM Cd) absorption of the latter is inhibited in the roots while increasing their translocation to the leaves. Meanwhile, the dosage of chlorophylls shows that they tend to decrease in a dose-dependent for both treatments (Cd or Cd/Zn), however, treatment with low concentrations of Zn (50 and 100μM) stimulates chlorophyll synthesis. However, treatment with different concentrations of Cd seems to induce the activity of the enzymes studied (CAT, APX, GST). It is the same for treatment with different concentrations of Zn and this particularly for the highest concentrations. Finally, the combined treatment (Zn/Cd) also appears to cause enzyme inductions: CAT, APX and GST. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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25. Light environment and pigment composition of Megaceros pellucidus.
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Watkins, Roger L. S., Outred, Heather A., Rowland, R. E., and Brown, Simon
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- *
ISLANDS , *GUIZOTIA , *HORNWORTS (Bryophytes) , *CAROTENOIDS , *BIOLOGICAL pigments , *CHLOROPHYLL synthesis , *PLANT extracts - Abstract
The homwort Megaceros pellucidus occupies wet, heavily shaded sites. In four sites in the central North Island of New Zealand the maximum photon flux density (PFD) was always less than 10 pmol m-2 s-1. The PFD varied weakly during the day depending exponentially on the PFD of full sunlight. Light reflected from surface water late in the day transiently doubled the mid-day maximum PFD. Sunflecks had little impact on the site PFD consistent with the exponential relationship between the PFDs measured at the site and canopy. Plants from low light conditions (0.2 pmol m-2 s-1) had the same carotenoid content as plants from higher light conditions (6.9 pmol m-2 s-1), but the chlorophyll content of high light plants was approximately twice that of low light plants. The chlorophyll a/b ratio was the same for plants from low and high light conditions. Spectra of acetone-extracts of M. pellucidus thallus from low light grown plants showed an absorbance band at about 340 nm that was not apparent in spectra of extracts from plants grown in high light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
26. Étude des potentialités de la vision artificielle pour reconnaissance optique des semences immatures de chicorée industrielle (Cichorium intybus L.).
- Author
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Ooms, David and Destain, Marie-France
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COMPUTER vision ,CHICORY ,FLUORESCENCE ,CULTIVARS ,SEED size ,CHLOROPHYLLIN - Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
27. Separierung der spektralen Absorption einzelner Fruchtpigmente am Beispiel von Mango in der Frischhaltung.
- Author
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Pflanz, Michael, Mudau, Nixwell, and Zude, Manuela
- Abstract
Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sénescence d’un pied de maïs : évolution de la floraison à la récolte.
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Combe, Laurette and Escobar-Gutiérrez, Abraham J.
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CORN research , *CHLOROPHYLL , *FOLIAR application of plant regulators , *WATER , *PLANT canopies ,CORN aging - Abstract
In monocarpic species such as corn, senescence of leaves is coordinated with that of the whole plant and influenced by the reproductive function. The objective of the present study was to describe the evolution of corn senescence along two axes: (1) the whole-plant axis, where all foliar stages were each considered as an entity, and (2) the foliar axis, where the dynamics of three macroscopic symptoms of senescence was considered on each leaf taken individually, according to zones from the apex to the base of the leaf lamina. From a corn field culture, leaves were sampled or whole plants were submitted to a follow-up, from flowering to harvest. Dynamics of water, dry matter, and chlorophyll contents were different along the leaf as well as between ranking of leaves. Moreover, plant chlorophyll content followed a more complex dynamics than that of water and dry matter. From a follow-up of discoloration along leaves of 15 stems from top to bottom, authors have established functional relationships describing the advance of the senescence front for each foliar rank from 7 to top (rank 15 or 16). This quantitative description can be used directly in crop models as well as structure–function plant models. This would allow estimation of leaf-senescence impact on light-radiation interception and, therefore, on photosynthesis and productivity. Results can also be used for interpretation of reflectance measurements on corn canopies by remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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29. Photo-interpretation and remote sensing at the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, UNB.
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Leblon, Brigitte, Merzouki, Amine, MacLean, David A., and LaRocque, Armand
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PHOTOGRAPHIC interpretation ,REMOTE sensing ,FORESTS & forestry ,POLARIMETRY ,LAND use mapping ,UNIVERSITY faculty - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2008
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30. Studies on uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from Chlorella kessleri (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta).
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Juárez, Angela B., Aldonatti, Carmen, Vigna, María S., and Ríos de Molina, María del C.
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DECARBOXYLASES , *TETRAPYRROLES , *BIOSYNTHESIS , *GEL permeation chromatography , *DECARBOXYLATION , *GREEN algae - Abstract
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UroD) (EC 4.1.1.37) is an enzyme from the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, in which chlorophyll is the main final product in algae. This is the first time that a study on UroD activity has been performed in a green alga (Chlorella). We isolated and partially purified the enzyme from a Chlorella kessleri (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) strain (Copahue, Neuquén, Argentina), and describe for the first time some of its properties. In C. kessleri, the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III occurs in two stages, via 7 COOH and then 6 and 5 COOH intermediates, with the decarboxylation of the 7 COOH compound being the rate-limiting step for the reaction. Cultures in the exponential growth phase showed the highest specific activity values. The most suitable conditions to measure UroD activity in C. kessleri were as follows: 0.23–0.3 mg protein/mL, ≍6–8 μmol/L uroporphyrinogen III, and 20 min incubation time. Gel filtration chromatography and Western blot assays indicated that UroD from C. kessleri is a dimer of approximately 90 kDa formed by species of lower molecular mass, which conserves enzymatic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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31. Molecular mapping of the chlorophyll retainer (cl) mutation in pepper (Capsicum spp.) and screening for candidate genes using tomato ESTs homologous to structural genes of the chlorophyll catabolism pathway.
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Efrati, Ari, Eyal, Yoram, and Paran, Ilan
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GENE mapping , *GENETIC techniques , *CHLOROPHYLL , *CHLOROPLAST pigments , *PEPPERS , *GENETIC mutation , *TOMATOES , *METABOLISM - Abstract
The chlorophyll retainer (cl) mutation causes inhibition of chlorophyll degradation during pepper fruit ripening and is controlled by a single recessive gene. The retention of chlorophyll in mature red or yellow fruits produces brown- or green-colored ripe fruits, respectively. We mapped CL on chromosome 1 of pepper corresponding to chromosome 8 in tomato in which a homologous mutation, green flesh, was previously assigned. To test whether known structural genes from the chlorophyll catabolism pathway could correspond to CL, we mapped tomato expressed sequence tag clones corresponding to three loci of CHLOROPHYLLASE and one locus of PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE in the tomato introgression lines population. The three CHLOROPHYLLASE loci mapped to chromosomes 6, 9, and 12, while PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE mapped to chromosome 11, indicating that CL may correspond to an as yet unavailable gene from the chlorophyll catabolism pathway or to a regulator of the pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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32. Plankton communities of the South Atlantic anticyclonic gyre
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Piontkovski, Sergey A., Landry, M.R., Finenko, Zosim Z., Kovalev, Alexander V., Williams, Robert, Gallienne, Christopher P., Mishonov, Alexey V., Skryabin, Valery A., Tokarev, Yuri N., and Nikolsky, Viktor N.
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PLANKTON - Abstract
Data collected during cruises of the Former Soviet Union (in 1963–1989) and the British Atlantic meridional transect program (in 1995–1999) were used to analyse macroscale patterns in phyto- and zooplankton biomass, size structure, species diversity, chlorophyll a, and plankton bioluminescence in the macroscale anticyclonic gyre of the South Atlantic Ocean. The spatial pattern of bioluminescence intensity was in good agreement with that of remotely sensed (CZCS) chlorophyll a, phosphate, salinity, and copepod species diversity index distributions especially in terms of geographic inclinations of the isolines, both associated with the north-westward pattern off the South equatorial current. Among the 416 copepod species recorded in samples, 51 species were noted throughout the whole gyre. On the other hand, there were a number of species found only in one of the currents. The mesozooplankton biomass size spectra (calculated in carbon units), exhibited a fairly stable slope of the curve from the eastern periphery of the gyre to its centre. The British Atlantic meridional transect program meridional transect through the western part of the gyre showed mesozooplankton size spectra in greater detail between the equator and 50° S. Although the spectra change slowly along the transect as far as 36° S, there is a general trend toward increasing slopes from the equatorial region to the oligotrophic central gyre. The calculated phyto-to-zooplankton ratio indicated that for the tropical anticyclonic gyres, the mesozooplankton carbon biomass could be represented as the exponential function of the phytoplankton carbon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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33. Modelling colour and chlorophyll losses of frozen green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.)
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Martins, R.C. and Silva, C.L.M.
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CHLOROPHYLL , *BIODEGRADATION - Abstract
Colour changes and chlorophyll degradation of frozen green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L., variety bencanta) were studied during 250 days of storage at −7, −15 and −30 °C. Chlorophyll a and b losses and colour Hunter a and b co-ordinates and total colour difference (TCDH) changes were successfully described by first order and reversible first order models, respectively. The temperature effect was described by the Arrhenius law. Disagreement between the colour co-ordinates and chlorophyll content was obtained. Therefore, chlorophyll content is not a good colour index of frozen green beans. The results emphasise that colour is a more important parameter to assess frozen green beans visual quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2002
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34. Relationship between chlorophyll a fluorescence induction and oxygen evolution in barley (Hordeum vulgare) thylakoids treated with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins.
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Sridharan, G, Daneau, E, and Fragata, M
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CHLOROPHYLL , *CYCLODEXTRINS , *FLUORESCENCE , *BARLEY , *BOTANY - Abstract
Cyclodextrins, a class of cyclic oligomeric compounds consisting of 6–8 units of D-glucose, alter the oxygen evolution of photosystem II (PSII) in barley thylakoids as well as chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, i.e., F[sub v] /F[sub o] and F[sub v] /F[sub m] where F[sub m] is the maximal level of fluorescence when all PSII centres are closed, F[sub o] is the minimal level of chlorophyll fluorescence when all PSII centres are open, and F[sub v] is the variable fluorescence (= F[sub m] – F[sub o] ). The highest F[sub v] /F[sub m] and F[sub v] /F[sub o] values are observed in samples treated with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins, i.e., 0.618 and 0.629 (F[sub v] /F[sub m] ) and 1.617 and 1.667 (F[sub v] /F[sub o] ), respectively, whereas in untreated and gamma-cyclodextrin-treated thylakoids, one observes 0.608 and 0.594 (F[sub v] /F[sub m] ) and 1.568 and 1.460 (F[sub v] /F[sub o] ). This trend is also seen in the oxygen evolution of control and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin-treated thylakoids, i.e., 183.6, 214.9, 301.7, and 174.0 µmol O[sub 2] ·mg chlorophyll[sup –1] ·h[sup –1] , respectively. First, the fluorescence induction data indicate that in intact thylakoid membranes, the enhancement of oxygen evolution induced by alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins originates in the opening of blocked photochemical centres in PSII. Second, the results show that the correlation between the oxygen evolution of PSII and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction is a nonlinear phenomenon represented by a Boltzman expression.Key words: chlorophyll, cyclodextrins, fluorescence induction, oxygen evolution, photosystem II, thylakoid membrane.Les cyclodextrines sont des substances oligomériques constituées de 6 à 8 unités de D-glucose. On montre que les cyclodextrines affectent le dégagement d'oxygène dans le photosystème II des thylacoïdes d'orge ainsi que l'induction de fluorescence de la chlorophylle a, i.e., F[sub v] /F[sub o] et F[sub v] /F[sub m] où F[sub m] est la fluorescence maximale lorsque tous les centres photochimiques du photosystème II sont fermés, F[sub o] est le niveau minimal de la fluorescence lorsque tous les centres sont ouverts et F[sub v] est la fluorescence variable (= F[sub m] - F[sub o] ). Les valeurs les plus élevées de F[sub v] /F[sub m] et F[sub v] /F[sub o] ont été obtenues dans des échantillons traitées avec les cyclodextrines alpha et beta, i.e., respectivement 0,618 et 0,629 (F[sub v] /F[sub m] ) et 1,617 et 1,667 (F[sub v] /F[sub o] ), tandis que dans les thylacoïdes non-traités ou traités avec la cyclodextrine gamma, on observe 0,608 et 0,594 (F[sub v] /F[sub m] ) et 1,568 et 1,460 (F[sub v] /F[sub o] ). Ceci est aussi observé dans le dégagement d'oxygène des thylacoïdes non-traités ou traités avec les cyclodextrines alpha, beta et gamma, i.e., respectivement 183,6, 214,9, 301,7 et 174,0 µmol O[sub 2] ·mg chlorophylle[sup –1] ·h[sup –1] . D'abord, les résultats montrent que dans les membranes thylacoïdales intactes l'augmentation du dégagement d'oxygène induit par les cyclodextrines alpha et beta a son origine dans l'ouverture de centres photochimiques du photosystème II normalement fermés. Deuxièmement, l'étude de la corrélation entre le dégagement d'oxygène et l'induction de fluorescence de la chlorophylle a indique qu'il s'agit d'un phénomène non-linéaire représenté par une expression de Boltzman.Mots clés : chlorophylle, cyclodextrines, dégagement d'oxygène, induction de fluorescence, photosytème II, membrane thylacoïdale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2002
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35. Disentangling the sources of chlorophyll-content variability in banana fields
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Julien Lamour, Corentin Leroux, Bruno Tisseyre, Olivier Naud, Mathieu Léchaudel, Gilles Le Moguédec, COMPAGNIE FRUITIERE MARSEILLE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
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COMMERCIAL FARMS ,Mixed model ,Chlorophyll content ,Télédétection ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,MIXED MODELS ,Plantations ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,BANANA CROP ,02 engineering and technology ,Musa (bananes) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,PLANTS ,Chlorophylle ,Photosynthèse ,FRUITS ,analyse spatiale ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,2. Zero hunger ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Modélisation des cultures ,Phenology ,food and beverages ,NESTED FACTORS ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,PHENOLOGICAL STAGE ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Chlorophyll ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,Phénologie - Abstract
International audience; The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of banana phenological stages on the chlorophyll content of its leaves in order to assess possible restrictions on the potential use of remote sensing for nutritional diagnoses when phenological stages cannot be discriminated on images. Chlorophyll measurements were made with a Dualex sensor at different positions on banana leaves with different ranks on the plant, on plants at different phenological stages and located in different fields of a commercial farm. The effect of these factors was studied using mixed models with nested factors and the results showed that they have a significant effect on the chlorophyll content. It is therefore suggested to take into account the diversity of phenological stages in banana fields before considering nutritional diagnoses services based on remote sensing.
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- 2019
36. Physiological plasticity: a key element of coffe hybrjds to face leaf rust disease attack
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Toniutti, Lucile, Breitler, Jean-Christophe, Campa, Claudine, Bertrand, Benoît, Etienne, Hervé, Lambot, Charles, and Herrera, Juan Carlos
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F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Hybride ,Coffea arabica ,Hemileia vastatrix ,Résistance aux maladies ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,Chlorophylle ,Photosynthèse ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Abstract
Arabica coffee is a main economic crop throughout Central and South American highlands, where millions of people get primary outcome. Last coffee leaf rust (CLR) epidemic event in 2011, which impacted 53% of the coffee region areas, provoking losses up to USD 500 million, remembered the high vulnerability of the coffee sector to the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, causal agent of this disease and considered as the main restrictive illness for all coffee regions around the world. The main problem remains that the current commercial varieties reputed as "resistant", become sensitive to the CLR. During the last twenty years, coffee geneticist have created several intra-specific hybrids between commercial varieties and wild coffee accessions. Field observations confirmed that coffee hybrids are more productive and less impacted by the CLR even in regions where resistant materials become susceptible. Such field observations are in agreement with the general idea that hybrid plants present high homeostasis in terms of growth, yield and disease resistance. The aim of this research was to investigate the physiological response of coffee hybrids before and after inoculation with the CLR. Using controlled conditions, the metabolic response and physiological status of two hybrid genotypes were assessed under different stressful conditions involving three limiting factors: temperature, luminosity and nitrogen input. Hybrid behavior was compared to an inbred line tested under similar conditions. Results demonstrated that whatever the agronomic conditions and the temperature regimes, hybrids under test were less sensitive to CLR than the inbred line. Interestingly, the detailed transcriptomic analysis revealed that coffee hybrids seem to exhibit an altered circadian clock resulting in a higher photosynthetic efficiency together with an increased concentration of chlorophyll. Most of the over-expressed genes identified in the hybrids after CLR inoculation were associated to basal resistance mechanisms, while genes identified in the inbred line, were more related to abiotic stress responses. Overall our findings suggest that under stressful conditions, coffee hybrids are able to rapidly modify their energetic metabolism machinery leading to a more effective and rapid response to rust attack compared to the inbred line.
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- 2019
37. On the Nutrient distribution and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Guinea equatorial band as inferred from In-situ measurements
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O A Nubi, B Bourl egrave s, C A Edokpayi, and M N Hounkonnou
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Pycnocline ,PHYTOPLANCTON ,Gulf of Guinea ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,UPWELLING ,01 natural sciences ,COURANT COTIER ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Nitrate ,nutrients ,14. Life underwater ,DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE ,Chlorophyll fluorescence ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,MESURE IN SITU ,BIOMASSE ,010505 oceanography ,Advection ,Shoaling and schooling ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,equatorial upwelling ,CIRCULATION OCEANIQUE ,equatorial undercurrent ,Oceanography ,chemistry ,Productivity (ecology) ,13. Climate action ,phytoplankton biomass ,Upwelling ,Geology - Abstract
Oceanographic in situ data collected in the Gulf of Guinea during six cruises carried out between 2005 and 2007 were analysed to study the influence of equatorial upwelling on the productivity of the region. At 10°W, observations during boreal summer and autumn cruises captured seasonal upwelling influences. In response to the shoaling pycnocline in June 2005, higher concentrations of nitrate and chlorophyll fluorescence were recorded at the ocean surface in June than in September. Our findings challenge the paradigm that westward advection from the nutrient-rich African coast is responsible for equatorial enrichment in the Gulf of Guinea. Vertical sections of the parameters under study in the summer of 2005 showed no westward advection from 3°E to 10°W within the equatorial band. This emphasizes the important role of vertical processes in equatorial enrichment at 10°W. An additional aspect of our study provides evidence of the impact on nutrient and chlorophyll distribution of off-equatorial westward recirculation of equatorial undercurrent waters (observed between 2°and 3°S). Key words: Advection, equatorial undercurrent, equatorial upwelling, Gulf of Guinea, nutrients, phytoplankton biomass.
- Published
- 2016
38. Utilisation de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne pour l'évaluation du statut azoté des cultures (synthèse bibliographique)
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Abdallah, Feriel Ben, Philippe, William, and Goffart, Jean-Pierre
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,chlorophylls ,Plant composition ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,composé phénolique ,Plant Science ,phenolic compounds ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,03 medical and health sciences ,nutrition foliaire ,teneur en azote ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,foliar nutrition ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Chemistry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Forestry ,Nutritional status ,Nutrient content ,nutritional status ,030104 developmental biology ,chlorophylle ,état nutritionnel ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology ,nitrogen content - Abstract
Introduction. La gestion optimale de la fertilisation azotée des cultures nécessite l’utilisation de méthodes qui permettent d’évaluer rapidement et avec précision le statut azoté de la biomasse aérienne en cours de saison. C’est le cas des mesures optiques sur le végétal et parmi celles-ci, les approches basées sur la mesure de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne (ChlF) des feuilles occupent une place intéressante. Les potentialités de la ChlF sont étudiées depuis plusieurs années pour détecter et quantifier différents stress biotiques et abiotiques des plantes et la ChlF peut s’envisager pour l’évaluation du statut azoté. Ces approches permettent a priori de pallier certaines limitations des méthodes souvent utilisées pour l’évaluation du statut azoté basées sur la transmission ou la réflexion de la lumière et reliées à la teneur en chlorophylle des feuilles. Littérature. Dans cette revue, deux approches basées sur la ChlF sont examinées. La première étudie la ChlF variable, ou cinétique de Kautsky, qui représente l’approche classiquement abordée par la majorité des auteurs. La seconde approche repose sur l’estimation par la ChlF de la concentration en composés foliaires métabolites de la plante, plus spécifiquement la chlorophylle et les composés phénoliques (en particulier les flavonoïdes). Pour chaque approche, les caractéristiques de la ChlF sont examinées, expliquant leurs liens et leurs applications dans l’évaluation du statut azoté des cultures. Conclusions. Parmi les deux approches analysées, l’utilisation du rapport de ChlF qui combine l’estimation de la concentration en chlorophylle et en flavonoïdes au niveau de la feuille apparait comme une approche potentiellement pertinente pour évaluer le statut azoté des cultures, ces deux concentrations étant en relation étroite avec la teneur en azote des feuilles., Use of chlorophyll fluorescence for the evaluation of crops nitrogen status. A reviewIntroduction. Optimizing the nitrogen (N) fertilization of crops requires the use of methods that quickly and accurately assess the N status of aboveground biomass during the growing season. Optical measurements on plants allow the achievement of this goal and, among these approaches, the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence based method (ChlF) appears promising. The potential of ChlF has been studied for many years. The value of this method for detecting and quantifying various biotic and abiotic plant stresses has been assessed as well as its potential for the evaluation of crop N status (CNS). For this last application, ChlF could offer solutions to the limitations of the usual methods for evaluating CNS, which are based on light transmittance or reflectance and are related to leaf chlorophyll content. Literature. In this report, two ChlF based approaches are reviewed. The first approach is variable ChlF, or Kautsky kinetics, which represents the approach taken in the majority of the published work examined in the field of ChlF. The second approach is based on ChlF sensing methods for the estimation of the concentration of leaf metabolite compounds in plants, particularly that of leaf chlorophyll and phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids). The characteristics and the applications of these two fluorescence approaches are studied for their potential use for the in-season monitoring of CNS.Conclusions. Of these two approaches, the use of the ratio of fluorescence combining the estimation of concentrations of leaf chlorophyll and flavonoid content appears to be a relevant potential method to assess CNS, as both concentrations are in close relationship with leaf N concentration.
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- 2016
39. Exploring the potential of PROCOSINE and close-range hyperspectral imaging to study the effects of fungal diseases on leaf physiology
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Morel, Julien, Jay, Sylvain, Feret, Jean Baptiste, Bakache, Adel, Bendoula, Ryad, Carreel, Françoise, Gorretta, Nathalie, Morel, Julien, Jay, Sylvain, Feret, Jean Baptiste, Bakache, Adel, Bendoula, Ryad, Carreel, Françoise, and Gorretta, Nathalie
- Abstract
The detection of plant diseases, including fungi, is a major challenge for reducing yield gaps of crops across the world. We explored the potential of the PROCOSINE radiative transfer model to assess the effect of the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis on leaf tissues using laboratory-acquired submillimetre-scale hyperspectral images in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The objectives were (i) to assess the dynamics of leaf biochemical and biophysical parameters estimated using PROCOSINE inversion as a function of the disease stages, and (ii) to discriminate the disease stages by using a Linear Discriminant Analysis model built from the inversion results. The inversion results show that most of the parameter dynamics are consistent with expectations: for example, the chlorophyll content progressively decreased as the disease spreads, and the brown pigments content increased. An overall accuracy of 78.7% was obtained for the discrimination of the six disease stages, with errors mainly occurring between asymptomatic samples and first visible disease stages. PROCOSINE inversion provides relevant ecophysiological information to better understand how P. fijiensis affects the leaf at each disease stage. More particularly, the results suggest that monitoring anthocyanins may be critical for the early detection of this disease.
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- 2018
40. Exploring the potential of PROCOSINE and close-range hyperspectral imaging to study the effects of fungal diseases on leaf physiology
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Ryad Bendoula, Sylvain Jay, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Françoise Carreel, Julien Morel, Nathalie Gorretta, Adel Bakache, Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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Chlorophyll ,0106 biological sciences ,hyperspectral image ,plant protection ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,IMAGERIE ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,MALADIE DES PLANTES ,IMAGE HYPERSPECTRALE ,Photosynthèse ,lcsh:Science ,Rayonnement infrarouge ,Multidisciplinary ,Discriminant Analysis ,Surface foliaire ,food and beverages ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Plants ,Close range ,Horticulture ,Pseudocercosporella ,Anthocyane ,PROTECTION DES PLANTES ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,imagery ,Chlorophyll content ,Disease stages ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Early detection ,Biology ,Article ,Ascomycota ,Pseudocercospora fijiensis ,Mycosphaerella fijiensis ,Chlorophylle ,Plant Diseases ,H20 - Maladies des plantes ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:R ,microbiology ,Musa ,crop yield ,Plant Leaves ,MICROBIOLOGIE ,lcsh:Q ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,RENDEMENT DES CULTURES ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The detection of plant diseases, including fungi, is a major challenge for reducing yield gaps of crops across the world. We explored the potential of the PROCOSINE radiative transfer model to assess the effect of the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis on leaf tissues using laboratory-acquired submillimetre-scale hyperspectral images in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The objectives were (i) to assess the dynamics of leaf biochemical and biophysical parameters estimated using PROCOSINE inversion as a function of the disease stages, and (ii) to discriminate the disease stages by using a Linear Discriminant Analysis model built from the inversion results. The inversion results show that most of the parameter dynamics are consistent with expectations: for example, the chlorophyll content progressively decreased as the disease spreads, and the brown pigments content increased. An overall accuracy of 78.7% was obtained for the discrimination of the six disease stages, with errors mainly occurring between asymptomatic samples and first visible disease stages. PROCOSINE inversion provides relevant ecophysiological information to better understand how P. fijiensis affects the leaf at each disease stage. More particularly, the results suggest that monitoring anthocyanins may be critical for the early detection of this disease.
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- 2018
41. Decrypting the chloroplastic [fe-s] cluster assembly machinery
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Berger, Nathalie, Touraine, Brigitte, Magno, Cyril, Hem, Sonia, Rofidal, Valerie, Demolombe - Liozu, Vincent, Vignols, Florence, Rouhier, Nicolas, Feussner, Kristin, Ischebeck, Till, Zienkiewicz, Krzysztof, Feussner, Ivo, Santoni, Veronique, Gaymard, Frederic, Dubos, Christian, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University [Lund], University of Goettingen, Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB ), University Medicine Goettingen, GGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG)
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arabidopsis ,chlorophylle ,sulphur protein ,protéine ,activité mitochondriale ,protéine soufrée ,homéostasie du fer ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,chlorophyll ,sulphur s (symbol) ,approche protéomique ,protein ,soufre - Abstract
Iron-Sulfur ([Fe-S]) clusters are metal cofactors of proteins involved in many fundamental metabolic pathways and cellular processes occurring in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes ( e.g. respiration, photosynthesis). [Fe-S] clusters participate in electrontransfer, substrate binding/activation, iron and sulfur storage, regulation of gene expression, and enzyme activity. The [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis machinery is composed of scaffold proteins that build the cluster de novo and of carrier proteins that transfer the [Fe-S] prosthetic groups to their target proteins (also called apoproteins). In plants three different machineries lead to [Fe-S] cluster assembly, namely the mitochondrial ISC (Iron Sulfer Cluster) system, the chloroplastic SUF (SUlFur mobilization) system and the cytosolic CIA (Cytosolic Iron-sulfur cluster Assembly) system. Our team focuses mainly on the chloroplastic SUF system and specifically on the characterization of a [Fe-S] carrier proteins named NFU2 ( NiFU-LIKE PROTEIN 2) and its potential role on the maturation of the 45 putative chloroplastic [Fe-S] cluster proteins. The [Fe-S] cluster acquisition of only 5 targets among the 45 putative chloroplastic [Fe-S] cluster proteins has already been explored. Thus, the identification of the carriers that act on the other 40 targets is still a big challenge. In order to shed new light on this process, we have initiated the global characterisation of the nfu2 mutant using proteomic (quantitative label free mass-spectrometry strategy) and metabolomic approaches. Results obtained within the frame of this work will be discussed.
- Published
- 2018
42. Retrieving LAI, chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in sugar beet crops from multi-angular optical remote sensing: Comparison of vegetation indices and PROSAIL inversion for field phenotyping
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Sylvain Jay, Fabienne Maupas, Ryad Bendoula, Nathalie Gorretta, Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Technique de la Betterave (ITB), Confédération Générale des Planteurs de Betteraves, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
Canopy ,chlorophylls ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Multispectral image ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Soil Science ,sugarbeet ,02 engineering and technology ,PHENOTYPE ,01 natural sciences ,nitrogen ,Crop ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,remote sensing ,AZOTE ,[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture ,Cultivar ,Leaf area index ,TELEDETECTION ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics ,Remote sensing ,2. Zero hunger ,biology ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,phenotypes ,Inversion (meteorology) ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,chemistry ,Chlorophyll ,BETTERAVE SUCRIERE ,Sugar beet ,leaves ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,FEUILLE - Abstract
International audience; Remote sensing has gained much attention for agronomic applications such as crop management or yield estimation. Crop phenotyping under field conditions has recently become another important application that requires specific needs: the considered remote-sensing method must be (1) as accurate as possible so that slight differences in phenotype can be detected and related to genotype, and (2) robust so that thousands of cultivars potentially quite different in terms of plant architecture can be characterized with a similar accuracy over different years and soil and weather conditions. In this study, the potential of nadir and off-nadir ground-based spectro-radiometric measurements to remotely sense five plant traits relevant for field phenotyping, namely, the leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, and canopy chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, was evaluated over fourteen sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars, two years and three study sites. Among the diversity of existing remote-sensing methods, two popular approaches based on various selected Vegetation Indices (VI) and PROSAIL inversion were compared, especially in the perspective of using them for phenotyping applications. Overall, both approaches are promising to remotely estimate LAI and canopy chlorophyll content (RMSE'10%). In addition, VIs show a great potential to retrieve canopy nitrogen content (RMSE=10%). On the other hand, the estimation of leaf-level quantities is less accurate, the best accuracy being obtained for leaf chlorophyll content estimation based on VIs (RMSE=17%). As expected when observing the relationship between leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, poor correlations are found between VIs and mass-based or area-based leaf nitrogen content. Importantly, the estimation accuracy is strongly dependent on sun-sensor geometry, the structural and biochemical plant traits being generally better estimated based on nadir and off-nadir observations, respectively. Ultimately, a preliminary comparison tends to indicate that, providing that enough samples are included in the calibration set, (1) VIs provide slightly more accurate performances than PROSAIL inversion, (2) VIs and PROSAIL inversion do not show significant differences in robustness across the different cultivars and years. Even if more data are still necessary to draw definitive conclusions, the results obtained with VIs are promising in the perspective of high-throughput phenotyping using UAV-embedded multispectral cameras, with which only a few wavebands are available.
- Published
- 2017
43. Thermally tolerant corals have limited capacity to acclimatize to future warming
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Cécile Rottier, Christine Ferrier-Pagès, Alfonso A. Ramos-Esplá, Andrew C. Baker, Maoz Fine, Mia O. Hoogenboom, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Biología Marina, and Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada
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0106 biological sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,Hot Temperature ,Coral bleaching ,Acclimatization ,Coral ,Climate change ,Biology ,Global Warming ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Mediterranean sea ,Mediterranean Sea ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Zoología ,SYMBIOSE ,14. Life underwater ,Photosynthesis ,ADAPTATION ,Symbiosis ,Ecological energetics ,TEMPERATURE ,General Environmental Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Invasive species ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Global warming ,Physiological plasticity ,CORAIL ,Anthozoa ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,Thermal adaptation ,RESPIRATION ,PHYSIOLOGIE ,13. Climate action ,CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,Dinoflagellida ,Spatial variability ,Introduced Species ,PHOTOSYNTHESE - Abstract
Thermal stress affects organism performance differently depending on the ambient temperature to which they are acclimatized, which varies along latitudinal gradients. This study investigated whether differences in physiological responses to temperature are consistent with regional differences in temperature regimes for the stony coral Oculina patagonica. To resolve this question we experimentally assessed how colonies originating from four different locations characterized by >3°C variation in mean maximum annual temperature responded to warming from 20 to 32°C. We assessed plasticity in symbiont identity, density, and photosynthetic properties, together with changes in host tissue biomass. Results show that, without changes in the type of symbiont hosted by coral colonies, O. patagonica has limited capacity to acclimatize to future warming. We found little evidence of variation in overall thermal tolerance, or in thermal optima, in response to spatial variation in ambient temperature. Given that the invader O. patagonica is a relatively new member of the Mediterranean coral fauna our results also suggest that coral populations may need to remain isolated for a long period of time for thermal adaptation to potentially take place. Our study indicates that for O. patagonica, mortality associated with thermal stress manifests primarily through tissue breakdown under moderate but prolonged warming (which does not impair symbiont photosynthesis and, therefore, does not lead to bleaching). Consequently, projected global warming is likely to causes repeat incidents of partial and whole colony mortality and might drive a gradual range contraction of Mediterranean corals. This study was partially funded by the Journal of Experimental Biology Travelling fellowship (RR-M), by the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, and James Cook University (MH). The work contributes to the EU project: ‘Mediterranean Sea Acidification under a changing climate’ (MedSeA; grant agreement 265103).
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Etude de la variation des paramètres biomasse (Chla) et turbidité sur plus de 10 années dans les eaux marines guyanaises par imagerie satellite. - Phase 2 : utilisation de la résolution à 300 m
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Lampert, Luis, Bryere, Philippe, and Gohin, Francis
- Subjects
chlorophylle ,Guyane française ,images satellite ,MEC ,MET ,DCE ,chlorophyll ,P90 ,satellite imagery ,turbidité ,turbidity ,French Guiana - Abstract
On the extremely turbid waters of French Guyana, the high-resolution satellite imagery (300 m) seems a very good tool for monitoring coastal and estuarine waters. It is possible to adjust the algorithms and calculation methods to be in the range of values suggested by in-situ measurements and thus, have the long data series, where P90chla and P90turbi parameters can be calculated on the MEC., Sur les eaux extrêmement turbides de Guyane, l’imagerie satellitaire à haute résolution (300 m) semble un très bon outil de suivi des masses d’eau côtières et même estuariennes. Il est possible d’ajuster les algorithmes et méthodes de calcul pour se trouver dans la gamme de valeurs suggérées par les mesures in-situ disponibles et ainsi disposer de longues séries de données, où les paramètres P90chla et P90turbi peuvent être calculés sur la MEC.
- Published
- 2016
45. Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts on regional chlorophyll anomalies in the Indian Ocean
- Author
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Olivier Aumont, David M. Kaplan, Jérôme Vialard, Matthieu Lengaigne, Jock C. Currie, S. W. A. Naqvi, Olivier Maury, University of Cape Town, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Science
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:Life ,Forcing (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hindcast ,chlorophyll ,EL NINO ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Remote sensing ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,VARIATION INTERANNUELLE ,CIRCULATION OCEANIQUE ,Oceanography ,Ridge ,Climatology ,productivity ,Southern Oscillation ,UPWELLING ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Journal Article ,INTERACTION OCEAN ATMOSPHERE ,El Niño ,14. Life underwater ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography ,Earth-Surface Processes ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE ,geography ,Indian Ocean Dipole ,010505 oceanography ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ocean general circulation model ,MODELISATION ,lcsh:Geology ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,ANOMALIE ,Chlorophyll ,THERMOCLINE ,Environmental science ,Upwelling ,lcsh:Ecology ,Thermocline - Abstract
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are independent climate modes, which frequently co-occur, driving significant interannual changes within the Indian Ocean. We use a four-decade hindcast from a coupled biophysical ocean general circulation model, to disentangle patterns of chlorophyll anomalies driven by these two climate modes. Comparisons with remotely sensed records show that the simulation competently reproduces the chlorophyll seasonal cycle, as well as open-ocean anomalies during the 1997/1998 ENSO and IOD event. Results suggest that anomalous surface and euphotic-layer chlorophyll blooms in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean in fall, and southern Bay of Bengal in winter, are primarily related to IOD forcing. A negative influence of IOD on chlorophyll concentrations is shown in a region around the southern tip of India in fall. IOD also depresses depth-integrated chlorophyll in the 5–10° S thermocline ridge region, yet the signal is negligible in surface chlorophyll. The only investigated region where ENSO has a greater influence on chlorophyll than does IOD, is in the Somalia upwelling region, where it causes a decrease in fall and winter chlorophyll by reducing local upwelling winds. Yet unlike most other regions examined, the combined explanatory power of IOD and ENSO in predicting depth-integrated chlorophyll anomalies is relatively low in this region, suggestive that other drivers are important there. We show that the chlorophyll impact of climate indices is frequently asymmetric, with a general tendency for larger positive than negative chlorophyll anomalies. Our results suggest that ENSO and IOD cause significant and predictable regional re-organisation of chlorophyll via their influence on near-surface oceanography. Resolving the details of these effects should improve our understanding, and eventually gain predictability, of interannual changes in Indian Ocean productivity, fisheries, ecosystems and carbon budgets.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Suitability and adaptation of PROSAIL radiative transfer model for hyperspectral grassland studies
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Clement Atzberger, Guerric Le Maire, Roshanak Darvishzadeh, Martin Schlerf, Department of Natural Resources, UT-I-ITC-FORAGES, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation
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P33 - Chimie et physique du sol ,Relation plante sol ,Feature selection ,METIS-300843 ,Prairie ,Atmospheric radiative transfer codes ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Réflectance ,Chlorophylle ,Propriété physicochimique du sol ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,HyMap ,Remote sensing ,Méthode statistique ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Surface foliaire ,Modèle de simulation ,Méthode par chimiluminescence ,Imaging spectroscopy ,Spectroscopie aux rayons x ,Fully automatic ,Environmental science ,Spectrométrie ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,Modèle mathématique - Abstract
Methods are presented testing the suitability of PROSAIL radiative transfer model for analysing HyMap imaging spectroscopy data over grassland. The presented methods include forward modelling and cross-checks of 2D correlation plots. In the forward modelling, it is taken into account that the in situ data are not error free. To increase the predictive power of PROSAIL, a simple and fully automatic feature selection (FS) algorithm is presented identifying and discarding poorly modelled wavebands, yielding more reliable parameter retrievals.
- Published
- 2013
47. L'eau en partage : les petits barrages de Côte d'Ivoire
- Author
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Philippe Cecchi, Daniel Corbin, Jean-Baptiste Assamoi, Serge Thomas, Cecchi, Philippe (ed.), Lévêque, Christian (préf.), and Aubertin, Catherine (préf.)
- Subjects
PHYTOPLANCTON ,VARIATION SAISONNIERE ,LAC ARTIFICIEL ,PRODUCTION PRIMAIRE ,PLUVIOMETRIE ,poisson d’eau douce ,milieu aquatique ,écosystème ,BIOMASSE ALGALE ,eau ,SCI030000 ,BARRAGE ,Environmental studies, Geography & Development ,MACROPHYTE ,biomasse ,plancton ,PROFONDEUR ,FLUORESCENCE ,LIMNOLOGIE ,PERIPHYTON ,CHLOROPHYLLE ,environnement ,bassin versant ,pêche ,PETIT BARRAGE ,aménagement hydroagricole ,exploitation des ressources naturelles ,RG - Abstract
formes alternatives ou complementaires a la production primaire planctonique. Du fait de la faible profondeur des reservoirs, le sediment peut constituer un support favorable au developpement d’algues benthiques actives si elles sont suffisamment eclairees. D’importants peuplements de macrophytes peuvent par ailleurs coloniser la peripherie des retenues, tandis que la presence en grand nombre de supports divers (arbres ennoyes, macrophytes) est susceptible de favoriser le developpement du periphyton.
- Published
- 2016
48. Secondary metabolite accumulation, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of in vitro propagated Clidemia hirta L. extracts are influenced by the basal culture medium
- Author
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Eric Lainé, Daniel Hagège, Joël Doussot, Josiane Montguillon, Christophe Hano, Annie Falguieres, Cyrielle Corbin, Tatiana Lopez, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans ( UO ), GDR3711 - Cosmactifs, Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chimie moléculaire, génie des procédés chimiques et énergétiques ( CMGPCE ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Orléans (UO), COSM'ACTIFS - Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie moléculaire, génie des procédés chimiques et énergétiques (CMGPCE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Region Centre Val de Loire. Ville d'Orleans. Conseil General du Loiret. Cosmetic Valley, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), université de Bourgogne, LNC, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,Chemistry(all) ,culture in vitro ,Clidemia hirta L ,General Chemical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flavonoid ,Saponin ,Flavonoïdes ,01 natural sciences ,[ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences ,Clidemia hirta ,nutrition minérale ,antibacterial ,antioxidant ,clidemia hirta l ,flavonoids ,phenolics ,saponins ,acides phenoliques ,antibacterien ,antioxydant ,saponines ,[CHIM] Chemical Sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Vegetal Biology ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,food and beverages ,Plants ,Antioxydant ,Acides phénoliques ,3. Good health ,acide phénolique ,chlorophylle ,Biochemistry ,Micropropagation ,Composition (visual arts) ,Phenolics ,Antibacterial activity ,medicine.drug ,Usitatissimum Cell-Cultures ,composé phénolique ,hplc ,saponine ,Secondary metabolite ,Antibactérien ,03 medical and health sciences ,Saponines ,medicine ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,Flavonoids ,nitrogène ,General Chemistry ,Saponins ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibacterial ,030104 developmental biology ,métabolite secondaire ,chemistry ,activité antibactérienne ,Chemical Engineering(all) ,flavonoïde ,Biologie végétale ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Clidemia hirta L., a tropical shrub used for traditional medicine in numerous countries, could constitute a new resource of phytochemicals for cosmetic applications. In vitro micropropagation of C. hirta was used to evaluate the influence of different culture media on plant growth, production of phytochemicals, and the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of leaf extracts. Quoirin and Lepoivre medium and Lloyd and McCown's woody plant medium gave the best results. Both production of phytochemicals (i.e., flavonoids, phenolics and saponins) and biological activities were affected by the culture medium composition with the strongest effects for plants cultivated on Quoirin and Lepoivre medium. Strong correlations were shown between the antibacterial activity and the saponin content and between the antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid content. The present study shows how mineral nutrition influences the production of secondary metabolites in C. hirta, thus modulating the biological activities of extracts with a view to their possible use in the cosmetic industry., Clidemia hirta L., un arbuste tropical utilisé en médecine traditionnelle dans de nombreux pays, pourrait constituer une ressource intéressante pour des applications cosmétiques. La micropropagation de C. hirta in vitro a été utilisée pour évaluer l'influence des milieux de culture sur la croissance des plantes ainsi que le contenu phytochimique et les activités antioxydantes et antibactériennes des extraits de leurs feuilles. Le milieu Quoirin et Lepoivre et le milieu Llyod et Mc Cown donnent les meilleurs résultats. Tant les contenus en flavonoïdes, composés phénoliques et saponines que les activités biologiques sont affectés par la composition du milieu, les meilleures valeurs étant obtenues avec le milieu Quoirin et Lepoivre. Des corrélations fortes sont observées entre activité antibactérienne et contenu en saponines, ainsi qu'entre capacité antioxydante et contenu en flavonoïdes. Cette étude montre l'influence de la nutrition minérale sur la production de métabolites secondaires chez C. hirta et son effet sur les activités des extraits qui peuvent en être dérivés pour une utilisation en cosmétique.
- Published
- 2016
49. Variation in ecophysiological traits and drought tolerance of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings from different populations
- Author
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Tomasz Czajkowski, Claudia Cocozza, Arturo Alvino, L'. Ditmarová, Eva Pšidová, Stefano Marino, Andreas Bolte, Lucia Maiuro, Marina de Miguel, Roberto Tognetti, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), and Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,Ecophysiology ,Range (biology) ,ecophysiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Drought tolerance ,Plant Science ,gas exchange ,chlorophyll a fluorescence ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Water balance ,water stress ,Fagus sylvatica ,Water-use efficiency ,Beech ,Original Research ,biology ,Ecology ,fungi ,European beech ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,échange gazeux ,fagus silvatica ,italie ,chlorophylle ,Agronomy ,13. Climate action ,Chlorophyll a fluorescence ,Gas exchange ,Water stress ,allemagne ,stress hydrique ,écophysiologie forestière ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Frequency and intensity of heat waves and drought events are expected to increase in Europe due to climate change. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important native tree species in Europe. Beech populations originating throughout its native range were selected for common-garden experiments with the aim to determine whether there are functional variations in drought stress responses among different populations. One-year old seedlings from four to seven beech populations were grown and drought treated in a greenhouse, replicating the experiment at two contrasting sites, in Italy (Mediterranean mountains) and Germany (Central Europe). Experimental findings indicated that: (1) drought (water stress) mainly affected gas exchange describing a critical threshold of drought response between 30 and 26% SWA for photosynthetic rate and C-i/C-a, respectively; (2) the C-i to C-a ratio increased substantially with severe water stress suggesting a stable instantaneous water use efficiency and an efficient regulation capacity of water balance achieved by a tight stomatal control; (3) there was a different response to water stress among the considered beech populations, differently combining traits, although there was not a well-defined variability in drought tolerance. A combined analysis of functional and structural traits for detecting stress signals in beech seedlings is suggested to assess plant performance under limiting moisture conditions and, consequently, to estimate evolutionary potential of beech under a changing environmental scenario.
- Published
- 2016
50. A New Airborne Lidar for Remote Sensing of Canopy Fluorescence and Vertical Profile
- Author
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F. Daumard, A. Ounis, A. Mahjoub, Yves Goulas, Ismael Moya, J. Bach, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Universités-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Ouni, A.
- Subjects
Canopy ,Physics ,photosynthesis ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,télédétection aéroportée ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,QC1-999 ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Primary production ,02 engineering and technology ,Photosynthetic efficiency ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,Lidar ,chlorophylle ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,chlorophyll ,fluorescence ,photosynthèse ,Chlorophyll fluorescence ,Carbon stock ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
We report the development of a new lidar system for airborne remote sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence (Ch1F) and vertical profile of canopies. By combining laser induced fluorescence (LIF), sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) and canopy height distribution, the new instrument will allow the simultaneous assessment of gross primary production (GPP), photosynthesis efficiency and above ground carbon stocks. Technical issues of the lidar development are discussed and expected performances are presented.
- Published
- 2016
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