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Introduction: Falls are the most common adverse events related to a patient safety in healthcare institutions. Falls during hospitalisation, particularly in inpatient rehabilitation facilities, are a common phenomenon among hospitalised individuals. The rationale of the present study is to reduce the incidence of falls by early identification of fall risk using an outcome measure. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the fall incidence rate and associated factors responsible for falls in inpatients with neurological diseases using the Morse Fall Scale (MFS). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 128 patients hospitalised in the Medicine and Neurosurgery Units of Justice KS Hegde Charitable Hospital in Mangaluru, Karnataka, Southern India. The study was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023. Factors were analysed through direct patient interviews, and fall risk scores were identified using the MFS during admission and discharge. Categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage, while descriptive variables were presented as Mean±Standard Deviation. The pre-post comparison of the outcome measure was conducted using the Z-test. Results: The fall incidence rate in neurological inpatients was found to be 15 (11.7%), and the majority of the population belonged to moderate to high-risk of falls. During the hospitalisation period, 99 (77.3%) individuals had a fear of falling, while 29 (22.7%) did not have any fear of falling. Among the study population, 113 (88.3%) had no falls during their hospitalisation, while 15 (11.7%) experienced falls. The majority of subjects had a moderate risk of falls: 63 (49.2%) upon admission and 68 (53.1%) at discharge. There was a significant difference in the MFS scores between admission and discharge (p-value=0.024). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the MFS enables the identification of individuals at risk of falling. The variables related to these findings were the use of continuous medications, balance issues, fear of falling, followed by other factors such as age, length of hospital stay, previous hospitalisation, and sensory disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Episiotomy is a common surgical procedure used during childbirth. Approximately 52% of women who have vaginal births undergo episiotomy, with 93.3% of primiparous women and 30.2% of multiparous women being affected. Perineal pain is a prevalent issue among mothers and can negatively impact their daily functioning and early experiences of motherhood. The use of an ice pack on the perineum is a simple, non pharmacological treatment for pain relief that may have an impact on postpartum recovery. However, no study has been conducted to determine the effect of an ice pack on postnatal mothers' compliance with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) following episiotomy. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an ice pack on pain and ADL after episiotomy. Materials and Methods: This trial is an experimental, parallel, and assessor-blinded allocation with a computer-generated randomisation sequence. A randomised controlled trial conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) at Justice KS Hegde Charitable Hospital in Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India. The study duration was one year, from March 2022 to March 2023. A total of 64 postnatal mothers (32 in each group) were included. This trial is an experimental, parallel, and assessorblinded allocation with a computer-generated randomisation sequence. The inclusion criteria were primiparous women aged between 18-35 years, who underwent episiotomy within 6 to 24 hours postpartum, delivered a live baby, complained of pain at the incision site, had a full-term labour, and had no other complications during pregnancy or labour. The participants were also required to be literate. Age, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Barthel Index (BI) were compared between the groups using the independent sample t-test. The paired t-test was used for within group (pre to post-test) comparison of NPRS and Barthel index. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was a significant difference in pain experienced by the groups, as assessed by NPRS (p<0.001). However, there was no difference in ADL between the groups (p>0.05). No side effects or harms were reported. Ice pack application, once daily for two days, was found to be safe and feasible for postepisiotomy patients. Conclusion: The current randomised controlled trial concludes that the application of an ice pack once daily for two days is significantly effective in reducing pain after episiotomy. However, it does not improve ADL in patients with post-episiotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  To compare the effect of supervised physical therapy versus video-assisted technique in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain. Materials and Methods  This is a comparative study. Forty-two patients were recruited in the study where they were randomized by simple random sampling. Group A (n  = 21) received supervised physical therapy, and Group B (n  = 21) received the video-assisted technique. The intervention was given 45 minutes per day for 15 days. The measures of visual analog scale (VAS) and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) were taken both at baseline and after 15 days of intervention. Results  Comparison between the two groups using Mann–Whitney U test, supervised physiotherapy group showed significant improvement in VAS on activity, RMQ, and RMQ percentage (p  < 0.005). However, Group A, VAS on rest was not significant (p  > 0.005). Conclusion  Supervised physical therapy is effective in reducing pain on activity and improved the disability of patients with chronic mechanical low back pain than the video-assisted technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral palsy is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders seen in children and is associated with lifelong disability. Caregiver's health and well-being can be adversely affected because of long term delivery of care. It has been showed that family involved method is the best treatment strategy in needs of children with cerebral palsy. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of caregiver education on quality of life and burden among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Methodology: The study used quasi experimental research design. 32 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy were included in the study. Caregiver education has been implemented to the participants. Quality of life and burden has been assessed by using WHOQOL-BREF and caregiver burden scale before and after one month of the caregiver education. Results: The results showed that there is a positive effect of caregiver education on quality of life and burden among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. The WHOQOL-BREF shows a statistically significant results across 3 domains; physical, psychological and environmental whereas social component didn't show any significant change (p value >0.05). Caregiver burden scale also shows statistically significant results (p value <0.05) Conclusion: The caregiver education programme may be helpful for improving the quality of life and reducing the burden among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of very early mobilisation on functional status following acute stroke. Design: Single blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting: University hospital. Subjects: Eighty-six patients with acute stroke (42 men and 38 women) aged 30-80 years were randomized to an Intervention group and a Standard care group. Interventions: All participants received 45 minutes standard care once a day for seven days. In addition, the intervention group (n=43) performed very early mobilisation consisting of early and frequent out of bed activities which started within 24 hours of stroke onset for 5 to 30 minutes at least twice a day, for seven days. Outcome measures: Functional status was measured with Barthel ADL Index on admission, discharge and three months follow up. Results: Intervention group showed a significant improvement in Barthel Index change scores (discharge - admission) (median=35, IQR=30-38.75 versus median=17.50, IQR=10-30) than the standard care group. Intervention group showed a significant improvement in Barthel Index change scores (three month follow up - admission) (median=42.50, IQR=35-55) versus (median=30, IQR=20-35) than the standard care group. The Intervention group reported statistically significant improvement in functional status at discharge (P<0.001) and at three months follow up (P<0.001) compared with the Standard care group. Conclusions: The results indicate that very early mobilisation in addition to the standard care may be effective in improving the functional status following acute stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are many different known physiotherapy treatment used in the management of Bell's palsy, Mime therapy being a relatively novel approach among them. However, there is dearth of evidence about the effectiveness of mime therapy in Bell's palsy patients. Hence, there is a need for this experimental comparative study to find the effectiveness of mime therapy in the management of Bell's palsy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of mime therapy and conventional therapy in improving with facial function and symmetry of bell's palsy patients. METHODOLOGY: Experimental design with a sample size of 30 which is randomly allocated into 2 groups with 15 samples in each groups: experimental group, which received mime therapy and the control group, which received conventional therapy were given 45 minutes / day for 5 sessions in a week for 3 weeks. The outcome measures taken were sunny brook facial grading system for checking the facial symmetry and House Brackmann facial grading system for measuring the severity of paresis. RESULTS: Both group showed a significant improvement of facial symmetry and facial function in Bell's palsy patients. In HBFGS between experimental group and control group shows that average improvement 1.9333 in experimental group and 1.5333 in control group,(U=72.0,P=0.109,P<0.05).In SBFGS between experimental group and control group shows that average improvement in experimental group was 32.5333 and in control group is 25.2667(T=1.983,P= 0.015,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that mime therapy and conventional treatment are equally effective. These results must be confirmed by further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]