Search

Firms must allocate resources effectively to cope with uncertainty, which can manifest as a disruption and an opportunity. Although information technology (IT) is a means to cope with uncertainty, chief executive officers (CEOs) may not always support IT investments due to the risky nature of IT, especially when facing uncertain conditions. While prior research suggests that CEO long-term compensation positively incentivizes IT investments, little is known about how different loci of uncertainty impact this relationship. To address this research gap, we study how firm-specific uncertainty and competitive uncertainty shape the influence of CEO long-term compensation on a firm's IT capital investment. Drawing on agency theory and prospect theory, we develop two hypotheses. First, we hypothesize that firm-specific uncertainty and competitive uncertainty positively moderate the influence of CEO long-term compensation on firm IT capital investment. Second, we hypothesize that competitive uncertainty has a stronger positive moderating effect than firm-specific uncertainty on the influence of CEO long-term compensation on firm IT capital investment. Our analysis of secondary longitudinal data from 2000 to 2007 of 357 public firms in the United States supports our hypotheses. In exploratory analyses, we found that CEO long-term compensation results in a higher riskoriented dominant logic in the firm, particularly in conditions of firm-specific uncertainty and competitive uncertainty, with competitive uncertainty having a stronger positive moderating effect. These findings uncover risk-oriented dominant logic as a theoretical mechanism that explains how CEO long-term compensation positively influences firm IT capital investment in uncertain conditions. We also conducted exploratory analyses using a different secondary dataset of 286 U.S. public firms from 2004 to 2019 to consider firm investments in transformative IT applications and found support for our theory. This finding triangulates our results across different time periods and different types of IT investments. This study contributes to theory and practice by providing a nuanced understanding of boundary conditions surrounding CEO long-term compensation, and decisions CEOs make vis-à-vis IT capital investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the queer politics of homo/anti-normativity of Lesbians Who Tech, a corporate network for lesbian and queer women. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that critiques of 'gay ordinariness' are unable to capture extant 'extra-ordinary' trajectories of queer capitalist incorporation. I trace the ways in which corporate culture, leadership and values are currently reshaping queer life and politics in terms of a 'CEO society' to demonstrate that we should avoid assuming that anti-normativity is always on the side of the progressive and instead consider how this is taken up by the very institutions it is intended to contest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 17 March 2022, P&O Ferries summarily dismissed 786 seafarers without notice or consultation in a clear and openly admitted transgression of legality, but two months later its parent company's chief executive officer claimed that 'nobody was hurt'. Drawing on the work of Zygmunt Bauman and Alain Supiot, this article offers a critical account of the scandal based on three main arguments. First, it develops the new concept of an 'authoritarian liquid transgression' (ALT), defined as a transgression of a democratic legal norm that seeks to leave no trace or excess (that which resists immediate liquefaction), thus aiming at complete erasure. Second, it argues that the P&O event is a paradigmatic example of an attempted ALT by dissecting three main steps in the business strategy (liquefaction, effacement, and simulation) but also traces competing privatized and politicized narratives of its excess. Third, the article suggests that the event will be viewed as a liminal event for the United Kingdom's authoritarian neoliberalism since it acted as a window that offered a brief glimpse of the brutal nature of authoritarian neoliberalism at work but also of an alternative solid construction of labour law and its remedial framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to find an answer to the questions of "whether chief executive officers (CEOs) are compensated for market risk", and "how the combined interaction of board size and CEO duality moderates this relationship" from the tenets of agency theory and managerial power theory. Even though the contracting view of agency theory posits that agents are neither to be punished nor rewarded for events that go beyond their direct control (market risk), the research findings in the corporate governance domain are contradictory. It was found that Chinese and American executives were paid for market risk, including oil prices and exchange rates, which was explained by retention risk and weaker corporate governance systems. To shed light on previous inconclusive research, this paper investigates the topic further in a new country setting, that of Switzerland, because the previous results were mostly related to Anglo-Saxon countries. Switzerland is also one of the exemplary countries for executive compensation. Furthermore, it investigates the combined (cascaded) interaction effects of the board size and CEO duality on CEO compensation and market risk from the perspective of managerial power theory, which has not been previously analyzed in the literature to date. For the direct effect, in contrast to previous findings in Anglo-Saxon countries, it has been found that CEOs were not paid for market risk in Switzerland, which confirms agency theory's contracting prediction. This finding outlines the future comparative research area in this domain. For the combined interaction effect, it has been found that board size incorporated with CEO duality is the significant cascaded moderator, and large boards with CEO duality are significantly more effective in controlling asymmetric compensation, which confirms the efficacy of large boards with CEO duality in coping with asymmetric compensation and managerial entrenchment (managerial power theory). These results have both practical and academic implications for boards of directors, Human Resources and corporate governance literature, agency theory, and managerial power theory, by providing further evidence on previous inconclusive findings on board size, CEO duality, and the role of market risk in the CEO pay structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing number of research on the impact of open CEOs on organisational outcomes, their role in shaping corporate innovation strategies has received little scholarly attention. This paper uses a large sample of panel data from Chinese knowledge-intensive high-tech listed companies to investigate how CEOs affect innovation ambidexterity when they possess open tendencies, and how managerial discretion, influenced by firm and environment-level factors, affects such relationship. The results show that open CEOs exhibit attributes of broad interests, divergent thinking, and creativity that positively affect innovation ambidexterity, and this relationship tends to be stronger when working context give them greater managerial discretion. Specifically, state ownership has a negative moderating effect, while the intensity of market competition enhances the positive relationship between CEO openness and innovation ambidexterity, and simultaneously mitigates the negative effect of state ownership. By examining the impact of this important CEO personality trait on corporate innovation strategies, we extend the literature on the upper echelon theory (UET) and ambidextrous innovation (AI), which is also a response to emphasising that more attention should be paid to the micro-foundation of organisational innovation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Digital technologies (DTs) are key and essential in firms and communities. Countries in low-income areas, such as Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) contexts, struggle with digital development. To understand how firms in BOP countries access DTs, a qualitative study was conducted to provide insight into how firms in these contexts access DTs and the challenges they face while accessing these technologies. Design/methodology/approach: An in-depth qualitative study was done, which included semi-structured interviews with digital enterprises. In total, 12 chief executive officers (CEOs) and owners of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) from Ghana and Nigeria were interviewed. NVivo 12 Pro was used for thematic analysis. Findings: Four main findings were identified as follows: (1) how firms in BOP contexts access DTs, (2) the challenges in accessing DTs, (3) factors considered when selecting a technological provider in BOP contexts and (4) solutions and recommendations to the challenges identified. From the results, cost, low technological infrastructure, high transaction costs, regulatory issues, lack of trust, poor digital skills and lack of support were among the barriers to accessing DTs in BOP contexts. Research limitations/implications: Governments and stakeholders of firms in BOP contexts need to be intentional with their digitalization development to ensure digital inclusion. Originality/value: The study developed a synopsis of the factors involved in accessing DTs in BOP contexts and is the first to conceptualize firm digital access in BOP contexts. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-05-2023-0213 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how CEOs educational background affects the agglomeration economies–firm performance relationship based on the upper echelons theory. With a sample of Chinese software and information technology services public listed firms, it is found that CEO educational specialization helps firms to reap the benefits of agglomeration. Specifically, firms led by CEOs with science or engineering degrees benefit more from specialization externalities, while firms led by CEOs with business, economics or legal degrees enjoy more diversity externalities. This paper contributes to the specialization versus diversity debate by stating the importance of individual CEOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of CEO overseas experience and innovation efficiency on firm value. Using the propensity score matching technique with 645 observations from 129 Chinese chip companies listed from 2015 to 2019, we found that CEOs with overseas experience significantly increase firm value. Innovation efficiency has a significantly positive effect on firm value. Importantly, CEO overseas experience moderates the impact of innovation efficiency on firm value, indicating that these CEOs are better able to leverage innovation for value creation. The results underscore the importance of attracting and retaining CEOs with overseas experience and enhancing innovation efficiency to stay competitive. The study has theoretical and policy implications for companies, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the behavioral theory of the firm, we research how performance feedback influences the formation of CEOs' passion. We articulate that previous performance directly increases CEOs' passion. Specifically, positive affective outcomes (performance above aspiration-level) advance CEOs' positive feelings and motivation toward the domains of success (obsessive passion). For instance, when a firm accomplishes performance objectives, such as reaching sales goals, CEOs' positive feelings toward developing current products would be boosted. Moreover, negative affective outcomes (performance below aspiration-level) would also positively impact CEOs' passion since the CEOs would endeavor to reduce the difference between performance and their aspiration-level. As such, performance feedback is a critical antecedent of CEOs' obsessive passion. In addition, we apply human capital as a moderator between performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion. Results based on multiphase survey data from 189 CEOs of Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises indicate that both positive and negative performance feedback positively increase CEOs' obsessive passion. Moreover, human capital negatively moderates the relationship between positive performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion and positively moderates the relationship between negative performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology chief executive officers have become public figures, their personae operate as loci for journalistic discourse about the intersection of moral responsibilities, regulation, and political-economic power of the tech industry. They possess a power often construed as beyond the reach of politics or civil society to address. This study considers how the ubiquity of tech power has become a kind of common sense in journalistic discourse, specifically looking at news, commentary, and analysis that has circulated around Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg since 2016, arguing that even as critiques of Zuckerberg's moral fitness and leadership capacity proliferate, they construct the epistemic bounds within which tech industry power over American public life is understood as legitimate, even as journalists and commentators question certain executives' ability to wield the tech industry's infrastructural and cultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing non-family CEOs in Chinese family firms has become a universal phenomenon. The existing research mainly focuses on the direct effect of non-family CEOs on corporate operation, but ignores the capital market influence despite stock price crash has a more serious damage for family firms due to their reputation concern. To fill this research gap, this paper shed light on the important but ignored capital market effect of non-family members by exploring the role of nonfamily CEOs on stock price crash risk. Based on 12,561 firm-year observations of listed family firms in China from 2004 to 2020, this study estimates using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, entropy balancing matching, treatment effect model and granger causality test. The results show that family firms with non-family CEOs are negatively related with future stock price crash risk in Chinese family firms, and this relationship tends to be stronger when CEOs have more power. Further, to explore the effect mechanism, we isolate the formation of stock price crash risk into two stages: bad news generation and bad news disclosure, and find that non-family CEOs reduce bad news generation but have no impact on bad news disclosure. Additionally, nonfamily CEOs decrease stock price crash risk when governance mechanisms in family firms are weaker, industry environments are poorer and macroeconomic conditions are more positive. This study highlights the negative effect of non-family CEOs on stock price crash risk in Chinese family firms, firstly clarifies the effect mechanism based on the two stages of stock price crash formation and finds that CEO power strengthens the role of non-family CEOs in lowering stock price crash risk in family firms, which differs from previous studies. Finding of this study also have important implications for the managers and investors of family firms. Family firms are expected to increase the introduction of non-family members and strengthen supervision to formalize governance structure. Meanwhile, investors should also consider the ability and experience of top management teams in family firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between CEO career variety, digital knowledge base extension, and digital transformation in a digital M&A context. An empirical test was conducted using regression analysis with the digital M&A events of the new generation of information technology firms in China as the research sample. The results reveal that CEO career variety has a positive effect on digital transformation in the digital M&A context and that digital knowledge-base extension plays a mediating role. Moreover, the heterogeneity impact analysis indicated that the moderating effects of geographical distance, knowledge disparity, and cultural difference between target and acquirer firms on the above relationships vary greatly: geographical distance has a negative moderating effect, cultural difference has a positive moderating effect, and the moderating effects of both geographical distance and cultural difference are realized through mediating effects, but none of the moderating effects of knowledge disparity are significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations facing a crisis, whether product-or moral-harm, must carefully decide on their crisis response to minimize any crisis-related damage. When responding to a crisis, it is not only the message that matters but also the individual delivering the response and the channel used for responding. To test the effects of crisis spokesperson (CEO vs. public relations officer) and channel type (video vs. text-based) during two types of crises (product- vs. moral-harm) on customers' trust, anger, and purchase intention, a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted with 207 German participants. Analyses show that customers' level of trust and purchase intention are higher and levels of anger lower when a CEO (instead of a PR officer) responds to a crisis and when a video (instead of a text-based channel) is used for the response. Additionally, a CEO responding to a product-harm crisis and using a video channel results in positive outcomes. Furthermore, the effects of spokesperson type and channel type on purchase intention are mediated by trust and anger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital early-onset scoliosis (CEOS) is characterized by a spectrum of vertebral anomalies, including formation failures and segmentation failures at the apex segment, which makes CEOS different from other etiologies of earlyonset scoliosis. To date, studies on patients who have graduated from CEOS treatment using traditional dual growing rods (TDGR) have been scarce, and the preliminary results of TDGR with or without the apical control technique (ACT) have varied. We therefore compared the final outcomes of patients with CEOS who graduated from TDGR with or without the ACT. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with CEOS who had graduated from TDGR treatment performed from 2007 to 2020 was conducted. Graduation included final fusion or observation after reaching skeletal maturity. Patients were divided into the ACT-TDGR group (apical vertebrectomy and/or hemivertebrectomy with short fusion and TDGR) and the TDGR-only group. Demographic characteristics, radiographic data, patient-reported clinical outcomes, pulmonary function, and complications were analyzed. Results: A total of 41 patients with CEOS were enrolled: 13 in the ACT-TDGR group and 28 in the TDGR-only group. The lengthening intervals were longer in the ACT-TDGR group (mean [and standard deviation], 1.26 ± 0.66 years) than in the TDGR-only group (0.80 ± 0.27 years). The preoperative main curve was larger in the ACT-TDGR group (80.53° ± 19.50°) than in the TDGR-only group (64.11° ± 17.50°). The residual curve was comparable between groups (26.31° ± 12.82° in the ACT-TDGR group compared with 27.76° ± 15.0° in the TDGR group) at the latest follow-up. The changes in apical vertebral rotation and thoracic rotation were significantly larger in the ACT-TDGR group. Patients had comparable T1-12 and T1-S1 heights, pulmonary function, and 22-item Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) scores at the latest follow-up. The mean number of mechanical-related complications per patient was lower in the ACT-TDGR group (0.77 ± 0.73) than in the TDGR-only group (1.54 ± 1.43). Seventeen patients underwent final fusion. Conclusions: In this small-scale study, we observed that both ACT-TDGR and TDGR-only could correct the deformity while allowing for spinal growth in patients with CEOS. ACT-TDGR yielded better correction in severe cases and did not have a deleterious effect on spinal height. A large number of cases will be needed to validate the clinical value of the ACT. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our contribution lies in exploring loci and reach of leadership diversity's influence on proximal and distal performance outcomes to understand how and where these can be mobilized. Our moderated-mediation modeling decomposes the direct, indirect, and interaction effects of demographic diversity among three types of focal actors in governance—Boards (gender-, age-, and ethno-racial variety), Board Chairs (gender and ethno-racial demography), Chief Executives (gender and ethno-racial demography)—on five factors reflecting functional and social dimensions of Board Performance and two dimensions of Organizational Performance. We demonstrate that the Board composition affects proximal board performance outcomes, whereas CEO demography is more related to distal organizational performance outcomes. Board Chairs, a less-examined aspect of nonprofit governing, stand out as bridging both proximal and distal outcomes, both directly and through their interactions with Board diversity and CEO demography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface engineering has been proved efficient and universally applicable in improving the performance of CeO2 in various fields. However, previous approaches have typically required high-temperature calcination or tedious procedures, which makes discovery of a moderate and facile modification approach for CeO2 an attractive subject. In this paper, porous CeO2 nanosheets with effective nitrogen-doping were synthesized via a low-temperature NH3/Ar plasma treatment and exhibited boosted hydrogen evolution reaction performance with low overpotential (65 mV) and long-term stability. The mechanism of the elevated performance was investigated by introducing Ar-plasma-treated CeO2 with no nitrogen-doping as the control group, which revealed the dominant role of nitrogen-doping by providing abundant active sites and improving charge transfer characteristics. This work illuminates further investigations into the surface engineering methodologies boosted by plasma and the relative mechanism of the structure–activity relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of studies on religion and spirituality in the workplace point towards religious functions of work and the importance of spirituality for managing employees. Yet, religion remains a blind spot for the sociology of personal development in the workplace. Based on two years of qualitative research on Slovak employees, CEOs and other professionals, this article explores how work engagement via personal development narratives is a source of meaningfulness in the respondents' lives to the point that their relation to work has become sacralised. Moreover, personal development at work implies the mobilisation of religious selves, either theistic or holistic. The study thus highlights the role of religion in the context of work while shedding light on transformations of religion in the capitalist context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Upper Echelons Theory states that the characteristics of individuals in top management have a significant impact on firm performance and strategies. In line with this, in this study, the relationship between CEO change, frequency of CEO change, CEO tenure, and stock price performance has been examined. In the research, the year of the CEO change and the stock performance in the following year were used as dependent variables. CEO change, the frequency of CEO change and the year the CEO spent in the same position were used as independent variables. In the research, the CEO position of the companies in the BIST100 index in the years 2011-2021 and the stock performance data in the years 2011-2022 were used. According to the results obtained from the research; there is no statistically significant relationship between CEO change, CEO turnover frequency and CEO tenure and stock price performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the influence of the CEO's competitive aggressiveness on the firm's relative R&D investment behaviour. The authors propose that the CEO's competitive aggressiveness positively impacts the firm's relative R&D investment. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the CEO's power and top management team (TMT) output orientation function. The findings from a sample of 306 publicly listed A&B category BSE Indian firms between 2008 and 2015 provide considerable support for these hypotheses. These findings have important implications for managers, board members, and researchers interested in the antecedents of the firm's R&D management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between green intellectual capital (GIC) and competitive advantage (CA) and proposes the moderating role of corporate philanthropy types (cash, in-kind and both) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study investigates the types of corporate philanthropy, strengthening the link between GIC and CA for Chinese listed firms during a pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: Cross-sectional data were collected from 248 chief executive officers (CEOs) of Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange through a structured questionnaire. Regression analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings: The findings reveal that all types of GIC positively influence a firm's CA. Furthermore, all three types of philanthropy – cash, in-kind and both – moderate the relationship between GIC and CA. However, the intensity of moderation was higher in the case of in-kind philanthropy than in the other two types. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study to examine the relationship between GIC (considering its three components: human, structural and relational capital) and CA in China. The study finds different types of philanthropy as moderating variables to better explain the relationship between GIC and CA. Further, it contributes to a new line of research that aims to study philanthropic aspects connected to the GIC debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether a CEO with a science and engineering background (CEOSEB hereafter) affects green innovation. Data of A-listed industrial firms registered on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges are analyzed from 2008 to 2018. Findings indicate that CEOSEB has a significant positive impact on green innovation. This research also tests the moderating effect of the firm's resources, CEO compensation, and media coverage on the CEOSEB and green innovation nexus. Results show that the firm's resources and media coverage are positive, whereas compensation negatively affects the CEOSEB and green innovation association. Finally, our results depict that the impact is more pronounced in state-owned firms than in private-owned enterprises. Results remain robust to a battery of econometric techniques. These findings offer novel insights into the clean and sustainable development literature from the perspective of the CEO's educational background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation activities are an essential factor to maintain enterprises' growth. This study takes Taiwan stock market listed companies as the research object and explores the relationship between the corporation's innovation activities and the chairman and CEO as an inventor. Furthermore, we use panel regression analysis to obtain robust results. Under such a trend of information circulation, innovation plays an important role in various emerging trends advocated in Taiwan in recent years. Therefore, this paper attempts to conduct an in-depth study on it. This paper verifies the important role of CEO duality in corporate innovation, which means that the corporation's R&D expenditure can be further evaluated by the president and CEO. It is found that the chairman who is an inventor and CEO can reduce the corporation's R&D expenses but can increase the number of patents of the company, which shows that the chairman and CEO who is an inventor has better R&D efficiency, but this phenomenon only exists in the electronics industry. Therefore, future research is suggested to examine real cases from different innovation activities, and although some case studies may be confusing, cross-cultural real research should also be encouraged in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When two people coincidentally have something in common (such as a name or birthday), they tend to like each other more and are thus more likely to offer help and comply with requests. This dynamic can have important legal and ethical consequences whenever these incidental similarities give rise to unfair favoritism. Using a large-scale, longitudinal natural experiment, covering nearly 200,000 annual earnings forecasts over more than 25 y, we show that when a CEO and a securities analyst share a first name, the analyst's financial forecast is more accurate. We offer evidence that name matching improves forecast accuracy due to CEOs privately sharing pertinent information with name-matched analysts. Additionally, we show that this effect is especially pronounced among CEO-analyst pairs who share an uncommon first name. Our research thus demonstrates how incidental similarities can give way to special treatment. Whereas most investigations of the effects of similarity consider only one-shot interactions, we use a longitudinal dataset to show that the effect of name matching diminishes over time with more interactions between CEOs and analysts. We also point to the findings of an experiment suggesting that favoritism born of sharing a name may evade straightforward regulation in part due to people's perception that name similarity would exert little influence on them. Taken together, our work offers insight into when private disclosures are likely to be made. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of regulatory policies can be significantly impacted by psychological factors shaping the context in which they are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw on the attention-based view of the firm to examine whether and when the presence of a CIO in the TMT has a positive effect on both firms' ideated digital innovation (IDI) (i.e., the intensity of firms' digital patenting activity) and commercialized digital innovation (CDI) (i.e., the digital sophistication of firms' new products). Building on the idea that attention processes are context dependent, we also explore the moderating roles of CEO characteristics (IT background and role tenure) as well as environmental characteristics (the industry's IT attention). We analyze data from a cross-industry panel of U.S. S&P 500 firms over eight years that includes up to 2,852 firm-year observations. The results indicate that CIO presence in the TMT is positively related to a firm's IDI and CDI. Furthermore, they show that the organizational context related to CEO characteristics moderates the CIO-CDI relationship and that the environmental context related to the industry's IT attention moderates the CIO-IDI relationship. Our research contributes to the information systems literature by providing robust evidence that CIO presence in the TMT positively influences a firm's digital innovation outcomes, showing how internal and external boundary conditions affect the work of CIOs, and elaborating the role of managerial attention as an underlying mechanism explaining digital innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The famous diplomat and statesman Henry Kissinger has died at the age of 100. He served as President Nixon's National Security Advisor and Secretary of State and had a significant influence on international politics. Kissinger founded a political consulting firm in New York and remained a sought-after interlocutor for government leaders and CEOs even after leaving office. He is praised for his policy of détente with the Soviet Union, but also criticized for his support of right-wing regimes such as Pinochet in Chile. [Extracted from the article]

Peak bodies ("peaks") are funded by Australian governments to fulfil a multifaceted role, including presenting a collective voice to government on behalf of their nongovernmental service provider members and the vulnerable client populations they serve. However, the relationship between peaks and governments has been fraught, with governments imposing contractual conditions in exchange for funding, thereby constraining advocacy. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the nongovernmental sector provided vital services, including care and support for children and families, and dispensed emergency funding through their service networks. This research investigates engagement between peak bodies and governments during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020–2021. Nineteen CEOs and senior executives were interviewed from 16 peak bodies. Additionally, 27 surveys were completed by peak and nongovernmental sector representatives. Interview transcripts were coded using NVivo and thematically analysed. Four types of interactions between government and peak bodies were identified: collective leadership; partnership; advocacy to influence; and advocacy designed for public pressure. These four types of interactions formed a public advocacy continuum. In some Australian jurisdictions, the study showed that collective and partnership mechanisms between peaks and government were strengthened or revived, yet sustained work will be needed to entrench these positive developments in a postcrisis environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most workers report that they are alienated from their jobs and find their workplaces to be stifling and uninviting. Given this condition, the introduction of computer technology, including AI, will only make matters worse, unless a more humane organizational culture is created. The key point in this article is the need to produce a responsible technology, so that employees are not further overworked and manipulated. To achieve this end, phenomenology is invoked, particularly the life world, to provide technology with a human foundation. In practice, this shift in philosophy means that when AI is introduced into an organization, workers have a central role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of this technology. Computer technology can thus promote human flourishing instead of control and alienation in workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the growing importance of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) among various stakeholders, the present study investigates the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and CEO (Chief Executive Officer) dismissals. Based on a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2019, this research study used a random effect logistic model. The findings of the study indicate that total CSR is positively associated with CEO dismissals. In further analysis, we decompose CSR and show that average CSR is negatively linked with CEO dismissals, indicating that CEOs mitigate career concerns by maintaining an optimal range of CSR investment. Moreover, above-average CSR is positively linked with CEO dismissals, indicating that when CSR investments deviate from their optimal range, CEOs' risk of dismissal increases. Finally, we have validated our findings and show a U-shaped link between CSR and CEO dismissals. This research is helpful for policymakers in making CSR-related decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from a physical resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy has encouraged researchers to look for new ways to measure intangible assets such as intellectual capital. This study tests and analyzes the effect of intellectual capital on company performance and the role of educational background in the influence of intellectual capital on the performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the period 2018-2022. This study uses secondary data obtained from the official website of the sample company. The number of samples in this study was 47 banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) method was used to measure the added value of intellectual capital. This study uses quantitative methods with panel data regression to analyze the effect of intellectual capital on company performance and the effect of managing directors' educational background on the relationship between intellectual capital and company performance. These findings show how IC elements of intellectual capital affect financial performance. We discover that IC improves the ROA and ROE of Banking Companies Listed in Indonesia, data analysis results indicate that the educational background of the managing director has a varying impact on the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and company performance, as measured by return on assets (ROA) but not to return on equity (ROE). To the best of the author's knowledge. This is the first empirical study to evaluate the Role of a CEO's educational background in affecting Intellectual Capital in the performance of banking companies listed in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses an under-researched area in corporate behavior by examining the impact of a CEO's cultural background on corporate overinvestment decisions. We focus on the unique cultural dichotomy between northern and southern China as our context of study. Additionally, we scrutinize the interactions between a CEO's age and the type of company ownership in influencing overinvestment tendencies. Our aim is to enrich theoretical understanding of factors influencing corporate overinvestment, offering practical implications for businesses within and beyond China. By filling this gap in the literature, our study sheds light on the nuanced determinants of overinvestment decisions, aiding businesses in refining their investment strategies and governance mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Medical News interview, Kedar S. Mate, MD, president and chief executive officer of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, discusses patient safety and health care equity in the development of clinical AI tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of CEO characteristics on the International Entrepreneurship (IE) of listed island-based firms (IBFs) during the period 2009-2018. The research considers 164 companies from a sample of eight small islands with securities exchanges including more than one firm headquartered on the island. The selected islands are: Barbados, Cyprus, Fiji, Iceland, Jamaica, Malta, Mauritius, and Trinidad & Tobago. Framed on the upper echelons theory and social network theory, the influence on IE of CEO's tenure, academic background and achievement, family allegiance, and international exposure is studied, taking into account the small island particularities. Through a binary probit model, it is concluded that CEOs' family allegiance, tenure, and academic background (if the CEO majored in Business Administration, Finance, Accounting, or Economics) are negatively related with IE, while CEOs' academic achievement and international exposure are positively associated with IE. Some of these results are atypical in the existing literature; nevertheless, islandness can explain these results. The conclusions attained suggest new theoretical and empirical lines of IE research for IBFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate tax avoidance can impede governments’ spending towards social and economic initiatives that can increase infrastructure development, economic growth, and equality, and reduce poverty. Yet, why some companies avoid more tax than others is not adequately understood, and, in particular, research regarding the influence of CEO-characteristics on tax avoidance, is lacking. This study is an empirical investigation into the influence of a CEO’s tax knowledge and tax awareness, construed as a ‘CEO effect’, on corporate tax avoidance, using data from the 112 largest listed companies on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange between 2004 and 2018. We found that the CEO effect, not measured before, does not have an observable influence on the level of corporate tax avoidance. This finding assuages possible concerns that chartered accountants, and particularly chartered accountants in the top leadership positions in large companies, are more shareholder oriented, to the detriment of the interests of society, as suggested in the literature. Significance: Our findings suggest less influence of the CEO, as an upper-echelon member, on companies’ behaviour, such as corporate tax avoidance, than other published studies have found. Moreover, the findings indicate that the tax knowledge and awareness construed as a CEO effect, does not influence corporate tax avoidance. In the main, the results provide little support for claims made by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, the chartered accountant’s regulatory body, that chartered accountants can help companies to avoid tax to increase profits. This may sway society’s view of the chartered accountant and their role in the South African economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NTT QONOQ was created by NTT DOCOMO, which focuses on communication between people. NTT QONOQ aims to create new experiences that zigzag between real and digital spaces with the hopes to enrich people's minds and energize society, going beyond distance, time, and imagination. We interviewed Seiji Maruyama, president and chief executive officer of NTT QONOQ, who is working toward creating a market for extended reality (XR), about the status of the company's business and his mindset as a top executive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current economic realities of the business world require firms to focus on all areas of organizational activities necessary to implementing a chosen course of action. It has been asserted that deploying information technology strategy can be quite helpful in engendering sustainable growth, greener corporate environment, and promoting environmental consciousness. In corporate governance, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are saddled with the responsibility of designing firm's strategies for competitiveness and they do this based on their assessment of risk involved, the long term nature, and uncertainty connected with IT strategies. This study therefore examined whether IT strategy moderates the nexus between CEO equity based compensation and firm's competitiveness. To investigate this, the study used firm-level secondary data of 106 quoted firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group for the period 2011 - 2020. Ordinary least square and panel data estimation techniques were used. The Hausman test conducted to choose between fixed effect and random effect models revealed the appropriateness of the random effect model. In the OLS and random effect models, the coefficient of CEO equity compensation was negative, implying that higher CEO compensation is not contemporaneous with higher firm's competitiveness. However, this estimate is not statistically significant and so the weight of this negative relationship is rather insignif icant. The introduction of IT strategy as a moderator into the model produced positive interaction effect on firm's competitiveness. Overall, there is the tendency for CEO compensation to enhance firm's competitiveness in the presence of IT strategy. Accordingly, IT enabled greener corporate environment encourages competitiveness and firm's sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While extensive understanding of headship has emerged over the last half-century, the notion of executive headship remains under-explored. This article summarizes a systematic review of evidence relating to executive headship published since 2001. This review found the overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed articles into executive headship are small-scale or largely theoretical in nature. Meanwhile, the few larger-scale studies completed have generally been published directly by their commissioning body. Consequently, much is known about the policy and philosophical drivers behind the emergence of this role in English schools, but markedly less on its operationalization in practice. Furthermore, while few attempts have been made to assess the prevalence of this role, there is nevertheless some evidence (albeit limited) that executive headship can positively impact on organizational effectiveness and pupil outcomes. This article recommends that further research be undertaken into understanding how the role is performed in practice, its strengths and limitations, implications for governance, the characteristics it demands of leaders in practice and the support they require. Furthermore, parallels between this and similar roles in other countries (such as superintendents in the US) should also be examined to identify further lessons on how executive headship can best be utilized both strategically and operationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the concept of a Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) has been developed to highlight the need for precise and well-characterised measurements tailored explicitly to the post-launch calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of Earth observation satellite missions. The confidence that stems from robust, unambiguous uncertainty assessment of space observations is fundamental to assessing the changes in the Earth system and climate model prediction and delivering the essential evidence-based input for policy makers and society striving to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The underlying concept of an FRM has long been a core element of a Cal/Val program, providing a 'trustable' reference against which performance can be anchored or assessed. The 'FRM' label was created to embody into such a reference a set of key criteria. These criteria included the establishment of documented evidence of uncertainty with respect to a community-agreed reference (ideally SI-traceable) and specific tailoring to the needs of a satellite mission. It therefore facilitates comparison and interoperability between products and missions in a cost-efficient manner. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group Cal/Val (WGCV) is now putting in place a framework to assess the maturity and compliance of a 'Cal/Val reference measurement' in terms of a set of community-agreed criteria which define it to be of CEOS-FRM quality. The assessment process is based on a maturity matrix that provides a visual assessment of the state of any FRM against each of a set of given criteria, making visible where it is mature and where evolution and effort are still needed. This paper provides the overarching definition of what constitutes an FRM and introduces the new CEOS-FRM assessment framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, zirconium oxide (ZrO)-cerium oxide (CeO) based composite coatings were fabricated using doctor blade method to protect pure magnesium from corrosion. The effects of ZrO and CeO on corrosion resistance of magnesium coatings were investigated using Tafel polarization method. Uniform deposition of composite coating without micro-voids was observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results exhibit that the addition of CeO show a higher corrosion resistance in comparison with the specimen coated without CeO in the electrolyte and bare Mg, and also it reduces the corrosion rate of Mg up to 3.67 x 10-5 mpy. Surface morphology of the so developed composite coating result a minimum corrosion on the surface. The usage of ZrO/CeO as coating material is a promising anticorrosive measure for Mg and its alloys due to its elevated corrosion resistance and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on business leadership, specifically on chief executive officers (CEOs). To document the psychological impacts of the pandemic on corporate leadership, this study analyzed the language of CEOs during company quarterly earnings calls (N = 19,536) one year before and after the onset of the pandemic. Following the start of lockdowns, CEOs exhibited significant language shifts. Analytic thinking declined, and their language became less technical and more personal and intuitive. CEOs also showed signs of increased cognitive load as they grappled with the pandemic's impact on their business practices. The study observed a substantial decrease in collective-focused language (we-usage) among CEOs, indicative of disconnection from their companies. Concurrently, there was an increase in self-focused (I-usage) language, suggesting heightened preoccupation among business leaders. The observed language changes reflect the unique effect of the pandemic on CEOs, which had some notable differences compared to the general population. This study sheds light on how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced business leaders' psychological states and decision-making strategies—processes that have a substantial impact on a company's performance. The findings underscore the importance of language data in understanding large-scale societal events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses electoral integrity and malpractice in Russia from the point of view of the people who make it happen: political strategists, CEOs, and government representatives. The original dataset, encompassing 75 in-depth interviews collected in selected Russian regions in 2018-19, suggests that a wide range of practices are employed to maintain the power of the ruling elite, from legal and ethical ones to morally gray and completely unethical ones. The techniques used have evolved with the general political situation in the country and can be clustered into five periods: 1991−1995, 1996−1999, 2000−2010, 2010−2017, and since 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the impact of liberal judge ideology, as an exogenous proxy for ex-ante litigation risk, on firm-level climate-change exposure (CCE). Consistent with the idea that liberal courts provide an external agency-mitigating influence, we find that United States (U.S.) firms headquartered in states covered by judicial circuits that are more likely to be dominated by liberal judges have lower CCE. We also show that the negative association between liberal court and CCE is more pronounced for firms with lower corporate-social-responsibility (CSR) performance, higher short-term [myopic] institutional ownership, powerful chief executive officers (CEOs), or weaker governance. Our findings are robust to considerations of alternative measures of our main variables and several tests for endogeneity concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]