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Highlights A novel gradient-layered architecture based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres (HLNPs)-intercalated MXene layers was created to fabricate highly stretchable (600%) and durable (1000 cycling) supercapacitor electrodes. The architecture reduced the overstacking of MXene, and the micro-chamber structure of HLNPs better utilized lignin’s pseudocapacitive property to improve ion and electron accessibility (specific capacitance reached 1273 mF cm−2). HLNPs enhanced mechanical durability and capacitive stability of the integrated wrinkled electrodes during the stretch-release cycling.

Objective To prepare a high performance electrochemical immunosensor for detecting Brucella abortus (B. abortus). Methods Prussian blue (PB), multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs)(PB-MWCNTs-GNPs) nanocomposites were prepared, and appropriate antibody was used to construct the immunosensor for detecting B. abortus samples. The optimal conditions were clarified by examining the key factors in sensor construction, and then the performance of the sensor was evaluated. Results The optimal construction conditions were determined as follows: the ratio of MWCNTs-PB was 1 ∶5, the drying temperature was 37 ℃, the pH value of buffer system was 7.5, and the incubation time of antibody and sample was 1 h and 30 min, respectively. B. abortus exhibited a good linear relationship, when ranging from 10 to 1×105 CFU/mL. The sensor had good anti-interference ability, repeatability, stability and high accuracy. Conclusion Our prepared PB-MWCNTs GNPs nanomaterials modified electrochemical immunosensor for detecting B. abortus is easy to prepare, has good performance, and can provide reference for the early clinical diagnosis of brucellosis.

[Objective] To solve the problem of poor manual detection accuracy of traditional grain and chaff separator and improve production efficiency. [Methods] An image detection method based on machine vision was proposed, which realized the feature recognition and separation of grain rough through multi-stage progressive fusion of different image algorithms. The acquired images were selected in the ROI region and enhanced by Retinex algorithm. The Otsu algorithm was used to segment the image, and then the median filtering wwas combined with morphology to remove the image noise. The improved Canny algorithm was used to detect edge features of binary images, and the position information of the contour of the valley rough image was extracted by combining the Hough transform. Finally, the state estimation of the position information was performed by using the Kalman filter, and the best predicted value of the separated position was obtained, while the position offset error was reduced. [Results] The average detection error of the system was 3.14 mm, a decrease of 1.82 mm compared to before filtering, and the average standard deviation of filtering error was 0.8 mm. [Conclusion] This method can effectively detect the grain rough feature information and improve the separation accuracy.

This paper presents a method to establish typical operating conditions for train traction systems by combining site-based short trip analysis with nonparametric tests, in order to overcome various obstacles, such as inadequate efficiency testing results based on rated points of train traction systems, which often fail to accurately reflect the actual energy efficiency level of systems during long-distance operation under multiple conditions, and the existing absence of typical operating conditions essential for supporting the evaluation of traction systems' energy efficiency levels and guiding the energy-saving design of products. First, short trips were categorized, screened and randomly combined. Then, the optimal short-trip combination was identified through nonparametric tests. Subsequently, the typical operating conditions were developed, taking the traction system of an electric locomotive model as a case study. Furthermore, the proposed method was verified by analyzing errors in operating characteristic parameters and assessing the similarities in velocity-force (V-F) distribution probability two-dimensional matrix. The verification results revealed a deviation between the constructed typical operating conditions and the characteristic values derived from sampled data at 4.54%, and the consistency in V-F distribution probabilities at 98.06%. These findings indicate that the method proposed in this paper accurately reflects the actual operating characteristics of train traction systems, with the established typical operating conditions closely aligning with the actual operating conditions of train traction systems, underscoring their potential for aiding in energy-saving design and energy efficiency evaluation for train traction systems.

To evaluate the plan quality and robustness of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for breast cancer, 50 patients, including 25 patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCR) and 25 patients who received postmastectomy radiotherapy (PRT), were selected for this study. Nominal VMAT and IMRT plans were generated for each patient on Eclipse treatment planning system (version 15.6). The dosimetric metrics, dose distribution, gamma passing rate, and delivery time were compared. In addition, 12 uncertainty plans with plan isocenter uncertainty and CT density uncertainty were recalculated based on the nominal plans for each patient. The dose volume histogram (DVH) band width (DVHBW) was adopted to quantify the plan robustness of the nominal plans for the perturbed scenarios in this study. For BCR, the dosimetric metrics except planning target volume (PTV) conformal index (CI) and ipsilateral lung V 5 were not statistically different for IMRT and VMAT plans. PTV CI of VMAT plans was better than that of IMRT plans (VMAT: 0.923 ± 0.024, IMRT: 0.855 ± 0.032, p = 0.003). The ipsilateral lung V 5 of VMAT plan was higher than that of IMRT plan (VMAT: 42.4% ± 2.8%, IMRT: 40.5% ± 4.0%, p = 0.045). The VMAT plans save more than 1.20 min compared to the IMRT plans (VMAT: 0.87 min, IMRT: 2.08 min, p < 0.001). The gamma passing rates of VMAT plans were better than those of IMRT plans (3 mm/3%, VMAT: 99.7% ± 0.2%, IMRT: 99.4% ± 0.4%, p < 0.001; 2 mm/2%, VMAT: 97.2% ± 1.0%, IMRT: 96.9% ± 0.6%, p = 0.108). For PRT, the dosimetric metrics of VMAT plans, including PTV D mean, homogeneity index (HI), CI, and D max of spinal cord, were significantly better than those of IMRT plans. The VMAT plans save more than 45% time compared with IMRT plans (VMAT: 1.54 min, IMRT: 2.81 min, p < 0.001). The difference in gamma passing rates between VMAT plans and IMRT plans was not statistically significant. For the plan robustness, the DVHBW of VMAT plans and IMRT plans for BCR were 2.09% ± 0.23% and 2.98% ± 0.40%, respectively (p < 0.05). For PRT, the DVHBW of VMAT plans was significantly better than those of IMRT plans (VMAT: 3.05% ± 0.26%, IMRT: 3.57% ± 0.27%, p < 0.05). The results show that the dosimetric metrics of VMAT plans were comparable to those of IMRT plans. More importantly, the VMAT plans had excited dose distribution and fast execution efficiency. The plan robustness of VMAT plans were superior.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 /TLR9 agonists, Pam2CSK4 (Pam) and CpG ODN (CpG) on mice infected with Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) in the lungs. Methods Female C57 mice (6~8 weeks old) were randomly divided into PBS, Pam, CpG and Pam+CpG groups. In 24 h after intranasal immunization with different doses of the corresponding agonists, the mice were given a lethal dose of Ab infection in the lungs, and the survival rates of the mice were observed. A sublethal dose lung infection model of Ab was then established, and the bacterial colonization in the blood, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen was measured respectively in the mice after infection. HE staining was used to observe the pathological damages in the lungs and kidneys. The protective effect of the agonists in the immunized mice against Ab was examined at 1, 3 and 7 d after immunization to explore the protective time window. Pam+CpG was used to stimulate A549 cells and RAW264.7 cells to investigate the killing or phagocytic effects on Ab. Results Compared to PBS, Pam+CpG treatment significantly improved the survival rate of the mice after a lethal dose of Ab lung infection (P

Temperature rise measurement is crucial for evaluating the performance of motors and ensuring their safe operation. In order to more effectively, accurately, and scientifically evaluate temperature rise measurement results for traction motors, the incorporation of the measurement uncertainty concept holds practical significance. This paper proposes a method for evaluating uncertainties in temperature rise measurement of traction motors based on technical specifications outlined in JJF 1059.1-2012 Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement. The current study started with a comprehensive analysis of uncertainty sources in temperature rise measurement results of traction motors using the standard IEC 60349-2:2010 Electric traction-Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles-Part 2: Electronic converter-fed alternating current motors. Subsequently, an uncertainty evaluation model was constructed, and practical examples were used to evaluate measurement uncertainties, specifically involving standard uncertainty evaluation and calculations of uncertainties in synthesis and extension. The results showed that, with a confidence probability of 95%, the motor temperature rise measurement result stood at 79.22 K, containing an extension uncertainty of 1.30 K, which quantitatively characterized the quality of the test results. The proposed method provides a technical basis for determining the confidence level of temperature rise measurement results for rolling stock traction motors, while offering guidance for evaluating uncertainties in temperature rise measurement for motor winding, especially concerning curve fitting using the least squares method.

Influence of color fixation agent (CFA) and dyebath pH in secondary alcohol ethoxylate (SAE)-based reverse micellar dyeing system of cotton with reactive dyes was investigated and compared with water-based dyeing system using different alkali (i.e. CFA) such as: (i) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (ii) sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and (iii) sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The color, tensile strength, fastness and surface morphological properties of dyed samples were examined. Experimental results showed that samples dyed with Na2CO3 can achieve the highest color yield, followed by NaHCO3 and NaOH in both water-based and reverse micellar dyeing system. The color yield and reflectance percentage of the dyed cotton samples were found to be closely related to the dyebath pH value. Relative unlevelness indices (RUI) also reflected that cotton samples dyed with NaOH in reverse micellar dyeing system have a higher chance of color unlevelness when compared with NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. Tensile strength results affirm that higher alkalinity of dyebath could cause higher strength loss to the colored cotton samples. Both cotton samples dyed by water and SAE approach showed good to excellent color fastness properties while scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images exhibit that the use of different alkalis may cause some damage to the cotton fiber.

PurposeHow cortical functional reorganization occurs after hearing loss in preschool children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is poorly understood. Therefore, we used resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to explore the characteristics of cortical reorganization in these patents.MethodsSixty-three preschool children with CSNHL and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) scores were determined at the 6-month follow-up after cochlear implantation (CI). First, rs-fMRI data were preprocessed, and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated. Second, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed using bilateral primary auditory cortex as seed points. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the differential ALFF, ReHo and FC values and the CAP score.ResultsALFF analysis showed that preschool children with CSNHL had lower ALFF values in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus than HCs, but higher ALFF values in the bilateral thalamus and calcarine gyrus. And correlation analysis showed that some abnormal brain regions were weak negatively correlated with CAP score (p

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, volatile components, and biological activity of pickled bamboo shoots in the Guangxi and Guangdong regions, as well as the regional characteristics and flavor formation mechanisms of these pickled bamboo shoots. Methods: Physical and chemical experiments were used to analyze the major components in fermented bamboo shoots and their extracts. The volatile flavor components in fermented bamboo shoots were identified and analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS）. The antioxidant activity of fermented bamboo shoot extracts was evaluated using in vitro antioxidant activity methods （ABTS free radical scavenging method, DPPH free radical scavenging method, and FRAP method）. Results: There were no significant differences in moisture, pH, total soluble sugars, fats, amino acid nitrogen, and nitrite content between the pickled bamboo shoots from Guangxi Liuzhou Tianyi Agricultural Technology Co Ltd （hereinafter referred to as GXLZTY） and those from the Shaoguan Nanxiong Agricultural Trade Market in Northern Guangdong （hereinafter referred to as GDYBNX）. However, there were significant differences between the two in terms of chloride, total acids, proteins, dietary fibers, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and mineral element content. Analysis of volatile components indicated that the main constituents in GXLZTY fermented bamboo shoots were P-cresol, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanol, and sulfur dioxide, while the primary components in fermented bamboo shoots from GDYBNX were p-cresol, acetic acid, and serinol. Antioxidant activity test results showed that the GXLZTY sour bamboo shoot extracts were superior in terms of clearing ABTS free radicals, DPPH free radicals, and FRAP activity compared to the extracts from GDYBNX. Conclusion: GXLZTY fermented bamboo shoots have higher nutritional value and antioxidant activity. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the fermentation process and industrial production of fermented bamboo shoots.

Background Patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by gastroesophageal variceal and rupture hemorrhage have a certain probability of rebleeding events after endoscopic treatment, and the bleeding volume of rebleeding events is greater with higher risk, which seriously affects the survival rates of patients. Objective To investigate the independent risk factors of rebleeding events within 3 years after endoscopic treatment in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage, construct a nomogram risk prediction model and validate it internally. Methods Four hundred and three patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for liver cirrhosis associated gastroesophageal varices at the Tangdu Hospital and Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from 2011-2022 were retrospectively collected and divided into the rebleeding group (n=252) and control group (n=151) based on the presence of rebleeding within 3 years. The general data and auxiliary examination results of the patients between both groups were compared, and the statistically significant factors were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis to analyze the independent risk factors. These data were then input into the R language software to construct a nomogram risk prediction model by using a specific program package. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking〔OR=2.499, 95%CI (1.232, 5.066), P=0.011〕, portal vein internal diameter〔OR=1.047, 95%CI (1.028, 1.066), P

Spintronic terahertz (THz) emission via spin-to-charge conversion (SCC) has been widely studied in ferromagnets (FM)/nonmagnets (NM) structures, in which various mechanisms of SCC have been confirmed in different NM materials. However, it is rare to find a material having multiple SCC mechanisms at the same time. Here, we report a ferromagnetic metal Ni film with diverse functions in the SCC process, by performing THz emission experiments in single Ni layer, FM/Ni, Ni/NM bilayers and FM/Ni/NM trilayers. It is demonstrated that in Ni monolayer, THz emission is radiated by the anomalous Hall effect and ultrafast demagnetization of Ni film. In FM/Ni, the Ni film acts as an SCC implementer and THz emission is mainly generated by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) of Ni. In Ni/NM, the Ni film acts as a spin injector and provides spin currents to be converted to charge current via ISHE of heavy metal NM, inducing THz emission. In FM/Ni/NM, THz emission mainly comes from ISHE of FM/Ni, Ni/NM, and FM/NM, and their domination is relative to Ni thickness. Our findings show a ferromagnetic film not only acts as a spin injector but also as an SCC implementer, providing a new concept to design spintronic THz emitters.

Aiming at the problems of high stochasticity and volatility of power loads as well as the difficulty of accurate load forecasting, this paper proposes a power load forecasting method based on CEEMDAN (Completely Integrated Empirical Modal Decomposition) and TCN-LSTM (Temporal Convolutional Networks and Long-Short-Term Memory Networks). The method combines the decomposition of raw load data by CEEMDAN and the spatio-temporal modeling capability of TCN-LSTM model, aiming to improve the accuracy and stability of forecasting. First, the raw load data are decomposed into multiple linearly stable subsequences by CEEMDAN, and then the sample entropy is introduced to reorganize each subsequence. Then the reorganized sequences are used as inputs to the TCN-LSTM model to extract sequence features and perform training and prediction. The modeling prediction is carried out by selecting the electricity compliance data of New South Wales, Australia, and compared with the traditional prediction methods. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and better prediction effect on load forecasting, which can provide a partial reference for electricity load forecasting methods.

Inconel 617 nickel-based superalloy with 3 mm wall thickness was welded by laser beam using two different heat input welding parameters. The microstructure of the welded joint was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties of the welded joint at room temperature (25℃) and high temperature (900℃) were tested. The results show that the laser welding heat input has a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 617 welded joints. The front width of the laser weld obtained by high heat input (200 J/mm) process parameters is 3.88 mm. The grain size in the middle of the weld fusion zone is coarse, and the grain orientation is disordered. The secondary dendrite arm spacing in the middle of the weld is large (6.71 μm). The carbide particle size between the dendrites is coarse, and the solidification microsegregation of Mo, Cr alloy elements is serious. The width of heat affected zone is about 0.29 mm. The eutectic structure of γ+carbide is formed in the grain boundary and grain interior. This is because during the heating process of the welding, the spherical carbide particles and the surrounding austenite in the heat-affected zone liquefy and the eutectic structure is formed during the solidification process after welding. The front width of the laser weld obtained by low heat input (90 J/mm) process parameters is 2.28 mm, the grains inside the weld are columnar which is formed by epitaxial growth along the fusion line and directional solidification along the heat flow direction. The secondary dendrite arm spacing in the middle of the weld is small (2.26 μm), the carbide particles between dendrites are small, and the width of heat affected zone is about 0.15 mm. The tensile strength test at room temperature (25℃) shows that the welded joints obtained under high heat input fracture from the middle of the weld, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease, which is caused by the segregation of solid solution elements in the weld. The welded joints obtained under low heat input fracture from the base metal. At high temperature (900℃), all samples fracture from the base metal, which is due to the weakening of the grain boundary of the base metal at high temperatures.

Vaccines are the most economical and effective means to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Adjuvants are able to enhance antigen-specific immune responses, reduce antigen doses and vaccination times, and reshape adaptive immune responses, which are crucial to improving the protective efficacy of vaccines. In this article, we review the mechanisms and advantages/disadvantages of the adjuvants used in COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for emergency use or are undergoing clinical trials around the world, and analyze the issues that must be considered in the application of adjuvants to COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, we put forward suggestions for future research strategies for COVID-19 vaccine adjuvants: ① adjuvants for immunocompromised people, ② adjuvants for inducing T cell responses, ③ novel mucosal immune adjuvants, and ④ the rational design of combination adjuvant.

Wildlife-vehicle collision (WVC) has been a significant threat to endangered species in Malaysia. Due to excessive development, tropical rainforests and their inhabitants have been edged towards extinction. Road buildings and other linear infrastructures, for instance, have caused forest destruction and forced wild animals to come out from their natural habitats to compete for resources with the human-beings. In Malaysia, much precious wildlife have been lost due to road accidents. Road signs and warning lights have been set up near wildlife crossing, but these do not help much. In this paper, we aim to propose a wildlife surveillance mechanism to detect the existence of wildlife near roadways using visual and audio input. Machine learning classifiers, including Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Naive Bayes, are adopted in the study. We focus on five types of the most frequently occurring wildlife on the roads: elephants, tapirs, Malayan bears, tigers, and wild boars. Experimental results demonstrate that a good accuracy as high as 99% can be achieved using the proposed approach. On the other hand, the Naïve Bayes classifier ranks the lowest in performance with an accuracy value only up to 86%.

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are a leading cause of communicable disease in community and nosocomial settings. They are responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Researchers currently pursue novel antimicrobials from natural sources against non-traditional drug targets of staphylococci to ensure a pipeline of potent drugs, in the face of rising drug resistance. The focus of this study was to screen compounds from a freshwater isolate of Chlorella sorokiniana for anti-staphylococcal activity, using traditional microbiology, phytochemical analysis and bioinformatics approaches. Methods: Chlorella sorokiniana methanol extract was investigated for its antimicrobial potential on Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC and MRSA isolates) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion, broth microdilution, cell cytotoxicity and thin layer chromatography-bioautography (TLC-BA). Two antimicrobial TLC-BA antimicrobial fractions (A and B) were subject to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The structures of 9 compounds representing GCMS peaks were tested in silico, for their pharmacokinetic properties and binding energy efficiency with the target, using Molinspiration tool and Autodock 4.2. Results: Mean zone diameter of inhibition of growth by CSME (20 mg) was 21 mm, MIC/MBC was 0.31/2.5 mg/L. GCMS analysis of TLC fraction-A revealed 31 phytochemicals, of which 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4-methyl- had the highest area % (65.61) and TLC fraction-B revealed 4 peaks of which pentadecanoic acid and 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate had the highest area % (45.57, 48.09).In silico analysis of 9 peak compounds on the target of interest showed that compound 2: 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4-methyl- and compound 7: 1,2 – benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono (2- ethylhexyl) ester, satisfied Lipinski’s rule of 5, and displayed the least binding energies −6.93 and −5.74 with ClpP protease, thus holding pharmaceutical potential, and supporting further investment into in vitro and in vivo studies. Conclusions: C. sorokiniana, a less studied microalga thus offers a promising natural resource for anti-MRSA phytochemicals, capable of targeting ClpP1 protease.(290 words)

Previous studies have explored the use of engineered blinatumomab-secreting autologous αβ T cells for CD19-targeted cancer therapy. To create a more flexible allogeneic delivery system, we utilized γ9δ2 T cells rather than αβ T cells in a similar application. First, we showed that γ9δ2 T cells could serve as effector cells for blinatumomab, and these effector memory cells could survive for at least 7 days after infusion. The genetically modified blinatumomab-secreting γ9δ2 T cells induced significant cytotoxicity in CD19+ tumor cell lines and primary cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Of note, blinatumomab-secreting γ9δ2 T cells might also exhibit dual-targeting of CD19 and isopentenyl pyrophosphate, a universal tumor-associated antigen. Furthermore, blinatumomab-secreting γ9δ2 T cells killed CD19-transfected adherent cells, suggesting that the γ9δ2 T cells might be effective for treating solid tumors with appropriate cancer antigens. Together, these results demonstrate the promise of blinatumomab-secreting γ9δ2 T cells as a cancer therapy.

This work aims to examine the feasibility of using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based reverse micellar dyeing system for dyeing cotton fabric with the use of hot type trichloropyrimidine (TCP)-based reactive dyes and to evaluate the possibility of saving the dyeing energy used during the dyeing process. Experimental results show that fabrics dyed in reverse micellar system at 90°C can achieve higher color yield than the conventional water-based system at the same temperature. Further experiments using reverse micellar system for dyeing cotton at 80°C (a reduction of working temperature of 10°C) provided color yield comparable to that of conventional water-based system except the use of yellow dye. Both water-dyed and octane-dyed samples had good to excellent levelness, washing and rubbing fastness and 98.5% of octane could be recycled after distillation. Reflectance curves were identical in shape and the SEM images showed neither of the dyeing systems caused any significant damage to cotton fibers. These findings validated the possibility of using reverse micellar dyeing system for hot type TCP-based reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics at lower coloration temperature and energy consumption.

Reverse micellar dyeing of cotton woven fabrics with natural and biodegradable alkyl polyglucoside-based (APG-based) nonionic surfactant in decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) non-aqueous medium with reactive dyes of different functional groups was investigated and compared with conventional aqueous water-based dyeing in terms of reflectance, color yield, levelness, CIE L*a*b* values, washing fastness and color fading properties. Experimental results have revealed that APG reverse micellar method can provide a higher color yield (K/Ssum value) and lower color reflectance (better dye uptake) than conventional water-based method, along with comparable washing fastness, leveling and color fading properties. Hetero-bifunctional reactive dyes can attain the highest color yield, followed by homo-bifunctional reactive dyes and mono-functional reactive dyes. Mono-functional reactive dyes and homo-bifunctional reactive dyes produce the best levelling properties with smallest levelness variation when compared with that of hetero-bifunctional reactive dyes in non-aqueous D5 dyeing medium.

This study investigates the feasibility of using biodegradable secondary alcohol ethoxylate (SAE) non-ionic surfactant as a building block for the formation of reverse micelles, functioning as reactive dye carriers for the dyeing of cotton fabric in non-aqueous octane medium. Ten dyeing parameters were optimised, by a one-factor-at-a-time approach, namely: (i) effect of colour fixation agent; (ii) surfactant-to-water mole ratio; (iii) surfactant-to-co-surfactant mole ratio; (iv) volume of soda ash; (v) volume of dye; (vi) solvent-to-cotton ratio; (vii) dyeing temperature; (viii) dyeing time; (ix) fixation time; (x) soda-ash-to-cotton ratio. The colour properties, fastness properties and physical properties of SAE-dyed samples were experimentally compared with the conventional water-dyed samples. The optimised condition was found when SAE samples were dyed as follows: (a) 1:20 surfactant-to-water ratio; (b) 1:8 surfactant-to-co-surfactant ratio; (c) 10:1 solvent ratio; (d) 40 min dyeing time; (e) 60 min fixation time; and (f) 70 °C dyeing and fixation temperature. The results showed that SAE-dyed samples have better colour strength, lower reflectance percentage and comparable levelness, fastness and physical properties than that of water-dyed samples. SEM images revealed that the dyed cotton fibres had no severe surface damage caused by an SAE-based reverse micellar dyeing system. The TEM image depicts that the reverse micelle was of nanoscale, spherical-shaped and had a core–shell structure, validating the presence of reverse micelle as a reactive dye carrier and the potential of an SAE-based reverse micellar system for dyeing of cotton fabrics.

Possible issues during mining of the upper coal seam in old goaf of nearby coal seams, including step subsidence, gas overflow in goaf, and roadway around rock fragmentation. Using the Hanjiawa Coal Mine’s upper coal seam mining, which takes place 28 m above the working face of the lower coal seam, as the research’s focal point. The paper focuses on the self-stability of the coal pillar in the old goaf, the failure form of the upper coal seam mining floor, the roof caving rule of the old goaf in the lower coal seam mining of the upper coal seam, and the bearing capacity of the interlayer rock strata using the pillar goaf stability evaluation system, field geological borehole electrical logging and borehole peeping, finite element difference numerical calculation, and other methods. The conclusion that the old goaf’s coal pillar can be completely stable and that the interlayer rock strata can bear the stress of upper coal seam mining is reached. The results show that the failure depth of the coal pillar in the lower coal seam old goaf is 1–3 m, the maximum failure depth accounting for 15% of the width of the coal pillar, and the failure depth of the roof in the old goaf is 0–3 m; After the mining of the upper coal seam, the floor above the coal pillar of the lower coal seam is plastic failure, and the failure depth is 1–10 m, and the failure depth of the roof of the old goaf of the lower coal seam is 3–15 m, which is 4 times greater than that before the mining. The maximum failure depth of the interlayer rock strata is 22 m, accounting for 78.6% of the rock strata spacing. The interlayer rock strata can bear the mining disturbance of the upper coal seam. The plastic zone of the floor of the upper coal seam is not connected with the plastic zone of the roof of the lower coal seam.

This research constructed a relationship model between human capital, social capital, and the employability of college students. With two moderating variables introduced, the perception reduction of employment opportunities under the COVID-19 epidemic and future career clarity, this research studied the direct impact of human capital and social capital on the employability of college students and boundary conditions. Research data from 810 employed Chinese college graduates shows that both human capital and social capital have a positive and significant impact on the employability; the perception reduction of employment opportunities under the COVID-19 epidemic negatively regulates the relationship between human capital and the employability of college students; the future career clarity positively regulates the relationship between human capital and the employability of college students; the perception reduction of employment opportunities under COVID-19 epidemic and the future career clarity jointly regulate the relationship between human capital, social capital and the employability of college students. These conclusions enrich the relevant theoretical and practical research on the employability of college students under the COVID-19 epidemic.

To assess and predict the food safety risk of benzopyrene (BaP) in edible oils in China, this study collected national sampling data of edible oils from 20 Chinese provinces and their prefectures in 2019, and constructed a risk assessment model of BaP in edible oils with consumption data. Initially, the k-means algorithm was used for risk classification; then the data were pre-processed and trained to predict the data using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models, respectively, and finally, the two models were combined using the inverse error method. To test the effectiveness of the prediction model, this study experimentally validated the model according to five evaluation metrics: root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), precision, recall, and F1 score. The variable-weight combined LSTM-XGBoost prediction model proposed in this paper achieved a precision of 94.62%, and the F1 score value reached 95.16%, which is significantly better than other neural network models; the results demonstrate that the prediction model has certain stability and feasibility. Overall, the combined model used in this study not only improves the accuracy but also enhances the practicality, real-time capabilities, and expandability of the model.