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As shale oil exploration and development intensifies， the experimental technologies for shale oil development have been continuously improved while inheriting the experimental technologies and methods of conventional reservoirs and shale gas reservoirs， and a set of experimental technology systems of reservoir physics and flow mechanisms has been initially formed， which provides strong technical support for geological evaluation of shale reservoirs， reservoir engineering optimization design， and enhanced oil recovery. The development status of six experimental technologies in China and abroad， including porosity， permeability， oil-water saturation， wettability， relative permeability， and imbibition， was systematically summarized. In view of the characteristics of continental shale oil， such as low maturity， strong heterogeneity， and well-developed lamina and micro-fractures， the measurement methods and principles， key influencing factors， control conditions of experiments， advantages and disadvantages and technical applicability of experiment methods were analyzed. The main problems， development trends， and research direction of these experimental technologies were put forward. The results show that ① unifying the cleaning agent and cleaning time of rock samples is the key to improving the comparability of different measurement methods of porosity， and nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of porosity is the technological development direction to meet the needs of rapid analysis in mining fields； ② the irregular and multi-directional permeability measurement technology capable of simulating formation pressure changes is the future technological development direction； ③ the alcohol soaking method and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance （T1-T2） method are the technological development direction of the determination of shale oil-water saturation， but they still face the problem of the influence of clay bound water and adsorbed oil on the determination accuracy； ④ the droplet morphology method is one of the future development directions of measurement technology of shale reservoir wettability， which requires further research and unified standards in experimental methods and comprehensive evaluation methods for surface wetting and spontaneous imbibition processes； ⑤ the combination of experimental measurement and numerical method is an effective way to obtain the relative permeability of shale reservoirs， and the micro-oil and water metering， end-effect correction， as well as technologies and methods considering the time-varying pressure are the key directions； ⑥ pressure imbibition measurement method should be used to evaluate imbibition effect and optimize well kill time in elastic development after fracturing. Pressure imbibition measurement methods based on nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum， stratification T2 spectrum， and T1-T2 spectrum will be one of the essential technological development directions.

Abstract Wear simulations of UHMWPE can economically and conveniently predict the performance of wear resistant bushings used for sealing or other reciprocating unidirectional sliding motion. In this study, pin on plate tribological experiments and microscopic analysis was done to obtained the wear profiles, wear volume and wear mechanism of UHMWPE against the counterface with different surface roughness of which Ra range is 0.03 ~ 2 μm. Meanwhile, the 3D wear simulation model of the pin on plate tribological experiments was established to discuss the adaptability of the energy and Archard wear model by analyzing the difference of wear profiles and wear volume between the experiment and simulation. The results indicate that with an increase in the counterface roughness, the wear simulation of UHMWPE estimated by the energy model were more accurate in reciprocating unidirectional sliding motion.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of Jianpi Bushen Yishi Formula on dry age-related macular degeneration(dARMD)induced by sodium iodate in mice and its mechanism.METHODS: A total of 27 SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank, model and traditional Chinese medicine groups, with 9 in each group, the structure and morphology of the retina were observed by Hematoxylin-Ehong(HE)staining, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the retina were observed by fluorescence staining with dihydroethidium(DHE). In addition, malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)expression levels in mouse retina were detected by biochemical kit, and expression levels of silent information regulator type 1(SIRT1)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α(PGC-1α)protein in mouse retina were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: Retinal structure and morphology of the model group showed a slight or mild decrease in the number of cells in the outer nuclear layer, a localized thinning of the outer nuclear layer, an inconspicuous demarcation between the outer and outer membranes, a slight or mild swelling of retinal pigment epithelial cells, and a slight or mild disturbance in the arrangement of retinal cells; while retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor layers in the traditional Chinese medicine group were significantly improved. DHE staining fluorescence results showed that the ROS level in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group at 14 d after modeling(P

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on fruit quality of pitaya under the condition of calcareous soil in karst area were discussed in order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application level on fruit quality of pitaya under calcareous soil condition in karst area. The ‘Taiwan Dahong’ pitaya were used as the experiment material. Based on 0.216 kg of phosphorus (P) and 0.324 kg of potassium (K), four nitrogen (N) application levels (CK, T1, T2, T3) were setted. Twenty-one fruit quality indexes were determined, and the quality differences of pitaya with different N application levels (CK, T1, T2, T3) were compared. At the same time, eleven appearance quality indexes were comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with the control, N application could increase the contents of soluble sugar and soluble solids of fruit, reduce the contents of protein and dietary fiber, and the high nitrogen treatment (T3) was significantly different from other treatments. With the increase of N application, the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C of fruit increased firstly and then decreased, while the solid-acid ratio decreased firstly and then increased. T3 significantly increased the fruit vertical and horizontal diameters, fruit shape index and single fruit weight. (2) Compared with the control, N application treatment reduced the N content of pitaya fruit and increased the P content, and the N and P contents of each treatment were significantly different. The K content of fruit increased with the increase of N application. N application increased fruit boron (B) content and decreased fruit cuprum (Cu) content. The contents of manganese (Mn), ferrum (Fe), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in different treatments were ranked as T3 > T1 > CK > T2. The content of zinc (Zn) decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of N application. (3) The principal component comprehensive evaluation score of the high N treatment was the highest, indicating that when selecting brown calcareous soil in Guilin karst area to grow pitaya, supplemented by a certain amount of P and K fertilizers, high N treatment was more conducive to improving the quality of pitaya. Therefore, in actual production, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments according to the soil fertility status of the plantation.

Phosphatidylinositol-3， 4， 5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1 （PREX1） is a coding gene that is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. As a guanine nucleotide exchange factor （RacGEF） of small GTP binding protein Rac1， PREX1 gene-encoded protein can form PREX1/Rac pathway through activating Rac1， crosstalk with a variety of classical signaling pathways， participate in the regulation of various receptor reactions in the tumor process， affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process of the tumor microenvironment and play a role in tumor proliferation，metastasis and prognosis.

ObjectiveTo provide a basis for preventive initiatives against foodborne diseases， the trends of foodborne diseases in China from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted using data on foodborne diseases in China from 2011 to 2020.ResultsA total of 34 588 outbreaks occurred from 2011 to 2020， resulting in 259 481 illnesses， with 60.82% of incidents occurring from June to September. Plant and animal toxicants caused 43.56% of the outbreaks， followed by unknown etiology （35.49%） and bacteria and viruses （16.42%）. Fungi and their products accounted for the highest proportion of events （18.33%） and deaths （52.69%）. Restaurants （49.31%） and households （46.68%） were the most exposed. The average annual growth rate of household outbreaks was the highest （33.66%）.ConclusionPlant and animal toxicants， especially fungi and their products， were the main pathogenic factor of foodborne outbreaks in China in the last 10 years. Epidemic peaks of foodborne pathogens were observed in June and September. The exposure area was dominated by catering service units and households， with a tendency towards households.

A carbon emission monitoring method based on carbon emission flow is proposed for the integrated electricity and gas systems （IEGS）. This method distributes carbon emissions on the generation side to various node loads and branch power， thereby achieving accurate tracking and traceability of carbon emissions. Firstly， the principle of carbon emission flow is introduced. Subsequently， the application of carbon emission flow in the power grid and gas network is investigated. A carbon emission monitoring model for the power grid and gas network is established， and a carbon emission monitoring method is proposed based on the theory of carbon emission flow. Finally， simulation results demonstrate that this carbon emission monitoring method for the integrated energy system can simultaneously elucidate the temporal and spatial carbon footprint of the system， overcoming the limitations of conventional carbon measurement methods that tend to be overly macroscopic.

In this paper, a student education management platform is constructed using ASP.NET development technology. Secondly, a fast CD method is used to update the main parameters of RBM, and multiple restricted Boltzmann machines are used to jointly form a depth-constrained Boltzmann machine for the personalized recommendation of educational management methods. Finally, a performance test analysis was conducted to verify the platform’s effectiveness presented in this paper. The results show that when the number of concurrent users is 600, the maximum response times of student management, faculty management and education management functions are 2.79s, 2.95s and 2.81s, respectively, and the CPU occupancy rate is less than 20%. The education management platform with good performance can help improve and innovate student education management.

The regenerative braking energy of heavy haul railway is abundant but poorly utilized, reflected by low regenerative energy quality and poor economic benefit. In order to reduce cost and save energy, a scheme of regenerative braking energy scheduling system for traction power supply of heavy haul railway is proposed. An energy dispatching device is installed in the section post to realize regenerative braking energy scheduling between adjacent substations. In order to maximize energy-saving effect of the energy dispatching device, this paper focuses on the analysis of the traction energy characteristics of substation, and based on the intermittent condition characteristics of energy dispatching between substations. During the intermittent period of the power dispatching device, the pulse output of the multiplex converter is blocked, so as to reduce the no-load loss of the energy dispatching device. The field practical engineering application shows that the reverse electricity utilization rate of the renewable energy dispatching system is more than 50%, and the positive electricity consumption of the traction power supply system is reduced by more than 2%, thus reducing the electricity cost of the railway power supply department.

Objective: This study aimed to help with determination of optimal raw materials for squid surimi products. Methods: The differences in gel strength, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, rheological properties and chemical interaction force of surimi gels, obtained from three species of squid, were evaluated. Results: The gel strength and water-holding capacity of the three species of surimi gel were in descending order as follows: Illex argentinus>Dosidicus gigas>Ommastephes bartrami, while the cooking loss was the opposite. The dynamic rheological temperature scan showed that the energy storage modulus(G′) of the three kinds of surimi decreased with temperature to a minimum value of 45 ℃, then increased to a maximum value of 75 ℃ and decreased again. The G′ of Illex argentinus surimi was higher than the other two kinds of squids when the second stage heating at 90 ℃.The ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions of Illex argentinus surimi gel were significantly stronger than the other two kinds of squids. Conclusion: Illex argentinus surimi is the best raw material for squid surimi products; and the production needs to use auxiliary means to improve the gel quality according to the different characteristics of the three kinds of squid surimi.

Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved, actin-dependent form of endocytosis, is involved in various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, antigen presentation, and cell signaling transduction and migration. Oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation induce macropinocytosis in tumors in the digestive system, involved in tumorigenesis and progression, whereas the inhibition of macropinocytosis slows the aggressive phenotype of digestive system tumors and improves the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs. Macropinocytosis can also be used as a delivery route for anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, macropinocytosis has been widely studied to develop new methods for the treatment of digestive system tumors.This paper reviews the role of macropinocytosis in the body, the regulation of macropinocytosis-related signaling pathway, as well as the mechanism of macropinocytosis in colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver cancer and other digestive system tumors, to provide reference for related researches.

【Objective】 Trace elements in soil are essential for crop growth and food heath. Their bioavailability varies with various biotic and abiotic factors. This paper presents an analysis of trace elements in plough soil layer and its influencing factors in Shanxi province. 【Method】 Three representative counties with large cultivation areas of wheat, corn and millet were selected in the study. In each county, we took soil samples from 100 sites, and the contents of Fe, Mn, zinc and Se in each sample, as well as their relationship with pH, organic matter, soil type, and crop types, were analyzed and calculated. 【Result】 The average contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se in all soil samples across the three counties were 30.42 g/kg, 626.55 mg/kg, 78.06 mg/kg, and 0.283 mg/kg, respectively. Contents of all elements varied spatially over the planting areas, with the highest content found in wheat-growing areas, followed by corn and millet fields. Trace elements in the three counties were mostly at medium or high levels, but some deficiencies were detected, particularly Fe in millet-growing areas. The contents of the four elements were significantly higher in litho, fluvo-aquic, fragmental, cinnamon and red clay soils than in brown, cultivated loessal, castno-cinnamon, and aeolian sandy soils. The trace elements were negatively correlated to pH and positively related to organic matter, both at significant levels. Correlation among the four trace elements themselves was positive, and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the combined effect of planting area, soil type, pH and organic matter, on Se were the highest, with the comprehensive interpretation rate being 47.9%. The variation in Mn content was affected by soil type and organic matter, with its comprehensive interpretation rate being 8.1%. 【Conclusion】 The contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and Se in the plough soil layer are at moderate level or above in most areas in Shanxi province. However, Fe supplementation and nutrient improvement in millet-growing areas are required. Se content is affected by environmental changes, while Mn content is comparatively stable. Overall, the contents of the four trace elements are highest in wheat-growing areas, followed by corn and millet fields.

Exosomes are membranous tiny vesicles secreted by cells, which are widely found in the extracellular matrix and various body fluids and carry a variety of biologically functional molecules such as proteins, lipids, messenger RNA （mRNA） and microRNA （miRNA）. Exosomes not only play important biological roles in the field of immunology and oncology, but also have potential application value in the field of forensic medicine. This article reviews the discovery, production and degeneration mechanism, biological functions, isolation and identification methods of exosomes, summarizes the research on exosomes and their significance in the field of forensic science, and discusses their applications in body fluid identification, individual identification, postmortem interval estimation to provide ideas for the application of exosomes in forensic work.

ObjectiveA “multi-integration， effective control， and intelligent guarantee” solution was built for the application scenarios of food safety emergency support for the Winter Olympics.MethodsWith emergency risk assessment method， the intelligent quick screening device and method for harmful factors in the food supply chain were integrated based on the knowledge map， and big data， artificial intelligence and mobile internet technologies were used to construct an intelligent management and control system for risk early warning of the food supply chain in the Olympics to realize that the emergency plan for different links and different harmful factors in the food supply chain was intelligently generated，which were precisely pushed to users at different levels of the system.ResultsUsing intelligent rapid screening technology and prediction and early warning technology， it has been practical application in the food safety emergency drills for food safety emergencies in the Beijing Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics （Zhangjiakou Area） 2022， and guarantee of food safety for Olympic food companies in the Winter Olympics test competitions， and the official competitions.ConclusionTaking food safety risk analysis and data governance as the main line， intelligent integration of quick screening technology as a means， and intelligent risk prediction and intelligent early warning interaction as a link， the systematic perception， targeted identification， and accurate verification of harmful factors are promoted in the food supply chain to improve the food safety emergency support capability for major events.

This paper summarized the nursing interventions for an adult patient with Fabry disease. Key issues of nursing included medication care during intravenous therapy of Agalsidase Beta, pain and fever control, prevention of unintentional injury, symptom management, dietary guideline and psychological care of patient and family members. (本文总结1例成人罕见法布里病(FD)患者的护理经验。护理要点包括: 做好注射用阿加糖酶β静脉治疗过程中的用药护理、发热疼痛护理、防止意外伤害、症状管理、饮食指导以及患者及家属的心理护理。)

【Objective】 Hanjiang is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the consecutive occurrence of wetting-drying in rainfall and runoff in order to improve water resource management in this basin. 【Method】 The analysis was based on runoff data measured from four hydrological stations and precipitation measured from a control catchment in the basin. The joint distribution of wetting-drying for rainfall and runoff was constructed using the two- and three-dimensional Copula functions. The risk probabilities of occurrence of wetting-drying for rainfall and runoff were calculated. 【Result】 The probability of consecutive occurrence of wetting and drying between runoff and rainfall at Shiquan and Baihe stations in the upper reaches in the basin were higher, being 73.06% and 73.45% respectively. The probability of consecutive occurence of wetting and drying at Huangjiagang station in the middle reaches of basins was the highest, reaching 45.21%. The probabilities of consecutive occurrence of wetting and drying at Shiquan, Baihe and Huangjiagang stations in the upper and middle reaches of basin was ranked in the order of dryness > synchronous wetness > synchronous normal, while at Xiantao station in the lower reaches, the synchronous wetness-dryness probability showed the synchronous normal > synchronous dryness > synchronous wetness. The synchronous wetness-dryness probabilities of rainfall in the control catchment for the combination of Shiquan, Baihe and Huangjiagang stations in the upper and middle reaches of the HRB were higher, 72.88%; the synchronous wetness-dryness probabilities of rainfall in the control catchment under different combinations of stations showed the synchronous normal > synchronous dryness > synchronous wetness, and that of runoff showed the synchronous dryness > synchronous wetness > synchronous normal. 【Conclusion】 The consistency of wetness and dryness for runoff and rainfall in the upper and lower reaches of the basin was good and fairly good, and is poor in the middle reaches. The wetness-dryness of rainfall in the control catchment under different stations has relatively good consistency, while the difference between the synchronous and asynchronous wetness-dryness probabilities of runoff was not significant.

Abstract Background Patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) may have more uterine contractions. Several observational studies suggested that atosiban administration around embryo transfer resulted in higher pregnancy rates in RIF patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atosiban given before fresh embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes of women with RIF. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed in IVF center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital. According to a computer-generated randomization list, 194 infertile women with RIF received fresh embryo transfer between July 2017 and December 2019 were randomly allocated into the atosiban (n = 97) and the placebo (n = 97) groups. Women in the treatment group received atosiban intravenously about 30 min before embryo transfer with a bolus dose of 6.75 mg over one minute. Those in the placebo group received only normal saline infusion for the same duration. Results There was no significant difference in the live birth rate between the atosiban and placebo groups (42.3% vs 35.1%, P = 0.302, RR = 1.206 (0.844–1.723)). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the positive pregnancy test, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and implantation rates. Similar results were found when stratified by the number of embryos previously transferred, number of previous failed embryo transfers, frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day (≥ 3 waves/min) or serum estradiol (E2) on the day of hCG above the median level. And, there was no correlation between the serum E2 level on the day of hCG and the frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day. The frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day, total FSH/HMG dosage and duration were the significant factors which independently predicted the likelihood of a live birth. Conclusions These results suggested that atosiban treatment before fresh embryo transfer might not improve the live birth rate in RIF patients. Trial registration The study had been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital (2017 ethics No.43) and was registered under Clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier NCT02893722.

ObjectiveTo find the appropriate method for age estimation for different ages and sexes.MethodsThe costal cartilage， sternum and pubic symphysis of 91 unknowns from 2000 to 2020 from the Forensic Department of the Criminal Investigation Team of Shanghai Public Security Bureau were collected. Costal cartilage， sternal and pubic symphysis inferences were used to estimate the age， and the consistency between the estimated results and the actual physiological age of the unknowns was tested. The accuracy of age estimation of different samples was compared， and the relationship between accuracy and age and sex was analyzed.ResultsUsing the costal cartilage method， the inference errors of males， females and the whole population under 40 years old were （0.608±2.298） years， （0.429±1.867） years and （0.493±2.040） years， while those over 40 years old were （-1.707±3.770） years， （-3.286±4.078） years and （-2.625±4.029） years. The differences between different age groups in these three populations were statistically significant （P

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation is a process of replication and refinement, and the directional lineage differentiation of ESCs involves the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process. A previous study revealed that Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) plays a vital role in EMT, which could repress E-cadherin promoter and induce an EMT in cells. To verify the expression of Zeb1 and its correlation with Lin28a in mouse ESCs differentiation, we performed qRT-PCR and western blots to detect the expression of Lin28a mRNA and protein after Zeb1 knockdown. The expression of Zeb1 decreased over time of mouse ESCs differentiation but significantly increased in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. After knockdown of Zeb1, Lin28a and Vimentin expression were decreased, while E-cadherin expression increased both in mouse ESCs, EBs, GC1, and P19 cells. We found that Zeb1 promoted the invasive ability of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. These results revealed that expression of Zeb1 decreased during the differentiation of ESCs, and Lin28a and EMT processes can be regulated by Zeb1, which need to be verified in the future studies.

The effects of different exogenous additives and new auxiliary processing technologies on the energy storage and loss modulus of surimi gel process were reviewed. From the perspective of dynamic rheology, the formation mechanism of surimi gel was expounded, and the potential of auxiliary processing technologies and new external additives in improving surimi gel properties and texture of low-salt surimi products was prospected.

An MS 7.4 earthquake occurred in Maduo County, Guoluo Tibetan Prefecture, Qinghai Province at 02:04 on May 22, 2021(Beijing time), which is the largest one in China after the 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake. Finding out the distribution and characteristics of its coseismic surface rupture in time is of great significance for the identification of seismogenic structure, regional earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Combining the post-earthquake field investigation with the results from the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution satellite remote sensing images, aftershock data and UAV low altitude photogrammetry, we got a preliminary judgment on the characteristics of six typical seismic surface ruptures. Firstly, the surface rupture caused by the Maduo earthquake is mainly distributed along the southeastern segment of the known South Branch of the East Kunlun fault zone, the kunlunshankou-Jiangcuo fault. It indicates that the Jiangcuo fault should be the seismogenic fault of the earthquake. Secondly, the western segment of the coseismic rupture with an overall strike of 275°~300°, is mainly manifested as an inclined combination of compressive bulges and echelon tensile fractures. There is a significant vertical displacement of 1.4~0.8 m between the Jiangcuogongma section and the Jiangduocun section, indicating that the western segment may have obvious normal fault components. The huanghexiang section in the middle is mainly composed of a series of NW-trending P shear fractures with left-order oblique and NE-trending tensile fractures with right-order en echelon, with small strike slip displacements. The Changma reach of the North Branch is mainly composed of a series of en echelon fractures, with the overall strike of 260°, The strike of the fault is obviously different from that of the western segment of the fault. Thirdly, the maximum left lateral displacement caused by the earthquake occurred in the Cuoerjiala rapture section of the western segment, about 2.8 m, indicating that the strike slip displacement of the surface fracture zone of the earthquake is mainly characterized by unilateral expansion attenuation from west to East. The fact that the Maduo earthquake occurred in the Bayan Har block on the south side of the East Kunlun main fault demonstrate the possibility of earthquake with magnitude 7 or above in this block. Therefore the seismogenic conditions and mechanism of strong earthquake activity in the Bayan Har block should be a scientific issue that needs further attention.

Objective: This study aimed to fully develop and utilize the resources of passion fruits. Methods: The volatile flavor compounds at different brewing stages were analyzed by GC-IMS technology. Results: A total of 63 kinds of flavor compounds were identified, including 26 kinds of esters, 10 kinds of alcohols, 9 kinds of aldehydes, 7 kinds of ketones, 6 kinds of alkanes, 2 kinds of acids, 2 kinds of furans and 1 kinds of ether. Principal components analysis （PCA） showed that the cumulative difference contribution rate of the first two principal components （PC1 and PC2） was 81.2%, indicating that the volatile flavor substances changed significantly during the brewing process. The differential metabolites with VIP ＞ 1 obtained by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） combined with the relative odor activity value （ROAV ≥ 1） suggested that the critical flavor substances contributing to the aroma of passion beer included hexyl acetate （apple, cherry flavor）, isoamyl acetate （banana flavor）, ethyl butyrate （banana, pineapple flavor）, 1-penten-3-one, acetic acid isobutyl ester （floral）, 3-methylbutyraldehyde （almond almond）, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate （apple flavor） and dimethyl sulfide （seafood flavor）. Conclusion: Passion beer is rich in nutrition and with unique flavor, and has broad prospects for future market.

【Background】 Seasonal water shortage in southern China has made water supply unable to meet the demand and using unconventional water as a supplementary resource for irrigation can partly relieve this pressure. The widely distributed red soils in southern China are weakly acidic characterized by low porosity, and to what extent irrigating such soils with salt-rich unconventional water affects their transport properties is poorly understood. 【Objective】 This paper is to fill this gap by systematically studying the effect of irrigation water salinity on water flow and solute movement in the red soil aimed to improve unconventional water irrigation management in these regions. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in repacked columns with distilled-water irrigation taken as control (CK); the concentration of the irrigation water ranged from 1.0 to 10 g/L. In each treatment, we measured spatial distribution of water and salt in the soil profile, as well as pH at the end of infiltration. 【Result】 Compared with CK, saline water irrigation impeded water infiltration, with the impedance increasing with salinity concentration. Water-holding capacity of the soil did not show noticeable change when the salinity was less than 3 g/L, but increased significantly when the salinity was 5 g/L (p0.95 and RMSE

【Objective】 The objective is to clarify the soil nutrient supply capacity in wheat planting area of Shanxi Province and further provide theoretical basis for local wheat production with higher quality and efficiency. 【Method】 Three counties, including Hongtong, Xiangfen and Wenxi, were selected as the representative wheat planting areas in the study based on the data of Shanxi Statistical Yearbook 2018, and the soil samples of plough layer (0～20 cm) were collected according to the soil type, topographic feature and distribution of wheat area. The soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and six trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni and Se) were analyzed. 【Result】 The content of soil nitrate nitrogen in typical wheat planting area was 1.9~115.2 mg/kg, with an average value of 35.14 mg/kg; the content of available phosphorus was 2.4~88 mg/kg, with an average value of 26.9 mg/kg; The content of available potassium was 97.1~579.2 mg/kg, with an average value of 297.9 mg/kg, the content of organic matter was 5.61~64.28 g/kg, with an average value of 21.65 g/kg In general, the soil nutrient content in this study were 1.26%~109.4% higher than that of the second soil survey of Shanxi Province. The content of Cu ranges from 16.09 to 59.71 mg/kg, with an average of 30.40 mg/kg; the content of Zn ranges from 57.88~198 mg/kg, with an average of 90.04 mg/kg; The content of Fe ranges from 2.30%~6.66%, with an average of 3.76%; the content of Mn ranges from 426 to 926.1 mg/kg, with an average of 660.24 mg/kg; the content of Ni ranges from 23.1 to 47.75 mg/kg, with an average of 34.80 mg/kg; the content of Se ranges from 0.017 to 1.354 mg/kg, with an average of 0.434 mg/kg. The contents of 6 trace elements increased by 10.82%~141.11% compared with the background values of soil elements in Shanxi Province, and the sequence of 6 trace element contents was Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cu>Se. There was extremely significant correlation between the organic matter and available phosphorus and total Se in local soil. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients in wheat planting area showed the content of soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of Xiangfen County were the highest, and the content of 6 trace elements of Wenxi County were the lowest. 【Conclusion】 After more than 30 years of soil evolution and fertilization management, the soil nutrient content in wheat planting area of Shanxi Province was significantly higher than that of second soil survey of Shanxi Province.

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots have recently received much attention as promising optoelectronic materials with great luminescent properties and bright application prospect in lighting, lasing, and photodetection. Although notable progress has been achieved in lighting applications based on such media, the performance could still be improved. Here, we demonstrate that the light emission from the perovskite QDs that possess high intrinsic luminous efficiency can be greatly enhanced by using metallic thin films, a technique that was usually considered only useful for improving the emission of materials with low intrinsic quantum efficiency. Eleven-fold maximal PL enhancement is observed with respect to the emission of perovskite QDs on the bare dielectric substrate. We explore this remarkable enhancement of the light emission originating from the joint effects of enhancing the incident photonic absorption of QDs at the excitation wavelength by means of the zero-order optical asymmetric Fabry–Perot-like thin film interference and increasing the radiative rate and quantum efficiency at the emission wavelength mediated by surface plasmon polaritons. We believe that our approach is also potentially valuable for the enhancement of light emission of other fluorescent media with high intrinsic quantum efficiency.

Meiotic disturbances in F1 hybrids and their progenies are still major problems in wide hybridization. To investigate the genome affinity reflected in chromosome pairing and segregation, we studied chromosome behaviors during meiosis in two interspecific F1 hybrids [O. minuta × O. australiensis (Om × Oa, BCE genome) and Oa × O. ridleyi (Or, EHJ genome)] by using both traditional staining methods and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH analysis has been successfully performed on mitotic chromosomes to distinguish different Oryza genomes, but relatively fewer systematic analyses of meiotic chromosomes of interspecific hybrids have been reported. In the hybrids, highly irregular chromosome behaviors through meiosis resulted in producing microspores with unbalanced genome. At diakinesis of these two hybrids, most chromosomes present as univalent, with low frequency as bivalents and occasionally as trivalents. In a pollen mother cell, 2 to 8 bivalents and 0 to 4 trivalents were observed in the hybrid Oa × Or, and 1 to 8 bivalents and 0 to 5 trivalents were observed in the hybrid Om × Oa. GISH results indicated that 51.52% bivalents in Oa × Or and 79.65% bivalents in Om × Oa involved allosyndetic association, which indicates that recombination and introgression should be possible if viable backcrosses can be recovered even from triploid hybrids. In this study, we revealed that the meiotic disturbance due to low affinities between parental genomes is the major reason for the sterility of these two triploid interspecific hybrids. The two hybrids showing vigor in reproductive growth are potential genetic resources in future breeding programs. A better understanding of genomic affinities between these distant Oryza species can facilitate planning an effective breeding program by using wide hybridization, and efficient and routine GISH analysis is helpful to monitor alien introgression in the process.

The goal of this study is to explore whether deep learning based embedded models can provide a better visualization solution for large citation networks.

Image description is a great challenge in the field of computer vision under complex illumination condition. The complex illumination condition is usually unavoidable and unpredictable in real application. In this paper, we propose a novel generalized image descriptor, named as Anisotropy Weber Adapted Symmetric Ternary Pattern (AWASTP), which can overcome the directional inseparability of Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) and invariant threshold of Local Ternary Pattern (LTP). More particularly, we heighten the discriminative effectiveness of image description under complex illumination condition in several ways to restrain the effect of illumination variation. Firstly, a novel selection scheme for scale and angle is proposed. Based on this, an improved anisotropic Laplacian of Gaussian(ALOG) operator model is established by introducing the scale and angle parameter, moreover, an Anisotropic Weber Local Descriptor (AWLD) is presented, which can achieve more rich detailed information of illumination-insensitive feature. Secondly, an Adaptive Symmetric Ternary Pattern (ASTP) algorithm is proposed based on Weber criterion to generate more accurate threshold judgment according to the region characteristics. Thirdly, a two-dimensional AWASTP histogram is created to enhance the discriminative power and represent illumination-insensitive feature description. We conduct many experiments on benchmark databases, such as CMUPIE, FERET, PhoTex, RawFoot, and etc. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach under different illumination conditions.

Objective To clarify the consistency of the results of the 2 methods for detecting serum biomarkers in patients with acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) in order to screen out biomarkers with clinical value and to establish a biomarker screening process for aGVHD. Methods Sixty patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in our medical center from April 2016 to April 2018 were recruited in this study. Protein chip and ELISA were used to detect the serum cytokine levels in the patients with aGVHD (n=30) and those without (control group, n=30). Results Both detection methods showed that the serum levels of IL-7 and IL-27p were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the expression level of CD127 was decreased (P < 0.05) in the aGVHD group than the control. The expression level of IL-27 was correlated with the severity of aGVHD (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was between 0.7 and 0.9, with no significant differences between the 2 methods. Conclusion Both protein chip and ELISA have high accuracy and consistency in the detection of serum biomarkers in aGVHD patients. It is possible to establish a high-throughput screening of clinically significant cytokines by protein chip, and then expanding the sample size and repeating the validation by ELISA, which is conducive to clinical development.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and its influencing factors of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT2) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who have relapsed after the first allogeneic transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 5 patients with refractory/relapsed AML who had relapsed after allo-HSCT in our medical center from January 2012 to October 2018 were collected in this study. After re-induction (CR2-MRD- was achieved in 3 cases, CR2-MRD+ in 1 case, and NR in 1 case) and myeloablative pretreatment, allo-HSCT2 was conducted to all of them. The clinical process and outcome of these cases were analyzed, and the possible effects of alleviation status, donor selection, pretreatment protocol of the allo-HSCT2 patients before transplantation on the complications, recurrence and death (RM), transplant-related mortality (TRM), and transplantation outcome were also investigated. Results Until the 5 patients were followed up to June 30, 2019, all of them achieved complete donor implantation. Three of them had no relapse within 17 months, and 1 patient developed acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) grade Ⅰ and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) as severe lung disease, and hence deceased due to respiratory failure in 20 months after the allo-HSCT2. No serious HSCT-related complications were observed in the other 4 patients. The patients with complete remission of allo-HSCT2 with a negative status of (minimal residual disease, MRD), proved to have a better prognosis. Second allo-HSCT did not increase TRM compared with one-time allo-HSCT. For the patients receiving allo-HSCT2, the GVL effect of haploid transplantation had no significant advantage against full-matched HSCT. Conclusion Allo-HSCT2 is an effective therapy for AML patients who relapsed after the first allo-HSCT.

We here reported the identification and characterization of a novel gain-of-function spotted-leaf 26 (Spl26) mutant from an ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-induced rice cultivar IR64. Spl26 displayed reddish- brown lesions that firstly appeared on the leaf tips at the early tillering stage and spread gradually downward to cover the whole leaf blades that wilted subsequently. The lesion development was light- dependent under natural conditions. Spl26 exhibited impaired photosynthetic capacity with decreased chlorophyll content and lowered photosynthetic parameters which ultimately led to the poor performance of agronomic traits. Severe cell death occurred in Spl26 in accompany with increased malonaldehyde level and membrane ion leakage rate, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, altered ROS scavenging activities, increased DNA fragmentation and decreased soluble protein levels. Defense responses were activated in Spl26 with enhanced resistance to rice bacterial blight, up-regulation of defense response genes and altered endogenous hormone levels. The spotted-leaf phenotype is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene localized to a 305 kb region between RM5490 and InDel42 on the short arm of chromosome 7. The data suggested that Spl26 is a novel gain-of-function spotted-leaf mutant with enhanced bacterial disease resistance and immunity-associated premature leaf senescence and would provide the basis for cloning of the target gene. Keywords: Defense response, Rice, Reactive oxygen species, Senescence, Spotted-leaf, Disease resistance

This article discussed how to train standardized pediatric residents during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included the knowledge and capacity building for infection prevention and control, standardized residents training and psychological intervention and so on. It ought to be useful to improve the professional competence of pediatric residents.