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Although speech emotion recognition is challenging, it has broad application prospects in human-computer interaction. Building a system that can accurately and stably recognize emotions from human languages can provide a better user experience. However, the current unimodal emotion feature representations are not distinctive enough to accomplish the recognition, and they do not effectively simulate the inter-modality dynamics in speech emotion recognition tasks. This paper proposes a multimodal method that utilizes both audio and semantic content for speech emotion recognition. The proposed method consists of three parts: two high-level feature extractors for text and audio modalities, and an autoencoder-based feature fusion. For audio modality, we propose a structure called Temporal Global Feature Extractor (TGFE) to extract the high-level features of the time-frequency domain relationship from the original speech signal. Considering that text lacks frequency information, we use only a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network (BLSTM) and attention mechanism to simulate an intra-modal dynamic. Once these steps have been accomplished, the high-level text and audio features are sent to the autoencoder in parallel to learn their shared representation for final emotion classification. We conducted extensive experiments on three public benchmark datasets to evaluate our method. The results on Interactive Emotional Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) and Multimodal EmotionLines Dataset (MELD) outperform the existing method. Additionally, the results of CMU Multi-modal Opinion-level Sentiment Intensity (CMU-MOSI) are competitive. Furthermore, experimental results show that compared to unimodal information and autoencoder-based feature level fusion, the joint multimodal information (audio and text) improves the overall performance and can achieve greater accuracy than simple feature concatenation.

Considering the serious threat that ransomware poses to data security and the increasing intelligence and complexity of its attack methods, an anti-ransomware method based on active deception was proposed to address the limitations of traditional defense methods. By combining static heuristic algorithms and dynamic heuristic algorithms to dynamically deploy deceptive files, a dynamic file security model based on active deception was established. Different strategies were employed to generate dynamic deceptive files for ransomware of different risk levels, confusing ransomware by simulating the characteristics of real data, making it unable to distinguish between real and deceptive data, thus protecting users’ real data from encryption or destruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively increases the dynamism, diversity, and deceptiveness of files, significantly expanding the shifting space of data attack surfaces and effectively defending against ransomware attacks.

To address the challenge of solving the zero-pole of transcendental equation for distributed power station with simultaneous consideration of two factors， i.e.， dq-axis coupling and line distribution parameter， an impedance model for distributed power station considering the two factors is established. This paper proposes a matrix-determinant zero-pole solution method for transcendental equation using Padé approximation and provides detailed steps for calculating the zero-pole distribution of the transfer function. Furthermore，it analyzes the impact of the two factors on harmonic instability analysis in the system under different scenarios. The research demonstrates that the proposed method can accurately analyze harmonic instability issues when these two factors are considered simultaneously. And ignoring one of the two factors may result in the misjudgment of stability， and considering the line distribution parameter is a necessary prerequisite for solving the amplification point of high-frequency harmonics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.

Empowered by the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and information security technology, basic medicine, translational medicine, and clinical medicine have entered a new era. In this process, the relevant data such as text, genetics, images, and videos have increased at an astonishing rate. Traditional specialized disease databases cannot adapt to the multimodality of data and the multicentralization of data sources in the present/future. Therefore, establishing a next-generation multimodal and multicenter collaborative specialized disease database that is suitable for secure data sharing and ethical in clinical research is essential. This paper expounds the concept and basic framework of developing a next-generation clinical research disease database with universal use, emphasizing the establishment of a multimodal data integration mechanism, a multicenter collaborative system supported by privacy-preserving computing, highly intelligent software and hardware entities, and an integrated operational management mode. It also introduces the application of this concept in the construction of a breast cancer three-dimensional life database, a project of China Breast Cancer Innovation Alliance.

Abstract Background The optimal approach for ensuring both complete resection and preservation of anal function in rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify short-term and long-term outcomes after robotic radical surgery for rectal GIST. Methods A total of 13 patients who underwent robotic radical surgery for rectal GIST between December 2011 and April 2022 were included. All robotic procedures were performed using a systematic approach. A supplemental video of robotic radical surgery for rectal GIST is attached. The short-term outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications during the first 30 days after surgery. Surgical outcomes were retrieved from a prospective database. Long-term outcomes, including overall survival and recurrence-free survival, were determined in all patients. Results Median distance from the tumor to the anal verge was 4.0 cm. Surgical margins were negative in all patients. Two patients underwent neoadjuvant imatinib therapy. All patients underwent sphincter-preserving surgery. None underwent conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery. The incidence of postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade II and grade ≥ III complications was 7.7% and 0%, respectively. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. Twelve patients (92.3%) underwent stoma closure within 5 months of the initial surgery. Median follow-up time was 76 months. The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were both 100%. None of the patients had recurrence. Conclusion Short-term and long-term outcomes after radical robotic surgery for rectal GIST were favorable. Robotic surgery might be a useful surgical approach for rectal GIST.

Purpose The treatment of recurrent thyroid cancer with critical organ invasion is challenging. The combination of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has been proposed as an effective option. This study evaluates outcomes for inoperable residual/recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (rDTC) patients treated with RFA followed by EBRT.Materials and Methods Patients with rDTC treated with RFA followed by EBRT were retrospectively studied. RFA was performed using a free‐hand, ‘moving‐shot’ technique under US or CT guidance. For lesions invading critical structures intolerant to ‘en bloc’ high-temperature RFA, limited-field EBRT using 6‐ or 10‐MV photons was used for adjuvant treatment at a dose of 66 Gy in 33 daily fractions. Toxicities and outcomes were reviewed.Results Between April 2020 and January 2022, 11 patients with 14 rDTC lesions underwent RFA followed by EBRT. Five patients had metastatic lesions at rDTC diagnosis. With a median follow-up period of 33.7 months, all patients maintained locoregional control, while achieving a 2-year survival rate of 90.9%. This combined treatment achieved a volume reduction ratio of 92.1% ± 5.1%. The mean nadir thyroglobulin level in patients without initial distant metastases after treatment was 1.40 ± 0.81 ng/ml. Regarding treatment-related complications, one patient (9%) experienced temporary hoarseness after RFA, grade 2 radiation dermatitis occurred in 3 patients (27.2%), and grade 2 dysphagia was noted in 4 patients (36.4%). No grade 3 or greater toxicities occurred.Conclusions Salvage RFA followed by EBRT is feasible, effective and safe for patients with rDTC.

Conventional static radiative coolers have an unadjustable cooling capacity, which often results in overcooling in low temperature environment. Therefore, there is a great need for an adaptive dynamic radiative cooler. However, such adaptive coolers usually require complex preparation processes. This paper proposes an adaptive radiative cooler based on a Fabry–Perot resonant cavity. By optimizing the structural parameters of the radiative cooler, this adaptive radiative cooler achieves a modulation rate of 0.909 in the atmospheric window band. The net radiative cooling performance difference between low and high temperatures is nearly eight times. Meanwhile, the device is easily prepared, has a high tolerance, and can effectively prevent W–VO2 oxidation. This study provides new insights into adaptive radiative cooling with potential for large-scale applications.

Background When conducting experiments at a synchrotron radiation facility, it is necessary to scan the position of the sample or the beam energy within a certain range. The scanning modes are categorized as step scanning and on-the-fly. In the step-scanning mode, there is a significant amount of dead time in the motion mechanism, which leads to long data acquisition times and low experimental efficiency. By contrast, the on-the-fly mode allows for continuous motion while triggering the detectors and sensors, avoiding the dead time of the motion mechanism and greatly improving the efficiency of the experiments. Purpose This study aims to propose and implement a hardware-triggered on-the-fly system to achieve rapid and continuous scanning during experimental processes for Hefei light source (HLS). Methods The proposed on-the-fly system mainly consisted of a synchronous signal acquisition module, a synchronous motion control module, and a software control module. The design of the hardware synchronous trigger module in the synchronous signal acquisition module was based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board Zynq7020. The encoder signals were decoded into position signals and used to trigger other devices based on position or time. This made it the central component for the on-the-fly mode. The design of the synchronous motion control module was based on a highly synchronous EtherCAT bus. The motion controller supported multi-axis coordination and programmable trajectory motion to meet the requirements of different experiments. The software control module utilized the experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) architecture for device control, and experiment flow control and data acquisition were implemented using Bluesky platform. Finally, the proposed on-the-fly system has been deployed and tested at the Soft X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) experimental station of HLS. Results The experimental results demonstrate that the on-the-fly mode system not only meets the spectral performance requirements, but also reduces the single acquisition time from tens of minutes in the step-scanning mode to approximately 1 min. Conclusions Therefore, the on-the-fly system designed and implemented in this study significantly improves the experimental efficiency and user experience.

【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of China Meteorological Assimilation Datasets(CMADS) in hydrological simulation of Hulan River basin. 【Method】 The accuracy and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of precipitation and temperature data from CMADS and traditional hydrological stations was analyzed, SWAT models driven by two types of meteorological data: CMADS and traditional hydrological stations was constructed, and SUFI-2 algorithm was used to calibrate and validate model parameters based on monthly measured cross-sectional runoff data. The applicability of this dataset as meteorological driven data and its substitutability for traditional hydrological station data were evaluated. 【Result】 ① The two types of meteorological data had strong linear correlation and corresponding relationships, and their spatiotemporal distribution characteristics were similar, with consistent trends within the year. ② In the main stream of Hulan River without reservoir, the evaluation index under the CMADS data-driven model were the rate regularly period R2=0.96, NSE=0.93, PBIAS=20.63%, and the validation period R2=0.98, NSE=0.97, PBIAS=7.51%; In the Tongken River system with a reservoir, the model had a regular flow rate of R2=0.88, NSE=0.80, and PBIAS=12.86%. During the validation period, the models had R2=0.97, NSE=0.96, and PBIAS=12.05%, and the simulation results all meet the evaluation criteria for runoff simulation. 【Conclusion】 CMADS+SWAT model had better overall effect, simulation accuracy and applicability than traditional hydrological stations in runoff simulation of Hulan River basin, and was closer to the measured value, which can provide data support for establishing SWAT model in the study area lacking meteorological data.

Terahertz (THz) waves have gained considerable attention in the rising 6G communication due to their large bandwidth. However, the cost and power consumption become the major constraints for the commercialization of 6G THz systems as the frequency increases. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) comprising active metasurfaces and digital controllers has been proposed for beamforming in the 6G multiple-input-multiple-output systems, showing good potential to suppress the system size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP). Currently, their controlling diodes can hardly work up to THz frequencies. Therefore, several active stimuli have been investigated as alternatives. Among them, chalcogenide phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) addresses large modulation depth, picosecond switching speed, and non-volatile properties. Notably, the non-volatile GST may enable RIS systems with memory and low control power. This work briefly reviews the advances of GST-tuned THz metamaterials (MTMs), discusses the current obstacles to overcome, and gives a perspective of GST applications in the rising 6G communications.

The structures of lipids determine their biological functions, and the identification of C=C double bond isomers in unsaturated lipids faces challenges. The direct nitrogen-methyl (N-Me) aziridination reaction allows for the derivatization of unsaturated lipid double bonds, which can combine with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to enable the resolving for positions of unsaturated lipid double bonds. However, current studies about the mechanism of the N-Me aziridination reaction lack direct evidence of intermediate processes. Here, a nano-electrostatic-spray ionization-mass spectrometry (nESTASI-MS) device based on a θ capillary was used to separate the reactants through the channels on both sides of the θ capillary, allowing the solutions to be mixed and react on-line during the electrospray process. This on-line mixing greatly shortened the residence time of the two reactants, providing for the successful capture and identification of short-lived intermediates during the reaction process. The device was used to study the reaction process of aziridination of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC). N-Methyl-O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine (N-Me-DPH) was used as the amination reagent, PC 36:2 as a representative substrate, and Rh2(esp)2 as a catalyst to study the reactions of these three substances in different mixing modes. The results showed that N-Me-DPH pre-mixed with Rh2(esp)2 may deactivate the catalyst and the relevant intermediates and products could not be observed. In the other two mixing modes, the key rhodium-nitrene intermediate and the ternary biradical intermediate containing the first C-N bond during the reaction were successfully captured and characterized, as well as the product containing 1-methyl aziridine structure, which provided key evidence for the mechanistic study of the direct aziridination reaction of N-Me. Derivatization of N-Me aziridination could generate the 1-methyl aziridine structure at the double bond position, which was susceptible to break during mass spectrometric collision-induced dissociation (CID) to generate fragment ions providing indicative information about the position of the double bond. The dissociation behavior of the protonated peak of its aziridination product in CID mode was examined using PC 36:2 as an example. The results showed that the abundance of fragment ions breaking at the 1-methylaziridine structure was very low. Compared to the derived aziridine structure, the choline phosphate head group of PC was more likely to be lost during CID. Further collision-induced dissociation of the ion fragmentation peaks after the loss of the head group produced significant fragmentation of the aziridine structural unit, yielding fragment ions with C-N bond breaking near the acyl end and near the methyl end, respectively. The position of the double bond on the aliphatic chain could be easily determined from the mass of the fragment ions. This study provides a new in situ MS tool for the study of short-lived chemical reaction intermediates, which is expected to play an important role in the study of transient intermediate processes of chemical reactions.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and chronic joint disease that affects the aging population, causing pain and disability. Macrophages in synovium are important mediators of synovial inflammatory activity and pathological joint pain. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant involvement of κ-opioid receptor (KOR) in the regulation of pain and inflammation. Our study reveals a significant reduction in synovial KOR expression among patients and mice with OA. Here, we find that KOR activation effectively inhibits the expressions of the LPS-induced-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by inhibiting macrophage M1 phenotype. Mechanistically, KOR activation effectively suppresses the proinflammatory factor secretion of macrophages by inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Our animal experiments reveal that activation of KOR effectively alleviates knee pain and prevents synovitis progression in OA mice. Consistently, KOR administration suppresses the expressions of M1 macrophage markers and the NF-κB pathway in the synovium of the knee. Collectively, our study suggests that targeting KOR may be a viable strategy for treating OA by inhibiting synovitis and improving joint pain in affected patients.

This reviewed summarized the research status of water content detection methods of plant-based food materials, analyzed the water content detection devices, advantages, disadvantages and applications, and discussed the application of water content detection in different types of plant-based food materials. The advantages of hot air drying, microwave method, Karl Fischer method, absolute dry nitrogen purge method, spectral technology and imaging technology were highlighted, and the future development direction of water content detection of plant-based food materials was prospected.

Intestinal microecology is the most complex and dominant microecological system in human and animals. Bifidobacterium is a probiotic that exists in the intestinal microecology and presents potential applications in several disease areas， such as prevention and control of obesity and metabolic syndrome. It has become a hot spot of research in many fields， such as food supplements and health food. Bifidobacterium can regulate rat Gut microbiota and protect intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating diet structure and energy intake， Gut microbiota microenvironment， microorganism gut brain axis and intestinal immunity， it can also regulate lipid metabolism through carbohydrate utilization pathway， anti inflammatory stress pathway， regulation of fat decomposition pathway， gene pathway， Bile acid salt coprecipitation and bacteria assimilation cholesterol pathway， and there is a two-way regulation between Gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. However， the effect of Bifidobacterium on intestinal flora and lipid metabolism varies depending on the application area， formulation and addition quantity. More in-depth control studies and clinical validation still need to establish the formulation and addition quantity. When it is applied to the food field， it may lead to the transfer of intestinal drug resistance genes or the spread of drug resistant pathogens through the way of exchanging Genetic material with the host's own Gut microbiota. In this paper， the multiple pathways and mechanisms of Bifidobacterium regulates Gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in rats were reviewed， and the related issues were prospected， in order to provide ideas for research in Bifidobacterium regulates fields.

The distributed parameter model of the transmission line is a necessary premise for accurately analysing the harmonic instability of the wind farm. However, when the model is used for harmonic instability analysis, it causes difficulties in solving the zero and pole distributions of the transcendental equation of the system. Given this, the impedance model of the wind farm considering the line distribution parameters is established and verified. Next, a method based on Pade approximation to solve the zero and pole distributions of the transcendental equation is proposed. The exponential function is approximated to the rational fraction only by selecting the order of the rational fraction, without fitting coefficients. Further, the influence of different transmission line models on the harmonic instability under different line lengths and grid strengths is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation case. The results show that the effect of distribution parameters cannot be ignored, otherwise, it may lead to the inaccurate analysis of stability and deviation or even omission of harmonic amplification points in the high-frequency band. The proposed method can not only accurately evaluate the stability of the system, but also analyze the harmonic amplification points.

Based on a multimodal topic network, this paper constructs a knowledge combination model for the cross-discipline of public sports and civic politics. Through multimodal data fusion, the knowledge combination between the two kinds of public sports courses and Civic and political education in colleges and universities is obtained. Finally, using the China Knowledge Network database as the source of data retrieval, the hot spots and their evolution paths of Civic Politics in public sports courses were explored so as to excavate the elements of Civic Politics in Civic Politics of Public Sports Courses. The results show that among the elements of ideology and politics in the curriculum, “patriotism education” has the greatest emergence intensity, with a value of 49.382, followed by “establishing moral character” with an emergence intensity of 16.338, which indicates that the main purpose of the construction of the elements of ideology and politics in the physical education curriculum is to cooperate with the orientation and requirements of ideological and political education, which is the most important part of the public sports curriculum. It shows that the main purpose of the construction of the ideological and political elements of the physical education curriculum is to match the orientation and requirements of ideological and political education and to clearly link the goal of one’s struggle with the destiny of the state and nation.

Open-pit mining can cause strong disturbance to the adjacent burned rock aquifer. This paper takes an open pit mine in northern Shaanxi Province as the study area, and through numerical simulation, the changes of groundwater flow field and mine discharge in the study area without reserving water-preserving coal pillars and under the conditions of reserving 20 m, 50 m and 100 m coal pillars are simulated, and the effect of water-preserving mining is evaluated. Further, the water resistance performance of the grouting curtain when the burst water occurs during mining was analyzed. The results show that: the disturbance of coal mining to groundwater decreases with the increase of the width of water- preserving coal pillar, reserved 100 m coal pillar can reduce the burn rock water yield by more than 86%, the maximum depth reduction by about 13 m, and the impact area by about 60%; grouting curtain can effectively seal the centralized burst water point; the water yield reduced by about 90%, the observation hole water level restored about 4 m, the flow field restored gradually after sealed burst water point.

Stroke patients often show postural instability. The patellar tendon reflex is a basic physical examination for stroke patients. This study aimed to explore the correlation between patellar tendon reflex grade and postural stability among stroke patients.

In order to explore the variation of disturbance stress in the coal seam around the fracturing borehole in the process of hydraulic fracturing, taking the 1703 coal face of Junlian Jinzhong Coal Mine Company as the test site, on the basis of determining the relevant hydraulic fracturing parameters, KSE-2-1 mine intrinsic safety digital display borehole stress meter is used to monitor the variation of disturbance stress in coal seams at different distances around the fracturing borehole during fracturing. The field test results show that when coal cracking occurs in the process of hydraulic fracturing, the water injection pressure will decrease significantly, and the unit water injection will increase to a certain extent; in the process of hydraulic fracturing, the transmission of disturbance stress formed by fracturing fluid in coal seam is mainly attenuation; at the same time, within the influence range of hydraulic fracturing, the stress change in the coal seam mainly includes three stages: original stress stage, stress response stage and stress stabilization stage, and the change of disturbance stress in the coal seam in the stress response stage rises in a wave.

The supervision of grain reserves is a major event of national food security. China has built the largest grain internet of things in the world. Although there are still have some problems such as low data quality, low utilization rate, and serious information islands, it still provides a basis for conducting digital supervision on grain reserves. On the basis of studying the multi-fields coupling and biological theory in stored grain ecosystems, the author team proposed the continuity, periodicity and coordination principles of the digital supervision of grain reserves, and further proposed 7 intelligent strategies using the big data analysis of grain situation and the intelligent analysis method of 10 modes of grain storage in the granary. In combination with the application cases of 10 provinces that participated in the policy oriented inventory check of grain reserves organized in 2018, this paper analyzes the principle of digital supervision of grain reserves and 7 intelligent methods, which will accelerate the transformation and large-scale promotion of relevant technological achievements, and accelerating the construction of a high-quality technical system for grain reserves supervision. This digital intelligence method will promote the transformation of grain reserve management from “human management" to "technology management”, and let data play its due role in grain reserve decision-making and management.

The grain storage process could be affected by many aspects such as biological field and non biological field, which will lead to the phenomenon of heating, mildew, dewing and pest damage in the grain storage process. It is urgent to develop convenient, fast, multi-functional and high-precision on-site detection tools. According to the requirements of actual grain storage management, the multi-functional grain storage safety on-site rapid detection analyzer could calculate the stored grain moisture, water activity, absolute humidity, accumulated temperature, accumulated humidity, J/Q value and absolute water potential with models and algorithms on the basis of multi-point high-precision detection of temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration, and could graphically expresse the calculated results to assist in the determination of stored grain conditions such as safety, condensation, heat, mildew, etc, which will have mechanical ventilation operation parameter selection and intelligent control. The preliminary application of the instrument shows that it can provide effective technical support for granary management and has a good application prospect.

In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) refers to the use of appropriate conveyance technology to transport oxidants into soil or aquifer, where the contaminants are converted to low- or non-toxic substances by chemical oxidation. ISCO has been widely used for the remediation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater due to its high efficiency and cost effectiveness.Oxidant demand is an important parameter in the application of ISCO. Once injected into the contaminated soil or aquifer, the oxidant reacts not only with the target contaminants, but also with natural organic matter (NOM) and reductive minerals (RM) such as Fe2+, Mn2+, S- and S2- in the medium. In addition, the oxidant may decompose naturally due to its own properties. If the amount of oxidant used is insufficient, the remediation of the contaminated site may not meet the project objectives and residual contaminants or reaction intermediates may be formed, resulting in a rebound of the contaminant concentration at the site. If too much oxidant is used, it would not only increase the cost of remediation, but also seriously damage the physical and chemical properties of soil, reducing the diversity of microbial communities. Therefore, accurate measurement of oxidant requirements is important to achieve good remediation performance.In previous studies, the specific meaning of terms related to oxidant demand is not consistent and they are often mixed in different studies, which would lead to ambiguity.In this review the composition and definition of oxidant demand is clarified and unified. The total oxidant demand (TOD) in ISCO is composed of pollutant oxidant demand (POD, the amount of oxidant consumed by oxidative degradation of pollutants), natural oxidant demand (NOD, the amount of oxidant consumed by natural organic matter and reducing minerals in soil or aquifer media), and decomposed oxidant (DEO, the amount of oxidant naturally decomposed due to its nature and the influence of environmental conditions).The methods for determining oxidant demand can be divided into two categories: experimental method and stoichiometric model method. The basic principle of the experimental method is to mix the treated medium sample with the oxidant in a system for a period of time, and then calculate the oxidant consumption before and after reaction to obtain the oxidant demand per unit of medium. Specifically, the experimental method can be divided into batch test, column test, push-pull test and reaction kinetics model according to the scale and dimension of the experiment. Among them, the batch test has been relatively widely used due to its excellent characteristics of simplicity and efficiency. The column test is more capable of reflecting the actual consumption of oxidant in the field medium, taking into account the transport process and interaction of oxidant in porous media. Although the push-pull test is carried out at the field scale, which can effectively overcome the error caused by the difference between laboratory conditions and field conditions, it is relatively complex to operate. Finally, the reaction kinetics model can be used to analyze the oxidant consumption in the reaction process based on experiments. This method can characterize the oxidant consumption on a longer time scale, which is of great importance for potassium permanganate or sodium persulfate oxidants with longer reaction times.The determination of oxidant demand by experimental method is affected by factors such as the initial concentration of oxidant, reaction time, solid-to-liquid ratio and mixing conditions of the reaction. To facilitate comparison of data and costing of the project, it is necessary to incorporate experimental conditions into the expression of oxidant demand. For example, the difference of the oxidant demand obtained at different times for the same sample can be as much as 37%. Therefore, the time required for the pollutant concentration to be reduced to the target limit by oxidation should be used as the oxidant demand determination time.Stoichiometric model method is the determination of the theoretical oxidant demand value by the establishment of the stoichiometric relationship model between the oxidant demand and the components in the medium. The stoichiometric model method was originally designed to explore the relationship between the total organic carbon in the medium and the oxidant demand. It was then developed to consider the oxidant demand of natural organic matter, other mineral ions and organic pollutants as a whole. Calculation results of the stoichiometric modelling method depend on the accuracy of the model and the precise determination of the content of relevant components in the medium.Both experimental method and stoichiometric model method mostly take potassium permanganate oxidant as the research object, but there is a lack of research on the demand of Fenton reagent, ozone and sodium persulfate. In particular, the DEO of more decomposable oxidants such as Fenton reagent and ozone may reach more than 50% of TOD. The existing methods still face difficulties in accurately measuring DEO, which deserves special attention. As a component of TOD that is easily overlooked, the importance of DEO needs to be further clarified and more accurate measurement methods need to be explored. In the actual project, the number of injection wells, well spacing, oxidant injection rate and other design parameters will have an important impact on the total oxidant demand, which still needs to be further investigated. The remediation of contaminated sites by ISCO is a complex project and a more scientific workflow or guideline is necessary for engineers to determine oxidant demand.

As a form of new emerging pollutant, antibiotics have been detected in soil, surface water, groundwater, sediment and other different environmental media. As a major country in the production and usage of antibiotics, China's production and usage are increasing year by year. However, most antibiotics used for humans or animals cannot be fully absorbed and metabolized and will enter the environment in the form of prototypes or metabolites through waste and wastewater accumulating in soil and leaching into groundwater. Antibiotics entering the environment may affect microbial ecology, produce resistance genes, and even threaten human health. Compared with surface water, polluted groundwater is hidden, lagging and difficult to recover. The pollution of antibiotics in groundwater, as the main source of drinking water, has attracted much attention.So far, the research on antibiotics in China is still mainly on surface water and soil, and there are few observations on antibiotics in groundwater. In order to systematically grasp the current pollution situation of antibiotics in groundwater in China, relevant literature on antibiotics in groundwater from 2012 to 2021 is reviewed in this paper. Twenty-eight antibiotics detected more than 100 times in environmental media in China were selected as target antibiotics, and the detected concentrations were summarized and analyzed. It was found that the concentrations of 28 antibiotics commonly detected in groundwater varied by more than 4 orders of magnitude, from 0.1ng/L to more than 1000ng/L. The most frequently detected antibiotics were norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, enrofloxacin, and erythromycin. Through comparative analysis of the detection of antibiotics in various places, it can be seen that the concentration of antibiotics in groundwater is controlled by the properties of antibiotics, the location of pollution sources, hydrogeological structure and the amount of usage and emissions. From the perspective of spatial distribution, sulfonamide antibiotics are the most detected in northeast China, quinolones are the most detected in North and East China, quinolones and tetracyclines are the most detected in southwest China, and the research on antibiotics in groundwater in northwest China is relatively low. So far, restrained by the detection limits and detection types of the analysis methods, a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of antibiotics in groundwater is not possible.Due to the wide variety of antibiotics, their different structures lead to different physical andchemical properties. They exist in trace concentrations in the complex environment media, which also affects the accuracy of their qualitative and quantitative analysis. Therefore, the establishment of a sensitive and specific multi-component simultaneous analysis method has been a key issue for antibiotics research. The analysis methods of antibiotics are summarized, which are divided into qualitative analysis methods and quantitative analysis methods. The principle, advantages, disadvantages and application range of several antibiotic analytical methods are presented. These methods include microbial inhibition method (MIT), thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatogram-nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC-NMR) and liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the most commonly used method for antibiotic analysis because of its high sensitivity, low detection limit and simultaneous determination of multiple antibiotics. With the rapid development of antibiotic analysis methods, some antibiotics in groundwater can be accurately quantified by using HPLC-MS/MS and other technologies. However, the number of antibiotics that can be analyzed and identified at one time is still limited. The research group of authors has established the qualitative spectrum library of common drugs by UPLC-MS/MS. In the future, the types of antibiotics that can be qualitatively identified in the spectrum library can be expanded by adding the mass spectrum information of antibiotics. Under specific conditions, the spectrum library can be used to carry out semi-qualitative identification of antibiotics in groundwater. At present, the commonly used quantitative detection methods include enzyme-linked immunoassay, capillary electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with the other two methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity and accurate quantitative ability. It is commonly used for the detection of trace antibiotics in reported water samples.Antibiotics exist in the environment at trace levels and the matrix of environmental samples is complex, so the pretreatment process, including antibiotic separation, purification and concentration, often becomes the key step of determination. For example, the samples to be tested should be adjusted to an appropriate pH to enhance the enrichment of target antibiotics on HLB columns, and Na2EDTA should be added to inhibit its complexation with calcium and magnesium and other metal ions in groundwater. The accuracy of antibiotic determination will be improved, and the detection limit will be lowered for water samples by solid phase extraction and the subsequent concentration process. In addition to the detection limit and recovery rate of antibiotics affected by the analytical instrument, the presence states of antibiotics in water samples will also affect the accuracy and precision.Antibiotics may exist in the ionized state, complex state, adsorption state and other forms in groundwater. At different pH values, antibiotics may exist in neutral, cationic, anionic, orzwitterionic forms. When it coexists with metal ions, complexation reaction will occur under certain conditions to form antibiotic-metal complex which will reduce the peak area to a certain extent or cause tailing phenomenon on the reverse analytical column. The formation of the complex may also change the environmental behavior (migration, transformation, toxicity, etc.) and ecological effects of antibiotics. In addition, the analysis of antibiotics in different adsorption states can be used to evaluate the differences in microbial killing effects of different adsorption forms, especially the differences in ARG production and spreading. This will be helpful for accurately evaluating the potential effects on the environment or human beings and effectively controlling the risks of antibiotics in environmental media. Therefore, the existing form analysis of antibiotics is of great significance for the further accurate determination of antibiotics and the evaluation of environmental effects.Up to now, limited by the detection limits and detected types of antibiotics in analytical methods, there has not been a comprehensive national-scale investigation and evaluation of antibiotics in groundwater in China. Only by clarifying the concentration level and spatial distribution of antibiotic pollution in China's groundwater can it help to understand the contents of relevant laws and regulations on new emerging pollutants and support the establishment of a regulatory framework for natural resources and the environment. In conclusion, optimizing qualitative and quantitative detection methods, analyzing different existing forms of antibiotics, comprehensively investigating antibiotics in groundwater, and scientifically evaluating the relationship between antibiotic forms and ecotoxicological effects are the main contents of antibiotics research in groundwater in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic polymorphism of InDel loci in SifalnDel 45plex system in the Han population in Jiangsu Province and the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in forensic medicine.MethodsSifaInDel 45plex system was used for genotyping in blood samples of 398 unrelated individuals from the above two populations, and allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the two populations were calculated respectively. Eight intercontinental populations in the gnomAD database were used as reference populations. The genetic distances between the two studied populations and eight reference populations were calculated based on the allele frequencies of 27 autosomal-InDels （A-InDels）. The phylogenetic trees and multidimensional scaling （MDS） analysis diagrams were constructed accordingly.ResultsAmong two studied populations, the 27 A-InDels and 16 X-InDels showed no linkage disequilibrium between each other and the allele frequency distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CDP of the 27 A-InDels in two studied populations were all higher than 0.999 999 999 9, and the CPEtrio were all less than 0.999 9. The CDP of the 16 X-InDels in Han in Jiangsu and Mongolian in Inner Mongolia female and male samples were 0.999 997 962, 0.999 998 389, and 0.999 818 940, 0.999 856 063, respectively. The CMECtrio were all less than 0.999 9. The results of population genetics showed that the Jiangsu Han nationality, Inner Mongolia Mongolian nationality and East Asian population clustered into one branch, showing closer genetic relationship. The other 7 intercontinental populations clustered into another group. And the above 3 populations displayed distant genetic relationships with the other 7 intercontinental populations.ConclusionThe InDels in the SifaInDel 45plex system have good genetic polymorphism in the two studied populations, which can be used for forensic individual identification or as an effective complement for paternity identification, and to distinguish different intercontinental populations.

Aiming at the problem of serious deformation and failure of large section chamber surrounding rock, taking the large section reverse shaft construction chamber of Lijiahao Mine as the research background, using the research methods of numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field monitoring, the deformation and failure law of surrounding rock of large section reverse shaft construction chamber of Lijiahao Mine is analyzed. The deformation and failure mechanism is revealed and the targeted control countermeasures are proposed. The results show that the roof rock of large section chamber is weak rock which is affected by excavation disturbance, the surrounding rock of roof is broken, and the horizontal and vertical displacement of roof are significant; the large section chamber has a large space, the roof rock is in the plastic zone, and the vertical displacement of the roof is 1 450 mm, 2.8 times that of the conventional section roadway; the key to the stability control of surrounding rock in large cross-section raise shaft construction chamber is roof support. The industrial application monitoring shows that the roof and floor deformation of the conventional section chamber has no obvious change, the maximum roof subsidence of the large section chamber is 132 mm, the maximum displacement of the two sides is 74 mm, and the floor has no obvious bulge, which effectively controls the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock.

On September 5th, 2022, the Ms 6.8 earthquake in Luding County, Sichuan Province induced large numbers of geological hazards. In order to deeply understand the evolution, distribution, and characteristics of geological hazards caused by the earthquake, we obtained the distribution of geological hazards by the field investigation and remote sensing interpretation. The conditions for hazard control and the countermeasures for hazard prevention and reduction are also analyzed. The results show that as of 22:00 on September 14, 2022, the earthquake has induced 565 geological hazards with threat objects in Luding County and Shimian County (including 331 collapses and 234 landslides), and 81 existing geological hazards whose deformation increased. The geological hazards induced by the earthquake are mainly medium and small mass high-level collapses, which are mainly concentrated in the areas with Seismic intensity zone of Ⅸ near the epicenter. These areas include Moxi Town, Detuo Township, both banks of Dadu River between Detuo Township and Dewei town in Luding County, Caoke Township and Wanggangping Township in Shimian County. According to the experience of the Wenchuan earthquake, the debris flow will be active in the next five years, and its characteristics of high frequency and viscous debris flow should be considered in the design of debris flow prevention and control engineering. Under the rainfall condition, the landslide deposition remaining on the slopes of Dadu River banks in the section of Detuo Township—Dewei Town can easily transform into debris flow. The transformation forms of the two hazards’ types should be fully considered in the design of prevention and control projects. The study can provide a reference for earthquake geological hazard prevention and post hazard reconstruction planning in the earthquake area.

The attention neural process(ANP) model which adopts the method of generative model,takes any number context points of the sample as input,and outputs the distribution function of the entire sample,so as to approximate the function of Gaussian process regression(GPR) to realize the data fullfilling task.In reality,many scenes or datasets containe the attributes or labels data which are critical for generating the missing data.However,the ANP ignores full use of them.Inspired by CVAE model which control sample generation with lable as condition,this paper proposes global attribute attentional neural process(GANP),which embeds sample attributes or labels into ANP network to make the model generate samples more accurately,especially when the number of input context points are scarce.In detail,the sample attributes are embedded into the encoder network,so that the latent variables contain the sample attribute information.At the same time,the sample attributes are added as features in the decoder network to help generate more accurate samples.Finally,experimental results prove the superiority of GANP in both qualitative and quantitative,and it also reveals that GANP expands the application of NP families which can solve the Gaus-sian process regression problem more flexibly,quickly and accurately.

With the increase of the current urban rail transit lines, the pressure on its safety operation increases, and a new method is needed to assist drivers to ensure the safety of vehicle operation. This paper proposes a distance measurement and anti-collision method for urban rail transit based on TOF (time of flight) ranging technology. Firstly, it describes a scenario for long-distance network communication based on the 2.4 GHz open frequency band in urban rail transit. While communicating between two vehicles or between vehicles and trackside equipment, the TOF of the signal to and from the two equipments is used to measure the distance between vehicles. According to the measured distance value, safety warning level is calculated in combination with the operating condition information such as running line of train, up and down information, braking distance, etc., and warning level and operation suggestions are given to driver through display screen, sound and light alarm and other devices to achieve driving assistance and safe operation. The system described in this paper can realize high precision inter-train distance perception within 1 km, and provide driver with real-time driving safety guidance in combination with the communication data content. It provides a solution for improving the safety of urban rail transit operation and realizing the digital construction of train and rail side equipment.

α-Enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid during glycolysis. It is a multifunctional oncoprotein that is present both in cell surface and cytoplasm, contributing to hit seven out of ten “hallmarks of cancer.” ENO1's glycolytic function deregulates cellular energetic, sustains tumor proliferation, and inhibits cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, ENO1 evades growth suppressors and helps tumors to avoid immune destruction. Besides, ENO1 “moonlights” on the cell surface and acts as a plasminogen receptor, promoting cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing angiogenesis. Overexpression of ENO1 on a myriad of cancer types together with its localization on the tumor surface makes it a great prognostic and diagnostic cancer biomarker as well as an accessible oncotherapeutic target. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about the relationship between ENO1 and cancer, examines ENO1's potential as a cancer biomarker, and discusses ENO1's role in novel onco-immunotherapeutic strategies.

Degradable hydrogels are widely used in the repair and regeneration of articular cartilage because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Three application strategies of degradable hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering were focused in this review. Firstly, the proteoglycan materials and nanocomposite materials for in-situ formed injectable hydrogels were reviewed. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional technology for tissue engineering scaffolds and the preparation methods of combination of various technologies were systematically summarized. Importantly, the research progress of 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds from pure cartilage to bone/cartilage integration, from single layer to multi-layer in recent years were summarized. Finally, the limitations of degradable hydrogel as articular cartilage scaffold material in micro-directional structure and bioactivity functionalization were discussed.It was prospected that developing highly biomimetic gradient scaffolds with multi-material, multi-scale and multi-inducement will be an important research direction of articular cartilage tissue engineering in the future.

Aiming at the driving comfort problem of a sporty large-displacement motorcycle, an optimization scheme was proposed. Through the simulation analysis of the motorcycle on the C-level road, the pitch vibration and vertical vibration acceleration, which characterize the riding comfort of the motorcycle, were obtained, and the above two index peaks were used as the target response. Sensitivity analysis and approximate modeling of related parameters were carried out, and the radial basis function neural network approximate model was used for multi-objective optimization, based on the error analysis of the approximate model. The results show that after optimization, the actual vehicle verified that the pitch vibration acceleration peak was reduced by 17.21%, and the front and rear wheel vertical vibration acceleration peaks were reduced by 8.11% and 24.18%, respectively, which improved the ride comfort of the motorcycle and verified the effectiveness of the optimization scheme.

Plasmonic sensors exhibit tremendous potential to accomplish real-time, label-free, and high-sensitivity biosensing. Gold nanohole array (GNA) is one of the classic plasmonic nanostructures that can be readily fabricated and integrated into microfluidic platforms for a variety of applications. Even though GNA has been widely studied, new phenomena and applications are still emerging continuously expanding its capabilities. In this article, we demonstrated narrow-band high-order resonances enabled by Rayleigh anomaly in the nanohole arrays that are fabricated by scalable colloidal lithography. We fabricated large-area GNAs with different hole diameters, and investigated their transmission characteristics both numerically and experimentally. We showed that mode hybridization between the plasmon mode of the nanoholes and Rayleigh anomaly of the array could give rise to high-quality decapole resonance with a unique nearfield profile. We experimentally achieved a refractive index sensitivity, i.e., RIS up to 407 nm/RIU. More importantly, we introduced a spectrometer-free refractive index sensing based on lens-free smartphone imaging of GNAs with (intensity) sensitivity up to 137%/RIU. Using this platform, we realized the label-free detection of BSA molecules with concentration as low as 10−8 M. We believe our work could pave the way for highly sensitive and compact point-of-care devices with cost-effective and high-throughput plasmonic chips.

Dynamic balance is associated with fall risk. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation with very low intensity direct current (dcGVS) on dynamic balance.

C11H12O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 15.4586(2) Å, b = 7.80238(13) Å, c = 16.4003(2) Å, β = 91.0103(13)°, V = 1977.81(5) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0413, wRref(F2) = 0.1045, T = 180 K.

To study the application of a machine learning algorithm for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy.