Author: "CHEN, L." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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100,103 results on '"CHEN, L."'

1. Experimental Verification of Demon-Involved Fluctuation Theorems

Author: Yan, L. -L., Bu, J. -T., Zeng, Q., Zhang, K., Cui, K. -F., Zhou, F., Su, S. -L., Chen, L., Wang, J., Chen, Gang, and Feng, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: The limit of energy saving in the control of small systems has recently attracted much interest due to the concept refinement of the Maxwell demon. Inspired by a newly proposed set of fluctuation theorems, we report the first experimental verification of these equalities and inequalities in a ultracold 40Ca ion system, confirming the intrinsic nonequilibrium in the system due to involvement of the demon. Based on elaborately designed demon-involved control protocols, such as the Szilard engine protocol, we provide experimentally quantitative evidence of the dissipative information, and observe tighter bounds of both the extracted work and the demon's efficacy than the limits predicted by the Sagawa-Ueda theorem. Our results substantiate a close connection between the physical nature of information and nonequilibrium processes at the microscale, which help further understanding the thermodynamic characteristics of information and the optimal design of nanoscale and smaller systems.
Published: 2024
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2. Quantum Vicsek Model for Active Matter

Author: Yuan, Hong, Cui, L. X., Chen, L. T., and Sun, C. P.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: We propose a quantum analog of the Vicsek model, consisting of an ensemble of overdamped spin$-1/2$ particles with ferromagnetic couplings, driven by a uniformly polarized magnetic field. The spontaneous magnetization of the spin components breaks the $SO(3)$ (or $SO(2)$) symmetry, inducing an ordered phase of flocking. We derive the hydrodynamic equations, similar to those formulated by Toner and Tu, by applying a mean-field approximation to the quantum analog model up to the next leading order. Our investigation not only establishes a microscopic connection between the Vicsek model and the Toner-Tu hydrodynamics for active matter, but also aims to inspire further studies of active matter in the quantum regime.
Published: 2024

3. Outstanding questions and future research of magnetic reconnection

Author: Nakamura, R., Burch, J. L., Birn, J., Chen, L. -J., Graham, D. B., Guo, F., Hwang, K. -J., Ji, H., Khotyaintsev, Y., Liu, Y. -H., Oka, M., Payne, D., Sitnov, M. I., Swisdak, M., Zenitani, S., Drake, J. F., Fuselier, S. A., Genestreti, K. J., Gershman, D. J., Hasegawa, H., Hoshino, M., Norgren, C., Shay, M. A., Shuster, J. R., and Stawarz, J. E.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: This short article highlights the unsolved problems of magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasma. The advanced in-situ plasma measurements and simulations enabled scientists to gain a novel understanding of magnetic reconnection. Still, outstanding questions remain on the complex dynamics and structures in the diffusion region, on the cross-scale and regional couplings, on the onset of magnetic reconnection, and on the details of energetics. Future directions of the magnetic reconnection research in terms of new observations, new simulations and interdisciplinary approaches are discussed., Comment: Submitted to Space Science Reviews. This is a review paper and is an outcome of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on Magnetic Reconnection: Explosive Energy Conversion in Space Plasmas held at June 27 - July 1, 2022
Published: 2024

4. Proof of the geometric Langlands conjecture II: Kac-Moody localization and the FLE

Author: Arinkin, D., Beraldo, D., Campbell, J., Chen, L., Faergeman, J., Gaitsgory, D., Lin, K., Raskin, S., and Rozenblyum, N.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract: This paper is the second in a series of five that together prove the geometric Langlands conjecture. Our goals are two-fold: (1) Formulate and prove the Fundamental Local Equivalence (FLE) at the critical level; (2) Study the interaction between Kac-Moody localization and the global geometric Langlands functor of ref. [GLC1]. This paper contains an extensive Appendix, whose primary goals are: (a) Development the theory of ind-coherent sheaves in infinite type; (b)Development of the formalism of factorization categories.
Published: 2024

5. Magnetically Driven Relativistic Jet in the High-Redshift Blazar OH~471

Author: Guo, S., An, T., Liu, Y., Sotnikova, Y., Volvach, A., Mufakharov, T., Chen, L., Cui, L., Wang, A., Xu, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., Kovalev, Y. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kharinov, M., Erkenov, A., Semenova, T., and Volvach, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context : Understanding the mechanisms that launch and shape powerful relativistic jets from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN) is crucial for probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and galaxies over cosmic time. Aims :We study the high-redshift ($z=3.396$) blazar OH~471 to explore the jet launching mechanism in the early Universe. Methods : Using multi-frequency radio monitoring observations and high-resolution Very Long Baseline Interferometry imaging over three decades, we study the milliarcsecond structure and long-term variability of OH~471. Results : Spectral modelling of the radio flux densities reveals a synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum indicating strong magnetic fields within the compact core. By applying the flux freezing approximation, we estimate the magnetic flux carried by the jet and find that it reaches or exceeds theoretical predictions for jets powered by black hole spin energy via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. This implies that OH~471 was in a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) state where the magnetic flux accumulated near the horizon regulates the accretion flow, allowing efficient extraction of black hole rotational energy. Conclusions : Our study demonstrates the dominance of MAD accretion in powering the prominent radio flares and relativistic jets observed in the radio-loud AGN OH~471 and statistical studies of large samples of high-redshift AGN will shed light on the role of MAD accretion in launching and accelerating the earliest relativistic jets., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024
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6. Emergent Topological Semimetal

Author: Kirschbaum, D. M., Chen, L., Zocco, D. A., Hu, H., Mazza, F., Jiménez, J. Larrea, Strydom, A. M., Adroja, D., Yan, X., Prokofiev, A., Si, Q., and Paschen, S.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: A material's electronic topology, which is generally described via its Bloch states and the associated bandstructure, will be enriched by the presence of interactions. In metallic settings, the interactions are usually treated through the concept of quasiparticles. Using the genuinely quantum critical heavy fermion compound CeRu$_4$Sn$_6$, we investigate what happens if no well-defined quasiparticles are present. Surprisingly, we discover a topological semimetal phase that emerges from the material's quantum critical state and exhibits a dome structure as a function of magnetic field and pressure. To understand these results, we study a Weyl-Kondo semimetal model at a Kondo destruction quantum critical point. Indeed, it exhibits features in the spectral function that can define topological crossings beyond the quasiparticle picture. We expect our work to stimulate the search for other emergent topological phases., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

7. Single-Atom Verification of the Optimal Trade-Off between Speed and Cost in Shortcuts to Adiabaticity

Author: Zhang, J. -W., Bu, J. -T., Li, J. C., Meng, Weiquan, Ding, W. -Q., Wang, B., Yuan, W. -F., Du, H. -J., Ding, G. -Y., Chen, W. -J., Chen, L., Zhou, F., Xu, Zhenyu, and Feng, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: The approach of shortcuts to adiabaticity enables the effective execution of adiabatic dynamics in quantum information processing with enhanced speed. Owing to the inherent trade-off between dynamical speed and the cost associated with the transitionless driving field, executing arbitrarily fast operations becomes impractical. To understand the accurate interplay between speed and energetic cost in this process, we propose theoretically and verify experimentally a new trade-off, which is characterized by a tightly optimized bound within $s$-parameterized phase spaces. Our experiment is carried out in a single ultracold $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ ion trapped in a harmonic potential. By exactly operating the quantum states of the ion, we execute the Landau-Zener model as an example, where the quantum speed limit as well as the cost are governed by the spectral gap. We witness that our proposed trade-off is indeed tight in scenarios involving both initially eigenstates and initially thermal equilibrium states. Our work helps understanding the fundamental constraints in shortcuts to adiabaticity and illuminates the potential of under-utilized phase spaces that have been traditionally overlooked., Comment: 6+5 pages, 3+3 figures
Published: 2024
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8. Energy-conversion device using a quantum engine with the work medium of two-atom entanglement

Author: Zhang, J. -W., Wang, B., Yuan, W. -F., Li, J. -C., Bu, J. -T., Ding, G. -Y., Ding, W. -Q., Chen, L., Zhou, F., and Feng, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Although entanglement is considered as an essential resource for quantum information processing, whether entanglement helps for energy conversion or output in the quantum regime is still lack of experimental witness. Here we report on an energy-conversion device operating as a quantum engine with the working medium acted by two entangled ions confined in a harmonic potential. The two ions are entangled by virtually coupling to one of the vibrational modes shared by the two ions, and the quantum engine couples to a quantum load, which is another shared vibrational mode. We explore the energy conversion efficiency of the quantum engine and investigate the useful energy (i.e., the maximum extractable work) stored in the quantum load by tuning the two ions in different degrees of entanglement as well as detecting the change of the phonons in the load. Our observation provides, for the first time, quantitative evidence that entanglement fuels the useful energy produced by the quantum engine, but not helpful for the energy conversion efficiency. We consider that our results may be useful to the study of quantum batteries for which one of the most indexes is the maximum extractable energy., Comment: To appear in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2024

9. Emulating generator coordinate method with extended eigenvector continuation: Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model

Author: Luo, Q. Y., Zhang, X., Chen, L. H., and Yao, J. M.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We present a benchmark study of generator coordinate method (GCM) combined with eigenvector continuation (EC) in two different schemes for the low-lying states of Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model, where the interaction strength is treated as a controlling parameter, simulating quantum many-body systems with the phase transition from non-collective to collective states. We demonstrate that the EC$_{\rm kmax}$ scheme accurately reproduces the low-lying states of the LMG model. In this scheme, the EC basis consists of the wave functions of low-lying states up to the $k_{\rm max}$-th state of sampling Hamiltonians. Compared to EC$_1$, which only includes the wave functions of the $k$-th state of sampling Hamiltonians for the $k$-th state of a target Hamiltonian, the EC$_{\rm kmax}$ scheme exhibits significantly improved efficiency and accuracy. This study suggests the potential utilization of the extended EC scheme as an efficient emulator for GCM calculations., Comment: 9 pages with 12 figures
Published: 2024
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10. Technical Design Report of the Spin Physics Detector at NICA

Author: The SPD Collaboration, Abazov, V., Abramov, V., Afanasyev, L., Akhunzyanov, R., Akindinov, A., Alekseev, I., Aleshko, A., Alexakhin, V., Alexeev, G., Alimov, L., Allakhverdieva, A., Amoroso, A., Andreev, V., Andronov, E., Anikin, Yu., Anischenko, S., Anisenkov, A., Anosov, V., Antokhin, E., Antonov, A., Antsupov, S., Anufriev, A., Asadova, K., Ashraf, S., Astakhov, V., Aynikeev, A., Azarkin, M., Azorskiy, N., Bagulya, A., Baigarashev, D., Baldin, A., Baldina, E., Barbashina, N., Barnyakov, A., Barsov, S., Bartkevich, A., Baryshevsky, V., Basharina, K., Baskakov, A., Baskov, V., Batista, M., Baturitsky, M., Bautin, V., Bedareva, T., Belokurova, S., Belova, A., Belyaeva, E., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Ya., Berezhnoy, A., Berngardt, A., Bespalov, Yu., Bleko, V., Bliznyuk, L., Bogoslovskii, D., Boiko, A., Boikov, A., Bolsunovskya, M., Boos, E., Borisov, V., Borsch, V., Budkouski, D., Bulanova, S., Bulekov, O., Bunichev, V., Burtebayev, N., Bychanok, D., Casanova, A., Cesar, G., Chemezov, D., Chepurnov, A., Chen, L., Chmill, V., Chukanov, A., Chuzo, A., Danilyuk, A., Datta, A., Dedovich, D., Demichev, M., Deng, G., Denisenko, I., Denisov, O., Derbysheva, T., Derkach, D., Didorenko, A., Dima, M. -O., Doinikov, A., Doronin, S., Dronik, V., Dubinin, F., Dunin, V., Durum, A., Egorov, A., El-Kholy, R., Enik, T., Ermak, D., Erofeev, D., Erokhin, A., Ezhov, D., Fedin, O., Fedotova, Ju., Feofilov, G., Filatov, Yu., Filimonov, S., Frolov, V., Galaktionov, K., Galoyan, A., Garkun, A., Gavrishchuk, O., Gerasimov, S., Gerassimov, S., Gilts, M., Gladilin, L., Golovanov, G., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubev, A., Golubykh, S., Goncharov, P., Gongadze, A., Greben, N., Gregoryev, A., Gribkov, D., Gridin, A., Gritsay, K., Gubachev, D., Guo, J., Gurchin, Yu., Gurinovich, A., Gurov, Yu., Guskov, A., Gutierrez, D., Guzman, F., Hakobyan, A., Han, D., Harkusha, S., Hu, Sh., Igolkin, S., Isupov, A., Ivanov, A., Ivanov, N., Ivantchenko, V., Jin, Sh., Kakurin, S., Kalinichenko, N., Kambar, Y., Kantsyrev, A., Kapitonov, I., Karjavine, V., Karpishkov, A., Katcin, A., Kekelidze, G., Kereibay, D., Khabarov, S., Kharyuzov, P., Khodzhibagiyan, H., Kidanov, E., Kidanova, E., Kim, V., Kiryanov, A., Kishchin, I., Kokoulina, E., Kolbasin, A., Komarov, V., Konak, A., Kopylov, Yu., Korjik, M., Korotkov, M., Korovkin, D., Korzenev, A., Kostenko, B., Kotova, A., Kotzinian, A., Kovalenko, V., Kovyazina, N., Kozhin, M., Kraeva, A., Kramarenko, V., Kremnev, A., Kruchonak, U., Kubankin, A., Kuchinskaia, O., Kulchitsky, Yu., Kuleshov, S., Kulikov, A., Kulikov, V., Kurbatov, V., Kurmanaliev, Zh., Kurochkin, Yu., Kutuzov, S., Kuznetsova, E., Kuyanov, I., Ladygin, E., Ladygin, V., Larionova, D., Lebedev, V., Levchuk, M., Li, P., Li, X., Li, Y., Livanov, A., Lednicki, R., Lobanov, A., Lobko, A., Loshmanova, K., Lukashevich, S., Luschevskaya, E., Lyashko, A. L'vov I., Lysan, V., Lyubovitskij, V., Madigozhin, D., Makarenko, V., Makarov, N., Makhmanazarov, R., Maleev, V., Maletic, D., Malinin, A., Maltsev, A., Maltsev, N., Malkhasyan, A., Malyshev, M., Mamoutova, O., Manakonov, A., Marova, A., Merkin, M., Meshkov, I., Metchinsky, V., Minko, O., Mitrankov, Yu., Mitrankova, M., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohamed, R., Morozova, S., Morozikhin, A., Mosolova, E., Mossolov, V., Movchan, S., Mukhamejanov, Y., Mukhamejanova, A., Muzyaev, E., Myktybekov, D., Nagorniy, S., Nassurlla, M., Nechaeva, P., Negodaev, M., Nesterov, V., Nevmerzhitsky, M., Nigmatkulov, G., Nikiforov, D., Nikitin, V., Nikolaev, A., Oleynik, D., Onuchin, V., Orlov, I., Orlova, A., Ososkov, G., Panzieri, D., Parsamyan, B., Pavzderin, P., Pavlov, V., Pedraza, M., Perelygin, V., Peshkov, D., Petrosyan, A., Petrov, M., Petrov, V., Petrukhin, K., Piskun, A., Pivovarov, S., Polishchuk, I., Polozov, P., Polyanskii, V., Ponomarev, A., Popov, V., Popovich, S., Prokhorova, D., Prokofiev, N., Prokoshin, F., Puchkov, A., Pudin, I., Pyata, E., Ratnikov, F., Rasin, V., Red'kov, V., Reshetin, A., Reznikov, S., Rogacheva, N., Romakhov, S., Rouba, A., Rudnev, V., Rusinov, V., Rusov, D., Ryltsov, V., Saduyev, N., Safonov, A., Sakhiyev, S., Salamatin, K., Saleev, V., Samartsev, A., Samigullin, E., Samoylov, O., Saprunov, E., Savenkov, A., Seleznev, A., Semak, A., Senkov, D., Sergeev, A., Seryogin, L., Seryubin, S., Shabanov, A., Shahinyan, A., Shavrin, A., Shein, I., Sheremeteva, A., Shevchenko, V., Shilyaev, K., Shimansky, S., Shinbulatov, S., Shipilov, F., Shipilova, A., Shkarovskiy, S., Shoukovy, D., Shpakov, K., Shreyber, I., Shtejer, K., Shulyakovsky, R., Shunko, A., Sinelshchikova, S., Skachkova, A., Skalnenkov, A., Smirnov, A., Smirnov, S., Snesarev, A., Solin, A., Solin jr., A., Soldatov, E., Solovtsov, V., Song, J., Sosnov, D., Stavinskiy, A., Stekacheva, D., Streletskaya, E., Strikhanov, M., Suarez, O., Sukhikh, A., Sukhovarov, S., Sulin, V., Sultanov, R., Sun, P., Svirida, D., Syresin, E., Tadevosyan, V., Tarasov, O., Tarkovsky, E., Tchekhovsky, V., Tcherniaev, E., Terekhin, A., Terkulov, A., Tereshchenko, V., Teryaev, O., Teterin, P., Tishevsky, A., Tokmenin, V., Topilin, N., Tsiareshka, P., Tumasyan, A., Tyumenkov, G., Usenko, E., Uvarov, L., Uzhinsky, V., Uzikov, Yu., Valiev, F., Vasilieva, E., Vasyukov, A., Vechernin, V., Verkheev, A., Vertogradov, L., Vertogradova, Yu., Vidal, R., Voitishin, N., Volkov, I., Volkov, P., Vorobyov, A., Voskanyan, H., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Xu, T., Yanovich, A., Yeletskikh, I., Yerezhep, N., Yurchenko, S., Zakharov, A., Zamiatin, N., Zamora-Saá, J., Zarochentsev, A., Zelenov, A., Zemlyanichkina, E., Zhabitsky, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, Zh., Zhemchugov, A., Zherebchevsky, V., Zhevlakov, A., Zhigareva, N., Zhou, J., Zhuang, X., Zhukov, I., Zhuravlev, N., Zinin, A., Zmeev, S., Zolotykh, D., Zubarev, E., and Zvyagina, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Spin Physics Detector collaboration proposes to install a universal detector in the second interaction point of the NICA collider under construction (JINR, Dubna) to study the spin structure of the proton and deuteron and other spin-related phenomena using a unique possibility to operate with polarized proton and deuteron beams at a collision energy up to 27 GeV and a luminosity up to $10^{32}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. As the main goal, the experiment aims to provide access to the gluon TMD PDFs in the proton and deuteron, as well as the gluon transversity distribution and tensor PDFs in the deuteron, via the measurement of specific single and double spin asymmetries using different complementary probes such as charmonia, open charm, and prompt photon production processes. Other polarized and unpolarized physics is possible, especially at the first stage of NICA operation with reduced luminosity and collision energy of the proton and ion beams. This document is dedicated exclusively to technical issues of the SPD setup construction.
Published: 2024

11. Cabello's nonlocality argument for multisetting high-dimensional systems and its experimental test

Author: Yang, M., Zhang, D., and Chen, L.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Recent advancements have expanded Hardy's nonlocality arguments into multisetting and multidimensional systems to enhance quantum correlations. In comparison with Hardy's nonlocal argument, Cabello's nonlocal argument (CNA) emerges as a superior choice for illustrating nonlocal features. An open question persists regarding the potential extension of CNA to arbitrary (k, d) scenarios. Here, we answer this question both in theory and experiment. Theoretically, by utilizing compatibility graphs, we construct a new logical framework for multisetting and multidimensional CNA, demonstrating an increase in the maximum successful probability with setting k and dimension d. Experimentally, by employing controllable photonic orbital angular momentum entanglement, we exhibit nonlocality with an experimentally recorded probability of 20.29% in the (2, 4) scenario and 28.72% in the (6, 2) scenario. Our work showcases a sharper contradiction between quantum mechanics and classical theory, surpassing the bound limited by the original version.
Published: 2024

12. Spin current control of magnetism

Author: Chen, L., Sun, Y., Mankovsky, S., Meier, T. N. G., Kronseder, M., Ebert, H., Weiss, D., and Back, C. H.
Subjects: Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: Exploring novel strategies to manipulate the order parameter of magnetic materials by electrical means is of great importance, not only for advancing our understanding of fundamental magnetism, but also for unlocking potential practical applications. A well-established concept to date uses gate voltages to control magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropies, coercive field, Curie temperature and Gilbert damping, by modulating the charge carrier population within a capacitor structure. Note that the induced carriers are non-spin-polarized, so the control via the electric-field is independent of the direction of the magnetization. Here, we show that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of ultrathin Fe films can be reversibly modified by a spin current generated in Pt by the spin Hall effect. The effect decreases with increasing Fe thickness, indicating that the origin of the modification can be traced back to the interface. Uniquely, the change in MCA due to the spin current depends not only on the polarity of the charge current but also on the direction of magnetization, i.e. the change in MCA has opposite sign when the direction of magnetization is reversed. The control of magnetism by the spin current results from the modified exchange splitting of majority- and minority-spin bands, and differs significantly from the manipulation by gate voltages via a capacitor structure, providing a functionality that was previously unavailable and could be useful in advanced spintronic devices.
Published: 2024

13. Abundant sub-micron grains revealed in newly discovered extreme debris discs

Author: Moór, A., Ábrahám, P., Su, K. Y. L., Henning, T., Marino, S., Chen, L., Kóspál, Á., Pawellek, N., Varga, J., and Vida, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Extreme debris discs (EDDs) are bright and warm circumstellar dusty structures around main sequence stars. They may represent the outcome of giant collisions occuring in the terrestrial region between large planetesimals or planetary bodies, and thus provide a rare opportunity to peer into the aftermaths of these events. Here, we report on results of a mini-survey we conducted with the aim to increase the number of known EDDs, investigate the presence of solid-state features around 10{\mu}m in eight EDDs, and classify them into the silica or silicate dominated groups. We identify four new EDDs and derive their fundamental properties. For these, and for four other previously known discs, we study the spectral energy distribution around 10{\mu}m by means of VLT/VISIR photometry in three narrow-band filters and conclude that all eight objects likely exhibit solid-state emission features from sub-micron grains. We find that four discs probably belong to the silicate dominated subgroup. Considering the age distribution of the entire EDD sample, we find that their incidence begins to decrease only after 300 Myr, suggesting that the earlier common picture that these objects are related to the formation of rocky planets may not be exclusive, and that other processes may be involved for older objects (>100 Myr). Because most of the older EDD systems have wide, eccentric companions, we suggest that binarity may play a role in triggering late giant collisions., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, published in MNRAS
Published: 2024
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14. Hidden domain boundary dynamics towards crystalline perfection

Author: Mangu, A., Stoica, V. A., Zheng, H., Yang, T., Zhang, M., Wang, H., Nguyen, Q. L., Song, S., Das, S., Meisenheimer, P., Donoway, E., Chollet, M., Sun, Y., Turner, J. J., Freeland, J. W., Wen, H., Martin, L. W., Chen, L. -Q., Gopalan, V., Zhu, D., Cao, Y., and Lindenberg, A. M.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: A central paradigm of non-equilibrium physics concerns the dynamics of heterogeneity and disorder, impacting processes ranging from the behavior of glasses to the emergent functionality of active matter. Understanding these complex mesoscopic systems requires probing the microscopic trajectories associated with irreversible processes, the role of fluctuations and entropy growth, and the timescales on which non-equilibrium responses are ultimately maintained. Approaches that illuminate these processes in model systems may enable a more general understanding of other heterogeneous non-equilibrium phenomena, and potentially define ultimate speed and energy cost limits for information processing technologies. Here, we apply ultrafast single shot x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to resolve the non-equilibrium, heterogeneous, and irreversible mesoscale dynamics during a light-induced phase transition. This approach defines a new way of capturing the nucleation of the induced phase, the formation of transient mesoscale defects at the boundaries of the nuclei, and the eventual annihilation of these defects, even in systems with complex polarization topologies. A non-equilibrium response spanning >10 orders of magnitude in timescales is observed, with multistep behavior similar to the plateaus observed in supercooled liquids and glasses. We show how the observed time-dependent long-time correlations can be understood in terms of the stochastic dynamics of domain walls, encoded in effective waiting-time distributions with power-law tails. This work defines new possibilities for probing the non-equilibrium and correlated dynamics of disordered and heterogeneous media.
Published: 2024

15. Mid-infrared evidence for iron-rich dust in the multi-ringed inner disk of HD 144432

Author: Varga, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., Hogerheijde, M., van Boekel, R., Matter, A., Lopez, B., Perraut, K., Chen, L., Nadella, D., Wolf, S., Dominik, C., Kóspál, Á., Ábrahám, P., Augereau, J. -C., Boley, P., Bourdarot, G., Garatti, A. Caratti o, de Miera, F. Cruz-Sáenz, Danchi, W. C., Rosas, V. Gámez, Henning, Th., Hofmann, K. -H., Houllé, M., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Juhász, T., Kecskeméthy, V., Kobus, J., Kokoulina, E., Labadie, L., Lykou, F., Millour, F., Moór, A., Morujão, N., Pantin, E., Schertl, D., Scheuck, M., van Haastere, L., Weigelt, G., Woillez, J., Woitke, P., MATISSE, and Collaborations, GRAVITY
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Rocky planets form by the concentration of solid particles in the inner few au regions of planet-forming disks. Their chemical composition reflects the materials in the disk available in the solid phase at the time the planets were forming. Aims. We aim to constrain the structure and dust composition of the inner disk of the young star HD 144432, using an extensive set of infrared interferometric data taken by the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), combining PIONIER, GRAVITY, and MATISSE observations. Methods. We introduced a new physical disk model, TGMdust, to image the interferometric data, and to fit the disk structure and dust composition. We also performed equilibrium condensation calculations with GGchem. Results. Our best-fit model has three disk zones with ring-like structures at 0.15, 1.3, and 4.1 au. Assuming that the dark regions in the disk at ~0.9 au and at ~3 au are gaps opened by planets, we estimate the masses of the putative gap-opening planets to be around a Jupiter mass. We find evidence for an optically thin emission ($\tau<0.4$) from the inner two disk zones ($r<4$ au) at $\lambda>3\ \mu$m. Our silicate compositional fits confirm radial mineralogy gradients. To identify the dust component responsible for the infrared continuum emission, we explore two cases for the dust composition, one with a silicate+iron mixture and the other with a silicate+carbon one. We find that the iron-rich model provides a better fit to the spectral energy distribution. Conclusions. We propose that in the warm inner regions ($r<5$ au) of typical planet-forming disks, most if not all carbon is in the gas phase, while iron and iron sulfide grains are major constituents of the solid mixture along with forsterite and enstatite. Our analysis demonstrates the need for detailed studies of the dust in inner disks with new mid-infrared instruments such as MATISSE and JWST/MIRI., Comment: 29 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2024
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16. CPL-01, an investigational long-acting ropivacaine, demonstrates safety and efficacy in open inguinal hernia repair

Author: Xu, H. T., Zimmerman, J., Bertoch, T., Chen, L., Chen, P. J., and Onel, E.
Published: 2024
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17. SMURF1-Interference Effects Autophagy and Pulmonary Fibrosis through SMAD7 and the TGF-β1/SMAD Pathway

Author: Lin, L., Xue, D., Chen, L.-M., Wei, Q.-Y., Chen, J.-H., Li, Y., Ye, X.-L., and Huang, Z.-H.
Published: 2024
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18. Spontaneous supercrystal formation during a strain-engineered metal-insulator transition

Author: Gorobtsov, O. Yu., Miao, L., Shao, Z., Tan, Y., Schnitzer, N. I., Goodge, B. H., Ruf, J., Weinstock, D., Cherukara, M., Holt, M. V., Nair, H., Chen, L. -Q., Kourkoutis, L. F., Schlom, D. G., Shen, K. M., and Singer, A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Mott metal-insulator transitions possess electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom promising next generation energy-efficient electronics. We report a previously unknown, hierarchically ordered state during a Mott transition and demonstrate correlated switching of functional electronic properties. We elucidate in-situ formation of an intrinsic supercrystal in a Ca2RuO4 thin film. Machine learning-assisted X-ray nanodiffraction together with electron microscopy reveal multi-scale periodic domain formation at and below the film transition temperature (TFilm ~ 200-250 K) and a separate anisotropic spatial structure at and above TFilm. Local resistivity measurements imply an intrinsic coupling of the supercrystal orientation to the material's anisotropic conductivity. Our findings add an additional degree of complexity to the physical understanding of Mott transitions, opening opportunities for designing materials with tunable electronic properties.
Published: 2023

19. Unveiling plasma energization and energy transport in the Earth Magnetospheric System: the need for future coordinated multiscale observations

Author: Retino, A., Kepko, L., Kucharek, H., Marcucci, M. F., Nakamura, R., Amano, T., Angelopoulos, V., Bale, S. D., Caprioli, D., Cassak, P., Chasapis, A., Chen, L. -J., Dai, L., Dunlop, M. W., Forsyth, C., Fu, H., Galvin, A., Contel, O. Le, Yamauchi, M., Kistler, L., Khotyaintsev, Y., Klein, K., Mann, I. R., Matthaeus, W., Mouikis, K., Nykyri, K., Palmroth, M., Plaschke, F., Saito, Y., Soucek, J., Spence, H., Turner, D. L., Vaivads, A., and Valentini, F.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: Energetic plasma is everywhere in the Universe. The terrestrial Magnetospheric System is a key case where direct measures of plasma energization and energy transport can be made in situ at high resolution. Despite the large amount of available observations, we still do not fully understand how plasma energization and energy transport work. Key physical processes driving much plasma energization and energy transport occur where plasma on fluid scales couple to the smaller ion kinetic scales. These scales (1 RE) are strongly related to the larger mesoscales (several RE) at which large-scale plasma energization and energy transport structures form. All these scales and processes need to be resolved experimentally, however existing multi-point in situ observations do not have a sufficient number of measurement points. New multiscale observations simultaneously covering scales from mesoscales to ion kinetic scales are needed. The implementation of these observations requires a strong international collaboration in the coming years between the major space agencies. The Plasma Observatory is a mission concept tailored to resolve scale coupling in plasma energization and energy transport at fluid and ion scales. It targets the two ESA-led Medium Mission themes Magnetospheric Systems and Plasma Cross-scale Coupling of the ESA Voyage 2050 report and is currently under evaluation as a candidate for the ESA M7 mission. MagCon (Magnetospheric Constellation) is a mission concept being studied by NASA aiming at studying the flow of mass, momentum, and energy through the Earth magnetosphere at mesoscales. Coordination between Plasma Observatory and MagCon missions would allow us for the first time to simultaneously cover from mesoscales to ion kinetic scales leading to a paradigm shift in the understanding of the Earth Magnetospheric System., Comment: A White Paper submitted for the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033
Published: 2023

20. The disk of the eruptive protostar V900 Mon; a MATISSE/VLTI and MUSE/VLT perspective

Author: Lykou, F., Ábrahám, P., de Miera, F. Cruz-Sáenz, Varga, J., Kóspál, Á., Bouwman, J., Chen, L., Kraus, S., Sitko, M. L., Russell, R. W., and Pikhartova, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: In this work, we study the silicate dust content in the disk of one of the youngest eruptive stars, V900 Mon, at the highest angular resolution probing down to the inner 10 au of said disk, and study the historical evolution of the system traced in part by a newly discovered emission clump. We performed high-angular resolution mid-infrared interferometric observations of V900 Mon with MATISSE/VLTI with a spatial coverage ranging from 38-m to 130-m baselines, and compared them to archival MIDI/VLTI data. We also mined and re-analyzed archival optical and infrared photometry of the star to study its long-term evolution since its eruption in the 1990s. We complemented our findings with integral field spectroscopy data from MUSE/VLT. The MATISSE/VLTI data suggest a radial variation of the silicate feature in the dusty disk, whereby at large spatial scales ($\geq10$ au) the protostellar disk's emission is dominated by large-sized ($\geq1\,\mu m$) silicate grains, while at smaller spatial scales and closer to the star ($\leq5$ au), silicate emission is absent suggesting self-shielding. We propose that the self-shielding may be the result of small dust grains at the base of the collimated CO outflow previously detected by ALMA. A newly discovered knot in the MUSE/VLT data, located at a projected distance approximately 27,000 au from the star, is co-aligned with the molecular gas outflow at a P.A. of $250^o$ ($\pm5^o$) consistent with the position angle and inclination of the disk. The knot is seen in emission in H$\alpha$, [N II], and the [S II] doublet and its kinematic age is about 5150 years. This ejected material could originate from a previous eruption., Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2023

21. Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 2. microscopic dynamics

Author: Genestreti, K. J., Farrugia, C., Lu, S., Vines, S. K., Reiff, P. H., Phan, T. -D., Baker, D. N., Leonard, T. W., Burch, J. L., Bingham, S. T., Cohen, I. J., Shuster, J. R., Gershman, D. J., Mouikis, C. G., Rogers, A. T., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., Webster, J. M., Chen, L. -J., Giles, B. L., Ahmadi, N., Ergun, R. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Nakamura, R., and Turner, D. L.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We analyze the local dynamics of magnetotail reconnection onset using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. In conjunction with MMS, the macroscopic dynamics of this event were captured by a number of other ground and space-based observatories, as is reported in a companion paper. We find that the local dynamics of the onset were characterized by the rapid thinning of the cross-tail current sheet below the ion inertial scale, accompanied by the growth of flapping waves and the subsequent onset of electron tearing. Multiple kinetic-scale magnetic islands were detected coincident with the growth of an initially sub-Alfv\'enic, demagnetized tailward ion exhaust. The onset and rapid enhancement of parallel electron inflow at the exhaust boundary was a remote signature of the intensification of reconnection Earthward of the spacecraft. Two secondary reconnection sites are found embedded within the exhaust from a primary X-line. The primary X-line was designated as such on the basis that (1) while multiple jet reversals were observed in the current sheet, only one reversal of the electron inflow was observed at the high-latitude exhaust boundary, (2) the reconnection electric field was roughly 5 times larger at the primary X-line than the secondary X-lines, and (3) energetic electron fluxes increased and transitioned from anti-field-aligned to isotropic during the primary X-line crossing, indicating a change in magnetic topology. The results are consistent with the idea that a primary X-line mediates the reconnection of lobe magnetic field lines and accelerates electrons more efficiently than its secondary X-line counterparts., Comment: In press, JGR Space Physics, JGRA58162
Published: 2023

22. Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 1. macroscopic dynamics

Author: Genestreti, K. J., Farrugia, C., Lu, S., Vines, S. K., Reiff, P. H., Phan, T. -D., Baker, D. N., Leonard, T. W., Burch, J. L., Bingham, S. T., Cohen, I. J., Shuster, J. R., Gershman, D. J., Mouikis, C. G., Rogers, A. T., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., Webster, J. M., Chen, L. -J., Giles, B. L., Ahmadi, N., Ergun, R. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., and Nakamura, R.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: We analyze a magnetotail reconnection onset event on 3 July 2017 that was observed under otherwise quiescent magnetospheric conditions by a fortuitous conjunction of six space and ground-based observatories. The study investigates the large-scale coupling of the solar wind - magnetosphere system that precipitated the onset of the magnetotail reconnection, focusing on the processes that thinned and stretched the cross-tail current layer in the absence of significant flux loading during a two-hour-long preconditioning phase. It is demonstrated with data in the (1) upstream solar wind, (2) at the low-latitude magnetopause, (3) in the high-latitude polar cap, and (4) in the magnetotail that the typical picture of solar wind-driven current sheet thinning via flux loading does not appear relevant for this particular event. We find that the current sheet thinning was, instead, initiated by a transient solar wind pressure pulse and that the current sheet thinning continued even as the magnetotail and solar wind pressures decreased. We suggest that field line curvature induced scattering (observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)) and precipitation (observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)) of high-energy thermal protons may have evacuated plasma sheet thermal energy, which may require a thinning of the plasma sheet to preserve pressure equilibrium with the solar wind., Comment: In press, JGR space physics, JGRA58161
Published: 2023

23. High-Sensitive Microwave Electrometry with Enhanced Instantaneous Bandwidth

Author: Yang, Bowen, Yan, Yuhan, Li, Xuejie, Xiao, Ling, Li, Xiaolin, Chen, L. Q., Deng, Jianliao, and Cheng, Huadong
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: Rydberg microwave (MW) sensors are superior to conventional antenna-based techniques because of their wide operating frequency range and outstanding potential sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate a Rydberg microwave receiver with a high sensitivity of $62\,\mathrm{nV} \mathrm{cm}^{-1} \mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ and broad instantaneous bandwidth of up to $10.2\,\mathrm{MHz}$. Such excellent performance was achieved by the amplification of one generated sideband wave induced by the strong coupling field in the six-wave mixing process of the Rydberg superheterodyne receiver, which was well predicted by our theory. Our system, which possesses a uniquely enhanced instantaneous bandwidth and high-sensitivity features that can be improved further, will promote the application of Rydberg microwave electrometry in radar and communication.
Published: 2023
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24. Jordan derivable mappings on B(H)

Author: Chen, L., Guo, F., and Qin, Z.-J.
Published: 2024
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25. Correlation study between bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density, and sarcopenia

Author: Xie, W. Q., He, M., Yu, D. J., Li, H. Z., Jin, H. F., Ji, B. Z., Yang, G., Chen, L. L., Rahmati, M., and Li, Y. S.
Published: 2024
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26. On an Equivalence of Divisors on M¯0,n from Gromov-Witten Theory and Conformal Blocks

Author: Chen, L., Gibney, A., Heller, L., Kalashnikov, E., Larson, H., and Xu, W.
Published: 2024
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27. One-Pot Approach to N-Benzenesulfonyl Amino Acid Esters That Enhance Proline Content in Response to Excess Cadmium

Author: Huang, Z. Y., Li, X. H., Yang, P., Chen, L. J., and Yang, X. J.
Published: 2024
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28. Phonon chirality from impurity scattering in the antiferromagnetic phase of Sr2IrO4

Author: Ataei, A., Grissonnanche, G., Boulanger, M.-E., Chen, L., Lefrançois, É., Brouet, V., and Taillefer, L.
Published: 2024
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29. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of 2,4-Position Modified Pyrimidine Derivatives

Author: Chen, L., Yao, Z. D., Chen, Y., and Zhao, L.
Published: 2024
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30. Mechanical response, deformation and damage mechanisms in dual-phase cobalt upon plate impact

Author: Chen, Y. T., Cai, Y., Chen, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Xu, J., Liu, X. H., Zhang, N. B., Lu, L., and Luo, S. N.
Published: 2024
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31. Construction and optimization of boldenone synthesis from androstenedione catalyzed by a dual-enzyme system

Author: Liang, Y., Li, H., Liu, W., Xu, L. Y., Zhang, J. X., Chen, L. Y., Wang, S. L., Shi, J. S., and Xu, Z. H.
Published: 2024
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32. The effect of Quantum Statistics on the sensitivity in an SU(1,1) interferometer

Author: Zeng, Jie, Ding, Yingxing, Zhou, Mengyao, Jiao, Gao-Feng, Zhang, Keye, Chen, L. Q., Zhang, Weiping, and Yuan, Chun-Hua
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: We theoretically study the effect of quantum statistics of the light field on the quantum enhancement of parameter estimation based on cat state input the SU(1,1) interferometer. The phase sensitivity is dependent on the relative phase $\theta$ between two coherent states of Schr\"{o}dinger cat states. The optimal sensitivity is achieved when the relative phase is $\pi$% , i.e., odd coherent states input. For a coherent state input into one port, the phase sensitivity of the odd coherent state into the second input port is inferior to that of the squeezed vacuum state input. However, in the presence of losses the Schr\"{o}dinger cat states are more resistant to loss than squeezed vacuum states. As the amplitude of Schr\"{o}dinger cat states increases, the quantum enhancement of phase sensitivity decreases, which shows that the quantum statistics of Schr\"{o}dinger cat states tends towards Poisson statistics from sub-Poisson statistics or super-Poisson statistics., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2302.09823
Published: 2023

33. Laboratory Study of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

Author: Ji, H., Yoo, J., Fox, W., Yamada, M., Argall, M., Egedal, J., Liu, Y. -H., Wilder, R., Eriksson, S., Daughton, W., Bergstedt, K., Bose, S., Burch, J., Torbert, R., Ng, J., and Chen, L. -J.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: A concise review is given on the past two decades' results from laboratory experiments on collisionless magnetic reconnection in direct relation with space measurements, especially by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Highlights include spatial structures of electromagnetic fields in ion and electron diffusion regions as a function of upstream symmetry and guide field strength; energy conversion and partition from magnetic field to ions and electrons including particle acceleration; electrostatic and electromagnetic kinetic plasma waves with various wavelengths; and plasmoid-mediated multiscale reconnection. Combined with the progress in theoretical, numerical, and observational studies, the physics foundation of fast reconnection in colisionless plasmas has been largely established, at least within the parameter ranges and spatial scales that were studied. Immediate and long-term future opportunities based on multiscale experiments and space missions supported by exascale computation are discussed, including dissipation by kinetic plasma waves, particle heating and acceleration, and multiscale physics across fluid and kinetic scales., Comment: 40 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2023

34. Impact of Family Doctor Contract Services on Preventable Hospitalizations Amongst Patients with Hypertension in Rural China: Mediating Role of Primary Healthcare Quality

Author: Li W, Hou Y, An J, Chen L, and Lu S
Subjects: family doctor contract services, preventable hospitalizations, primary healthcare quality, hypertension, mediation analysis, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Wenyu Li,1 Yanqiu Hou,1 Jiayu An,1 Linxuan Chen,1 Shan Lu1,2 1School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shan Lu, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hang Kong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15827079650, Email shanlu@hust.edu.cnPurpose: The objective of this study was to explore the connection between family doctor contract services and preventable hospitalizations. Additionally, we sought to examine the role of primary health care quality as a mediating factor in the link between family doctor contract services and preventable hospitalizations among patients with hypertension.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Dangyang (Hubei Province, Central China) and Xishui (Guizhou Province, Western China) counties in July–August 2023. Participants comprised 625 patients selected via a multi-stage sampling method. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to explore the effect of family doctor contract services on preventable hospitalizations and the mediating effect of primary healthcare quality on this relationship.Results: Utilization rate of family doctor contract services of hypertensive patients was 58.6%, score of primary health service quality was 70.75 and incidence of preventable hospitalizations was 28.2%. Amongst hypertensive patients, utilization of family doctor contract services decreased the occurrence of preventable hospitalizations, with a total effect of − 0.22 (p < 0.001). Primary healthcare quality mediates the association, with a mediate effect of − 0.05 (p < 0.001), explaining 22.73% of the total effect.Conclusion: Improving the utilization of family doctor contract services and primary healthcare quality may result in lower rates of preventable hospitalizations amongst hypertensive patients.Keywords: family doctor contract services, preventable hospitalizations, primary healthcare quality, hypertension, mediation analysis
Published: 2024

35. Prognostic Factors That Affect Mortality Patients with Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infection

Author: Huang C, Gao Y, Lin H, Fan Q, Chen L, and Feng Y
Subjects: acinetobacter baumannii, bloodstream infection, mortality, prognostic predictors, multidrug-resistance., Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Chunrong Huang,1,2,&ast; Yulian Gao,1,2,&ast; Hongxia Lin,1– 3,&ast; Qinmei Fan,4,&ast; Ling Chen,1,2 Yun Feng1,2 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s hospital of Jin Zhong, JinZhong, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ling Chen; Yun Feng, Email co840608@hotmail.com; fy01057@163.comBackground: To evaluate the clinical features of patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (BSI).Methods: Totally 200 inpatients with Acinetobacter baumannii BSI were included, clinical features of Acinetobacter baumannii BSI inpatients between 90-day survival and 90-day mortality groups, between 30-day survival and 30-day mortality groups, between patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR group) and sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (sensitive group) were analyzed. The prognostic factors of 90-day mortality were analyzed by univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. The survival curve in bloodstream infectious patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR group) and sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (sensitive group) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.Results: The 90-day mortality patients had significantly higher carbapenem-resistant bacterial infection and critical care unit (ICU) admission. The 90-day and 30-day mortality groups showed higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels and lower red blood cells (RBC) and albumin (ALB) levels than their survival counterparts, respectively. Critical surgery, ICU admission and delayed antibiotic treatment were independently prognostic risk predictors for 90-day mortality in Acinetobacter baumannii BSI patients, while critical surgery and diabetes were independently prognostic risk predictors for 90-day mortality in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BSI patients. Compared with sensitive group, MDR group showed significantly longer ICU and whole hospital stay, lower levels of lymphocytes, RBC, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and ALB, higher frequency of infection originating from the skin and skin structure. Moreover, patients in the MDR group had a significantly worse overall survival than the sensitive group.Conclusion: We identified the prognostic factors of Acinetobacter baumannii BSI and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii BSI patients. Critical surgery, ICU admission, delayed antibiotic treatment or diabetes were significantly associated with the mortality of those patients. Moreover, aggressive measures to control MDR Acinetobacter baumannii could lead to improved outcomes. Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, bloodstream infection, mortality, prognostic predictors, multidrug-resistance
Published: 2024

36. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Septic Patients

Author: Zhao L, Zhang T, Li X, Chen L, Zhou S, Meng Z, Fang W, Xu J, Zhang J, and Chen M
Subjects: sepsis, acute kidney injury, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, vasopressor use, nomogram, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Li Zhao,1 Tuo Zhang,2 Xunliang Li,3 Li Chen,1 Shenglin Zhou,1 Zhaoli Meng,1 Wei Fang,1 Jianle Xu,4 Jicheng Zhang,1 Man Chen1,2 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Intensive Care Unit, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Statistics and Medical Records Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jicheng Zhang; Man Chen, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangjicheng2023@126.com; chenman_slyy@163.comPurpose: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting the risk of S-AKI patients.Patients and Methods: We collected data from septic patients admitted to the Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University from January 2019 to September 2022. Septic patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of AKI. A nomogram was developed by multiple logistic regression analyses. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using C-statistics, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The validation cohort contained 70 patients between December 2022, and March 2023 in the same hospital.Results: 198 septic patients were enrolled in the training cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and vasopressor use were independent risk factors for S-AKI. A nomogram was developed based on these factors. C-statistics for the training and validation cohorts were respectively 0.873 (95% CI 0.825– 0.921) and 0.826 (95% CI 0.727– 0.924), indicating high prediction accuracy. The calibration curves showed good concordance. DCA revealed that the nomogram was of great clinical value.Conclusion: The nomogram presents early and effective prediction for the S-AKI patients, and provides optimal intervention to improve patient outcomes.Keywords: sepsis, acute kidney injury, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, vasopressor use, nomogram
Published: 2024

37. Pathological Changes and Pregnancy Outcomes in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Patients After Cold Knife Conization

Author: Cui N, Li X, Wen X, Xu JJ, and Chen L
Subjects: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cold knife conization, pregnant women, colposcope biopsy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Na Cui,1 Xue Li,1 Xin Wen,1 JingJing Xu,2 Li Chen1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasound, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li Chen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, No. 320 Changcheng North Street, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s Republic of China, Email chenliphd1407@outlook.comObjective: Analyze women treated with underwent cold knife conization (CKC) to remove advanced squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN) of the cervix. The histopathological upgrading of the lesions previously detected on vaginal biopsy and postoperative pregnancy outcomes of were investigated, to identify high-risk subgroups in women.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the First Central Hospital of Baoding City from June 2019 to December 2022 to analyze confirmed cases of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia CIN-II and CIN-III. Investigation of pathological changes in postoperative pathological tissues, and to perform binary logistic analysis to identify risk factors for histopathological escalation in postoperative lesions. We analyze the effects of CKC surgery on pregnancy outcomes in patients by comparing against a control group of healthy pregnant women.Results: Out of the 176 patients diagnosed with CIN-II who underwent cervical biopsy, 39 (22.16%) were found to have a final specimen diagnosis of CIN-III, while 7 (3.98%) were downgraded to CIN-I. Among the 108 patients diagnosed with CIN-III who underwent cervical biopsy, 7 cases (6.48%) were ultimately confirmed to have CIN-III. Ki67-positive, p16-positive (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01– 1.15), and colposcopy biopsy for CIN-II (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.33– 3.6) were independent risk factors for pathological upgrade after CKC. Compared with healthy pregnant women, CIN patients had higher rates of premature birth (14.4%), premature rupture of the fetal membrane (13.6%), and cesarean section (37.5%) (P < 0.05). The mode of conception, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and postpartum hemorrhage were not different between healthy pregnant women and CIN patients (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Following cervical multi-point biopsy or CKC, along with pathological examination, the accurate diagnosis of cervical lesions is crucial as it allows for more precise identification of such lesions. Additionally, CKC increases the risk of premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, and the need for cesarean section.Keywords: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cold knife conization, pregnant women, colposcopy biopsy
Published: 2024

38. The Clinicopathological Features and Prognoses of Lower Uterine Segment Cancer: A Retrospective, Single-Center Cohort Study

Author: Wang H, Xiao Y, Cai Y, Zhou Y, Chen L, Guo J, Shi X, and Liang Z
Subjects: endometrial cancer, lower uterine segment, prognosis, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Hao Wang,1 Yinbo Xiao,1 Yumeng Cai,1 Yang Zhou,1 Longyun Chen,1 Jianbin Guo,2 Xiaohua Shi,1 Zhiyong Liang1 1Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhiyong Liang; Xiaohua Shi, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Tel +86 10-69159353 ; +86 10-69159365, Email liangzy@pumch.cn; shixiaohua3762@foxmail.comIntroduction: This study used single-center data to analyze the clinicopathological features of site-specific endometrial cancer.Methods: Patients with endometrial carcinoma who had undergone surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China, between March 2016 and January 2022 were enrolled. Clinical information and pathological characteristics were summarized, and microsatellite status was analyzed using the immunohistochemical method. Patient prognoses were measured in terms of the rates of overall survival and progression-free survival.Results: The mean patient age was 49 years (ranging: from 25 to 76 years old), and there was no difference in clinicopathological features between endometrioid and type II endometrial carcinoma in LUSC. The ER and PR expression ratios were 80.4% and 64.3%, respectively, in this LUSC cohort, and the MMR deficiency ratio was 33.9%, including 39.6% in endometrioid carcinoma and 15.4% in type II endometrial carcinoma. Combined MSH2&MSH6 loss was more common than combined MLH1&PMS2 being unexpressed (16.1% vs 12.5%), and dMMR patients differed significantly from the pMMR group in terms of vascular invasion (P=0.003). The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not provide a statistically significant improvement in prognosis compared to chemotherapy alone.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that LUSC patients tended to be younger and their tumors had less expression of hormone markers. The biological behavior of both endometrioid cancer and type II EC may be similar when EC occurs in this area. Furthermore, this type of tumor also showed a higher incidence of vascular invasion, and the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not provide significant improvement. Thus, successful treatment of LUSC tumors requires aggressive surgical intervention and a more effective postoperative treatment approach.Keywords: endometrial cancer, lower uterine segment, prognosis
Published: 2024

39. Natural Coptidis Rhizoma Nanoparticles Improved the Oral Delivery of Docetaxel

Author: Ye D, Ding D, Pan LY, Zhao Q, Chen L, Zheng M, Zhang T, and Ma BL
Subjects: docetaxel, oral delivery, self-assembly, nanoparticles, pharmacokinetics, coptidis rhizoma, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Dan Ye,1 Ding Ding,1 Ling-Yun Pan,2 Qing Zhao,3 Long Chen,2 Min Zheng,1 Tong Zhang,1 Bing-Liang Ma1 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 2Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Jing’an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200070, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bing-Liang Ma; Tong Zhang, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cai Lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-021-5132 2199 ; +86-021-5132 2318, Fax +86-021-5132 2192, Email bingliang.ma@hotmail.com; zhangtongshutcm@hotmail.comPurpose: Docetaxel (DTX) is a valuable anti-tumor chemotherapy drug with limited oral bioavailability. This study aims to develop an effective oral delivery system for DTX using natural nanoparticles (Nnps) derived from Coptidis Rhizoma extract.Methods: DTX-loaded self-assembled nanoparticles (Nnps-DTX) were created using an optimized heat-induction strategy. Nnps-DTX’s shape, size, Zeta potential, and in vitro stability were all carefully examined. Additionally, the study investigated the encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, crystal form, and intermolecular interactions of DTX in Nnps-DTX. Subsequently, the solubility, release, cellular uptake, metabolic stability, and preclinical pharmacokinetics of DTX in Nnps-DTX were systematically evaluated. Finally, the cytotoxicity of Nnps-DTX was assessed in three tumor cell lines.Results: Nnps-DTX was spherical in shape, 138.6 ± 8.2 nm in size, with a Zeta potential of − 20.8 ± 0.6 mV, a DTX encapsulation efficiency of 77.6 ± 8.5%, and a DTX loading capacity of 6.8 ± 1.9%. Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions were involved in the formation of Nnps-DTX. DTX within Nnps-DTX was in an amorphous form, resulting in enhanced solubility (23.3 times) and release compared to free DTX. Following oral treatment, the mice in the Nnps-DTX group had DTX peak concentrations 8.8, 23.4, 44.6, and 5.7 times higher in their portal vein, systemic circulation, liver, and lungs than the mice in the DTX group. Experiments performed in Caco-2 cells demonstrated a significant increase in DTX uptake by Nnps-DTX compared to free DTX, which was significantly inhibited by indomethacin, an inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, compared to DTX, DTX in Nnps-DTX demonstrated better metabolic stability in liver microsomes. Notably, Nnps-DTX significantly reduced the viability of MCF-7, HCT116, and HepG2 cells.Conclusion: The novel self-assembled nanoparticles considerably enhanced the cellular absorption, solubility, release, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetics of oral DTX and demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. Keywords: docetaxel, oral delivery, self-assembly, nanoparticles, pharmacokinetics, coptidis rhizoma
Published: 2024

40. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Preterm Birth: Univariate and Multivariate Mendelian Randomization

Author: Han X, Wu TQ, Yao R, Liu C, Chen L, and Feng X
Subjects: mendelian randomization, gastroesophageal reflux disease, preterm birth, causality, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Xinyu Han,1 Tian Qiang Wu,1 Ruiting Yao,1 Chang Liu,1 Lu Chen,2 Xiaoling Feng2 1Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoling Feng, Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University, No. 26, Heping Road, Xiang-Fang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email Doctorfxl@163.comBackground: Observational studies have established a connection between Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and preterm birth (PTB). Nevertheless, these correlations can be affected by residual confounding or reverse causality, resulting in ambiguity regarding the connection. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genetically predicted GERD and PTB.Methods: Initially, we performed bidirectional univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis utilizing publicly accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. The primary analytical approach employed to determine the causal impact between GERD and PTB is the inverse variance weighted technique (IVW). Subsequently, we utilized multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to adjust for potential factors that could influence the results, such as body mass index (BMI), maternal smoking around birth, educational attainment, household income, and Townsend deprivation index (TDI). Furthermore, we performed a sequence of comprehensive sensitivity analyses to assess the reliability of our MR findings.Results: The UVMR analysis results showed a significant correlation between GERD and PTB (odds ratio [OR]: 1.810; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.344– 2.439; P=9.60E-05) in the IVW model, and the Weighted median method (OR=1.591, 95% CI=1.094– 2.315, P=0.015) revealed consistent results. The inverse MR findings suggest no causal link between PTB and the incidence of GERD. In addition, the sensitivity analysis did not detect heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, and the “leave-one-out” examination confirmed that the causal estimation is unlikely to be influenced by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) effect. The MVMR analysis demonstrated that the causal association between GERD and PTB still existed after considering BMI, maternal smoking around birth, educational attainment, household income, and TDI (OR=1.921, 95% CI=1.401– 2.634, P=5.08E-05).Conclusion: This study presents evidence indicating that genetically predicted GERD can heighten the risk of PTB. Therefore, it is advisable to perform focused screening for pregnant women with GERD in order to find the initial signs of PTB and promptly apply intervention strategies to extend the duration of pregnancy.Keywords: Mendelian randomization, gastroesophageal reflux disease, preterm birth, causality
Published: 2024

41. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Candidemia a 8-Year Retrospective Study from a Teaching Hospital in China

Author: Chen L, Xie Z, and Jian J
Subjects: candidemia, epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, mortality, risk factors, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Liang Chen,1,2 Zeqiang Xie,1,2 Jiyong Jian1,2 1Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiyong Jian, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 10, Tie Yi Road, Yang Fang Dian, Beijing, Haidian District, People’s Republic of China, Email jianjiyong3137@bjsjth.cnPurpose: We investigated the Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infection.Methods: The electronic laboratory records data of patients with candidemia (2015– 2022) were collected. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors of candidemia.Results: Of the 134 patients with candidemia, the most prevalent species were Candida albicans (37.2%), followed by Candida glabrata (27.7%), Candida parapsilosis (18.9%), and others. The mean annual incidence was 0.33/1000 admissions. The overall resistance rate of Candida spp. against fluconazole and voriconazole were 4.9% (7/142) and 5.9% (6/101), while Candida tropicalis showed high resistance to fluconazole (38.8%) and voriconazole (27.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 32.8%. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.874, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.146, 13.092; P = 0.029), high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR = 12.384, 95% CI: 2.963, 51.762; P = 0.001), shock (OR = 3.428, 95% CI: 1.097, 10.719; P = 0.034), initial antifungal therapy (OR = 0.057, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.306; P = 0.001) and White blood cells (OR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.255; P = 0.024) were the independent risk factors with mortality within 30 day in patients with candidemia.Conclusion: The incidence rate and the mortality rate of candidemia are high, and lower azole susceptibility was found in Candida tropicalis. Age≥ 65 years, Shock, high APACHE II score, Antifungal therapy and White blood cells count were independently associated with 30-day mortality.Keywords: Candidemia, Epidemiology, Antifungal susceptibility, Mortality, Risk factors
Published: 2024

42. Treatment of Refractory Segmental Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata in a Child with Upadacitinib and NB-UVB: A Case Report

Author: Mu Y, Pan T, and Chen L
Subjects: vitiligo, alopecia areata, jak inhibitor, children, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract: Yuzhu Mu, Ting Pan, Lingling Chen Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lingling Chen, Email chenlingling031@126.comAbstract: Vitiligo and alopecia areata are both autoimmune skin diseases, and the chances of co-occurrence are very low. Conventional treatments often include glucocorticoids, which have many adverse reactions with long-term use and are difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Upadacitinib has been found to be effective in both vitiligo and alopecia areata due to partial overlap in pathogenic pathways. We report the successful treatment of vitiligo combined with alopecia areata in a nine-year-old child with upadacitinib in combination with UVB. The area of vitiligo and alopecia areata decreased significantly, and satisfactory results were obtained. It provides a new idea for the treatment of vitiligo complicated with alopecia areata in children.Keywords: vitiligo, alopecia areata, JAK inhibitor, children
Published: 2024

43. The Pan-Immune Inflammation Value at Admission Predicts Postoperative in-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Author: Yu X, Chen Y, Peng Y, Chen L, and Lin Y
Subjects: acute type a aortic dissection, the pan-immune-inflammation value, inflammation, cardiac surgery, in-hospital mortality, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Xijing Yu,1,&ast; Yaqin Chen,1,&ast; Yanchun Peng,2 Liangwan Chen,3,4 Yanjuan Lin2,3 1School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yanjuan Lin, Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86059186218336, Fax +86059183344034, Email fjxhyjl@163.com Liangwan Chen, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86059186218336, Fax +86059183301393, Email fjxhlwc@163.comPurpose: The inflammatory response of the body is intimately linked to the quick onset and high in-hospital mortality of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (ATAAD). The purpose of the study was to examine the connection between in-hospital mortality in patients with ATAAD upon admission and the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV).Patients and Methods: 308 patients who were diagnosed with ATAAD between September 2018 and October 2021 at Fujian Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Medicine had their clinical data retrospectively examined. PIV was assessed at the time of study population admission, with in-hospital mortality serving as the main outcome measure. Patients were divided into two groups, the high PIV group (PIV > 1807.704) and the low PIV group (PIV < 1807.704), based on the PIV ROC curve and the best threshold of the Youden index. The clinical results of the two groups were then compared.Results: Among ATAAD patients, postoperative in-hospital mortality was higher in the high PIV group (54.7% vs 10.6%, P < 0.001), and the high PIV group had significantly higher rates of postoperative acute kidney injury, acute liver insufficiency, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (P < 0.05). Additionally, the high PIV group’s ICU stays lasted longer than the low PIV group’s (P < 0.05). The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis, which controlled for other variables, indicated that the mechanical ventilation time (OR = 1.860, 95% CI: 1.437, 2.408; P < 0.001), the high PIV group (> 1807.704) (OR = 1.939, 95% CI: 1.257, 2.990; P = 0.003), the cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.004, 1.018; P = 0.002), and the white blood cell count (OR = 1.188, 95% CI: 1.054, 1.340; P = 0.005) were independent risk factors for postoperative in-hospital mortality in ATAAD patients.Conclusion: Postoperative death in ATAAD patients was independently predicted by high PIV levels at admission. Patients should be informed about their preoperative inflammatory status and actively participate in prompt clinical decision-making and treatment.Keywords: Acute Type A Aortic Dissection, the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value, Inflammation, Cardiac surgery, In-hospital mortality
Published: 2024

44. Differences in the Quantitative HRCT Characteristics of Patients with Asthma, COPD and Asthma–COPD Overlap and Their Relationships with Pulmonary Function

Author: Lu D, Yu H, Chen L, Lin J, Chen S, and Huang Y
Subjects: asthma, copd, asthma-copd overlap, quantitative hrct, structure-function relationship., Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Dongzhu Lu,1,&ast; Huapeng Yu,2,&ast; Lichang Chen,3 Jinlan Lin,1 Shijie Chen,1 Yunjian Huang1 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yunjian Huang, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13805099580, Email yunjian13@126.comPurpose: We compared pulmonary function indices and quantitative CT parameters of airway remodeling, air trapping, and emphysema in asthmatic patients and patients with COPD and asthma–COPD overlap (ACO) and explored their relationships with airflow limitation.Patients and Methods: Patients with asthma (n=48), COPD (n=52), and ACO (n=30) and controls (n=54) who completed pulmonary function tests and HRCT scans were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Quantitative CT analysis software was used to assess emphysema (LAA%), airway wall dimensions (wall area (WA), luminal area (LA), and wall area percentage (WA%)), and air trapping ((relative volume change of − 860 HU to − 950 HU (RVC− 860 to-950) and the expiration-to-inspiration ratio of the mean lung density (MLDE/I))). Differences in pulmonary function and HRCT parameters were compared among the groups. Spearman correlation analysis and regression analysis were utilized to explore structure‒function relationships.Results: The LAA% in COPD and ACO patients was significantly greater than that in asthmatic patients and controls. The WA% and WA in COPD and ACO patients were greater than those in controls, whereas the WA% and LA between asthmatic patients and controls reached statistical significance. The RVC− 860 to − 950 levels decreased in the following order: ACO, COPD, and asthma. RVC− 860 to − 950 independently predicted FEV1% in asthmatic patients; LAA% and MLDE/I in COPD patients; and LAA%, WA% and RVC− 860 to − 950 in ACO patients.Conclusion: Comparable emphysema was observed in patients with COPD and ACO but not in asthmatic patients. All patients exhibited proximal airway remodeling. The bronchi were thickened outward in COPD and ACO patients but are thickened inward in asthmatic patients. Furthermore, air trapping in ACO patients was the most severe among all the groups. Indirect lung densitometry measurements might be more predictive of the degree of airflow limitation than direct airway measurements in obstructive airway diseases.Keywords: asthma, COPD, asthma-COPD overlap, quantitative HRCT, structure-function relationship
Published: 2024

45. Construction and Evaluation of BAL-PTX Co-Loaded Lipid Nanosystem for Promoting the Anti-Lung Cancer Efficacy of Paclitaxel and Reducing the Toxicity of Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Author: Chen T, Wei Y, Yin S, Li W, Wang Y, Pi C, Zeng M, Wang X, Chen L, Liu F, Fu S, and Zhao L
Subjects: baicalin derivative, paclitaxel, chemotherapy, lung cancer, lipid nano platform, combination therapy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Tao Chen,1– 3,&ast; Yumeng Wei,1– 3,&ast; Suyu Yin,1– 3,&ast; Wen Li,1– 3 Yuxiang Wang,1– 3 Chao Pi,1– 3 Mingtang Zeng,3,4 Xiaodong Wang,5 Ligang Chen,6 Furong Liu,7 Shaozhi Fu,8 Ling Zhao2,3 1Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 2Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 3Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaozhi Fu, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 830-3165698, Fax +86 830-3165690, Email shaozhifu513@163.com Ling Zhao, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China, Tel +86 830 2681630, Email zhaoling@swmu.edu.cnPurpose: The present study aimed to develop a lipid nanoplatform, denoted as “BAL-PTX-LN”, co-loaded with chiral baicalin derivatives (BAL) and paclitaxel (PTX) to promote the anti-lung cancer efficacy of paclitaxel and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs.Methods: BAL-PTX-LN was optimized through central composite design based on a single-factor experiments. BAL-PTX-LN was evaluated by TEM, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, hemolysis rate, release kinetics and stability. And was evaluated by pharmacokinetics and the antitumor efficacy studied both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo safety profile of the formulation was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results: BAL-PTX-LN exhibited spherical morphology with a particle size of 134.36 ± 3.18 nm, PDI of 0.24 ± 0.02, and with an encapsulation efficiency exceeding 90%, BAL-PTX-LN remained stable after 180 days storage. In vitro release studies revealed a zero-order kinetic model of PTX from the liposomal formulation. No hemolysis was observed in the preparation group. Pharmacokinetic analysis of PTX in the BAL-PTX-LN group revealed an approximately three-fold higher bioavailability and twice longer t1/2 compared to the bulk drug group. Furthermore, the IC50 of BAL-PTX-LN decreased by 2.35 times (13.48 μg/mL vs 31.722 μg/mL) and the apoptosis rate increased by 1.82 times (29.38% vs 16.13%) at 24 h compared to the PTX group. In tumor-bearing nude mice, the BAL-PTX-LN formulation exhibited a two-fold higher tumor inhibition rate compared to the PTX group (62.83% vs 29.95%), accompanied by a ten-fold decrease in Ki67 expression (4.26% vs 45.88%). Interestingly, HE staining revealed no pathological changes in tissues from the BAL-PTX-LN group, whereas tissues from the PTX group exhibited pathological changes and tumor cell infiltration.Conclusion: BAL-PTX-LN improves the therapeutic effect of poorly soluble chemotherapeutic drugs on lung cancer, which is anticipated to emerge as a viable therapeutic agent for lung cancer in clinical applications. Keywords: baicalin derivative, paclitaxel, chemotherapy, lung cancer, lipid nano platform, combination therapy
Published: 2024

46. Bioactive Materials That Promote the Homing of Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Improve Wound Healing

Author: Jiang Z, Chen L, Huang L, Yu S, Lin J, Li M, Gao Y, and Yang L
Subjects: endogenous stem cell homing, in situ tissue regeneration, biomimetic design, wound healing, bioactive materials, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Ziwei Jiang,&ast; Lianglong Chen,&ast; Lei Huang, Shengxiang Yu, Jiabao Lin, Mengyao Li, Yanbin Gao, Lei Yang Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lei Yang, Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-6164-1841, Email yuanyang@smu.edu.cnAbstract: Endogenous stem cell homing refers to the transport of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to damaged tissue. The paradigm of using well-designed biomaterials to induce resident stem cells to home in to the injured site while coordinating their behavior and function to promote tissue regeneration is known as endogenous regenerative medicine (ERM). ERM is a promising new avenue in regenerative therapy research, and it involves the mobilizing of endogenous stem cells for homing as the principal means through which to achieve it. Comprehending how mesenchymal stem cells home in and grasp the influencing factors of mesenchymal stem cell homing is essential for the understanding and design of tissue engineering. This review summarizes the process of MSC homing, the factors influencing the homing process, analyses endogenous stem cell homing studies of interest in the field of skin tissue repair, explores the integration of endogenous homing promotion strategies with cellular therapies and details tissue engineering strategies that can be used to modulate endogenous homing of stem cells. In addition to providing more systematic theories and ideas for improved materials for endogenous tissue repair, this review provides new perspectives to explore the complex process of tissue remodeling to enhance the rational design of biomaterial scaffolds and guide tissue regeneration strategies.Keywords: endogenous stem cell homing, in situ tissue regeneration, biomimetic design, wound healing, bioactive materials
Published: 2024

47. Evaluation of Higher-Order Aberrations After the Smooth Incision Lenticular Keratomileusis (SILKTM) Procedure Using the ELITATM Femtosecond Platform for Correction of Myopic and Astigmatic Refractive Errors

Author: Chen L, Khamar P, Wang Y, Fu H, and Shetty R
Subjects: wavefront aberrations, corneal refractive surgery, laser-assisted lenticule extraction, smooth incision lenticular keratomileusis, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Li Chen,1,&ast; Pooja Khamar,2,&ast; Ying Wang,3 Hong Fu,1 Rohit Shetty2 1Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA; 2Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India; 3Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Li Chen, Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc., 510 Cottonwood Drive, Milpitas, CA, 95035, USA, Tel +1 408 273 4062, Email lchen185@its.jnj.comPurpose: To evaluate the changes of higher-order wavefront aberrations following the Smooth Incision Lenticular Keratomileusis (SILKTM) procedure for correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism, using the ELITATM Femtosecond Platform.Methods: This prospective study included 24 eyes that underwent SILK procedure using one ELITA femtosecond laser system for the correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism. Preoperative and postoperative 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 9-month eye exams were measured with a commercial wavefront aberrometer (iDESIGN® Refractive Studio, Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc). Wavefront aberrations up to the 6th order Zernike coefficients, including coma Z(3, − 1) and Z(3, 1), spherical aberration Z(4, 1), and the wavefront error of all higher-order aberrations (HOAs RMS), were evaluated across a 6 mm pupil.Results: The mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent changed from the preoperative refractions − 3.82 ± 1.26 D (range − 6.00 to − 2.25 D) to the postoperative refractions − 0.20 ± 0.15 D (range − 0.50 to 0.00 D) at the 9-month follow-up. Compared to baseline preoperative HOAs, the mean postoperative HOAs were significantly increased at the 1-day follow-up. On average, at the 9-month postoperative assessment the vertical coma Z(3, − 1) was − 0.054 ± 0.186 μm, horizontal coma Z(3, 1) was 0.016 ± 0.124 μm, spherical aberration Z(4, 0) was 0.046 ± 0.163 μm, and HOAs RMS was 0.363 ± 0.115 μm across a 6 mm pupil. There is no significant difference in the mean HOAs starting at 1-week follow-up for the horizontal coma (P = 0.346) and spherical aberration (P = 0.095).Conclusions: The visual outcomes demonstrated that the SILK procedure for refractive lenticule extraction using ELITA femtosecond laser system is effective and predictable for the correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism. The ELITA femtosecond laser system induced minimal HOAs in surgical eyes following the SILK procedures. These results demonstrate fast corneal recovery starting at 1-week follow-up, and spherical aberration was not induced.Keywords: wavefront aberrations, corneal refractive surgery, laser-assisted lenticule extraction, smooth incision lenticular keratomileusis
Published: 2024

48. The Study of Associated Factors for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Compared to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Author: Zhang W, Liu H, Li T, Jiang Y, Cao X, Chen L, and Zhou L
Subjects: nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, propensity score matching, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Wei Zhang, Haiqing Liu, Tuantuan Li, Ying Jiang, Xiaoyu Cao, Li Chen, Lili Zhou The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang City, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lili Zhou, The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang City, No. 1088, West Yinghe Road, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Email zw2314160@163.comObjective: Investigate the differences in clinical manifestations, imaging features, and associated inflammatory markers between Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), identify potential risk factors for NTM-PD, and establish a logistic regression model to evaluate its diagnostic value.Methods: Baseline data were collected from 145 patients with NTM-PD and 206 patients with PTB. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to achieve a 1:1 match between the two groups, resulting in 103 matched pairs. The differences in comorbidities, imaging features, and inflammatory markers were compared between the two groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent influencing factors, and the diagnostic value of the established model was evaluated.Results: After matching, significant differences were observed between the NTM-PD group and the PTB group in terms of diabetes, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), cystic and columnar changes, lung cavity presentation, and monocyte percentage (MONO%), lymphocyte count (LYMPH&num;), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (P
Published: 2024

49. Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Targeted Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases

Author: Tang L, Zhang W, and Chen L
Subjects: her2, breast cancer, brain metastasis, craniocerebral radiotherapy, her2-targeted drugs, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Lifeng Tang,1,2 Wei Zhang,3 Long Chen2 1Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545006, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Long Chen; Wei Zhang, Email clong6@126.com; holly2yang@126.comBackground: Research on the sequencing of brain radiotherapy and targeted chemotherapy after brain metastasis (BM) in HER2-positive breast cancer patients is limited and inconclusive. This study investigated the efficacy of sequential delivery of radiotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer with BM.Methods: Fifty-seven patients were categorized into two groups: the targeted-radiotherapy group (receiving 2– 8 cycles of anti-HER2-targeted therapy followed by radiotherapy after BM) and the radiotherapy-targeted group (undergoing radiotherapy first, followed by regular anti-HER2-targeted therapy). The study endpoints were intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival. Factors associated with intracranial progression and mortality were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis.Results: Patients in the radiotherapy-targeted group had better iPFS (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (P = 0.145). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that different sequential treatment groups were independent prognostic factors for iPFS. In patients with a modified breast graded prognostic assessment score of 3.5– 4.0, the median survival time was 26 months in the radiotherapy-targeted group and 22 months in the targeted-radiotherapy group (P = 0.019).Conclusion: Overall, radiotherapy followed by targeted therapy may improve survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with BM, particularly in those with a modified breast graded prognostic assessment score of 3.5– 4.0.Keywords: HER2, breast cancer, brain metastasis, craniocerebral radiotherapy, HER2-targeted drugs
Published: 2024

50. Influence of Transverse Abdominis Plane Block on Intraoperative Diaphragmatic and Respiratory Functions in Patients Receiving Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Author: Zhang Y, Guo Y, Gong C, Fu J, and Chen L
Subjects: transversus abdominis plane block, deep muscle relaxation, analgesia, laparoscopic colorectal surgery, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Yi Zhang,&ast; Yiqing Guo,&ast; Chao Gong, Junzuo Fu, Lianhua Chen Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Junzuo Fu; Lianhua Chen, Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-63240090, Email Fujunzuo021@163.com; emily19941010@126.comBackground: The positive roles of deep muscle relaxation in abdominal surgeries and transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in the postoperative analgesia. This study aimed to discuss the effects of TAPB on abdominal muscle relaxation, the intraoperative diaphragmatic, and the respiratory functions.Methods: The patients were randomly divided into the TAPB group who received single-shot TAPB bilaterally (n=30), and the control group who did not receive TAPB (n=30). Both groups keep the same steps for other procedures in the surgeries and anesthesia. Four time points for monitoring were defined: The moment when pneumoperitoneum pressure stabilized following endotracheal intubation and anesthetic induction (T0), appearance of the first incisure in the pressure-volume (P-V) loop (T1), appearance of the second incisure in the P-V loop (T2), and the moment with single stimulation (SS) =20% (T3). Primary observation parameters were SS1 measured by muscle relaxation monitoring at T1, and SS2 at T2. Secondary observation parameters included surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical field and respiratory dynamics at the four time points.Results: The two groups were comparable in age, gender, BMI, ASA grade, and operation time. The TAPB group had a dramatic reduction in the total dose of intraoperative sufentanil (0.73± 0.21 ug/kg) compared with the control group (0.87± 0.18 ug/kg) (P=0.023); Other use of drug did not differ between the two groups. The two groups did not differ significantly in SS at either T1 (SS1) or T2 (SS2). In either group, surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical field at T1 and T2 decreased dramatically compared with T0 and T3 (all P< 0.05). At each time point, the respiratory dynamics and the surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical field did not differ significantly between the two groups.Conclusion: TAPB reduced the use of intraoperative analgesics without altering the degree of abdominal relaxation, or affecting surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical field in the patients receiving laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Keywords: Transversus abdominis plane block, deep muscle relaxation, analgesia, laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Published: 2024

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