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Populist leaders are often described as "strongmen," receiving a somewhat two-dimensional Western press coverage that cannot explain their local popularity. Based on visual and textual analysis of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's Facebook, we argue that he has a more complex social media persona. Orbán's Facebook shows him as (1) a fighter against a variety of enemies, (2) a symbolic condensation of the nation, (3) a relatable politician with (4) a gentleness toward children and animals, and (5) a strong competence in elite political contexts. Orbán uses his charismatic authority on Facebook to draw the boundaries of the Hungarian nation, presenting himself as the iconic representation of "Hungarian-ness." The building blocks of his image are constantly being adapted to the current political situation and to shifts in public opinion. The Orbán image is, thus, a fluid and pragmatic material with only a few core principles and its popularity remains steadfast despite the brand's contradictions. Understanding the appeal of Orbán's self-representation may help us better grasp populist regimes' variation and success worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first transfer of power presents unique challenges to terrorist groups. Four challenges of succession are more manifest the first time a terrorist group undergoes transition: first, a lack of precedent creates greater uncertainty about the group's ability to survive leadership change; second, where the new leader replaces a mythical founder, there is an inevitable negative comparison to the predecessor; third, the successor must prevent infighting and splintering that results when the glue that held the group together is lost; and fourth, a first successor often has to shift the source of organizational authority from charismatic leadership to a rational-bureaucratic model. This article argues that the shadow of the departing leader and his actions in preparation for power transition affect the magnitude of the challenges his successor faces. Three case studies—al-Qaeda, the Peruvian Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path), and the Abu Nidal organization—demonstrate both first succession challenges and the role of founders in shaping these challenges' magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Educational Academic Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose that what seems to be uniquely common to individuals perceived as leaders is that they all either meaningfully challenge the status quo or meaningfully resist challenge to the status quo over a sustained period of time. While we note that a relationship between leadership and challenge to the status quo has been alluded to in the literature, especially regarding (but not restricted to) charismatic leadership, a deeper theoretical development has been missing, particularly addressing the context of the social setting in which challenge may occur as opposed to a leader-centric view. Moreover, we observe that a commensurate connection between resistance to challenge and leadership is relatively unobserved and unexplored. We develop our argument drawing on Lewin's field theory and propose a theoretical explanation of how leadership emerges in the perception of others consequent to the sustained invocation and interaction of situational social forces, specifically meaningful challenge, or resistance to challenge, of the status quo. The theory lends itself to empirical study. MAD statement While the field of change management recognizes the connection between Lewin's field theory, the process of change and his classic experiments on leadership, it has missed field theory's connection to the perception of leadership acts and, more specifically, how leadership emerges in the perception of others. We draw on Lewin's theory to explore the process of leadership emergence. We focus on forces that challenge (and thus attempt to change) the status quo, as well as those that resist challenge (and thus resist change) to the status quo. Our paper makes a difference in extending leadership theory and practice by providing a more robust understanding of the challenge concept and its relationship to perception of leadership, with a detailed discussion about how challenging the status quo works in its social context. We also shed new light on resistance to challenge as a dimension of leadership, wherein leaders oppose change and strive to preserve the status quo. In particular, we explore the missing connection between Lewin's field theory and leadership emergence. Moreover, we show how Lewin's field approach can be used to empirically study the forces at work in leadership emergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to briefly reconstruct Robert Michels's account of the issue of political leadership as it developed in the last phase of his work, between the mid-1920s and the mid-1930s. By focusing on a series of more-or-less neglected writings (from Sozialismus und Fascismus to Studi sulla democrazia e sull'autorità, passing through the Corso di sociologia politica and Italien von heute), I will show how his "new theory of the élite" develops and how it is connected to the so-called "charismatic direction of public affairs" that is Michels's late reflection on the role and the nature of the political leader. In doing this, I will highlight the triple root of his conception of charismatic leadership (in short: the Weberian theoretical framework; the psychological aspect of hero-worship; fascist ideology) as well as the essential combination of history and theory that characterises his thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine best-fit model on teacher engagement as influenced by ethical climate, charismatic leadership of school heads and teachers’ sense of self-efficacy in public elementary schools in Region XI, Philippines. It was conducted from August to December 2022. The study used quantitative, non-experimental correlational research using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The 400 teachers among public elementary schools were determined using the stratified sampling procedure. Mean, Pearson r, and SEM were used as statistical tools. Moreover, adapted survey questionnaires used were modified to contextualize to the local setting. The results showed that the levels of ethical climate and charismatic leadership of school heads, and teacher engagement were very high while the teachers’ sense of self-efficacy was high. Further, when each exogenous variable was correlated with teacher engagement, results showed that the ethical climate, charismatic leadership of school heads and teachers’ sense of self-efficacy were significantly correlated with teacher engagement. Model 3 came out as the best-fit model on teacher engagement. Further, results showed that the best fit model was model 3 showing the direct causal relationships of ethical climate, charismatic leadership of school heads and teacher’s sense of self efficacy on teacher engagement. Furthermore, structure modifications revealed that teacher engagement was defined by its retained indicators, namely: vigor, and absorption. On the other hand, ethical climate was described by its domains: laws and rules, efficiency and independence. Charismatic leadership was determined by its retained indicators, namely: strategic vision and articulation, sensitivity to member needs and personal risk. Finally, teachers’ sense of self-efficacy was measured by its domains: efficacy in student engagement and efficacy in instructional strategies. This implies that schools may focus on improving teacher engagement by setting school ethical norms and expectations with improved teachers’ efficacy coupled with enhanced charismatic leadership behavior of school heads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "The Crisis of Authority" analyzes the relationship between authority and citizenship in political systems, highlighting the decline of obedience and the spread of popular protest as a reflection of a critical citizenship. It presents the book "The Crisis of Authority" by Natalia Velilla, which addresses the crisis of authority from an updated and original perspective, proposing the concept of "celebritas" as a new form of authority based on charismatic figures and populist leaders. The crisis of authority is analyzed from three interrelated areas: education, political institutions, and the search for an alternative form of authority. The author reflects on the weakening and erosion of democracy and advocates for education in freedom of criticism as a way to protect the democratic system. [Extracted from the article]

Improvisation ability has become an important competency for employees to adapt to dynamic, volatile work environments. However, the effect of charismatic leadership style on the improvisation ability of employees is yet to be revealed. We used self-determination theory and conservation of resources theory to explore the effect of charismatic leadership on employees' improvisation ability, with job insecurity as a moderator and harmonious passion as a mediator. Our goal was to enrich research on leadership styles shaping employee behavior and employee competencies. We collected 267 valid questionnaires through the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform, and conducted model testing using SPSS 25.0. Results of empirical analysis showed that charismatic leadership positively affected employees' improvisation ability. Employees' harmonious work passion mediated the effect of charismatic leadership on employees' improvisation abilities, and job insecurity played a moderating role in enhancing the positive effect of charismatic leadership on employees' improvisation ability. We discuss the practical implications for how organizations can improve employees' improvisation ability in a dynamic and changing internal and external environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational behavior as a mediator in the relationship between charismatic leadership, motivation, and teamworks towards sustainable work development. Conducted using a quantitative approach at the South Sulawesi Provincial Government, the study utilized primary and secondary data sources through observation, questionnaires and documentation. The sample comprised 386 respondents selected using the Slovin formula from a population of 11,067 employees. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of the variables and mediator variables. The study found that charismatic leadership, motivation, and teamwork variables have direct and indirect effects on organizational behavior and sustainable work development. Organizational behavior mediates the relationship between charismatic leadership and motivation, which significantly predict sustainable work development. However, organizational behavior does not significantly mediate the relationship between teamworks and sustainable work development due to employee focus on teamworks. The dominant variable that influences organizational behavior and sustainable work development is charismatic leadership. The study emphasizes the importance of government organizations having charismatic leadership with strong motivation in teamworks to ensure sustainable work development. Overall, this study provides insights into the relationship between leadership, motivation, organizational behavior, and teamworks in achieving sustainable work development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to review the role that emotions play in populism, specifically ressentiment, and how it is strategically used on social media platforms to create polarization. Firstly, I define the two of the main characteristics that populism has had over time: the agonistic struggle between a people and an elite, and charismatic leadership. Secondly, I examine the significance of resentment as a political emotion and how it operates in extreme right-wing populism. Thirdly, I review how resentment has been applied in the context of social media and how these platforms offer the most effective means to generate social mobilization based on emotions through storytelling, which can anticipate the reactions of the public or users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is grounded in Weber's perspective on three societal authority types (traditional authority, rational-legal authority, and charismatic authority) and analyses social control within the K'ho and Mnông communities in the South-Central Highlands of Vietnam according to these types of authority. By collecting data through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires, the article provides a comprehensive review of the three types of authority involved in the community management and control of the K'ho and Mnông in this region. The findings reveal that, depending on the historical period, a particular type of authority tends to rise to prominence, exerting significant influence over the community. Another type may occupy an intermediate position, while the remaining type gradually loses its sway, becoming more of a traditional symbol rather than playing an active role in managing the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To aim of the study was to examine the effect of leadership on organizational learning and knowledge management in India. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that charismatic leaders significantly enhance employee motivation and commitment by inspiring a shared vision and fostering a strong organizational culture. Employees under charismatic leadership exhibit higher levels of enthusiasm, dedication, and alignment with organizational goals, leading to increased productivity and job satisfaction. This leadership style promotes open communication and trust, empowering employees to take initiative and contribute more effectively to the organization. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, charismatic leadership theory & self-determination theory may be used to anchor future studies on Influence of Charismatic Leadership on Employee Engagement in South Korea. Organizations should invest in training programs that develop charismatic leadership skills among their managers. Training should focus on enhancing communication, vision articulation, and motivational techniques to foster a supportive and engaging work environment. Organizations should incorporate charismatic leadership principles into their human resource policies, including recruitment, performance evaluation, and career development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon Stanley J. Tambiah's idea of "world conquerors" and "world renouncers," this article examines the Burmese political festival (nainganyei pwe) as a ritual, affective, and material space where former political prisoners reinterpret violence and engage in forms of collective and personal "world‐making." The article focuses on one practice in particular: the ritual wearing of white shirts by the 88 Generation. It is argued that there are psychological benefits to donning this symbolic attire. Like sacred amulets described by Tambiah, the white shirt provides ontological security to former political prisoners. For leaders (gaungzaungs) in the movement, the white shirts are integral to how they create and embody power, becoming conduits of charismatic authority. Within the context of the nainganyei pwe and when combined with other "technologies of the self," the white shirts create a feeling of inviolability and allow survivors of political violence to reassert personal and collective agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates a neglected aspect of charismatic authority: the problem of economic practices of charismatic leaders and their communities. Drawing on Weber's classical theory of charisma, I argue that charismatic communities and their ideologies economically operate on principles of gift and bounty. I demonstrate the value of this analysis on a contemporary case of Elon Musk's charisma and his involvement with the Dogecoin cryptocurrency through Twitter. Through analysis of Musk's performances and his admirers' online activity, I argue that to those who believed in Musk, his involvement constituted either a gift to the community or a bounty-hunter-like feat that further enhanced his charismatic authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on Franklin Roosevelt's influence on the Democratic Party. It brings to light the significant, but underexamined "Third New Deal," the controversial program Roosevelt pursued during his second and third terms. Shortly after his landslide 1936 re‐election, Roosevelt pursued three polarizing initiatives: the Court‐Packing Plan, the 1937 executive reorganization bill, and the 1938 "purge" campaign. These measures, while far from completely successful, began an important transformation that replaced the decentralized, patronage‐based party system, which had dominated the 19th century and remained regnant through the first three decades of the 20th century, with an executive‐centered partisanship, which subordinated parties to the ambitions of the White House. Roosevelt's assault on existing partisan practices—most notably, the unprecedented "purge" campaign—imposed his personal brand on the Democratic Party. More broadly, his profound influence on the Democratic Party led to what Max Weber called the "routinization of charisma," whereby the disruptive leadership of a charismatic leader is displaced by a "mechanism of rules" that transcend "personal authority." The deinstitutionalization of the Democratic Party was part of a broader objective to build an executive‐centered administrative state that Roosevelt and his political allies considered a more effective means to pursue their partisan objectives. Ronald Reagan's presidency signaled that Republicans, no less than Democrats, embraced executive‐centered partisanship. Eventually, as became all too clear during the presidency of Donald Trump, the fusion of executive prerogative and partisanship resulted in a "personal president," as Theodore Lowi termed it, and a plebiscitary politics that denigrated political parties as collective organizations and threatened to turn political parties into cults of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, there are certain tendencies in a significant number of regimes today that indicate a shift away from liberal democracy, the rule of law, equality, and justice. This threatens international human rights, advancing towards totalitarianism. The technologies available to totalitarian regimes today for control, intimidation, indoctrination, and mass manipulation are far more advanced than their earlier counterparts. It is typically led by a charismatic dictator and a single political party that uses powerful narratives of blame, hate speech, instilling fear, and scapegoating to seise or maintain power at any cost. That being so, amid contemporary global shifts to totalitarianism, human rights abuses persist worldwide despite the ratification of so many international treaties. This piece engages in critically analysing the situation faced by the targeted group of citizens who live under the rules of resurgent totalitarian states. The study further examines the reasons why certain countries and communities get along well with their counterparts while others appear to be breeding grounds, what role governments, politicians, and leaders play in the development and support of group divisions and ideologies of social difference, and how these ideologies lead to the creation of a destructive culture and infrastructure on the path to large-scale bloodshed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the construction and maintenance of Chinese Han Buddhist temples in modern China against the backdrop of societal transformation. Initially, it analyzes the profound impact of social changes since the mid-19th century on Buddhist monasteries, including political turmoil, economic development, and urbanization. Furthermore, the paper explores how temples were reconstructed and revitalized within this historical context, highlighting the monastic community's unwavering commitment to protecting the Dharma and ensuring its enduring presence. Additionally, this paper also explores the role of charismatic monks in enhancing the sanctity of temples and the influence of Buddhist institutional frameworks on the dynamics of state and society. The study employs a multifaceted analysis to understand the complex interplay between temple construction, economic development, and the cultural heritage of Buddhism in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historically, scholars examining charisma within the context of leadership have provided an ambiguous definition of charisma pertaining to a leader's ability to influence followers around collective goals. Charisma can become quite convoluted and ambiguous within the context of leadership. One reason for the ambiguity is no unified conceptualization of charisma exists. Herein is an examination of charisma considering its historical footings and its underpinnings related to people's propensity to be emotionally influenced and aroused to gain a deeper understanding of charismatic leadership. Overall, the purpose of the article was to systematically review, organize, and present a body of literature exploring charismatic leadership. The following research questions guided the systematic literature review: What is charisma within the context of leadership, and how is it measured? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Former United States President Ronald Reagan's use of media and his charismatic connection with viewers earned him the moniker "the great communicator". One aspect of his charisma, the influence of elicited laughter, during a highly critical 5-minute news story by CBS reporter Leslie Stahl during the 1984 US presidential election is examined here. Two experiments examining the effects of audience laughter on perceptions of charismatic leadership are reported. In the first experiment the effects of audience laughter in response to Reagan's comments were investigated. Here, Reagan's perceived warmth as an effective leader significantly diminished when strong laughter is removed, whereas perceptions of competence remained unaffected. The second study carried out on an older cohort replicated and extended the first in a pre-registered design by considering the perception of trait charisma. Here, the presence or absence of audience laughter did not affect judgements of charisma. Additionally, the affective response before, and then after, the presentation of the news story was measured. Emotions associated with a positive appraisal all decreased after being shown the news story while emotions associated negative appraisal all increased. However, only participant anger was significantly increased when audience laughter was removed. Taken together the findings of both studies converge on the fact that subtle changes in media presentation of political leaders can have a significant effect on viewers. The findings show that even after 40 years in office the social psychological effects of presidential charisma can still influence observers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many modern programmes of preparation of young people for confirmation are based on theological models which are correct in theory but ineffective in practice. They often assume that young people come to know the Holy Spirit through catechesis based on Scripture. This article demonstrates that a much better way of preparing young people for confirmation can be found in the genuine letters of Paul the Apostle. He showed that the presence of the Holy Spirit in a human person is not merely a matter of belief, but it can also be experienced in a reliable way, which is not limited to charismatic phenomena. This way is based on the discovery of a number of virtues in young people's hearts, which are quite unexpected in the context of their human egoism, laziness, etc. For this reason, they must be regarded as the fruit of the Spirit, who broadens human hearts to love and to serve the poor. In this way, young people may also discover Christ - as the one who humbled himself to serve not his social status but people in need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the charismatic leadership of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi, analysing their influence on South Asian political history. The primary objective is to compare their leadership qualities and their impact on their respective political movements. Background information highlights the importance of Max Weber's theory of charisma in understanding their influence. The methodology involves historical and analytical methods, utilizing primary sources like speeches and secondary sources such as books and academic articles. Results indicate Jinnah's strategic political acumen and communication skills were crucial in creating Pakistan, contrasting with Gandhi's moral authority and nonviolent approach that faced challenges in achieving political unity. The study underscores the distinct nature of their charisma and its significant impact on South Asian political history. Recommendations suggest further comparative analyses of political leaders to understand the role of charismatic leadership in historical movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring" by Asef Bayat is a book that delves into the Arab Spring and its intricate blend of revolutions and reforms. The book explores the absence of strong leadership and intellectual vision within the popular movements, which opted for reforming existing state institutions rather than establishing a new social system. Focusing on Tunisia and Egypt, the book analyzes the dynamics, contradictions, and promises of the Arab Spring. It also examines the decline of opposition ideologies and the rise of neoliberalism in the Arab world. The text critically examines the flaws and contradictions of the Arab revolutions, particularly in relation to the desire for change and the outcomes of reform. It sheds light on the impact of neoliberal restructuring on Arab cities, leading to conflicts between marginalized groups and authorities. The study also considers the role of external factors, such as geopolitical interests and foreign intervention, in shaping the revolutions. Ultimately, the book concludes that the process of change is ongoing and intricate, and that true transformation necessitates a reimagining of power and a commitment to equality and inclusive democracy. [Extracted from the article]

This study unpacks how leader humility and charisma are related to leader effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader and examines how the need for leadership may moderate these relationships. We used data from 252 respondents from Russian companies in a 2 (high vs. low leader charisma) × 2 (high vs. low leader humility) vignette design in which levels of charisma and humility were manipulated. While leader humility was found to have a positive effect on satisfaction with a leader, no significant link between leader humility and leader effectiveness was observed in this study. Leader charisma was positively related to leader effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader. The interaction between leader charisma and leader humility in relation to leadership outcomes was found to be positive and significant. The need for leadership did not affect the relations between leader charisma and leader humility on the one hand and outcome variables on the other hand. However, the need for leadership did show strong positive relations with both leader effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader. The study's findings suggest that leader humility increases prosocial orientation and cooperation between the leaders and followers leading to higher satisfaction with the leaders. Leader charisma may motivate the subordinate more, resulting in greater (perceived) effectiveness of the leader and increasing satisfaction with the leader. Leader charisma and humility can interact, reinforcing higher leadership outcomes. Though results are based on a single cultural context, investigating the interaction between leader charisma and leader humility with leadership outcomes offers implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do CEOs, entrepreneurs, managers, celebrity bloggers, and other brand leaders acquire charismatic authority in the marketplace? Grounded in a multi-perspective, in-depth case study of the charismatic CEO of an Austrian shoe manufacturer, this article introduces a sociocultural mechanism called charismatic entrainment. Charismatic entrainment involves brand leaders staging charismatic authority by promoting polarized worldviews and taking personal risks to demonstrate their ability to lead social change. It further involves consumer-followers publicly validating and consumer-critics challenging brand leaders' claims to charismatic authority, encouraging further entrainment via their support, but also their criticism. Brand leaders, consumer-followers, and consumer-critics draw on social media , marketplace sentiments , and brand manifestations as entrainment resources to more effectively endow brand leaders with charismatic authority in the marketplace. The article contributes a market-based, multi-stakeholder—versus an organizational, leader-centric—theory of charisma co-creation to the literature on charismatic authority. It also adds to theories of iconic branding, risk consumption, and societal morality plays, sensitizing readers to the constructive but also destructive potential of market-based charisma co-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film-induced tourism is considered a valuable marketing tool, especially crucial for the recovery of post-pandemic tourism. The rapid growth of digital streaming platforms has enabled film and television works to reach global audiences and impact viewers on a broader scale. Scholars and tourism operators increasingly recognise film characters' pivotal role in global film-induced tourism. While film-induced tourism is generally believed to impact the image of tourist destinations positively, existing research has predominantly focused on the decent characters portrayed in films. However, the allure of captivating audiences is not confined solely to decent characters. According to narrative studies in film and television, villainous characters with extraordinary skills often have a stronger appeal to viewers than decent ones. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore a rarely discussed topic: how villainous characters enhance the attractiveness of tourist destinations. This interdisciplinary research principally integrates character arc theory and reception aesthetics from film studies, emotion contagion theory from marketing research, and place attachment theory from tourism studies. Accordingly, this study examines the perceived charismatic leadership of villainous characters and its impact on film tourists' emotion contagion, place attachment and visit intention. The study distributed questionnaires to 532 audiences who watched the Chinese police and crime drama titled, The Knockdown (狂飙), and who acquainted themselves with the villainous character Gao Qiqiang (高启强). Structured equation modelling showed that villainous characters with charismatic leadership can significantly impact the intention of film tourists. Specifically, perceived charismatic leadership directly influenced emotions of pleasure, arousal and admiration. Place attachment existed as a whole or partial mediator of the three emotions and visit intention. Moreover, the audience's justice sensitivity negatively moderated the positive relationship between perceived charismatic leadership and emotions. Finally, the study provides insights and suggestions for film tourism marketers and screenwriters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the pun intended, this article asks whether, in overwhelmingly secular societies, the four Nordic religious-niche parties created by revivalist Christians before and after the Second World War, and whose strength has been in their countries' Bible Belt regions, have a future as broad-based, religious-mainstream parties or are destined to 'wither on the vine'? If, as the parties' literature suggests, niche-party 'nicheness' is variable, can the 'pure type' of religious-niche party modify its nicheness and, if so, how, and with what result? The argument made is that i) the Nordic Christian parties have sought to expand beyond their revivalist core by 'importing' continental Christian Democracy as an 'unsecular politics' strategy and ii) that whilst, outside Denmark, support for the Nordic Christians is no longer a proxy for religiosity, and charismatic leadership has enabled the Christian parties intermittently to attract a wider body of 'unsecular voters', they have struggled to retain them in face of competition from a populist radical right playing the 'Christian heritage' card. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the dynamic relationship between the spiritual community of Damanhur and its founder, Oberto Airaudi. Scholars consider Airaudi to be an example of Weberian charismatic leadership that was sui generis; the community, however, experienced an early routinisation, which granted it longevity and stability. Doctrinal and social evolution instead suggests a change in this charismatic relationship over the years, which occurred in four phases. His charisma passed from the ability to perform occult practices (occultist), to ideate a syncretic cosmology centred on Damanhur (religious), eventually allowing him to become an "inspirer from the outside" (inspirational). The last phase explains the survival and partial routinisation of the charisma after his death (post mortem). The study primarily relies on the analysis of Damanhurian writings, with a particular focus on the initial ten years. It also incorporates qualitative data from fieldwork and ethnographic material available in the scientific literature. The analysis suggests that Damanhur did not start as a charismatic community but as a social experiment. The development of Airaudi's charisma, via a syncretic mythology based on a religious concept of memory, absorbed Damanhur's social dimension, shaping it according to a collective spiritual endeavour aimed at reconnecting human beings with their divine inner nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether charismatic leadership strategies can be successfully implemented within structures, systems and tasks for social workers to increase case management successes, particularly client well-being, given that the six key charismatic leadership traits align with presented professionally bound ethical expectations. Design/methodology/approach: A short generic qualitative review was done over fifteen publications, emphasizing the effects of charismatic leadership in domestic and foreign occupational domains. Findings: Methodological, thematic and theoretical analyses show that charismatic leadership strategies are active in relevant social work domains with positive participant impacts. Practical implications: The paper is intended to primarily investigate whether charismatic leadership is present in social work domains, and does not consider other leadership modalities. Originality/value: High-quality reviews from the presented methodological investigations suggest that charismatic leadership is an effective leadership modality that should be considered into client-involved structures and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1967, street minister Kent Philpott began outreach to lesbian, gay, and bisexual hippies in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco. Over the next decade, he counseled those who purportedly wanted out of what he referred to as "the gay lifestyle," combining charismatic religious beliefs in demons, divine healing, and glossolalia with psychological theories on gender and child development. This article examines Philpott's efforts to provide the nascent "ex-gay movement" with cultural, social, and intellectual foundations. This article specifically documents how sexual liberation, hippie culture, and conservative religion converged in San Francisco and spawned the "ex-gay movement." Philpott, swept up by the Jesus People Movement, incorporated religious and psychological beliefs prominent in the Bay Area and infused charismatic Christian influences and traditional understandings of masculinity and femininity into the "ex-gay movement." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her response to Santiago Anria, Caitlin Andrews-Lee addresses the questions raised about the interaction between charismatic ties and programmatic and organizational forces in political movements. It is highlighted that different segments within a movement can maintain different types of ties, such as charismatic, programmatic, or organizational ties. Furthermore, the importance of charismatic ties in the survival of political movements is discussed, and the difficulty of developing charismatic and programmatic ties simultaneously is analyzed. The effect of long-lasting charismatic movements on the political opportunities of their opponents is also mentioned. The work raises interesting questions about charismatic movements and their consequences, enriching the author's thinking and suggesting new avenues for future research projects related to the interaction of organizational and charismatic forces. [Extracted from the article]

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán recently joined Twitter, marking a shift in his communication strategy towards a global audience. Orbán has been a key figure in Hungarian politics for over three decades and has consolidated his power through his charismatic leadership. He is seen as a political icon in the global populist network, despite not fitting the typical image of a celebrity politician. Orbán's image is rooted in his messaging of cultural and ethnic homogeneity, anti-immigration, and a mythological understanding of Hungarian history. His self-presentation on Facebook and Instagram differs from his global image, focusing more on building a community and presenting himself as a caring and gentle character. Orbán's complex self-presentation on social media highlights the challenges of maintaining multiple public identities. Understanding the enduring allure of populist celebrity leaders requires a nuanced analysis of their local context and the social values they represent. [Extracted from the article]

When applied to Pentecostalism in Zimbabwe, the concept of cultural hybridity provides a framework for understanding how global religious movements can adapt to and incorporate local cultural elements. This process results in a unique form of religious expression characterised by convergence and syncretism, reflecting cultural and religious identity's dynamic and fluid nature. This hybridity in religious practice is a testament to the ongoing, interactive cultural exchange and adaptation process. This article delves into the intricate cultural hybridity, convergence, glocalisation and syncretic tendencies within the characteristic features of New Religious Movements (NRMs) in Harare, Zimbabwe, illuminating their multifaceted role in addressing spiritual and material needs. Through a comprehensive exploration of selected NRMs that emerged from the Catholic Church in Zimbabwe, including Prophetic Healing and Deliverance Ministries and Grace Oasis Ministries, this article unravels the central role of prophets and pastors in shaping the fundamental ethos of these religious entities. A striking and thought-provoking parallel emerges between the hallmark features of these NRMs and the tenets of African Traditional Religion and many other religious traditions. This parallel extends to practices such as exorcism, worship, healing, and deliverance, thus manifesting a profound form of religious expression informed by cultural hybridity, convergence, syncretism, and glocalisation. While there are ambiguities around scholarly debates on the definition of these terms, the article delves deep into the intricate religious elements embedded within the NRMs' characteristic features, such as hymns, modes of worship, healing rituals, and deliverance ceremonies. These elements are tangible manifestations of their unique position at the crossroads of diverse belief systems. The cultural hybridity, convergence, syncretism, and glocalisation tendencies within NRMs offer gateways to invaluable networks, fostering social cohesion and the sharing of critical information. Consequently, these characteristics have become instrumental in the holistic development of individuals and communities within the vibrant religious landscape of Harare. Thus, this article provides profound insights into the nuanced dynamics of NRMs in Zimbabwe, shedding light on their various dimensions. It contributes substantially to our comprehension of the intricate interplay between spirituality, material prosperity, and the rich tapestry of religious traditions in Harare and the broader context of religious studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, entering into the debate on the influence of cultural factors on social action, highlights how a charismatic inspiration, as part of religious culture, could represent a relevant element in social phenomena. In particular, this article proposes an analysis of the role of a specific charismatic inspiration, in relation to the spirituality of the Focolare Movement (FM), in the interreligious field thanks to the "embeddedness" of the social action of its members of different religions in a specific charismatic culture. The analysis aims to understand whether and how this mechanism works by observing a specific Catholic–Muslim phenomenon developed in Algeria since 1966, using an interdisciplinary perspective between sociology and history and the case-study strategy, discovering that what we define as "charismatic embeddedness" could work as a "starting mechanism" generating "interreligious relational goods". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The fans in Cincinnati are in an uproar. They have just witnessed another disappointing football season, the 23rd since Mike Brown became the owner of the team. Mike Brown's tenure has been marked by historically poor performance with eight and nine straight game losing streaks to begin the season on multiple occasions. To make matters worse, this was the same number of seasons that his father and Hall of Famer, Paul Brown, owned the team. Where Paul Brown's tenure had been marked by record ascendence to the playoffs and two Super Bowl trips, his son's tenure was notable primarily for seasonal failure. In the minds of the fans and press, the two eras of ownership could not be more starkly different. Both are now calling for wholesale changes to the leadership or the sale of the team. Students should examine these claims and both eras of ownership using transformational and charismatic leadership theories, Collins' Genius with a Thousand Helpers leadership model, and family-owned business succession perspectives. Do the fans and press have a right to be angry and demand a change in leadership? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diplomacy is one of the most effective tools to achieve a country's foreign policy goals and needs. The influence and role of diplomats in diplomacy, which is the art of conducting foreign policy with its peaceful content, is of considerable importance. The Island of Cyprus has had a very important place in Turkey's foreign policy, especially since the 1950s. In the face of internal and external developments on the island, Turkish diplomacy has tried to effectively achieve the goals set by Turkey. Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, who was Turkey's Minister of Foreign Affairs at that time, was institutionally and individually influential in shaping the present and most importantly the future of Cyprus. In the study, the role and importance of Fatin Rüştü Zorlu in Turkey's Cyprus policy is discussed. In this context, Margeret Hermann's leadership prototypes analyzes were used. Among these analyses, charismatic and strategic leadership analysis was evaluated through Fatin Rüştü Zorlu's influence on Cyprus policy. Memoirs of people who worked closely with Zorlu constituted an important source in the study. In this context, it has been evaluated with an interpretive and analytical method that Zorlu is one of the most important determinants of Turkey's Cyprus policy, both institutionally and individually, in terms of its processes and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a theoretical model for distinguishing between mere popularity and personality cults as there currently is an inflated use of the personality cult concept, especially in news media, attaching it to significantly different phenomena. The model is based on Weber's concept of charismatic authority and consists of three parameters, widespread symbolic elevation, resilience and religious parallels, covering a representational and social practice dimension. Both dimensions are needed to constitute a personality cult. Trump, Putin and Ardern are used as examples of the model's ability to distinguish between cult and non-cult phenomena. The comparison shows that only Trump and Putin have a cult on both dimensions. Mere popular politicians like Ardern are more comparable to celebrities as these do not have the same authority and power over the followers as leaders with a personality cult – despite potentially showing some cultlike tendencies on the representational dimension. Popular politicians are thus especially characterised by lacking the key social practice aspect of personality cults. As they might still exhibit some cultlike characteristics, the different phenomena are best perceived as being on a continuum ranging from mere admiration or popularity to a personality cult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charisma, the captivating attribute that endows an individual with the power to inspire and influence others, is frequently associated with possessing an attractive personality, effective communication skills, and the capacity to draw people in and lead them. The concept of the trickle-down effect in leadership theory suggests that the characteristics of a leader's style including perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors, have the potential to be "contagious" and spread to their followers. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether and when a leader's charisma may be transferred to followers, as charisma is predominantly a trait associated with the leader. Integrating insights from the social learning, emotional contagion, and self-concept theories, we propose that charisma can cascade downward from the leader to followers and that this effect is contingent on the individual follower's level of self-monitoring. Measuring a sample of 127 followers and 15 leaders in a large organization at two time points, we found that throughout time the leader's charisma indeed cascaded down to followers, i.e., followers of a charismatic leader were perceived as more charismatic throughout time. However, this effect was prominent only for low-monitoring followers. Novel insights into the flow-down effect of charisma, avenues for future research, and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Top civil society organisations (CSOs) face a particular legitimacy dilemma as they need to have leaders who are seen as legitimate by the elite groups they interact with, and by those they represent. This article investigates how they handle this dilemma by studying legitimation practices of newly appointed leaders. Based on Weber's theory of authority and Pitkin's theory of representation, the article investigates 114 public announcements of governance leaders in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the EU. The article finds a common model of civil society elite legitimation beyond national differences. The observed model draws on two types of claims: promoting leaders as excellent and astounding professional leaders (charismatic authority) and as able spokespersons (substantive representation). Major European CSOs hence legitimate their leaders as being 'on par with' other top leaders, as an elite among other elite groups, similar to trends of personalisation in politics and business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the role of digital technologies in increasing the popularity of K-pop, little is known about how K-pop entertainment companies digitally transform their business models and the driving forces that shape this transformation. In this study, we present an in-depth case study of a pioneering K-pop entertainment company, SM Entertainment, whose founder's charismatic leadership and organizational capabilities contribute to the digital transformation of its business model through market-pioneering strategies and strategic learning derived from continuous interactions with changing business environments. This transition to the digital business model ultimately leads to sustainable competitive advantages in the marketplace. The important theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we attempt to reconstruct the tacit and implicit notions of quality in the humanities. This reconstruction is based on a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 33 humanities scholars. Applying Max Weber's theory of authority, we argue the quality notions have two different sources—external and internal. External sources correspond to the Weber's types of authority: traditional authorities (academic tradition, professors, PhD advisors), rational-legal authorities (research administrators, policy makers) and charismatic authorities ('the great minds', 'the founding fathers' in a given academic field). Internal sources providing the quality notion do not fit into Weberian classification. These sources are based on the personal experience of a humanities researcher's evaluation practices, which cannot be reduced to either type of authority above. Combining the interview data and Max Weber's theory of authority, we try to demonstrate the existence of four different and sometimes incompatible notions of quality in the humanities: administrative; individual; semi-administrative, semi-individual; moderate individual. These notions are interpreted as ideal types, which serve as a regulative ideas rather than objective representations of research evaluation reality. The manuscript is important to Research Evaluation for the following reasons: first, it reconstructs the different types of notions of quality, which are crucial in better understanding peer review and other qualitative research evaluation practices; second, it provides better understanding of individual evaluator's premises; third, it provides opportunity to have a glimpse beyond dominant administrative quality notions and criteria as usually the perspectives of the humanities researchers are neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a research on "Charismatic Leadership and the Success Towards Social Work Operation: A Case Study of Phra Phisarn Prachathorn Vi (Phob Chokh Tissawongso), Wat Huay Pla Kang, Chiang Rai Province" showed that: 1) Wat (temple) Huay Pla Kang is a private monastery under the Maha Nikaya Sangha located in Rim Kok sub-district, Mueang Chiang Rai district, Chiang Rai province with approximately 15 rai in total area having Phra Acharn Phob Chokh as the first abbot of the temple. He has begun his social work about 8 years ago when the villagers brought two orphans under his patronage. 2) The vision and missions performed by Phra Phisarn Prachathorn Vi. regarding the social work operations included: a vision; maintenance of Buddhism, creation of prosperous monastery, continuous cooperation with the community, and helping every walk of life, while the missions are: nothing is much more important than helping people, to be excellent in giving and sharing, and to become a great sacrifice. 3) The characteristics of a charismatic leadership of Phra Phisarn Prachathorn Vi. are:(1)vision, (2)confidence, (3)inspiration, (4) communication, (5) risk taking, and (6) morality and ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Established in 1930, the Nation of Islam (NOI) offered uplift to the wellbeing of Black Americans. Its charismatic leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, articulated how membership in the NOI would improve the well-being of Black Americans. We consider the impact of NOI membership on several measures of individual well-being. Using data from the first wave of the National Survey of Black Americans, we appeal to the Rubin Causal Framework to estimate the treatment effect of being a member of the NOI on certain outcomes: e.g., overall socioeconomic status, self-employment, self-esteem, and health status. To enable causal interpretation, we estimate the treatment parameters by matching on observable covariates that are not affected by the treatment. Treatment parameter estimates suggest that, at least in the late 1970s, had the NOI been able to expand its membership, new adherents would have benefited from enhanced Black identity, a higher likelihood of not having common health problems, and a lower likelihood of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and incarceration. Our findings suggest that the NOI could have had a substantial impact on the individual well-being of Black Americans if it were larger, and that NOI-like organizations can help mitigate race-based inequalities in well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]