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This is a comprehensive study aiming to examine pre-service primary school teachers' (PPST) mathematical disposition levels in terms of various variables, and to explain the results thoroughly. It employed the explanatory sequential design among the mixed method research designs. The data were collected through Mathematics Dispositional Functions Inventory (MDFI) and semi-structured interviews. The participants consisted of 361 PPSTs in the quantitative phase, and six PPSTs in the qualitative phase. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. The PPSTs' mathematical disposition levels did not differ significantly in terms of grade level, high school type, area of education at high school and ability area variables; however, their scores in the attitude toward mathematics lesson factor of MDFI differed significantly in terms of area of education at high school and ability area variables. There were significant, positive, and low-level relationships between PPSTs' mathematical disposition levels and their levels of mathematics learning experience in primary, middle and high schools, and their perception level of mathematics teaching efficacy. The PPSTs' scores in attitude toward mathematics lesson factor related to ability area were consistent with their statements in the interviews. The quantitative analysis results regarding mathematics learning experience levels and mathematics teaching efficacy perception levels, defined as continuous variables, overlapped with the qualitative analysis results.

The purpose of the present research is defining the direction and level of the relationship between 8th grade students' translating among multiple representations skills and their algebraic reasoning and revealing the predictive power on algebraic reasoning. The research was conducted in accordance with relational survey model, which is a quantitative research method, and the study group consists of the total of 188 students, who studied at 8th grade in state schools. The data of the research were collected with the Translating Among Multiple Representations Test (TAMRT) and Algebraic Reasoning Evaluation Tool (ARET). Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between students' translating among multiple representations skills and their algebraic reasoning (r=0.59; p<0.01). Predictive power of students' translating among multiple representations skill on their algebraic reasoning was found as 40%. According to the analysis on the each translating skill's prediction of the subscales of the algebraic reasoning, only translating to graph and table representation skills predict subscales of algebraic reasoning.

Many related studies have studied many different models in the teaching of the concept of integer, which have reported that counters failed to completely help with the understanding of the concept of and operation modeling in integers. The purpose of the present research is presenting the "opposite model", which is a quantitative model, unlike thermometer, elevator, sea level, or number line, which are directional models. Additionally, it presents solutions to the problem of learning the concept of and operations in integers through models used in teaching integers for primary school 6th grade students. Opposite model is an integer model, which is based on theory and enables the easy learning of the concept of integers and addition and subtraction operations tested with experimental study by [9]. The present research is believed to contribute students' meaningful learning of the concept and operations of integers and alternative thinking through opposite model. The present research discusses the necessity of opposite model, which is to be offered as an alternative mathematical model for teaching the concept of integers and addition-subtraction operations, in light of the findings obtained through literature review.

The present study aimed to determine views the middle school students' located a province of Turkey towards the Class Dojo education technology used in mathematic courses. A questionnaire based on expert opinions was used for the collection of research data. The participants of the study consisted of 206 students; 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students who have used Class Dojo Education technology. The study is conducted survey model. Descriptive statistical methods, independent samples t test, one way analysis of variance were used for the analysis of research data.Findings of the research revealed that middle school students generally had a positive opinion on the application of Class Dojo training and that the opinions of the students did not vary according to the gender factor and that the students in the lower grades expressed more positive opinions than the students in the upper grades. As a conclusion that suggestions have been made to teacher and teacher candidates, how to use this education technology that enables classroom management to continue outside the school and pros of application.

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This study investigates the relationship between eighth grade primary school students' success levels in solving equations and proportional reasoning skills. 344 eighth grade students, who were registered at various primary schools in the central districts of Konya in the 2007-2008 educational year, participated in the research. The study had a relational survey research design. The findings indicated that eighth grade students' success in solving equations and their proportional reasoning skills were highly correlated (r = 0.89). Students were most successful at finding the missing value within the proportional reasoning question types, followed by questions that required quantitative comparison and qualitative comparison. [This study is a part of the Master's thesis of the first author conducted at Selcuk University, titled "The Relationship between Eighth Grade Primary School Students' Proportional Reasoning Skills and Success in Solving Equations."] (Contains 15 tables and 1 footnote.)

This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP) and investigate the effects of different variables on cognition. The sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals who participated in this study were recorded. Pain intensity of the individuals was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale, pain-related disability was evaluated with the Neck Disability Index and cognitive function was evaluated using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). For this study, 95 patients with CNP were recruited. The mean age was 45.61 ± 11.14, and the median MoCA score was 24 (20–26), and 64.2% of the patients scored below the original cutoff (<26/30 points). The regression analysis showed that higher age and lower education levels were associated with lower MoCA scores. Education appeared to be the most influential variable. Younger participants (18–45) performed systematically better on naming, attention and language domains than their older counterparts (over 45). The findings suggest that age and education play an important role in MoCA total and domain scores in these patients. While treating these patients, assessment of cognitive function can be useful for effective pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the factors affecting the performance of the deep cervical flexors (DCFs) in young people using smartphones. Eighty-six individuals were enrolled in this study. Joint position sense errors, forward head and protracted shoulder posture, DCFs, and the superficial cervical muscles were evaluated. Smartphone Addiction Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Regression analysis indicated that smartphone addiction and superficial cervical muscle strengths affect the performance of DCFs independently (p < 0.05). SAS was correlated with JPSE-flexion (r = 0.408), DCF activity/performance score (r = −0.453/r = −0.431), forward head posture (r = −0.412), and cervical flexor/extensor muscle strengths (r = −0.313/r = −0.319). Smartphone addiction and cervical superficial muscles are related to the performance of the DCFs in young people. Using smartphones causes impaired joint position sense in flexion, decreased DCF activity, and forward head posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To compare how disability, fear of movement, psychosocial status and quality of life are affected in terms of low back-neck health status in three occupational groups using different work postures. METHOD: Three hundred thirty-nine individuals participated in this study from the following three different occupational groups: group A, where the individuals worked in a prolonged sitting position (secretaries), group B, where the individuals performed dynamic activities in a standing position (cleaning workers) and group C, where the individuals worked in a prolonged standing position (private security officers). The participants were evaluated by Million Visual Analog Scale, Neck Disability Index, Oswestry Disability Index, Nottingham Health Profile, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale. RESULTS: It was found that disability, emotional status and the quality of life were minimally affected, but kinesiophobia was increased in all of the occupational groups. In the group C, low back pain disability, quality of life and fear of movement were more affected than the other groups ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For the occupational groups with long working years, the presence of kinesiophobia should be considered and cognitive-behavioural treatment methods should be recommended. In cleaning workers, low back pain is an important risk factor. Therefore, its awareness should be increased, and preventive programmes should be offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the factors affecting the performance of the deep cervical flexors (DCFs) in young people using smartphones., Methods: Eighty-six individuals were enrolled in this study. Joint position sense errors, forward head and protracted shoulder posture, DCFs, and the superficial cervical muscles were evaluated. Smartphone Addiction Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used., Results: Regression analysis indicated that smartphone addiction and superficial cervical muscle strengths affect the performance of DCFs independently (p < 0.05). SAS was correlated with JPSE-flexion (r = 0.408), DCF activity/performance score (r = -0.453/r = -0.431), forward head posture (r = -0.412), and cervical flexor/extensor muscle strengths (r = -0.313/r = -0.319)., Conclusion: Smartphone addiction and cervical superficial muscles are related to the performance of the DCFs in young people. Using smartphones causes impaired joint position sense in flexion, decreased DCF activity, and forward head posture.