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Purpose: To determine the effect of electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on several sperm parameters and the male reproductive system. Methods: This observational study was performed on 216 subjects, aged 18-60 years. Two equal groups of subjects were assigned to group A (study group) if they were living close to cell phone tower stations for at least 6 months and group B (control group) formed from individuals living 100 meters away from cell phone tower stations. Every subject underwent a comprehensive history taking, a clinical assessment, and laboratory testing. Results: Regarding morphology index in the studied groups, the exposed group exhibited a trend of reduced percentage of normal morphology compared to the non-exposed group, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Regarding the total sperm motility (A+B+C) and progressive sperm motility (A+B) in the studied groups, the exposed group showed a trend of decreased total sperm motility and of progressive sperm motility in contrast to the non-exposed group, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Personal wrong lifestyles with exposure to electromagnetic waves have shown a trend towards a reduced percentage of normal morphology and reduced motility although nonstatistically significant compared with non-exposed populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the influence of competence and work motivation on employee performance at one of the largest Telecommunication Tower Infrastructure Companies in Indonesia. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology with Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique using SmartPLS version 3.2.9 software with 204 permanent employees of the company as respondents. The survey results show that employee performance is included in the “very good” category with an average score of 87.37%. This is in line with employee competence and employee work motivation, which are classified as “very high” with scores of 85.85% and 89.90%, respectively. The hypothesis results show that competence and motivation have a significant effect on employee performance, with an influence of competence of 0.321 and motivation of 0.587. This highlights the importance of good competence enhancement strategies and effective motivation and suggests that companies must improve both aspects to improve employee performance. This study also provides insights to company leaders that are important in responding to the dynamics that occur in managing employee performance at Telecommunication Tower Infrastructure Companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering enormous growth in population, technical advancement, and added reliance on electronic devices leading to adverse health effects, in situ simulations were made to evaluate effects of non-ionizing radiations emitted from three cell phone towers (T1, T2, and T3) of frequency bands (800, 1800, 2300 MHz), (900, 1800, 2300 MHz), and (1800 MHz), respectively. Five sites (S1–S5) were selected near cell phone towers exhibiting different power densities. The site with zero power density was considered as control. Effects of radiations were studied on morphology; protein content; antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR); and genotoxicity using Allium cepa. Mean power density (μW/cm2) was recorded as 1.05, 1.18, 1.6, 2.73, and 12.9 for sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. A significant change in morphology, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight in Allium cepa was observed under the exposure at different sites. Protein content of roots showed significant difference for samples at all sites while bulbs at sites S4 and S5 when compared to control. Antioxidant activity for root in terms of APX, GST, and POD showed significant changes at S4 and S5 and GR at site S5 and SOD at S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5. Similarly, bulbs showed significant changes at sites S4 and S5 for APX while at sites S3, S4, and S5 for POD and S2, S3, S4, and S5 for SOD and S5 for GR and GST. Genotoxicity study has shown induction of abnormalities at different stages of the cell cycle in Allium cepa root tips. The samples under exposure to radiation with maximum power density have shown maximum induction of oxidative stress and genotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased demand of environmentally sustainable energy resources, reliable energy storage technologies become more essential than ever. Other emerging energy storage applications include uninterruptible power supply, cell phone towers, and sensors/monitors for outdoor systems (utility line, traffic control, etc.), and automotive emergency call system. The common requirements for above-mentioned applications are high safety and durability, easy maintenance, and the most important of all, wide operating temperature range. With its proven reliability, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery has become very competitive in these fields. Although NiMH battery can function in a wide temperature range, extreme temperatures cause some operating difficulties. Exposure to elevated temperatures lead to premature NiMH battery material failure. At ultra-low temperature, NiMH battery's alloy anode experiences sluggish bulk reaction and decreased surface reactivity. In this review, the fundamentals of NiMH battery electrochemical reactions and failure mechanisms at extreme temperatures are explained, followed by a report focused on the research effort of hydrogen storage alloy for extreme temperature applications, and finally an alloy development plan for improved wide-temperature-range operation is discussed. [Display omitted] • Review of low-temperature metal hydride alloy development is presented. • Review of metal hydride alloy's stability/high-temperature property improvement is presented. • Metal hydride alloy's issues at extreme temperatures are discussed. • Future research plan for wide-temperature-range metal hydride alloy is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People’s growing anxiety, and fear of the issue of a large number of mobile phone towers, as well as the lack of studies dealing with this issue at the level of the country in general, and the governorate in particular. All these reasons led to the issue of non-ionizing rays given off by mobile telephone masts on the table of worries about how this radioactivity will affect people's health. Non-ionized radiation emissions were measured by taking 280 readings for the three frequency packets 900, 1800, and 1840 MHz, which are sequential-Global System Mobile (GSM), of 20 cell phone towers in the Al-Amara, the city center of Misan prefecture. Four readings were collected for each frequency, with the highest value for overlap between electromagnetic field and frequency being chosen. A selective Radiation Meter (SRM-3006) was the device used in this study. It was found that the amount of non-ionizing radiation emitted by the towers taken in the study, and for the frequencies (900, 1800, and 1840 MHz) was, in a successive manner (309 × 10-8, 7 ×10-8, and 1109×10-7 MHz). Thus, the measured values of radiation were less than the surveyed limit (4×10-1 μW/cm2) provided for by the law of Iraq’s Determinants for Non-ionized Radiation Emissions (IDNREs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction project consists of a series of interconnected activities throughout the project cycle, starting from planning (concept and feasibility studies), design (engineering and drafting), procurement, execution (construction), start-up and implementation, to operation and utilization. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of construction management consultant roles on the performance of telecommunication tower project implementation. This study utilizes a descriptive method, with the population comprising all employees of PT. Digjaya Mandiri Teknik, Mitratel, other construction management consultants, and contractors involved in telecommunication tower project implementation. The study involves a total of 50 experienced respondents who have worked for more than 4 years in telecommunication tower projects. The sample for this study includes employees engaged in telecommunication tower projects, both in the field and in the office. The findings of this research reinforce several previous theories and studies that discuss the influence of construction management consultant roles on project implementation performance. Based on the results and discussions in the previous chapter, the conclusion is drawn that there are factors that affect the improvement and decline in performance during the implementation of telecommunication tower projects, specifically related to the role of construction management consultants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article mentions the anniversary of Hexcel Corp., which has been in business for 75 years.

In February 2021, the Myanmar military ended a decade of democratic reforms with a coup and deposed the democratically elected government. The following chapters then document in great detail how the military regime established a new constitution that would allow it to introduce limited democratic reforms while still retaining control of political processes; and how it initiated what became known as Myanmar's "transition" to peace, democracy, and economic opening. [Extracted from the article]

Equal treatment of citizens under the law is a supposedly central value in the American legal system, and yet laws often contribute to the further entrenchment of inequality. This Article utilizes qualitative social scientific data to shed light on the differential impacts of law. In particular, this Article asks how vulnerable individuals and families interface with daily residential surveillance. What protections can they expect in the aftermath of recent constitutional developments in the area of rights and technology? Do those developments affirm equality, or do they further entrench inequality? Understanding the dynamic between interpretation of the Fourth Amendment and social and economic inequality contributes to solving the larger puzzle of why, despite its commitment to equality, law often constitutes and reproduces inequality. A case study, this Article explores specific language from the 2018 landmark Supreme Court decision in Carpenter v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 2206 (2018), which held that government access to cell-site location information (CSLI, or cell phone tower pings) data collected and stored by wireless phone carriers constituted a search under the Fourth Amendment, thus requiring a warrant based on probable cause. Central to the Supreme Court’s determination in Carpenter is a distinction between conventional and new technologies, as the Court declared, “[o]ur decision today is a narrow one. . . . We do not . . . call into question conventional surveillance techniques and tools, such as security cameras.” In granting a significant constitutional rights protection to cellular telephone users, Carpenter held the potential to finally extend similar protections to those subject to residential surveillance by the government. In both cases—precise location and movement tracking through cellular telephones and around the clock location and movement recording through imposed camera surveillance—those whose data is collected are deprived of a shelter of privacy if the government can access such data on demand. However, the location and movement data collection which Carpenter was limited to leave intact a type of personal data collection associated with housing and employment precarity, family instability, and over-policing with which many vulnerable populations must live within public housing and impoverished urban neighborhoods. Grounded on original interviews with New York City public housing residents, this Article contributes a different approach to the policy and doctrinal matters raised in Carpenter—an approach that forestages the real-world impact of the seemingly aseptic doctrinal distinction between conventional and new technologies—thus shedding light on one of the myriad ways law’s commitment to equality fails to deliver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public resistance to environmental and health safety risks from radiations emanating from cell phone towers has been sporadic but spatially and temporally widespread in India. Civic actions have been led by civic activists, resident welfare associations, gram panchayats, lawyers, scientists and even an actor from the Bombay film industry. Large scale technical systems like cell-phone towers are remarkably resilient to public criticism. Industry response to such resistance is usually in the form of aesthetic tinkering to hide structures from public gaze, incremental regulation and science communication to assuage public doubt. The legislature rather than Courts has been more responsive to such civic actions. Courts due to their overreliance on risk discourses have continued to defer to State experts. Faced with incrementalism from formal institutional actors, resistance movements have become localized and used site requirements to stymie such developments. Drawing on Beck's idea of subpolitics, this study explores the disaggregated nature of the resistance movement against cell tower radiation in India. It is based on a multi-sited ethnography based on field research and 35 interviews with activists, journalists, regulators, lawyers, industry representatives, doctors and scientists, conducted between November 2017 to December 2019. Jurisprudential developments, parliamentary committee and scientific reports were also reviewed. Subpolitics as a category has purchase in STS studies because it allows us to focus on the disaggregated nature of affected publics and interrogate public engagement with State institutions and new social expectations and solidarities with reference to technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine-learning programs can help disaster management by supporting both human and automated decision-making to produce rapid, accurate, and timely information and public messages ([8], 255-260). B How can we prepare for the inevitable exploitation of AI and machine-learning technologies in disaster management? There is an inherent advantage for state adversaries and non-state insurgents to create fake news videos that spread rapidly, feeding the public's worst fears when reliable news and valid information are not available and the public is most vulnerable. These AI and machine-learning technologies are a two-edged sword. [Extracted from the article]

Aim and Objectives: Mobile towers are known to emit a radiofrequency (RF) radiation continuously, which increases the health concern of living beings. However, still the biological effect of exposure to RF remains controversial. The present study was performed to evaluate the presence of micronuclei (MN) in the exfoliated buccal cells due to the genotoxic effect of cell phone tower radiation. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study that was conducted with randomly selected n = 108 subjects between 5 and 50 years of age from three school-based localities in Chennai, which were located within the radius of 10-25 m around the mobile towers; exfoliated buccal cells were collected. A smear was made using the collected exfoliated buccal cells and analyzed for the presence of MN. The smear was stained using giemsa stain to evaluate the same. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test and Student's T-test. Results: The study results showed that 55.05% of the study population had the presence of MN in at least one field (a total of 10 fields examined), and 45.95% did not have MN in their exfoliated cells examined. The presence of MN was more seen in the 0-10 age groups, with preponderance of the female population (P > 0.05) being statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The presence of MN can be considered as a prerequisite for environmental genotoxicity and adverse health risks due to constant exposure to RF radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prompt students to consider who is sending the message and who is receiving the message (and how) using questions such as, "Who created this message? Students connect their ideas from the investigations to the text material and ultimately apply their understanding by creating their own system to communicate information to help students solve a maze. Students will identify different ways information is communicated and develop their own system to convey basic information. As students work through the investigations, they can record their observations on Understanding How We Communicate with Perseverance student data sheets (see Supplemental Resources). [Extracted from the article]

Mobile phone towers strength and coverage after happening natural disaster are one of the most important issues in set covering. Every day advances and developments of mobile phone technology have made the telecommunication industry and transferring equipment more important and subscribers and users of the mobile phones and increasing which requires better planning. So, the subject of coverage ability of the cell phone towers is very important. Natural disasters for example earthquake, flood, storm, landslides and activating volcano affect roads, bridges, communication systems, electrical supplying and availability to facilities. Extensive human casualties and huge economic damages are showing prediction necessity and programming for facing these events preventing crisis occurring This paper develops location and strengthening of cell phone towers to maximize service coverage and minimize the loss of communication if natural disaster happens. In addition, proposed model considers backup and emergency coverage. We present a case study of our approach for disaster planning for disaster scenario in a region of Iran. Numerical experiments demonstrate the significance and applicability of the developed model for actual decision-making problem.

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Cell phones have become an inherent part of human life and have grown rapidly in the last decade. In India, there are nearly 120 crore cell phone users which require setting up of cell phone tower at an appropriate location to transmit the signals. A signal strength that is measured in (dBm) keeps on varying from one location to another. Over the decades, there has been a great deal of concern about placing a cell phone tower to manage adequate signal strength for an area. During transmission, the signals get affected by the position of building, ground and the distances the signals need to travel before reaching any receiver or user location. Existing researches focus on the requirement of a suitable number of cell phone towers for a big area in a GIS environment. Depending on the building and other infrastructure present in an area an optimal location can be determined for setting up the cell phone tower. However, the detailed 3D data is required for it. In this paper, a LiDAR-based technique is attempted. Using the point cloud data of the RGIPT campus, features like building, ground, obstruction points, etc are extracted. To determine the transmission paths for the signal, building/object boundary(es), etc. coming in the path(s) between the cell phone tower and the receiver location are determined. Once the detailed paths for the signal transmission i.e, direct path, or path after diffraction (around the buildings), and/or reflection (from the wall and ground) are determined, terrain parameters (distance, path difference, attenuation, etc) are ascertained. These are then used to model and determine the relative signal strength for any receiver location. The position of cell phone tower is then tested for optimal XY, and Z position to ascertain the best location for setting up the cell phone tower. The method is verified against various path determination algorithms. A centroid and viewshed based approach is adopted here. The technique is generic, novel and essentially work with LiDAR point data without needing DEM and can be applied for any terrain condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays coronavirus (COVID--19) has become a concerning issue in the world, according to WHO latest report more than 8,000000 of people in our planet have been infected and more than 400000 of people have died until the writing of this paper. Everybody on this planet is exposed to get this pandemic. Scientists, organizations, governments, and universities around the world endeavor to find proper solutions to control the spread of COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this paper is to propose an applicable framework to control the spread of COVID-19 by utilizing Cellular System. This is done by Haversine formula to calculate the distance between mobile phones based on cell towers. And it can also be fulfilled via designing a framework which is composed of four phases. Phase 1, deals with distance calculation and data collection about the infected and suspected persons. Then in phase 2, the Authorized Clinical Center (ACC) delivers the ID of the infected person to the Telecom Company (TC) to gather information about the unknown suspected persons. In turn, phase 3 diagnoses the infected persons and informs them to visit the ACC. In the last phase, the suspected persons are tested and the infected ones are recognize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]