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Introduction The CD4 helper T cell is responsible for humoral, cellular immunity, and inflammation. CD69 may be a sensitive marker indicating that the CD4 T cell is activated. The aim of this study is to determine CD4CD69 T cells for estimating the activation of CD4 T cells and to monitor hemodialysis (HD) outcome. Participants and methods Sixty-two HD patients and 50 controls were enrolled in our study. CD3, CD4, CD3CD69, and CD4CD69 T cell percentages were assessed by flow cytometry. Transferrin was determined using ELISA. Results The lymphocyte count, the CD3 T cell percentage and CD4 T cell percentage were highly significantly lower, while the CD3CD69 T cell percentage and the CD4CD69 T cell percentage were highly significantly elevated. Mean fluorescence intensity of CD4CD69, 13.89 ± 2.38 (±SD), in the HD group was significantly increased than that of the controls, 13.12 ± 4.93 (±SD) (P < 0.001). On univariate regression analysis, the CD4CD69 T cell was negatively related to albumin [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.159, 0.037–0.677; P = 0.013) and HD duration (OR, 95% CI: 1.189, 1.098–1.288; P < 0.001) and positively associated with transferrin (OR, 95% CI: 3.015, 1.779–5.108; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of HD and transferrin are independent predictors of the CD4CD69 T cell (OR, 95% CI: 1.187, 1.062–1.327; P = 0.003 and OR, 95% CI: 2.364, 1.004–5.564; P = 0.049, respectively). Conclusion CD4CD69 T cell and CD3CD69 T cell percentages were increased in HD patients despite lymphopenia. Reducing the concentration of transferrin and good nutrition may decrease CD4 T cell activation and, consequently, complications in HD patients.

Introduction The CD4 helper T cell is responsible for humoral, cellular immunity, and inflammation. CD69 may be a sensitive marker indicating that the CD4 T cell is activated. The aim of this study is to determine CD4CD69 T cells for estimating the activation of CD4 T cells and to monitor hemodialysis (HD) outcome. Participants and methods Sixty-two HD patients and 50 controls were enrolled in our study. CD3, CD4, CD3CD69, and CD4CD69 T cell percentages were assessed by flow cytometry. Transferrin was determined using ELISA. Results The lymphocyte count, the CD3 T cell percentage and CD4 T cell percentage were highly significantly lower, while the CD3CD69 T cell percentage and the CD4CD69 T cell percentage were highly significantly elevated. Mean fluorescence intensity of CD4CD69, 13.89 ± 2.38 (±SD), in the HD group was significantly increased than that of the controls, 13.12 ± 4.93 (±SD) (P < 0.001). On univariate regression analysis, the CD4CD69 T cell was negatively related to albumin [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.159, 0.037-0.677; P = 0.013) and HD duration (OR, 95% CI: 1.189, 1.098-1.288; P < 0.001) and positively associated with transferrin (OR, 95% CI: 3.015, 1.779-5.108; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of HD and transferrin are independent predictors of the CD4CD69 T cell (OR, 95% CI: 1.187, 1.062-1.327; P = 0.003 and OR, 95% CI: 2.364, 1.004-5.564; P = 0.049, respectively). Conclusion CD4CD69 T cell and CD3CD69 T cell percentages were increased in HD patients despite lymphopenia. Reducing the concentration of transferrin and good nutrition may decrease CD4 T cell activation and, consequently, complications in HD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of repeated applications of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on immunocompetent cells (CD3 T cells) and alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal mucosa. Mice were orally treated with AFB1 for 24 days. The mucosa of the intestine showed a significant decrease in the number of CD3 T cells and a significantly lower level activity of alkaline phosphatase on day 24 in AFB1 treated mice. Similarly, with changes in the small intestine, qualitative haematological parameters were modified in systemic immunity as lymphopenia, and neutropenia, monocytopenia. AFB1 treated animals showed reduction in body weight gain and increased liver weight. We supposed that changes found in the small intestine are secondary to primary systemic haematological lesions. The decrease in CD3 T cells suggests a connection with the decrease in the host's resistance to infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]