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This paper intends to study the adaptation of printed albums for the CD-ROM support in France during the 1990s. As an evidence of the first incursions of printed comics into digital publishing and composed of less than ten titles, the corpus studied nevertheless reveals a new situation in the editorial context in which it appeared. By situating these objects at the crossroads of upheavals in the editorial landscape of comics and books in general, at a time when entertainment computing is being democratized, this study aims to show how these marginal publications testify to and announce a disruption of the media identity of comic, at the crossroads of the symbolic influence of the album and the formal issues involved in publishing on an innovative support.

Este artigo analisa a transposição do primeiro livro escrito por Arlindo Machado, Eisenstein: geometria do êxtase (1982) para o formato de CD-ROM, explorando os recursos das mídias digitais a partir de elementos estéticos derivados do Construtivismo Russo e demais elementos de linguagem do cinema de Sergei Eisenstein. O desdobramento desse trabalho de pesquisa de Arlindo, realizado em pesquisa colaborativa, pode ampliar os caminhos na busca por novas tecnologias.

Cet article propose d’interroger la transition numérique de la bande dessinée franco-belge. Alors que d’autres médias ont été fortement reconfigurés par le numérique, nous montrerons que la bande dessinée semble opposer une résistance. L’étude historique des supports de publication permettra, dans un premier temps, d’éclairer les processus de reconfiguration liés à la multiplicité des supports de publication analogiques et numériques. Cette partie historique soulignera l’importance symbolique du rattachement de la bande dessinée au support du livre et les obstacles qui s’opposent à son transfert vers les écrans. Une seconde partie, fondée sur une analyse des représentations des acteurs, montrera comment les technologies numériques ont transformé le marché, les pratiques et l’identité professionnelle des auteurs et des autrices. Nous verrons à quel point le livre demeure une source de revenus difficilement remplaçable et une référence symbolique majeure pour un média dont le patrimoine ne se laisse pas facilement transférer sur des interfaces numériques. En l’absence de véritables alternatives économiques et du fait d’une émancipation médiatique des auteurs contemporains les plus créatifs, les déclinaisons numériques de la bande dessinée ne parviennent, ainsi, pas à transformer en profondeur le champ de production.

As an example of how the archaeology of modern/contemporary media can be conducted, we examine the technology behind artifacts with cultural relevance in modern society: video games. In particular, we look at two game artifacts from the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16, a game console produced from 1987–1994. A 1× CD-ROM drive could be added on to the console, with a corresponding increase in the amount of data a game could access, and some games took advantage of this capability to include full-motion video (FMV). This digital excavation report details the FMV formats of two such games along with the methodology used to reverse engineer the formats and verify the correctness of the analysis.

BackgroundThere are few health promotion tools for urban Inuit, and there is a specific dearth of evaluations on such tools.ObjectiveThe current study used a community-specific approach in the evaluation of a health promotion tool, based on an urban Inuit community's preferences of health knowledge sources and distribution strategies. In partnership with the Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Health Team in Ottawa, a CD-Rom was developed featuring an Inuk Elder presenting prenatal health messages in both Inuktitut and English. Also, relevant evaluation materials were developed.DesignUsing a mixed methods approach, 40 participants completed interviews prior to viewing the CD-Rom and participated in a focus group at follow-up. Questionnaires were also completed pre- and post-viewing to assess changes between expectations and reactions in order to document acceptability.ResultsSignificant increases were found on satisfaction, acceptability of medium and relevance of content ratings. Qualitative findings also included (a) interest, uncertainty and conditional interest prior to viewing; and (b) positive evaluations of the CD-Rom.ConclusionsThis suggests that CD-Rom technology has the potential for health promotion for urban Inuit, and the community-specific evaluation approach yielded useful information.

Keywords: electronic publishing; history of publishing; poetry; libraries; SGML; database publishing; CD-ROM EN electronic publishing history of publishing poetry libraries SGML database publishing CD-ROM 37 47 11 06/22/20 20200101 NES 200101 Origins In the spring of 1990, Susan Severtson, President of Chadwyck-Healey, organized an away-day conference at a hotel in Chantilly, Virginia for our senior US managers, while my family, who were with me for a two-week vacation in Washington, DC, made a trip to New York. We were to turn all of English poetry into one huge, fully searchable database, and we all agreed that the I English Poetry Full-Text Database i should be a database of poems, not a digital reprint of books of poetry. Since the 1970s, database publishers like the Mead Corporation had been creating large legal databases by the manual keying of the texts of law books for the legal profession. But there were frustrations: books that libraries could not find, books listed in I NCBEL i that did not exist, and books that were unavailable because they were away for binding or conservation. [Extracted from the article]

IntroductionResearch indicates that low fruit and vegetable intake is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Despite large-scale education campaigns, the great majority of Americans do not consume recommended levels. We tested the ability of a single brief interactive experience of the Little by Little CD-ROM to increase fruit and vegetable intake in low-income women.MethodsA randomized placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial included 481 low-income, female participants: mean age 50.1 years, 48.4% African American, 51.6% non-Hispanic white, and 92.5% below 185% of the federally designated poverty level. Participants received one of three conditions: 1) a one-time experience with the Little by Little CD-ROM, 2) the Little by Little CD-ROM plus two reminder telephone calls, or 3) a stress management CD-ROM (control condition). We assessed baseline and follow-up dietary intake with a modified 24-hour recall.ResultsTwo months after the one-time experience with the CD-ROMs, both intervention groups reported significantly higher intakes of fruits and vegetables than the control group. The Little by Little group with reminder calls increased daily intake by 1.32 fruits/vegetables, an 86% greater increase than the control group (P = .016). The Little by Little group without reminder calls increased daily intake by 1.20 fruits/vegetables, a 69% greater increase than the control group (P = .052). Significantly greater movement in Stage of Readiness for Change also occurred in the Little by Little groups compared with the control group.ConclusionThe Little by Little CD-ROM may be useful in public health and clinical situations to increase fruit and vegetable intake.

Articles in this issue:Only Teachers Using Diversity Pedagogy Can Be "Highly Qualified"Sharon Brockman: Using CD-ROMs in Student Teacher ProgramsGreenlanders Visit CREDE as Part of National Education Reform Effort

Purpose – The article focuses on optical data discs in the collections of the two largest Czech libraries and examines how their role has changed in recent decades and what risks they face. It introduces the CDArcha project, which offers tools to protect the content of data optical discs and outlines the steps that need to be taken in the future to ensure that data stored on them remains accessible to library users in the long term. Design/Methodology/Approach – The first part based on the analysis of project documents and other materials explores the situation in the National Library of Czech Republic in the 1990s and at the turn of the 21st century. The second part discusses the situation in the Moravian Library itself and describes the CDArcha project. Results – An outline of measures taken in the past to protect optical discs in the collections of the two largest Czech libraries is presented. In the second section new software tools are introduced; they allow memory institutions to extract data from optical discs and safely store them on a central server to provide protection at the bit level are introduced. Originality/Value – The article provides a summary of the research of the National Library of Czech Republic in the field of optical discs; the topic was long neglected by the professional library community. The CDArcha project, which forms an integral part of the research and development in the Moravian Library, offers tools for libraries and other memory institutions to protect data stored on optical discs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les musées ont été, entre autres, des acteurs importants du développement des CD-ROM dits culturels dans les années quatre-vingt-dix, comme plus récemment d’applications dites e-albums sur smartphones et tablettes tactiles. Notre article montre d’une part que les interfaces des e-albums certes se nourrissent de l’imaginaire de concepteurs et designers, eux-mêmes usagers de dispositifs numériques qui les inspirent, au rang desquels les produits interactifs multimédias des années quatre-vingt-dix ont leur place. Il montre d’autre part, l’importance des usages développés dans des univers de référence antérieurs. En effet, nous faisons l’hypothèse que les interfaces sont des objets intermédiaires entre imaginaire, technique et pratique, c’est-à-dire : de représentation d’imaginaires, de leur traduction sur support, et de médiation entre pratiques anciennes et pratiques nouvelles.

The paper describes the design and the implementation of a small, easily operable and flexible 2-axis CNC pen plotter (Computer Numerical Control). It is accomplished from two old and available CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) drives using their stepper motors and the main hardware structure. The two stepper motors move the pen platform along X and Y axis. The plotter has been tested for printing different images and texts. Thus, the functional and graphical requirements were demonstrated, the conclusion being that this device is efficient and precise, and it can be easily achieved from available components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a new recycling method for metal-coated plastics. Pulsed power technology was used to remove a metal layer (aluminum) from CD-ROM. The progress of removal and the state of discharge were investigated in detail. In addition, the shadow picture method including a digital image processing was used to estimate removal amount. A pulsed power generator using magnetic pulse compression (MPC-PPG) with maximum storage energy of 40 J/pulse was used. Pulsed power was applied to concentric ring electrodes placed on the CD-ROM. Separation between electrodes was about 35 mm. Results show that almost all of the metal layer was removed under application of about 30 shots of pulse power. A strong correlation between the removed area measured by the shadow picture method and the removed mass was obtained, allowing the removed area and mass to be measured instantly by the shadow picture method. Furthermore, it was revealed that the discharge onset voltage increases with gap length between the electrodes and the aluminum layer left on the surface. Due to the surface flashover voltage between ring electrodes of about 80 kV, a pulsed power source output voltage larger than 80 kV is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research summary: The experience of Encyclopædia Britannica provides the canonical example of the decline of an established firm at the outset of the digital age. Competition from Microsoft's Encarta in 1993 led to sharp declines in the sales of books, which led to the distressed sale of the firm in 1996. This article offers new source material about the actions at both Encarta and Britannica, and it offers a novel interpretation of events. Britannica's management did not misperceive the opportunities and threats, and Britannica did not lack technical prowess. This narrative stresses that Britannica's management faced organizational diseconomies of scope between supporting lines of business in the old and new markets, which generated internal conflicts. These conflicts hindered the commercialization of new technology and hastened its decline. Managerial summary: An established and leading firm, such as Encyclopædia Britannica, would seem to have enormous advantages over its competitors in a new market. Why would a successful firm come to have severe difficulties organizing for a new market? Of particular importance for explaining Britannica's decline are theories that stress its inherited capabilities, especially inherited technological (in)abilities and inherited (mis)perceptions about the potential for new market opportunities. This article argues that Britannica's management did not misperceive the opportunities and threats, and Britannica did not lack technical prowess. This narrative stresses that Britannica's management faced organizational diseconomies of scope between supporting lines of business in the old and new markets, which generated internal conflicts. The narrative directs attention at managing commercialization activity around new products using new technologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. There are few health promotion tools for urban Inuit, and there is a specific dearth of evaluations on such tools. Objective. The current study used a community-specific approach in the evaluation of a health promotion tool, based on an urban Inuit community's preferences of health knowledge sources and distribution strategies. In partnership with the Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Health Team in Ottawa, a CD-Rom was developed featuring an Inuk Elder presenting prenatal health messages in both Inuktitut and English. Also, relevant evaluation materials were developed. Design. Using a mixed methods approach, 40 participants completed interviews prior to viewing the CD-Rom and participated in a focus group at follow-up. Questionnaires were also completed pre- and post-viewing to assess changes between expectations and reactions in order to document acceptability. Results. Significant increases were found on satisfaction, acceptability of medium and relevance of content ratings. Qualitative findings also included (a) interest, uncertainty and conditional interest prior to viewing; and (b) positive evaluations of the CD-Rom. Conclusions. This suggests that CD-Rom technology has the potential for health promotion for urban Inuit, and the community-specific evaluation approach yielded useful information.

Рассматриваются возможные пути решения при помощи компьютерных технологий актуальной проблемы сохранности и доступности книжного памятника и книги вообще. Предлагаемая методика позволяет цифровую версию книжного памятника максимально приблизить по функции к книге, существующей в традиционном виде кодекса.

The CD-ROM "Voice Assessment: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology & Medicine" was developed as a teaching tool for people interested in the production of the spoken or sung human voice. Its content comprises several subjects concerning the anatomy and physiology of spoken and sung voice. A careful assessment becomes necessary in order to ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning educational materials, whether related to education or health, within the proposal of education mediated by technology. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Virtual Man Project's CD-ROM "Voice Assessment: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology & Medicine", as a self-learning material, in two different populations: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students and Lyrical Singing students. The participants were instructed to study the CD-ROM during 1 month and answer two questionnaires: one before and another one after studying the CD-ROM. The quantitative results were compared statistically by the Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Seventeen out of the 28 students who completed the study, were Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students, while 11 were Lyrical Singing students (dropout rate of 44%). Comparison of the answers to the questionnaires before and after studying the CD-ROM showed a statistically significant increase of the scores for the questionnaire applied after studying the CD-ROM for both Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Lyrical Singing students, with p

The purpose of the study was to determine the changes in knowledge of information technology (IT) professionals after receiving a nutrition education intervention for a month. The sample comprised of 40 IT professionals (29 males and 11 females). The sample was drawn from four IT companies of Hyderabad city using random sampling techniques. The data on the general information of the subjects was collected. The data regarding the commonly accessed sources of nutrition and health information by the subjects was also obtained from the study. The intervention study group received nutrition education by distribution of the developed CD-ROMs to them followed by interactive sessions. To assess the impact of nutrition education intervention, the knowledge assessment questionnaire (KAQ) was developed and administered before and after the education programme. A significant improvement in the mean nutritional knowledge scores was observed among the total study subjects from 22.30 to 40.55 after the intervention (p < 0.05). The findings support the importance of providing professionals with nutrition knowledge to promote healthy dietary behaviors.Thus, the method of e-learning and development of CD-Rom is essential for teaching the educated groups on nutrition, physical activity and overall health education to improve their health, lifestyle and eating habits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Apesar de rara, a ocorrência de lesão ocular devido à explosão acidental de disco compacto pode ser responsável por graves lesões no globo ocular. No presente artigo é relatado caso de perfuração corneana com trauma cristaliniano causado pela quebra intencional de disco compacto. Trata-se de paciente com 44 anos, sexo feminino, médica, avaliada em caráter de urgência com queixas de BAV, fotofobia, lacrimejamento e sensação de corpo estranho no OD, iniciados após presenciar quebra intencional de disco compacto. Apresentava perfuração corneana central, com sinal de Seidel positivo e lesão de cápsula anterior do cristalino com opacificação cortical anterior subjacente. A AV corrigida no OD era de 0,1. Tratada com lente de contato hidrofílica terapêutica e instilações tópicas regulares de solução antibiótica e hipotensora ocular, evoluiu com cicatrização da lesão corneana e estabilização da opacidade do cristalino. Decorridos 24 meses do trauma, sua refração encontrava-se semelhante aos valores prévios ao acidente e a acuidade visual era de 1,0 (-1).