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Time-lapse elastic full waveform inversion is used to monitor the spatio-temporal evolution of the CO2 plume during and after supercritical CO2 injection based on a series of time-lapse (repeated) cross-well seismic monitoring datasets obtained at the Nagaoka Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) site in Japan. The full waveform inversion method successfully estimates the time-lapse velocity decrease of up to 30% within a thin 12 m layer, which is consistent with the magnitude and thickness of the well-log measurements. After the second monitoring survey, the velocity decrease becomes stable and gradually extends down dip along pre-existing geological structures. The full waveform inversion results starkly contrast with the previous estimates based on traveltime tomography. The previous traveltime tomography applications only used the traveltime-delays and resulted in low resolution with few percentage change which was not adequate to correctly resolve CO2 injection changes. The datasets pose significant challenges due to background noise, tube waves, apparent non-isotropic source radiation patterns, apparent reservoir velocity anisotropy and missing key acquisition parameters such as the number of stacks per shot point. To overcome these obstacles, we meticulously perform careful data preprocessing integrating both the body waves and tube waves. We develop waveform-based source mechanism estimation to represent non-isotropic source excitation, and then conduct forward modeling studies to constrain the anisotropy model.

Background: Decreases in symptom load and improvements in quality of life are important goals in the invasive treatment of symptomatic chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). To date, it is not known which patients profit most from the invasive treatment. Methods: This sub-analysis of the prospective, multi-centre PLA-pCi-EBO trial includes 145 patients with symptomatic CCS and successful PCI. The prespecified endpoints angina pectoris and quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire–SAQ) were assessed 1 and 6 months after PCI. Predictors of symptom improvement were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Quality of life, physical limitation, and angina frequency markedly improved 6 months after PCI. Worse baseline health status (i.e., low SAQ subscales) was the best predictor of highly clinically relevant improvements (≥ 20 points in SAQ subscales) in symptom load and quality of life. Demographic factors (age, sex, body-mass index) and cardiovascular disease severity (number of involved vessels, ejection fraction) did not predict relevant improvements after PCI. The influence of psychologic traits has not previously been assessed. We found that neither optimism nor pessimism had a relevant effect on symptomatic outcome. However, patients who exercised more after PCI had a much larger improvement in quality of life despite no differences in physical limitation or angina frequency. Conclusion: PCI effectively reduces symptom load and improves quality of life in patients with symptomatic CCS. Reduced baseline health status (symptom load, quality of life) are the only relevant predictors for improvements after PCI. Physical activity after PCI is associated with greater benefits for quality of life. Trial registry: The German Clinical Trials Register registration number is DRKS0001752. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of tendons and aponeuroses and CCS-like malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor/sarcoma (GINET) are characterized by frequent local and distant relapses, alongside with low efficacy of all systemic treatments. We aimed to collect a comprehensive dataset to identify prognostic factors and treatment outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective single center analysis for diagnosed CCS and GINET on demographic, tumor, treatment and survival data. Results: We identified 43 patients (w:25, m:18) with a median follow-up of 35mo and a 5y-OS-rate of 42%. At diagnosis the median age was 42yrs. Median tumor size was 3.6 cm (0.3–11.1 cm), and 24/26 (94%) tissues analyzed at our institute were EWSR1::ATF1-translocation-positive. Distant extremities (incl. knee or elbow) were affected in 72.5%. Of note, 79.5% received an excisional biopsy (benign histology suspected in 30.2%) leading to frequent incomplete resection. Final R0 status correlated significantly (p = 0.017) with longer survival rates compared to R + status in localized CCS (N0M0, 5-yr OS 0% vs 64%). Radiation and systemic treatment had limited antitumor effects while isolated limb perfusion was active in some patients. 18.6% of patients showed lymphatic spread and 20.9% distant metastases. Presence of initial M + was associated with a dismal survival of 1.4 years (M +) vs 7.1 years (M0; p <.001). Conclusion: We here present one of the largest clinical cohorts of patients with CCS/GINET. Our data underscores the exceptional risk of metastatic disease even in small tumors. As systemic treatment and radiation showed limited efficacy, complete resection was the most important treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve carbon neutrality in China's fossil energy sector, saline aquifer CO2 geological storage has become a critical strategy. As research into carbon reduction and storage potential evaluation advances across various geological scales, the need arises for consolidating key CO2 storage cases and establishing a standardized classification system and evaluation methodology. This paper provides a comprehensive review of notable CO2 storage projects in saline aquifers, covering aspects such as project overviews, structural and reservoir characteristics, caprock integrity, and seismic monitoring protocols. Drawing on insights from mineral and oil and gas exploration, as well as international methods, this paper outlines the stages and potential levels of saline aquifer storage in China. It proposes an evaluation framework with formulas and reference values for key coefficients. The study includes successful global projects, such as Sleipner and Snøhvit in Norway, In Salah in Algeria, and Shenhua in China's Ordos Basin, which provide valuable insights for long-term carbon capture and storage (CCS). By examining geological characteristics, injection, and monitoring protocols in these projects, this paper analyzes how geological features impact CO2 storage outcomes. For example, the Sleipner project's success is linked to its straightforward structure, favorable reservoir properties, and stable caprock, while Snøhvit illustrates diverse structural suitability, and In Salah demonstrates the influence of fractures on storage efficacy. CO2 storage activities are segmented into four stages—survey, investigation, exploration, and injection—and are further categorized by storage potential: geological, technical, techno-economic, and engineering capacities. This study also presents evaluation levels (prediction, control, technically recoverable, and engineering) that support effective reservoir selection, potential classification, and calculations considering factors like reservoir stability and sealing efficacy. Depending on application needs, volumetric or mechanistic methods are recommended, with precise determination of geological, displacement, and cost coefficients. For China, a dynamic evaluation mechanism characterized by multi-scale, tiered approaches and increasing precision over time is essential for robust storage potential assessment. The levels and methods outlined here serve as a scientific foundation for regional and stage-based comparisons, guiding engineering approvals and underground space management. To align with practical engineering demands, ongoing innovation through laboratory experiments, simulations, and field practice is crucial, supporting continual refinement of formulas and key parameter determinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of its climate action policy, Indonesia prioritizes the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) facilities. Recognizing the necessity of reducing emissions, Indonesia is aggressively implementing novel carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. This paper gives a detailed assessment of Indonesia's CCS potential, covering CO2 emission profiles, storage capabilities, active projects, economic feasibility, and policy frameworks. Indonesia plans to cut carbon emissions by 29% by 2030 and reach net zero emissions by 2050. With 15 CCUS projects set to begin by 2026, the government is making tremendous progress toward its targets. The concept includes pilot projects, feasibility studies, and phased adoption of CCUS using existing oil and gas infrastructure. Initiatives such as Tangguh CO2-EGR and Gundih CCS show how smaller-scale projects may pave the way for larger ones. Economic cost assessments show that natural gas processing plants producing high-purity CO2 are the most cost-effective for CCUS. Regulatory developments, such as MEMR February 2023 and Presidential Order No.14/2024, highlight the importance of supporting policies in promoting local and international collaboration. Despite advances, there are still gaps in long-term performance data, risk assessments, and economic consequences for industries such as iron, steel, cement, and chemicals. Future studies should fill these gaps by concentrating on environmental implications, economic viability across several industries, legal and financial obligations, integration with renewable energy sources, and socioeconomic repercussions. Collaborative efforts among government, business, and academia will be critical for the effective development and deployment of CCUS technology following Indonesia's climate goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ventral hernia surgery (VHS) has the intent to promote a better quality of life (QoL). VHS results were evaluated by recurrence incidence in the past, however the concept of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures has changed this scenario. SF-36 is a generic questionnaire with some limitations on the hernioplasty postoperative evaluation. Disease-specific surveys such Hernia-Related Quality of Life Survey (HerQLes) and Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) were developed to improve specificity. The aim of this study was to validate a Brazilian version of the CCS as a QoL questionnaire for patients undergoing VHS in Brazil. Materials and methods: The study consists of a retrospective cohort that reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent ventral hernia surgery for incisional hernias in the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre between January 2019 to December 2020. Participants answered both the HerQles questionnaire and the CCS, then we compared the patients' scores between scales. In-personal evaluations or surveys applied by telemedicine were performed. Intraclass correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the consistency of the agreement between the HerQLes and CCS scales. Results: A sample of 80 patients were evaluated. Most were male (70%), mean age 61.11 years and BMI 28.4. The most common comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension, one third were smokers and 77.5% of cases were ASA 2. The average HerQLes score was 30.40 and the CCS was 15.46 (SD: 21.81), with an intraclass coefficient of 0.68. Conclusion: This study suggests that CCS is a good and robust tool for assessing ventral hernia. Tools to measure QoL are increasingly used in the literature, as QoL seems to be important data to assess surgical success, since it shows the perception of the patient about the results of their surgery. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be performed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Possible deterioration of a rock's structure and mechanical properties due to chemical reactions between the host rock, formation water, and CO2 requires due attention. In this study, cylindrical sandstone specimens obtained from the Hanna Formation, Wyoming, were prepared under three treatment conditions: dry, submerged in water, and treated with water + CO2 for one week at a pressure of 5 MPa and room temperature. Specimens were subjected to three effective confining pressures of 5, 15, and 25 MPa. The mechanical test results show that water + CO2 treatment, on average, decreases the peak strength and elastic modulus of the specimens by 36% and 20%, respectively, compared to dry specimens. For all three effective confining pressures, the dry specimens exhibited higher compressive strengths, larger Young's moduli, and more brittle behavior. CO2-treated specimens showed significantly lower calcite contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cooling station is an intermediate establishment between rural properties and milk processing industries. To ensure competitiveness and meet consumer demands and legislation, producers and companies need to comply with the application and monitoring of procedures and programs for sanitary hygienic safety and improvement of the quality of milk and its derivatives. The objective of this study was to verify the level of compliance with self-control programs (SCP) in a milk refrigeration station and the follow-up of good production practices in the respective rural properties supplying milk. To verify the compliance of the SCP implemented in the company, a checklist was elaborated based on the current legislation, and the monitoring was followed through visual observation and interviews with employees. We also used SCC and TPC data from 4 producers who adopted good production practices in obtaining milk and from 4 producers who did not adopt good practices for comparison. The percentage of attendance of the self-control programs found was 72.33%, presenting nonconformities within some elements of inspection. The compliance with the legislation about to the values of SCC and TPC was higher for those producers who produced by Good Practices, the results showed that the refrigeration station does not meet in compliance with all the items of verification of the SCP. And that the adoption of good production practices could influence the values of SCC and TPC.

A cutaneous carcinosarcoma (cCS) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer characterized by both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (mesenchymal) components, making it a biphasic tumor. Despite its occurrence in various organs, a cCS is exceptionally rare in the skin, predominantly affecting older males. The etiology of a cCS is unclear, but it may originate from a single progenitor cell capable of dual differentiation or from a collision of carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Clinically, a cCS presents as a rapidly growing, painful, ulcerated nodule or plaque on sun-exposed skin, with a high risk of local invasion and metastasis. Histopathologically, a cCS includes various epithelial components, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, along with undifferentiated sarcomatous components resembling atypical fibroxanthoma. The tumor may also exhibit heterologous differentiation like angiosarcomatous or rhabdomyosarcomatous features. We present three cases of a cCS, highlighting their clinical and histological characteristics and comparing them with previously reported cases. Understanding a cCS is complicated by its rarity and diverse presentation, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimal management.

At COP28, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage was declared a removal technology whose application must be accelerated. In 2017, the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) published the CO2 Storage Resource Management System (SRMS) as a framework for stakeholder communication. The SRMS guidelines were designed to support the creation of reports that inform readers regarding the contingencies that must be overcome to obtain project approval, uncertainty in the mass of CO2 that can be stored, and the commerciality of the project. However, working examples where the SRMS has been used to communicate project status in the public domain are limited. In 2023, the authors of this paper referred to the SRMS as the standard for completing an expert report, termed a Competent Persons Report (CPR), for the Viking Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) development in the United Kingdom. During the application of the SRMS framework, challenges were identified in conveying the progress made by the project proponent in identifying and addressing technical risks. This paper describes innovations developed to supplement the SRMS guidelines and improve communication with stakeholders. First, a flowchart was developed to explain a vital interpretation of the SRMS. Next, a defined framework of technical milestones was designed to assess the maturity of a given technical topic within the SRMS. This framework was combined with radial data visualization. The combination allowed multiple storage sites to be compared simultaneously and allowed stakeholders to quickly identify the maturity of technical analysis for any given site. We conclude that improving the consistency and clarity of CCS reporting to stakeholders can help build trust in this emerging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cutaneous carcinosarcoma (cCS) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer characterized by both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (mesenchymal) components, making it a biphasic tumor. Despite its occurrence in various organs, a cCS is exceptionally rare in the skin, predominantly affecting older males. The etiology of a cCS is unclear, but it may originate from a single progenitor cell capable of dual differentiation or from a collision of carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Clinically, a cCS presents as a rapidly growing, painful, ulcerated nodule or plaque on sun-exposed skin, with a high risk of local invasion and metastasis. Histopathologically, a cCS includes various epithelial components, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, along with undifferentiated sarcomatous components resembling atypical fibroxanthoma. The tumor may also exhibit heterologous differentiation like angiosarcomatous or rhabdomyosarcomatous features. We present three cases of a cCS, highlighting their clinical and histological characteristics and comparing them with previously reported cases. Understanding a cCS is complicated by its rarity and diverse presentation, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial exhaust gases and gas fields are two significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that contribute to the rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. Among the various emission reduction systems, the CCSU (Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization) system has garnered extensive attention and research. This research aims to obtain the superstructure network sequentially in the CCSU system using GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). A mathematical approach was developed to optimize the amount of CO2 stored and utilized by varying the time difference (dt) between the source and sink from 0 to 10 years. After calculating the economic potential (EP), it was found that the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) system for both sources has a negative impact. In contrast, the CCSU system enhances the economic potential (EP) by generating a positive value. This is possible as the captured CO2 can be sold to the utilization sink, thereby creating a revenue stream. The EP for CO2 reduction from gas fields is greater than that from the industry, 21.68 × 106 USD compared to 12.50 × 106 USD at dt min10 years. The CCSU system, when utilizing CO2 sources from gas fields, is more profitable compared to using industrial emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative color schlieren technique is renowned for its capacity to convert deflection angles into color ratios. This technique has been instrumental in providing data on 2D flows. The current study delves into assessing how the geometry and optical characteristics of color filters impact the sensitivity of the schlieren system. At present, there are many papers making the assumption that implementing a larger-sized color filter leads to better system sensitivity. However, having more calibration filter positions can lead to measurement errors due to the difficult calibration process. The present investigation focuses on the type of color filters created with a gradual evolution of colors. A turbulent, round water vapor jet serves as the test case. By comparing the results obtained with two different filter sizes, this analysis gives insight into the compromises made between system sensitivity and ease of calibration, helping one to better understand the trade-offs between the above-mentioned parameters. Moreover, the quantitative and qualitative results of the test case are presented to offer more comprehensive insights into quantitative color-calibrated schlieren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nonwoven upholstery fabric is a waste product which is mainly generated during upholstered furniture production. The polyester composition makes it problematic to recycle and reuse this product. This study examined the manufacturing process of nonwoven fabric-reinforced plywood composites and their selected mechanical and physical properties. Nonwoven fabric was integrated between veneers bound with urea–formaldehyde resin to improve standard layered composites' mechanical and physical properties. Several board variants were produced, differing in the position of the nonwoven layers in the composite structure. The composites were evaluated for modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond, and screw withdrawal resistance, among others. The results showed that the addition of nonwoven fabric significantly improved some properties, like internal bond and screw withdrawal resistance. Variants with strategically placed nonwoven layers showed the highest performance increases. The results underscore the potential of nonwoven fabric as an effective reinforcing material, offering a path to developing high-performance plywood composites suitable for demanding applications. Another environmental advantage is that the nonwoven fabric waste used in the tested plywood production has not been subjected to burning or landfilling but, through its incorporation into plywood structure, has positively contributed to the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) policy. The findings advocate for a circular economy approach, in which industrial waste is effectively repurposed, contributing to the development of green materials in the wood-based composite industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced-scale CO2 release experiments in shallow aquifers serve as crucial monitoring strategies for detecting unintended CO2 leakage into potable aquifers within Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects. Understanding site-specific geological, hydrogeological, and climatic features is essential. However, accurately tracing changes in groundwater quality due to this process and using hydrochemical parameters for CO2 leakage diagnosis require establishing a solid, seasonally relevant baseline to avoid misinterpretation. This study focuses on detailing the geological, hydrogeological, and geophysical characteristics of the TECNOPUC-Viamão CO2 controlled-release experimental site in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It presents a comprehensive three-year investigation into the seasonal natural background hydrochemistry. Field characterization involved recognition boreholes, in-situ infiltration and Slug Tests, topographic surveys, DC resistivity measurements, and groundwater sampling campaigns for physicochemical, major, minor, trace elements, and δ¹³C-DIC evaluation. Results indicate the area comprises a granite-derived multilayer phreatic aquifer with two distinct hydrostratigraphic units (St and Aa). These units differ in lithological composition, hydraulic conductivities (St: 10− 4 m/s, Aa: 10− 8 m/s), apparent resistivities, and physicochemical and hydrochemical compositions. The St unit shows slightly neutral pH, higher temperature, EC, ORP, DO, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Sr, B, HCO3−, and DIC concentrations, with δ¹³C-DIC between − 3 to -8‰. Conversely, the Aa unit displays slightly acidic pH, lower temperature, EC, ORP, higher DO fluctuation, Na, SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, Zn, Al, Ni concentrations, lower HCO3−, DIC levels, with δ¹³C-DIC ranging between − 6 to -11‰. Additionally, seasonal monitoring campaign revealed that there is a clear temperature-related influence on K, Na and trace elements (Fe, Ba, Mn, Al, B, and Zn) behavior (but not in Ca, Mg, Sr and Ni), which could impact further interpretation of the results during the upcoming CO2 injection phase, and that the Control Charts can confidently serve as a valuable tool in understanding the inherent natural hydrochemical trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents carbon capture and storage, CCS, as a climate change mitigation method. Many industrial processes, such as the manufacture of cement, the metallurgical industry, and the production of electricity from fossil fuels, produce large CO2 quantities. Carbon capture and storage is a method for these industrial areas to become carbon neutral for the environment. To combat climate change, the EU wants to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, and this goal, along with an intermediate goal of reducing emissions by 55% by 2030, is enshrined in the European Climate Law. The EU has launched various initiatives to achieve these goals, one of which is the 'Fit for 55' legislation. The first step that countries wanting to apply these technologies must take is the evaluation of the underground CO2 storage potential. The potential for CO2 storage in the depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs in Oltenia, one of the eight regions of Romania, makes it possible to develop safe long-term storage projects for the neighboring power plants currently producing energy from burning coal or hydrocarbons. The results of dynamic simulations of CO2 storage in one of these geological structures, Bradesti, which hosts depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, using a numerical simulator are successfully presented for the neighboring Isalnita Power Plant. In this case, the impact on the environment and climate will be minimal and in alignment with the European Union's long-term objectives. Our study also opens the path for future similar analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundation industries in the UK were responsible for emitting 42 Mt CO2eq in 2020, which is approximately 10% of the yearly territorial greenhouse gas emissions. The UK government decarbonisation roadmap issued in 2015 predicted that high-tech strategies such as carbon capture and utilisation, hydrogen and biofuels, as well as electrification of processes are key for achieving the climate mitigating targets by 2050. In this study, a critical assessment was performed on the limitations to achieve these high-tech strategies such as biomass availability, capital investment, and technology readiness. The study is the first to use the UK carbon budget values as the resource limit for the high-tech decarbonisation strategies. The findings show that the significant uncertainty associated with the high-tech scenarios limits their decarbonisation potential by 2050. More importantly, to stay within the mid-century carbon budget for the foundation industries, 20–40% reduction in production, through circular economic strategies such as material efficiency and/or changes in product specifications, is required in order to achieve the decarbonisation targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the market for carbon management capacity via carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies, identifying demand and supply forces, as well as clarifying the potential impact of market and non-market-based shocks on technology developers versus adopters. The paper addresses a prevailing gap in market analysis, introducing a microeconomic framework and unique dataset to identify key players, market forces, and policy incentives shaping the carbon capture, utilization, and storage landscape. The analysis equips industry stakeholders, policymakers, and investors with valuable insights regarding (1) leaders in the design, development, and manufacture of carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies (supply), (2) early technology adopters (demand) who are at the forefront in the pursuit of sustainable carbon management, and (3) the need to use both market and non-market forces to achieve decarbonization across multiple sectors.

Background: Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of adverse events due to the higher number of drugs used. This is particularly notable in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), who are known to use a large number of drugs. Therefore, we investigated polypharmacy in patients with CCS, using CLIDAS, a multicenter database of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Method and results: Between 2017 and 2020, 1411 CCS patients (71.5 ± 10.5 years old; 77.3 % male) were enrolled. The relationship between cardiovascular events occurring during the median follow-up of 514 days and the number of drugs at the time of PCI was investigated. The median number of drugs prescribed was nine. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, transient ischemic attack, or unstable angina, occurred in 123 patients, and all-cause mortality occurred in 68 patients. For each additional drug, the adjusted hazard ratios for MACE and all-cause mortality increased by 2.069 (p = 0.003) and 1.102 (p = 0.010). The adjusted hazard ratios for MACE and all-cause mortality were significantly higher in the group using nine or more drugs compared to the group using eight or fewer drugs (1.646 and 2.253, both p

Decarbonization of transportation fuels represents one of the most vexing challenges for climate change mitigation. Biofuels derived from corn starch have offered modest life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions over fossil fuels. Here we show that capture and storage of CO2 emissions from corn ethanol fermentation achieves ∼58% reduction in the GHG intensity (CI) of ethanol at a levelized cost of 52 $/tCO2e abated. The integration of an oxyfuel boiler enables further CO2 capture at modest cost. This system yields a 75% reduction in CI to 15 gCO2e/MJ at a minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) of $2.24/gallon ($0.59/L), a $0.31/gallon ($0.08/L) increase relative to the baseline no intervention case. The levelized cost of carbon abatement is 84 $/tCO2e. Sensitivity analysis reveals that carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative ethanol can be achieved when oxyfuel carbon capture is stacked with low-CI alternatives to grid power and fossil natural gas. Conservatively, fermentation and oxyfuel CCS can reduce the CI of conventional ethanol by a net 44-50 gCO2/MJ. Full implementation of interventions explored in the sensitivity analysis would reduce CI by net 79-85 gCO2/MJ. Integrated oxyfuel and fermentation CCS is shown to be cost-effective under existing U.S. policy, offering near-term abatement opportunities.

The extraction of current characteristics from the opening and closing coils is a crucial method for monitoring the state of high-voltage circuit breakers. Based on the waveform patterns of the opening and closing coil currents in high-voltage circuit breakers， the paper investigates a corner point extraction method of current waveform based on local thresholds of curvature scale space （CCS）. Subsequently， the characteristic curves of current at actual corner points are used to precisely monitor the mechanical state of high-voltage circuit breakers. Calculations based on the measured opening and closing coil currents from high-voltage circuit breakers in a specific substation indicate that the proposed local threshold method of the CCS can accurately identify the waveform features of the opening and closing coil currents. The mechanical state monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers based on the characteristic curves of opening and closing coil currents shows excellent results. The research findings can provide crucial references for the mechanical state monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.

With the overconsumption of fossil carbon resources, resulting in a large amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, caused by global climate change has become one of the major challenges facing all mankind. At the same time, the development and utilization of coal resources will produce a large amount of coal-based solid wastes containing calcium and magnesium, such as fly ash, desulfurization gypsum and other solid wastes. How to realize efficient CO2 capture and sequestration is a very challenging issue nowadays, as well as the large-scale comprehensive utilization of fly ash, coal gasification slag, and other large-scale heavy polluting industrial solid wastes is still in need of a breakthrough. Under the goal of “double carbon”, CO2 mineralization from coal-based solid waste is a potential strategy to effectively address global warming, and mineral carbonation of coal-based solid wastes containing calcium and magnesium has great prospects for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) as well as for the resource-based disposal of solid waste. However, the industrial application bottleneck of CO2 mineralization in coal-based solid waste is still unable to break through. This paper reviews the current development of CO2 mineralization from fly ash (FA), desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), and coal gasification slag (CGS), with the aim of exploring the reasons for their technical limitations. Firstly, this paper briefly elaborates on the pathways for CO2 mineralization of coal based solid waste, revealing the reaction process and principles of CO2 mineralization of coal based solid waste. Secondly, the mineralization potential and process of typical coal-based solid waste were summarized and compared to clarify the mechanism of the regulation of the process parameters on the product properties during CO2 mineralization process. Finally, the performance of CO2 mineralization products from coal-based solid waste was summarized, and the feasibility of the mineralization process and its environmental impact were elucidated using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This paper will provide optimization suggestions on the process technology of coal-based solid waste CO2 mineralization to promote the strategic goal of low-carbon transformation in the coal industry.

The implementation of emission reduction and carbon reduction measures and the implementation of the “double carbon” goal are important transformation opportunity for coal chemical enterprises to move towards high-end,diversified and low-carbon development. Shaanxi Coal Industry Group Yulin Chemical planned a 4 million ton/year carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage (CCS) demonstration project and carried out a 400000 ton/year pilot test project to help the country reach carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Based on the experience of Shenhua 100000 ton CCS demonstration project and CO2 produced in the 1.8 million ton/year ethylene glycol project, two supercritical CO2 storage processes, high purity (98.94%) and low purity (77.78%), are designed in this paper; Based on the understanding of Triassic and Permian salt water layers in the eastern Ordos Basin, three sets of geological salt water layers (Liujiagou Formation, Shiqianfeng Formation and Shihezi Formation) with good physical properties and great CO2 storage potential were found.After in-depth evaluation and analysis of CO2 storage layer cover and storage capacity, it is believed that the best storage environment for CO2 in salt water layer over 1000 meters. By designing four injection and storage Wells and combining with the numerical simulation method, the storage operation mechanism of 400000 ton/year CO2 is studied and analyzed, and it is theoretically feasible; It is designed to use PNX logging, downhole optical fiber sensing and surface InSAR monitoring methods to build an integrated monitoring and management platform for CO2 from wellbore to reservoir and then to reservoir diffusion; From the perspective of CCS’s current economic and technological costs, industrial policy development, opportunities and challenges,the development of CCS in coal mining chemical industry has great potential.

Abstract Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread fungal pathogen responsible for significant crop losses across the globe. The challenge of breeding resistant varieties is exacerbated by the fungus's sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms. A pivotal factor in the host-pathogen interaction is the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within both the fungi and the host plants. However, there is currently no efficient strategy to leverage this interaction mechanism for developing disease-resistant crop varieties. Here, we introduce an engineered ROS scavenging system designated as syn-ROS for impairing ROS neutralization in S. sclerotiorum while concurrently fortifying it in the host. The syn-ROS system comprises gene silencing constructs targeting the S. sclerotiorum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SsSOD) and its copper chaperone (SsCCS), alongside overexpression constructs for the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOD1 and AtCCS. Transgenic plants carrying the syn-ROS system demonstrated a marked enhancement in resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Upon infection, the expression of SsSOD and SsCCS was reduced, while the expression of AtSOD1 and AtCCS was enhanced in syn-ROS transgenic plants. Moreover, the infected syn-ROS plants showed decreased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and elevated ROS concentrations within the fungal cells. In contrast, the cells of A. thaliana manifested increased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and lowered ROS levels. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel and promising approach for contriving plants with robust resistance by synthetically manipulating ROS scavenging activities in the interaction between the host and S. sclerotiorum.

Abstract Disc cutters are essential for full-section hard-rock tunnel boring machines. The performance of these devices directly affects tunnel engineering costs and duration. This paper proposes a sinusoidal variable cross-section (VCS) cutter ring and design method and establishes a digital model. Rock-like materials are simulated with a finite element model, and the model validity is verified via rock simulation mechanics tests. A disc cutter rolling rock simulation model for a linear cutting machine is also established, and simulation tests are performed for single- and three-cutter rolling using sinusoidal VCSs and constant cross-section (CCS) cutter models, respectively. The stress and energy changes for the cutters and rock-like material damage area were compared via simulation, confirming that some sinusoidal VCS cutter rings do less work on rock-like materials and cause larger crushing areas under the same engineering parameters; therefore, these cutter rings have smaller specific energies. The sinusoidal VCS cutter ring performance is 7% greater than that of CCS on average under single-cutter simulation, and the intermediate cutter performance of the intermediate cutter is 9% greater than that of CCS on average under three-cutter simulation. Thus, sinusoidal VCS cutter rings offer improved rock damage performance, and further research and application of this technology will improve the working efficiency of tunnel boring machines.

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Gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) is an essential support material in dry sorbents used to capture CO2 from flue gas. This study explores the deactivation of potassium-based γ-Al2O3 sorbents due to by-products such as KAl(CO3)(OH)2 during CO2 capture. We synthesized sorbents with K2CO3 loadings of 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt% and subjected them to repeated capture and regeneration cycles. The results show significant variations in the deactivation degree: the sorbent with 5 wt% K2CO3 exhibited a 100% deactivation rate, while the 30 wt% variant showed a markedly reduced rate of 44.6%. These findings highlight the impact of the formation of KAl(CO3)(OH)2 at the interface between K2CO3 and γ-Al2O3 on sorbent deactivation. An equation that can be used to predict the final CO2 capture capacity based on the ratio of active material to support was proposed using these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a robust microporous aluminum tetracarboxylate framework, MIL‐120(Al)‐AP, (MIL, AP: Institute Lavoisier and Ambient Pressure synthesis, respectively) is reported, which exhibits high CO2 uptake (1.9 mmol g−1 at 0.1 bar, 298 K). In situ Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements together with Monte Carlo simulations reveal that this structure offers a favorable CO2 capture configuration with the pores being decorated with a high density of µ2‐OH groups and accessible aromatic rings. Meanwhile, based on calculations and experimental evidence, moderate host‐guest interactions Qst (CO2) value of MIL‐120(Al)‐AP (−40 kJ mol−1) is deduced, suggesting a relatively low energy penalty for full regeneration. Moreover, an environmentally friendly ambient pressure green route, relying on inexpensive raw materials, is developed to prepare MIL‐120(Al)‐AP at the kilogram scale with a high yield while the Metal‐ Organic Framework (MOF) is further shaped with inorganic binders as millimeter‐sized mechanically stable beads. First evidences of its efficient CO2/N2 separation ability are validated by breakthrough experiments while operando IR experiments indicate a kinetically favorable CO2 adsorption over water. Finally, a techno‐economic analysis gives an estimated production cost of ≈ 13 $ kg−1, significantly lower than for other benchmark MOFs. These advancements make MIL‐120(Al)‐AP an excellent candidate as an adsorbent for industrial‐scale CO2 capture processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) operations use the direct injection of CO2 in a gaseous phase from the surface as a carbon carrier. Due to CO2 properties under reservoir conditions with lower density and viscosity than in situ brine, CO2 flux is mainly gravity-dominated. CO2 moves toward the top and accumulates below the top seal, thus reinforcing the risk of possible leakage to the surface through unexpected hydraulic paths (e.g., reactivated faults, fractures, and abandoned wells) or in sites without an effective sealing caprock. Considering the risks, the potential benefits of the interplay between CO2 and an aqueous solution of formate ions (HCOO¯) were evaluated when combined to control CO2 gravity segregation in porous media. Three combined strategies were evaluated and compared with those where either pure CO2 or a formate solution was injected. The first strategy consisted of a pre-flush of formate solution followed by continuous CO2 injection, and it was not effective in controlling the vertical propagation of the CO2 plume. However, the injection of a formate solution slug in a continuous or alternated way, simultaneously with the CO2 continuous injection, was effective in slowing down the vertical migration of the CO2 plume and keeping it permanently stationary deeper than the surface depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of CO2 in geological structures on mineralogical changes in rocks and assess the sequestration capacity in mineral form and solution of a potential pilot storage site in the Czech Republic. Rock samples from a dolomite reservoir and the overburden level, as well as the corresponding pore water, were used. The most important chemical process occurring in the reservoir rock is the dissolution of carbonate minerals and feldspars during the injection of CO2 into the structure, which increases the porosity of the structure by approximately 0.25 percentage points and affects the sequestration capacity of the reservoir rock. According to the results of geochemical modeling, the secondary carbonate minerals (dolomite, siderite, and ephemeral dawsonite) were present only during the first 50 years of storage, and the porosity at this stage decreased by 1.20 pp. In the caprocks, the decomposition of K-feldspar and calcite resulted in an increase in porosity by 0.15 percentage points at the injection stage only, while no changes in porosity were noted during storage. This suggests that their insulation efficiency can be maintained during the injection and post-injection periods. However, further experimental research is needed to support this observation. The results of this study indicate that the analyzed formation has a low potential for CO2 sequestration in mineral form and solution over 10,000 years of storage, amounting to 5.50 kg CO2/m3 for reservoir rocks (4.37 kg CO2/m3 in mineral form and 1.13 kg CO2/m3 in dissolved form) and 3.22 kg CO2/m3 for caprock rocks (3.01 kg CO2/m3 in mineral form and 0.21 kg CO2/m3 in dissolved form). These values are lower than in the case of the depleted Brodské oil field, which is a porous reservoir located in the Moravian part of the Vienna Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale (C-CCS) in a Chinese sample of preschool-aged children with minimal verbal skills. A total of 120 children with autism spectrum disorders or children with developmental delays aged 2 to 5 years with minimal verbal skills (i.e., produced less than 20 functional words) were recruited to complete the C-CCS. First, we tested the protocol with 20 children and shortened it based on their results. Second, the interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity for 100 participants were examined. C-CCS scores were compared with scores from the Chinese Communicative Development Inventories (CCDI) for concurrent validity. Ten C-CCS interactive scripts were administered to 100 participants. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between independent observers were high. The ICCs for overall optimal scores, optimal BR scores and optimal JA scores were 0.978, 0.971 and 0.977 respectively. Agreement for scores within scripted opportunities and communication level were high-Kappa coefficients 0.869 and 1.000 respectively. The test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.911). A moderate correlation was found between the C-CCS and the CCDI (r = 0.401). The results indicate that C-CCS could be used as a measurement tool in research and clinical practice to describe communication levels in children with minimal verbal skills in China. The Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale was developed through a rigorous cultural adaptation process. The evidence shows that the Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale is a reliable and valid tool for children with minimal verbal skills in China. The Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale can be used in research and clinical practice to assess the general level of social communication skills of Chinese children who mainly communicate using preverbal communication and develop intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planned pilot CO2 storage Zar-3 is an oil field with a gas cap in the final production stage in the SE Czech Republic. It is composed of a dolomite Jurassic reservoir sealed by three different formations that differ significantly in lithology. Previous studies left open questions on the nature of pore space and connectivity and the quality of the seal in the future CO2 storage complex. Microscopic petrography of the reservoir suggests dolomitisation in shallow water followed by karstification and brecciation with fracture-correct-dominated porosity. The seal horizons have porosity limited to the micro- and nanoscales. The oil consists of significantly biodegraded black oil of Jurassic origin mixed with less biodegraded gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Biomarkers in the caprock bitumens trapped in nanopores show a genetic relationship to the reservoir oil. Gas in the not yet fully depleted gas cap of the field is of thermogenic origin with no contribution of microbial methane. The formation water has total dissolved solids typical of isolated brines not diluted by infiltrated fresh water. The geochemical characteristics of the storage system together with the fact that the initial oil column is about 105 m tall with another 150 m of gas cap suggest that the seals are efficient and the Zar-3 future storage complex is tight and safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread fungal pathogen responsible for significant crop losses across the globe. The challenge of breeding resistant varieties is exacerbated by the fungus's sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms. A pivotal factor in the host-pathogen interaction is the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within both the fungi and the host plants. However, there is currently no efficient strategy to leverage this interaction mechanism for developing disease-resistant crop varieties. Here, we introduce an engineered ROS scavenging system designated as syn-ROS for impairing ROS neutralization in S. sclerotiorum while concurrently fortifying it in the host. The syn-ROS system comprises gene silencing constructs targeting the S. sclerotiorum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SsSOD) and its copper chaperone (SsCCS), alongside overexpression constructs for the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOD1 and AtCCS. Transgenic plants carrying the syn-ROS system demonstrated a marked enhancement in resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Upon infection, the expression of SsSOD and SsCCS was reduced, while the expression of AtSOD1 and AtCCS was enhanced in syn-ROS transgenic plants. Moreover, the infected syn-ROS plants showed decreased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and elevated ROS concentrations within the fungal cells. In contrast, the cells of A. thaliana manifested increased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and lowered ROS levels. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel and promising approach for contriving plants with robust resistance by synthetically manipulating ROS scavenging activities in the interaction between the host and S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) stands as a pivotal technological stride toward a sustainable future, with the practice of injecting supercritical CO2 into subsurface formations being already an established practice for enhanced oil recovery operations. The overarching objective of CCS is to protract the operational viability and sustainability of platforms and oilfields, thereby facilitating a seamless transition towards sustainable practices. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for optimizing well placement in CCS operations, employing a derivative-free method known as Bayesian Optimization. The development plan is tailored for scenarios featuring aquifers devoid of flow boundaries, incorporating production wells tasked with controlling pressure buildup and injection wells dedicated to CO2 sequestration. Notably, the wells operate under group control, signifying predefined injection and production targets and constraints that must be adhered to throughout the project's lifespan. As a result, the objective function remains invariant under specific permutations of the well locations. Our investigation delves into the efficacy of Bayesian Optimization under the introduced permutation invariance. The results reveal that it demonstrates critical efficiency in handling the optimization task extremely fast. In essence, this study advocates for the efficacy of Bayesian Optimization in the context of optimizing well placement for CCS operations, emphasizing its potential as a preferred methodology for enhancing sustainability in the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shear wave velocity (Vs) has significant applications in geoengineering investigations. With the ongoing rise in carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives, the role of Vs in monitoring the CO2 sequestration sites is escalating. Although many studies have been conducted to assess CCS-induced risks, no inclusive research has been conducted integrating those investigations. This study strives to collate and integrate the applications of Vs in geoscience with an emphasis on CCS risk assessment. Based on this research, major CCS-induced risks were detected: induced seismicity, caprock failure, groundwater contamination, fault reactivation, and reservoir deformation. These risks were inclusively described, and the mathematical formulations incorporating the Vs parameter in risk analysis were elaborated. It was concluded that Vs applications can be further extended in monitoring CO2 plume migration, optimizing CO2 injection pressures, preventing shallow water contamination, and predicting CCS-induced seismic events. All these applications require fully coupled hydromechanical analysis based on poroelasticity theory. Hence, various factors including pore pressure, in situ stresses, faults distribution, and poroelastic parameters must be carefully determined before the CO2 injection phase. The mathematical formulations presented in the present study are quite applicable for granting the safety and long-term success of subsurface carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure mechanism of thermal gate oxide in silicon carbide (SiC) power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), whether it is field-driven breakdown or charge-driven breakdown, has always been a controversial topic. Previous studies have demonstrated that the failure time of thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) on SiC stressed with a constant voltage is indicated as charge driven rather than field driven through the observation of Weibull Slope β. Considering the importance of the accurate failure mechanism for the thermal gate oxide lifetime prediction model of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), charge-driven breakdown needs to be further fundamentally justified. In this work, the charge-to-breakdown ( Q B D ) of the thermal gate oxide in a type of commercial planar SiC power MOSFETs, under the constant current stress (CCS), constant voltage stress (CVS), and pulsed voltage stress (PVS) are extracted, respectively. A mathematical electron trapping model in thermal SiO2 grown on single crystal silicon (Si) under CCS, which was proposed by M. Liang et al., is proven to work equally well with thermal SiO2 grown on SiC and used to deduce the Q B D model of the device under test (DUT). Compared with the Q B D obtained under the three stress conditions, the charge-driven breakdown mechanism is validated in the thermal gate oxide of SiC power MOSFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onshore gas-to-wire is considered for 6.5 MMSm3/d of natural gas, with 44% mol carbon dioxide coming from offshore deep-water oil and gas fields. Base-case GTW-CONV is a conventional natural gas combined cycle, with a single-pressure Rankine cycle and 100% carbon dioxide emissions. The second variant, GTW-CCS, results from GTW-CONV with the addition of post-combustion aqueous monoethanolamine carbon capture, coupled to carbon dioxide dispatch to enhance oil recovery. Despite investment and power penalties, GTW-CCS generates both environmental and economic benefits due to carbon dioxide's monetization for enhanced oil production. The third variant, GTW-CCS-EGR, adds two intensification layers over GTW-CCS, as follows: exhaust gas recycle and a triple-pressure Rankine cycle. Exhaust gas recycle is a beneficial intensification for carbon capture, bringing a 60% flue gas reduction (reduces column's diameters) and a more than 100% increase in flue gas carbon dioxide content (increases driving force, reducing column's height). GTW-CONV, GTW-CCS, and GTW-CCS-EGR were analyzed on techno-economic and environment–thermodynamic grounds. GTW-CCS-EGR's thermodynamic analysis unveils 807 MW lost work (79.8%) in the combined cycle, followed by the post-combustion capture unit with 113 MW lost work (11.2%). GTW-CCS-EGR achieved a 35.34% thermodynamic efficiency, while GTW-CONV attained a 50.5% thermodynamic efficiency and 56% greater electricity exportation. Although carbon capture and storage imposes a 35.9% energy penalty, GTW-CCS-EGR reached a superior net value of 1816 MMUSD thanks to intensification and carbon dioxide monetization, avoiding 505.8 t/h of carbon emissions (emission factor 0.084 tCO2/MWh), while GTW-CONV entails 0.642 tCO2/MWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study underscores the critical role of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and addresses the potential for CCS projects in saline aquifers in Brazil, one of the world's largest carbon emitters. The country's ability to adopt CCS is significantly influenced by the availability of data related to regional CO2 storage potential and identifying suitable geological framework for CO2 injection. While oil and gas reservoirs have traditionally been prioritized, saline aquifers represent an underexplored and potentially higher capacity storage option. Despite Brazil's 31 sedimentary basins, the data quantity and availability for these contexts remain insufficient for advanced studies on the geological storage of CO2 considering saline aquifers. An initial study was conducted indicating five potential targets in the Paraná and Potiguar Basins for geological storage in saline aquifers based on available public data, mainly drilling data. This review reveals substantial challenges related to the evaluation of Brazil's CO2 storage capacity, such as the lack of modern seismic studies, the absence of a regulatory framework for CO2 storage, and insufficient investment in new well exploration. These challenges necessitate multistakeholder collaboration, the development of a supportive regulatory environment, and investment in extensive site characterization campaigns. Addressing these barriers is fundamental to realizing the country's CCS potential and contributing to global decarbonization efforts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing consumption of oil in the world and increasing production of oil from oil reservoirs, the reservoir pressure starts to decrease. On the other side, the use of oil leads to an increase in carbon dioxide production in the environment and causes global warming. One of the effective methods of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere and increasing the reservoir's pressure is CO2‐EOR and carbon capturing and storing (CCS) which injects produced carbon dioxide from industrial sources into underground reservoirs. Carbon dioxide reduces oil viscosity and increases oil mobility producing an economical state. Moreover, with CO2‐EOR and CCS carbon dioxide can be stored in a depleted reservoir and helps reduce pollution and global warming. Besides the environmental and economic benefits due to reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and increasing oil production, CO2 injection causes various problems in the formation. Many experiments indicate that asphaltene precipitation and wettability alteration caused by asphaltene, dissolution/precipitation of rock, salt precipitation, and sludge formation are some of the problems that occur during CO2 injection operations in low pressure and temperature. However, few experiments evaluate asphaltene precipitation effective factors, such as pressure, injection rates, temperature, etc., in high temperatures and pressure (HPHT) near reservoir conditions. Therefore, there was a need for a comprehensive investigation of various factors and the impact of each of them on the asphaltene precipitation and formation damage in HPHT conditions, so this research was designed to help future simulation and industrial utilization. A core‐flood setup was prepared to conduct CO2 flooding experiments and formation damage studies in HPHT conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different parameters including pressure, injection rate, and type of injected gas on asphaltene and its effect on formation damage caused by CO2 injection. The second goal of this study was to investigate the optimum injection in every section. The third goal was to determine the oil recovery during the process of CO2 injection in different conditions. The results showed that an injection rate of 0.1 cc/min and higher injection pressures minimized asphaltene precipitation and maximized oil recovery. Replacing CO2 with natural gas liquids (NGL) gas reduced oil production and asphaltene precipitation. Overall, the experiments demonstrated the importance of optimizing injection parameters to limit formation damage during CO2 flooding. © 2024 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]