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1. Remote sensing of droplet number concentration in warm clouds: A review of the current state of knowledge and perspectives

Author

Hartwig Deneke, Graham Feingold, Kenneth Sinclair, Paquita Zuidema, Brian Cairns, J. Christine Chiu, Frank Werner, Manfred Wendisch, Andrew S. Ackerman, Daniel T. McCoy, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Ralf Bennartz, R. Boers, John Rausch, Ann M. Fridlind, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Philip Stier, Herman Russchenberg, Robert Wood, Anja Hünerbein, Daniel Rosenfeld, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Pavlos Kollias, David Painemal, Alexander Marshak, Odran Sourdeval, Michael S. Diamond, Daniel Merk, Zhibo Zhang, Patric Seifert, Christine Knist, Matthew Christensen, Johannes Quaas, Université de Lille, CNRS, University of Leeds, Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie [LIM], Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) - UMR 8518, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science [RSMAS], NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies [GISS], Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics [New York], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Nashville], Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] [SSEC], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute [KNMI], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] [CSU], Department of Physics [Oxford], CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory [RAL], Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research [TROPOS], University of Washington [Seattle], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory [ESRL], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] [DWD], Stony Brook University [SUNY] [SBU], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [GSFC], NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] [LaRC], The Hebrew University of Jerusalem [HUJ], Delft University of Technology [TU Delft], Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] [CCSR], Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [Baltimore] [JCET], Department of Physics [Baltimore], Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Columbia University [New York], Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), University of Oxford, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [Baltimore] (JCET), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)-University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), European Project: 306284,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,QUAERERE(2012), European Project: 724602,Recap, and European Project: 641727,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,PRIMAVERA(2015)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, satellite, Cloud computing, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Review Article, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Remote Sensing, Quality (physics), law, Cloud/Radiation Interaction, Instruments and Techniques, Radar, Review Articles, lidar, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, passive retrievals, Effective radius, business.industry, Remote Sensing and Disasters, Cloud physics, Radiative forcing, cloud droplet concentrations, Geophysics, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric Processes, Cloud Physics and Chemistry, Environmental science, Satellite, business, Clouds and Aerosols, Natural Hazards, radar
Abstract

The cloud droplet number concentration (N d) is of central interest to improve the understanding of cloud physics and for quantifying the effective radiative forcing by aerosol‐cloud interactions. Current standard satellite retrievals do not operationally provide N d, but it can be inferred from retrievals of cloud optical depth (τ c) cloud droplet effective radius (r e) and cloud top temperature. This review summarizes issues with this approach and quantifies uncertainties. A total relative uncertainty of 78% is inferred for pixel‐level retrievals for relatively homogeneous, optically thick and unobscured stratiform clouds with favorable viewing geometry. The uncertainty is even greater if these conditions are not met. For averages over 1° ×1° regions the uncertainty is reduced to 54% assuming random errors for instrument uncertainties. In contrast, the few evaluation studies against reference in situ observations suggest much better accuracy with little variability in the bias. More such studies are required for a better error characterization. N d uncertainty is dominated by errors in r e, and therefore, improvements in r e retrievals would greatly improve the quality of the N d retrievals. Recommendations are made for how this might be achieved. Some existing N d data sets are compared and discussed, and best practices for the use of N d data from current passive instruments (e.g., filtering criteria) are recommended. Emerging alternative N d estimates are also considered. First, new ideas to use additional information from existing and upcoming spaceborne instruments are discussed, and second, approaches using high‐quality ground‐based observations are examined., Key Points Satellite cloud droplet concentration uncertainties of 78% for pixel‐level retrievals and 54% for 1 by 1 degree retrievals are estimatedThe effective radius retrieval is the most important aspect for improvement, and more in situ evaluation is neededPotential improvements using passive and active satellite, and ground‐based instruments are discussed

Published
2018
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2. Geophysical validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data

Author

M. De Mazière, T. E. Kerzenmacher, W. J. Reburn, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, C. Piccolo, Yasjka Meijer, Michel Pirre, S. Mikuteit, Valéry Catoire, Gerald Wetzel, Ugo Cortesi, Corinne Vigouroux, C. Keim, Giovanni Bianchini, Kenneth W. Jucks, Costas A. Varotsos, Yehan Liu, Elisa Castelli, Stephen W. Wood, Nicholas B. Jones, C. de Clercq, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Piera Raspollini, I. S. McDermid, Hermann Oelhaf, John Remedios, A. Taddei, H. Kuellmann, Marco Iarlori, T. Steck, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thomas Blumenstock, Kelly Chance, Dan Smale, Gianluca Redaelli, F. Mencaraglia, Astrid Bracher, Alison Waterfall, Harjinder Sembhi, P. Demoulin, Fabrizio Ravegnani, G. Y. Liu, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing [Bremen] (IUP/IFE), University of Bremen, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wollongong [Australia], University of Toronto, CETEMPS, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), University of Leicester, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing, Universität Bremen, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima ( ISAC ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] ( UNIVAQ.IT ), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] ( IAP ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), National Institute for Water and Air Research Ltd., National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
[ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Collocation (remote sensing), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Data assimilation, Atmospheric composition and structure, Ozone, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QC1-999, Trace gas, Depth sounding, Earth sciences, Lidar, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), on-board the European ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) launched on 1 March 2002, is a middle infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer measuring the atmospheric emission spectrum in limb sounding geometry. The instrument is capable to retrieve the vertical distribution of temperature and trace gases, aiming at the study of climate and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, and at applications to data assimilation and weather forecasting. MIPAS operated in its standard observation mode for approximately two years, from July 2002 to March 2004, with scans performed at nominal spectral resolution of 0.025 cm−1 and covering the altitude range from the mesosphere to the upper troposphere with relatively high vertical resolution (about 3 km in the stratosphere). Only reduced spectral resolution measurements have been performed subsequently. MIPAS data were re-processed by ESA using updated versions of the Instrument Processing Facility (IPF v4.61 and v4.62) and provided a complete set of level-2 operational products (geo-located vertical profiles of temperature and volume mixing ratio of H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O and NO2) with quasi continuous and global coverage in the period of MIPAS full spectral resolution mission. In this paper, we report a detailed description of the validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data, that was based on the comparison between MIPAS v4.61 (and, to a lesser extent, v4.62) O3 VMR profiles and a comprehensive set of correlative data, including observations from ozone sondes, ground-based lidar, FTIR and microwave radiometers, remote-sensing and in situ instruments on-board stratospheric aircraft and balloons, concurrent satellite sensors and ozone fields assimilated by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting. A coordinated effort was carried out, using common criteria for the selection of individual validation data sets, and similar methods for the comparisons. This enabled merging the individual results from a variety of independent reference measurements of proven quality (i.e. well characterized error budget) into an overall evaluation of MIPAS O3 data quality, having both statistical strength and the widest spatial and temporal coverage. Collocated measurements from ozone sondes and ground-based lidar and microwave radiometers of the Network for the Detection Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) were selected to carry out comparisons with time series of MIPAS O3 partial columns and to identify groups of stations and time periods with a uniform pattern of ozone differences, that were subsequently used for a vertically resolved statistical analysis. The results of the comparison are classified according to synoptic and regional systems and to altitude intervals, showing a generally good agreement within the comparison error bars in the upper and middle stratosphere. Significant differences emerge in the lower stratosphere and are only partly explained by the larger contributions of horizontal and vertical smoothing differences and of collocation errors to the total uncertainty. Further results obtained from a purely statistical analysis of the same data set from NDACC ground-based lidar stations, as well as from additional ozone soundings at middle latitudes and from NDACC ground-based FTIR measurements, confirm the validity of MIPAS O3 profiles down to the lower stratosphere, with evidence of larger discrepancies at the lowest altitudes. The validation against O3 VMR profiles using collocated observations performed by other satellite sensors (SAGE II, POAM III, ODIN-SMR, ACE-FTS, HALOE, GOME) and ECMWF assimilated ozone fields leads to consistent results, that are to a great extent compatible with those obtained from the comparison with ground-based measurements. Excellent agreement in the full vertical range of the comparison is shown with respect to collocated ozone data from stratospheric aircraft and balloon instruments, that was mostly obtained in very good spatial and temporal coincidence with MIPAS scans. This might suggest that the larger differences observed in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with respect to collocated ground-based and satellite O3 data are only partly due to a degradation of MIPAS data quality. They should be rather largely ascribed to the natural variability of these altitude regions and to other components of the comparison errors. By combining the results of this large number of validation data sets we derived a general assessment of MIPAS v4.61 and v4.62 ozone data quality. A clear indication of the validity of MIPAS O3 vertical profiles is obtained for most of the stratosphere, where the mean relative difference with the individual correlative data sets is always lower than ±10%. Furthermore, these differences always fall within the combined systematic error (from 1 hPa to 50 hPa) and the standard deviation is fully consistent with the random error of the comparison (from 1 hPa to ~30–40 hPa). A degradation in the quality of the agreement is generally observed in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, with biases up to 25% at 100 hPa and standard deviation of the global mean differences up to three times larger than the combined random error in the range 50–100 hPa. The larger differences observed at the bottom end of MIPAS retrieved profiles can be associated, as already noticed, to the effects of stronger atmospheric gradients in the UTLS that are perceived differently by the various measurement techniques. However, further components that may degrade the results of the comparison at lower altitudes can be identified as potentially including cloud contamination, which is likely not to have been fully filtered using the current settings of the MIPAS cloud detection algorithm, and in the linear approximation of the forward model that was used for the a priori estimate of systematic error components. The latter, when affecting systematic contributions with a random variability over the spatial and temporal scales of global averages, might result in an underestimation of the random error of the comparison and add up to other error sources, such as the possible underestimates of the p and T error propagation based on the assumption of a 1 K and 2% uncertainties, respectively, on MIPAS temperature and pressure retrievals. At pressure lower than 1 hPa, only a small fraction of the selected validation data set provides correlative ozone data of adequate quality and it is difficult to derive quantitative conclusions about the performance of MIPAS O3 retrieval for the topmost layers.

Published
2007
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3. Hybrid Improper Ferroelectricity in (Sr,Ca)SnO and Beyond Universal Relationship between Ferroelectric Transition Temperature and Tolerance Factor in n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper Phases

Author

Yoshida, Suguru, Akamatsu, Hirofumi, Tsuji, Ryosuke, Hernandez, Olivier, Padmanabhan, Haricharan, Sen Gupta, Arnab, Gibbs, Alexandra S, Mibu, Ko, Murai, Shunsuke, Rondinelli, James M, Gopalan, Venkatraman, Tanaka, Katsuhisa, Fujita, Koji, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Nagoya Institute of Technology (NIT), Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), This work was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers JP16H04496, JP17H01320, JP18K8940, JP17K19172, JP18H01892), the Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow (Grant Number JP17J07106), and the National Science Foundation Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science MRSEC grant number DMR-1420620 and DMR-1807768. SXRD experiments were performed on BL02B2 at SPring-8 with the approval of JASRI (Proposal Nos. 2017B11423 and 2018A1391). Time-of-flight ND experiments on HRPD at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by beam time allocations from STFC (RB1620102 and XB1790074). The Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements were performed under the Nanotechnology Platform Program by MEXT, Japan., Kyoto University, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Hybrid improper ferroelectricity, which utilizes nonpolar but ubiquitous rotational/tilting distortions to create polarization, offers an attractive route to the discovery of new ferroelectric and multiferroic materials because its activity derives from geometric rather than electronic origins. Design approaches blending group theory and first principles can be utilized to explore the crystal symmetries of ferroelectric ground states, but in general, they do not make accurate predictions for some important parameters of ferroelectrics, such as Curie temperature ( T). Here, we establish a predictive and quantitative relationship between T and the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, t, by employing n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) ABO as a prototypical example of hybrid improper ferroelectrics. The focus is placed on an RP system, (SrCa )SnO ( x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), which allows for the investigation of the purely geometric (ionic size) effect on ferroelectric transitions, due to the absence of the second-order Jahn-Teller active (d and 6s) cations that often lead to ferroelectric distortions through electronic mechanisms. We observe a ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition with T = 410 K for SrSnO. We also find that the T increases linearly up to 800 K upon increasing the Ca content, i.e., upon decreasing the value of t. Remarkably, this linear relationship is applicable to the suite of all known ABO hybrid improper ferroelectrics, indicating that the T correlates with the simple crystal chemistry descriptor, t, based on the ionic size mismatch. This study provides a predictive guideline for estimating the T of a given material, which would complement the convergent group-theoretical and first-principles design approach.

Published
2018
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4. Recent experiments on the hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas conducted at the PALS laboratory

Author

Keiji Nagai, Wigen Nazarov, F. Canova, E. Krousky, Jérôme Faure, H. Stabile, G. Lucchini, D.A. Pepler, Dimitri Batani, R. Dudzak, Bedrich Rus, Jiri Skala, J. Ullschmied, Takayoshi Norimatsu, Miroslav Pfeifer, Hiroaki Nishimura, Tara Desai, Jiri Limpouch, Roberto Benocci, Victor Malka, R. Dezulian, M. Koenig, K. Masek, R. Redaelli, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Doppler Institute/ Department of Mathematics, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Osaka University [Osaka], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Batani, D, Dezulian, R, Redaelli, R, Benocci, R, Stabile, H, Canova, F, Desai, T, Lucchini, G, Krousky, E, Masek, K, Pfeifer, M, Skala, J, Dudzak, R, Rus, B, Ullschmied, J, Malka, V, Faure, J, Koenig, M, Limpouch, J, Nazarov, W, Pepler, D, Nagai, K, Norimatsu, T, and Nishimura, H

Subjects
Plasma Hydrodynamics, Lateral expansion, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, Shock Acceleration, Laboratory Astrophysics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Equation of State, Laser beams, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Wavelength, Shock Pressure, Laboratory astrophysic, business, Plasma hydrodynamic, Smoothing, Energy transport
Abstract

We present a series of experimental results, and their interpretation, connected to various aspects of the hydrodynamics of laser produced plasmas. Experiments were performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44 μm wavelength and irradiances up to a few 1014W/cm2. By adopting large focal spots and smoothed laser beams, the lateral energy transport and lateral expansion have been avoided. Therefore we could reach a quasi one-dimensional regime for which experimental results can be more easily and properly compared to available analytical models.

Published
2007
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5. Frequency doubling of multi-terawatt picosecond pulses

Author

D. Neely, Chris Edwards, Zulfikar Najmudin, M. Harman, M. H. R. Hutchinson, John Collier, Ric M. Allott, Colin N. Danson, M. Salvati, P. Flintoff, Ian N. Ross, D.A. Pepler, A. E. Dangor, P. Hatton, Trevor Winstone, François Amiranoff, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Central Laser Facility (CLF), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Central Laser Facility, and CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Range (particle radiation), Materials science, business.industry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Energy conversion efficiency, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Pulse (physics), 010309 optics, Crystal, Quality (physics), Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Laser beam quality, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The frequency-doubling efficiency and resultant focal spot quality of a large aperture (140 × 89 mm) subpicosecond, chirped pulse amplified (CPA) 1054-nm beam for laser–matter interaction studies has been investigated using the Vulcan Nd:glass laser system (Danson et al. 1998). The effect of B-integral on the CPA beam quality was studied and is shown not to be the dominant cause of the observed frequency-doubled beam break-up. Conversion efficiency tests were carried out on small aperture KDP (type 1) crystals at a range of incident intensities up to 3 × 1011 W/cm2 giving the optimum crystal thickness for pulses in the 0.3–3 ps region. A large-aperture frequency-doubled beam was commissioned and delivered pulses of over 10 TW onto target for an electron acceleration experiment.

Published
1999
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6. Rearrangement of the structure during nucleation of a cordierite glass doped with TiO2

Author

Dominique Massiot, Alex C. Hannon, Valérie Montouillout, Marie Guignard, Laurent Cormier, Nicolas Menguy, Brigitte Beuneu, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération RMN du Solide à Hauts Champs (FRMN-SHC), ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-JCJC-0010,NUCLEVITRO,Mechanisms of nucleation in nanocomposite glass-ceramics(2006), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, and CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL)

Subjects
Ceramics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Materials science, nucleation, Oxide, Nucleation, FOS: Physical sciences, Magnesium aluminosilicate, Cordierite, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron scattering, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, neutron diffraction, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, X-Ray Diffraction, Glassy matrix, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn], glass, Neutrons, Titanium, solid state NMR, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Models, Statistical, Physics, Doping, Temperature, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), chemistry, Chemical physics, electronic microscopy, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Nanoparticles, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Ordering of disordered materials occurs during the activated process of nucleation that requires the formation of critical clusters that have to surmount a thermodynamic barrier. The characterization of these clusters is experimentally challenging but mandatory to improve nucleation theory. In this paper, the nucleation of a magnesium alumino-silicate glass containing the nucleating oxide TiO 2 is investigated using neutron scattering with Ti isotopic substitution and 27 Al NMR. We identified the structural changes induced by the formation of crystals around Ti atoms and show important structural reorganization of the glassy matrix.

Published
2010
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7. Direct Observation of Strong Ion Coupling in Laser-Driven Shock-Compressed Targets

Author

David Riley, Gianluca Gregori, T. A. Pikuz, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, A. Ya. Faenov, Norimasa Ozaki, M. Koenig, Alessandra Ravasio, Alice Delserieys, Jérôme Daligault, Berenice Loupias, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Pharmacokinetics & Non-Clinical Safety, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Plasma parameters, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics Education [physics.ed-ph], Coupling (physics), law, Electron degeneracy pressure, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In this Letter we report on a near collective x-ray scattering experiment on shock-compressed targets. A highly coupled Al plasma was generated and probed by spectrally resolving an x-ray source forward scattered by the sample. A significant reduction in the intensity of the elastic scatter was observed, which we attribute to the formation of an incipient long-range order. This speculation is confirmed by x-ray scattering calculations accounting for both electron degeneracy and strong coupling effects. Measurements from rear side visible diagnostics are consistent with the plasma parameters inferred from x-ray scattering data. These results give the experimental evidence of the strongly coupled ionic dynamics in dense plasmas.

Published
2007
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8. Novel interface for cultural heritage at SOLEIL

Author

Loïc Bertrand, Emmanuel Pantos, D. Vantelon, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL)

Subjects
Architectural engineering, Engineering, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Interface (Java), 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Optics, Methods, General Materials Science, Analysis method, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Soft X-radiation, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Cultural heritage, Archaeology, 0210 nano-technology, business, Organization
Abstract

The information that can be retrieved from the study of ancient materials and studies on their conservation rely strongly on the development and application of new techniques of physical analysis. This is particularly important at a time when global changes affecting our environment and way of life impose new stresses putting heritage preservation at risk. For this purpose, synchrotron techniques are particularly suited to the non- (or micro-) destructive characterisation of such heterogeneous materials, and a steep increase in the number of publications has been noticed recently from cultural heritage works using synchrotron radiation.

Published
2006
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9. The Anemos Project : Next Generation forecasting of Wind power

Author

Georges Kariniotakis, Didier Mayer, Heinemann Detlev, Jens Tambke, Julio Usaola, Ignacio Marti, Henrik Madsen, Torben Skov Nielsen, Christine Lac, Waldl, H. P., Félix Dierich, Jim Halliday, Richard Brownsword, Gregor Giebel, Jake Badger, Jacques Moussafir, George Kallos, Petroula Louka, Thierry Jouhanique, Manuel Calleja, John Toefting, Ryan, M., Carrington, M., John Indorf, Antiopi Gigantidou, Gonzales, G., Barosso, E., Barquero, C., Seguardo, P., Ignacio Cruz, Ana Maria Palomares, Hatziargyriou, Nikos D., Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Oldenburg, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables - Fundación CENER-CIEMAT (CENER), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Météofrance, Météo France, overspeed GmBh&CoKG, GmBh&CoKG, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Risø National Laboratory, Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, ARIA Technologies, Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications [Athens] (IASA), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), EHN, ELSAM, ESB National Grid - Power System Operations, ESB National Grid - Power System Operation, Energieversorgung Weser-Ems AG (EWE AG), Public Power Corporation - Grèce (PPC), PPC, Red Eléctrica de España (REE), Red Eléctrica de España, IDAE - Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICCS), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), European Project: ENK5-CT-2002-00665,ANEMOS, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
on-line software, numerical w eather predictions, short-term forecasting, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, wind energy, forecasting, Wind power, energy meteorology, renewable energy
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the objectives and the research work carried out in the frame of the ANEMOS project on short-term wind power forecasting. The aim of the project is to develop accurate models that substantially outperform current state-of-the-art methods, for onshore and offshore wind power forecasting, exploiting both statistical and physical modeling approaches. The project focus on prediction horizons up to 48 hours ahead and investigates predictability of wind for higher horizons up to 7 days ahead useful i.e. for maintenance scheduling. Emphasis is given on the integration of high-resolution meteorological forecasts. For the offshore case, marine meteorology is considered as well as information by satellite-radar images. Specific modules are also developed for on-line uncertainty and prediction risk estimation. An integrated software platform, 'ANEMOS', is developed to host the various models. This system will be installed by several end-users for on-line operation at onshore and offshore wind farms for prediction at a local, regional and national scale. The applications include different terrain types and wind climates, on- and offshore cases, and interconnected or island grids. The on-line operation by the utilities will allow validation of the models and an analysis of the value of wind prediction for a competitive integration of wind energy in the developing liberalized electricity markets.

Published
2004

10. An Advanced Control System for Wind/Diesel Power Systems

Author

Nogaret, Eric, Stavrakakis, Georges, Kariniotakis, Georges, Papadopoulos, Michael, Hatziargyriou, Nikos, Androutsos, Aris, Papathanassiou, Stavros, Lopes, Joao Abel Peças, Halliday, Jim, Dutton, Geoff, Gatopoulos, John, Karagounis, Vaggelis, CEP/Sophia, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering [Crete] (E.C.E), Technical University of Crete [Chania], National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science [Porto] (INESC TEC), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), AMBER S.A, and European Project: JOU2-CT92-0053,LEMNOS

Subjects
Diesel power, Dynamic Security Assessment, Load forecasting, Economic dispatch, [SPI.ENERG]Engineering Sciences [physics]/domain_spi.energ, Island systems, Geographical islands, Energy Management Systems, Wind Power Forecasting, Wind power, Power System Scheduling
Abstract

International audience; In this paper an advanced control system for the optimal operation and management of medium-sized autonomous wind-diesel power systems is presented. This control system minimises the production costs through an on-line optimal scheduling of the power units, which takes into account the technical constraints of the diesel-units, as well as short-term forecasts of the load and the renewable resources. The power system security is maximised through on-line security assessment modules, which enable the power system to withstand sudden changes in the production of the renewable sources. The control system was evaluated using data from the island of Lemnos, where it has been installed and operates since January 1995.

Published
1996

11. The State-Of-The-Art in Short-Term Prediction of Wind Power, A Literature Overview, 2nd Edition. Joint deliverable report of ANEMOS.plus and SafeWind European projects

Author

Giebel, G., Richard Brownsword, Georges Kariniotakis, Michael Denhard, Caroline Draxl, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques (PERSEE), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), MINES Paris Coordinator of ANEMOS.plus and SafeWind projects, European Project: 213740,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2007-1-RTD,SAFEWIND(2008), and European Project: 038692,ANEMOS.plus

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Time series analysis, Power Systems, Wind power forecasting, Weather forecasting, Data science, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], European project, Wind Energy, Physical modelling, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Energy Meteorology
Abstract

This joint Deliverable of ANEMOS.plus and SafeWind projects presents the state of the art in wind power forecasting. More than 380 references of journal and conference papers have been reviewed.The ANEMOS.plus Project was funded by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Program. Grant Agreement N° 038692. Project title “Advanced Tools for the Management of Electricity Grids with LargeScale Wind Generation”.The SafeWind Project was funded by the European Commission under the 7th FrameWork Program. Grant Agreement N° 213740. Project title: “Multi-scale data assimilation, advanced wind modelling & forecasting with emphasis to extreme weather situations for a safe large-scale wind power integration”.

12. Cloudnet continuous evalution of cloud profiles in seven operational models using ground-based observations

Author

Illingworth, A. J., Hogan, R. J., O Connor, E. J., Bouniol, Dominique, Brooks, M. E., Delanoë, Julien, Donovan, D. P., Eastment, J. D., Gaussiat, N., Goddard, J. W. F., Haeffelin, Martial, Klein Baltink, H., Krasnov, O. A., Pelon, Jacques, Piriou, J. -M, Protat, Alain, Russchenberg, H. W. J., Seifert, A., Tompkins, A. M., Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, Vinit, F., Wille N, U., Wilson, D. R., Wrench, C. L., Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar (DUT IRCTR), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Météo-France

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

Cloud fraction, liquid and ice water contents derived from long-term radar, lidar, and microwave radiometer data are systematically compared to models to quantify and improve their performance.

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13. Towards Next Generation Short-term forcasting of Wind power - The Anemos Project

Author

Georges Kariniotakis, Moussafir, J., Buty, D., Usaola, J., Sanchez, I., Marti, I., Madsen, H., Nielsen, T. S., Lac, C., Frayssinet, P., H-P, Waldl, Dierich, F., Halliday, J., Brownsword, R., Giebel, G., Landberg, L., Kallos, G., Louka, P., Ottavi, J., Focken, U., Lange, M., Kintxo Ancín, J., Toefting, J., Mccoy, D., Fagan, E., Collmann, M., Thalassinakis, E., Gigandidou, A., Gonzales Morales, G., Barquero, C., Arriba, P., Cruz, I., Hatziargyriou, N., Sideratos, G., Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ARIA Technologies, Université Carlos III de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables - Fundación CENER-CIEMAT (CENER), Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling [Lyngby] (IMM), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Météo France, overspeed GmBh&CoKG, GmBh&CoKG, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications [Athens] (IASA), EDF (EDF), University of Oldenburg, EHN, ELSAM, ESB National Grid - Power System Operation, EWE - Germany, EWE, Public Power Corporation - Grèce (PPC), PPC, Red Eléctrica de España (REE), Red Eléctrica de España, IDAE - Spain, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), European Project: ENK5-CT-2002-00665,ANEMOS, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), and Météo-France

Subjects
numerical weather predictions, on-line software, short-term forecasting, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Wind power, wind integration, energy meteorology
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the objectives and the research work carried out in the frame of the ANEMOS project on short-term wind power forecasting. The aim of the project is to develop accurate models that substantially outperform current state-of-the-art methods, for onshore and offshore wind power forecasting, exploiting both statistical and physical modeling approaches. The project focus on prediction horizons up to 48 hours ahead and investigates predictability of wind for higher horizons up to 7 days ahead useful i.e. for maintenance scheduling. Emphasis is given on the integration of high-resolution meteorological forecasts. For the offshore case, marine meteorology is considered as well as information by satellite-radar images. Specific modules are also developed for on-line uncertainty and prediction risk estimation. An integrated software platform, 'ANEMOS', is developed to host the various models. This system will be installed by several end-users for on-line operation at onshore and offshore wind farms for prediction at a local, regional and national scale. The applications include different terrain types and wind climates, on-and offshore cases, and interconnected or island grids. The on-line operation by the utilities will allow validation of the models and an analysis of the value of wind prediction for a competitive integration of wind energy in the developing liberalized electricity markets in the EU.

14. Operation and control of island systems - The Crete case

Author

Basil C. Papadias, J. Halliday, Gordon N. Dutton, J. A. Pecas Lopes, Manuel A. Matos, Nikos Hatziargyriou, Anastasios G. Bakirtzis, Aris Androutsos, J. Stefanakis, P.S. Dokopoulos, M.P. Papadopoulos, Georges Contaxis, Georges Kariniotakis, Antiopi Gigantidou, Eric Nogaret, National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science [Porto] (INESC TEC), Centre d'energetique (CENERG), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques (PERSEE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Public Power Corporation - Grèce (PPC), PPC, IEEE PES, and European Project: JOR3960119,CARE

Subjects
Engineering, Isolated power systems, island systems, energy management, renewable energies, energy management system, contigencies, load forecasting, Distribution management system, Power budget, Steady state security assessment, Electric power system, on line evaluation, wind power forecasting, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], operation and control, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Control engineering, Power (physics), Renewable energy, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Base load power plant, Control system, optimal scheduling, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], business, Power control
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, an advanced control system for the optimal operation and management of isolated power systems with increased renewable power integration is presented. The control system minimises the production costs through on-line optimal scheduling of the power units, taking into account short-term forecasts of the load and the renewable resources. The power system security is supervised via on-line security assessment modules, which emulate the power system frequency changes caused by pre-selected disturbances. For each of the above functions, a number of techniques have been applied, both conventional and AI based. The system has been installed in the dispatch center of Crete since June 1999, and is under evaluation.

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