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In this study, a system for measuring the positional accuracy of industrial robots using 3D vision and networking technology has been proposed. The 3D vision system comprises a charge-coupled device (CCD) module, a reference sphere module, and a signal processing module. The reference sphere module serves as the sensing object, while the CCD module captures displacement images of the reference sphere module. The signal processing module receives and processes signals from the CCD module. It utilizes a self-developed Visual C + + interface to calculate the X, Y, Z, θx, and θy (five-degree-of-freedom, 5-DOF) positional accuracy of the industrial robot. Experimental results demonstrate that the linear accuracy (X, Y, Z) and angular accuracy (θx, θy) of the 3D vision system are approximately 3 μm and 0.15°, respectively. Additionally, a networking architecture connects the controller of the machine tool with the industrial robot to enable synchronized motion path planning. The industrial robot can be calibrated using the high-precision machine tool equipped with the 3D vision-based positional accuracy measurement system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uricase is a bio-drug used to reduce urate accumulation in gout disease. Thus, there is a continuous demand for screening soil samples derived from a variety of different sources in order to isolate a strain that possesses a high potential for producing uricase. Methods: Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-5 demonstrated a significant capacity for uricase production was identified based on the physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Using a Plackett–Burman statistical design, the impact of eighteen process factors on uricase production by Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 was investigated. Using central composite design, the most important variables that had a favourable positive impact on uricase production by Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 were further optimized. Results: It is clear that the morphological and chemotaxonomic features of Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-5 are typical for the Streptomyces genus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-5 belongs to the genus Streptomyces and closely related to Streptomyces griseorubens which it has a 95–96% identity in 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Accordingly, the strain is proposed to be identified as Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5. The three factors that had the significant positive impacts on uricase production were uric acid, hypoxanthine, and yeast extract. As a result, the best conditions for achieving the highest experimental uricase production by Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 after central composite design were (g/L): uric acid 6.96, glycerol 5, hypoxanthine 5.51, MgSO4.7H2O 0.1, KNO3 2, CaCl2 0.5, K2HPO4 0.5, NaCl 0.5, yeast extract 1.08. In addition, the period of incubation is seven days, pH 7.5 and 37 °C with an inoculum size of 2 mL (105 cfu/mL) /100 mL medium. Conclusions: After optimization, the obtained uricase activity was 120.35 U/mL, indicating that the Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 is a potent uricase producer and that the statistical approach used for optimization was appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to compare the 3 important types of central composite designs (CCDs) consisting of central composite circumscribed design (CCCD), central composite inscribed design (CCID), and central composite face-centroid design (CCFD) in response surface methodology (RSM). The difference among these designs is the distance from the center design to the axial points. The comparison was performed across the full second-order response surface model and across a set of reduced models for 3, 4, and 5 design factors (k = 3, 4, and 5) including 1, 3, and 5 center runs (nc = 1, 3, and 5). This study used D-, A-, and G- optimality criteria to evaluate the performance of CCDs by presenting the design optimality criteria comparison ranking throughout the reduced-model subsets of 43, 224, and 839 models for 3, 4, and 5 design variables, respectively. The results showed that CCCD was superior to CCID and CCFD according to A- and D- optimality criteria, while CCCD and CCID performed better than CCFD based on G- optimality criterion over a set of reduced models for 3, 4, and 5 design factors. It was observed that D-, A-, and G- optimality efficiencies were robust to changes in the linear and cross-product terms and sensitive to deviation in the square terms. The study will provide recommendations to assist the experimenters in the choice of the best design among the candidate designs for practice applications when some model effects may be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores how variations in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters—laser power (P), scanning speed (v), and base plate preheating temperature (ϑp)—affect the mechanical properties of the EOS Co-Cr SP2 dental alloy. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process parameters. Mechanical testing focused on crucial properties for dental applications, including yield strength (Rp0.2), elongation (ε), toughness (KVa), and flexural strength (Rms). Microstructural analysis was conducted using light and electron microscopy, while XRD identified microstructural phases. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc test, α = 0.05) revealed significant effects of P, v, and ϑp on the mechanical properties. Response surface models (RSMs) were developed, and optimal parameters were determined to achieve maximum toughness and flexural strength. Maximum values were obtained with laser power above 205 W and base plate preheating at 310 °C. The mathematical model predicted toughness values with less than 5% deviation from experimental results, indicating high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global energy demands rise and non-renewable resources decrease, identifying sustainable alternatives is of utmost importance. This study investigates the potential of Carica papaya seeds as a feedstock for bio-oil production. Employing the central composite design of response surface methodology, the extraction process was optimized using heptane as the solvent. The effects of biomass to heptane ratio and extraction time on oil yield were examined. The optimized conditions of 1:11 biomass to heptane ratio (g:mL) and 4-h extraction time yielded an optimal oil yield of 45.77±0.057%. The chemical composition analysis revealed a kinematic viscosity of 12.58 mm2/s at 40°C, indicating favorable flow properties, and a high heating value of 37.52 MJ/kg, suggesting its energy potential. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis detected carbonyl functional groups and alkanes, indicating the suitability of Carica papaya seed oil for biodiesel production. These findings highlight the promising role of Carica papaya seeds as a renewable feedstock for bio-oil, contributing to sustainable energy development. This research addresses the pressing challenge of depleting non-renewable resources and underscores the significance of Carica papaya seeds as a valuable and eco-friendly source for bio-oil production. Such advancements pave the way for a greener and more sustainable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel heterogeneous catalyst, Bimetallic-organic framework (Fe, Cu)/carbon nanotubes encapsulated Ni nanoparticles, has been introduced for efficient degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) via Fenton-like process. Optimizing and modeling of the heterogeneous degradation process were performed using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level central composite design (CCD). The study on the individual and interaction effect of four operating parameters including pH, H2O2 concentration (mM), catalyst dose (mg L−1) and reaction time (min) revealed that the maximum AO7 degradation efficiency (93.94%) was achieved under optimal conditions of pH = 4.0, H2O2 concentration = 25 mM, catalyst dose = 200.0 mg L−1 and reaction time = 27 min (k = 0.1024 (min−1)). Analysis of scavenging revealed that tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) led to a notable reduction in the degradation of AO7 under optimal conditions. The degradation of AO7 dropped from 93.94% to 14.28% as TBA concentrations varied from 0 to 9 mmol L−1. Consequently, the rate constant of the degradation reaction decreased from 0.1002 to 0.0058 min−1 as the concentration of the quenching agent increased. Interestingly, it was found that besides the role of Fe, Cu and Ni species in the Fe0.6Cu0.3Ni0.1(BDC)@CNT, surface oxygen-functional groups on the CNT provides faster and efficient Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle over a broader pH range. Furthermore, concerning the importance of economic and environmental issues, the possibility of regenerating the Fe0.6Cu0.3Ni0.1(BDC)@CNT catalyst for four consecutive cycles has been confirmed. The concluding observations of this study provide favorable outcomes in the development and utilizing the advanced MOF-based catalysts with the aim of effective environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of chronic pain that has attracted much attention in clinical practice, characterized by high morbidity, complex mechanisms, and difficulties in clinical treatment, with which the activation of High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is closely related. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference gene therapy targeting HMGB1 on neuropathic pain in rats with chronic dorsal root ganglion compression (CCD) and its specific mechanisms, so as to explore new pharmacological targets. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were surgically subjected to chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia (CCD). Behavioral tests were performed by calculating the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and the thermal paw withdrawal latency (TPWL). Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) was used to clarify protein interactions. Gene silencing was induced by injecting lentivirus expressing HMGB1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into rats. An LPS-inflammation-stimulated rat astrocyte model was established to validate the animal experiment results further. Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect pathway protein expression. Results: After first establishing the rat CCD model, both PWMT and PTWL were significantly reduced in rats, indicating that the model construction was successful. After lentiviral silencing of HMGB1 expression, NP was significantly alleviated in CCD rats. CO-IP experiments showed a link between HMGB1 and AQP1; After silencing HMGB1 expression, the expression of AQP1 was significantly reduced, and HMGB1 was able to modulate the effect of AQP1 on NP. Further use of an inhibitor of the HMGB1 receptor showed that after inhibition of RAGE, AQP1 was significantly reduced; HMGB1 may regulate AQP1 through its receptor RAGE to affect NP. Silencing of HMGB1 resulted in a significant decrease in NF-κB, and HMGB1 affects the inflammatory pathways it mediates. After silencing AQP1, NF-κB also decreased significantly, indicating that AQP1 is an upstream regulator of NF-κB. Conclusion: Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) silencing targeting HMGB1 may play a key role in the development of neuropathic pain in rats by regulating AQP1 expression via RAGE and ultimately activating NF-κB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequential technique that combines wire electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) and abrasive grinding on dedicated equipment improves the edge quality of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond (BD-PCD) cutting tools. In this study, we focus on material removal mechanisms during BD-PCD machining and surface graphitization caused by wire-EDM thermal damage. Surface topography is used to distinguish ductile- and brittle-regime grinding in tool production. Resin-bonded diamond wheels outperform electroplated diamond wheels in abrasive grinding owing to their self-sharpening capabilities. The experimental results show that BD-PCD tools have higher mechanical properties and performance than standard PCD tools. Maximum edge chipping on BD-PCD surfaces depends on the depth of cut and grinding speed. Microgrinding experiments on BK7 glass reveal that the recommended tool manufacturing approach, which merges wire-EDM and abrasive grinding, results in high-quality surfaces free of microcracks and achieves a surface roughness of 6 nm Sa. Abrasion on the flank face and chipping on the periphery are the main wear patterns on grinding tools. In this study, we improve our understanding of BD-PCD microcutter production, focusing on parameter management for optimal surface quality, edge integrity, and tool performance. We emphasize the necessity of choosing the right grinding wheel to achieve the necessary surface and subsurface quality when making microcutting tools. Raman spectroscopy results are used to explain thermal deterioration when diamond grains turn into graphite at high manufacturing temperatures. We address the challenges of producing high-quality microcutting tools and offer insights into improving BDPCD tool performance and edge quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lasers are integral to numerous applications in our daily lives, with one of their notable uses being the ablation of materials to generate plasma, which in turn produces X-rays with a variety of applications. This study investigates the generation of hard X-rays from Aluminum Antimonide (AlSb) plasma, induced by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operating at 1064nm with a pulse duration of 9–14ns and a peak power of 1.1MW. The AlSb target was selected due to its unique electronic structure and high atomic number, which are advantageous for efficient X-ray generation. At a tight focus, the laser produced a spot size of 11.8 micrometers, achieving an intensity of 1012 W/cm−2, to study the transmission of hard X-rays both in a vacuum environment with a pressure of 10−3 torr and in air at atmospheric pressure. A Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT) was employed to detect the transmitted hard X-rays, which were filtered using a 10 μm-thick Al filter. The fundamental mechanisms behind the emission of hard X-rays from laser-induced AlSb plasma were explored. Plasma plume expansion and the energy of the emitted radiation were found to depend on the number of laser pulses and the ambient pressure. The intensity of the plasma plume was observed to be inversely proportional to the ambient pressure and directly proportional to the number of laser pulses fired. Plasma confinement under high pressures was also examined. Time-resolved studies of the hard X-ray emission contributed to the analysis. The relationship between different laser shots and the current, voltage, and energy of the hard X-rays, as well as their inverse proportionality to ambient pressure, was quantified. At an ambient pressure of 10−3 torr, the dynamics of the AlSb plasma plume were observed. The surface morphology of the laser-irradiated AlSb target was also analyzed, revealing unique properties pertinent to X-ray emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carotenoid molecules. These enzymes widely exist in plants, fungi, and certain bacteria, and are involved in various biological processes. It would be of great importance and necessity to identify CCO members in birch and characterize their responses upon abiotic stresses. Results: A total of 16 BpCCOs, including 8 BpCCDs and 8 BpNCEDs were identified in birch, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they could be classified into six subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed that BpCCOs have the largest number of homologous genes in Gossypium hirsutum and also have more homologous genes in other dicotyledons. In addition, promoter analysis revealed that the promoter regions of BpCCOs contained many abiotic stress-related and hormone-responsive elements. The results of qRT-PCR showed that most of the BpCCOs were able to respond significantly to ABA, PEG, salt and cold stresses. Finally, the prediction of the interacting proteins of BpCCOs by STRING revealed several proteins that may interact with BpCCOs and be involved in plant growth and development/abiotic stress processes, such as HEC1 (bHLH), ATABA1, ATVAMP714, etc. Conclusion: In this study, the CCO members were identified in birch in a genome-wide scale. These results indicate that BpCCO genes may play important roles in the abiotic stress responses of birch plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectral response of the S-20 streak camera ranges from 350 to 850 nanometers. The streak camera consists of a streak tube and an image intensifier tube followed by a CCD camera. The optical streak camera can be operated in three modes viz. static mode, gated mode, and dynamic mode. In static mode, various electrodes are checked by applying suitable DC voltages For this purpose, a high-voltage biasing network is developed. Gated mode operation is introduced to improve signal-to-noise ratio. So, the Micro Channel Plate (MCP) of the image intensifier tube will be activated with the gated signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceclofenac (ACE) is a drug that was precisely devised to circumvent the shortcomings associated with diclofenac. However, ACE too corresponds to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related adverse effects, but with a lower amplitude. The present investigation seeks to develop liposomes loaded with ACE adopting a central composite design (CCD) and formulate a chitosan-based hydrogel for synergistic anti-inflammatory efficacy and improved ACE dermal administration. On the basis of preliminary vesicle size, Poly Dispersity Index (PDI), and drug entrapment, the composition of lipid, cholesterol, and vitamin E TPGS were chosen as independent variables. The formulation composition met the specifications for an optimum liposomal formulation, with total lipid concentration (13.5% w/w), cholesterol concentration (10% w/w), and surfactant concentration (2% w/w). With particle size and PDI of 174.22 ± 5.46 nm and 0.285 ± 0.01 respectively, the optimised formulation achieved an entrapment effectiveness of 92.08 ± 3.56%. Based on the CCD design, the optimised formulation Acec-Lipo opt was chosen and was subsequently transformed to a chitosan-based gel formulation for in vitro drug release, penetration through the skin, in vivo analgesic therapeutic activity, and skin irritation testing. % age oedema inhibition was found to be greatest with the Acec-Lipo opt gel formulation, followed by Acec gel. These results reinforce the notion that the inclusion of chitosan resulted in a synergistic effect despite the same strength of the drug. The findings suggested that Acec-Lipo incorporated in chitosan gel for skin targeting might be an effective formulation for topical ACE administration in clinical subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Improving the quality of extracts derived from medicinal plants is a critical concern due to their extensive use across various industries. The Arvaneh plant (Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. F), a species native to the Khorasan province in Iran and belonging to the mint family, was the focus of this study. We optimized the extraction of Arvaneh plant using both microwave (MW) and pulsed electric field (PEF) techniques. The MW method was tested at different processing times (90, 180, and 270 s) and power levels (180, 540, and 900 W), while the PEF method was evaluated with varying electric field intensities (0.25, 3.25, and 6.25 kV/cm) and pulse numbers (10, 45, and 80) using a central composite design (CCD). The results revealed that extraction efficiency, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were significantly higher with the PEF method compared to the MW method (p

Abstract Background Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carotenoid molecules. These enzymes widely exist in plants, fungi, and certain bacteria, and are involved in various biological processes. It would be of great importance and necessity to identify CCO members in birch and characterize their responses upon abiotic stresses. Results A total of 16 BpCCOs, including 8 BpCCDs and 8 BpNCEDs were identified in birch, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they could be classified into six subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed that BpCCOs have the largest number of homologous genes in Gossypium hirsutum and also have more homologous genes in other dicotyledons. In addition, promoter analysis revealed that the promoter regions of BpCCOs contained many abiotic stress-related and hormone-responsive elements. The results of qRT-PCR showed that most of the BpCCOs were able to respond significantly to ABA, PEG, salt and cold stresses. Finally, the prediction of the interacting proteins of BpCCOs by STRING revealed several proteins that may interact with BpCCOs and be involved in plant growth and development/abiotic stress processes, such as HEC1 (bHLH), ATABA1, ATVAMP714, etc. Conclusion In this study, the CCO members were identified in birch in a genome-wide scale. These results indicate that BpCCO genes may play important roles in the abiotic stress responses of birch plants.

We describe the advancement of fully depleted charge-coupled device (CCD) technology for scientific applications. Recent efforts on 650–725 (Formula presented.) m-thick CCDs for direct dark-matter and radiation detection with single-electron sensitivity are described, as well as the technology transfer of the fully depleted CCD technology to 200 mm-wafer fabrication facilities.

The CcdAB system expressed in the E.coli cells is a prototypical example of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that ensure the survival of the bacterial population under adverse environmental conditions. The solution and crystal structures of CcdA, CcdB and of CcdB in complex with the toxin-binding C-terminal domain of CcdA have been reported. Our interest lies in the dynamics of CcdB-CcdA complex formation. Solution NMR studies have shown that CcdB_G100T, in presence of saturating concentrations of CcdA-c, a truncated C-terminal fragment of CcdA exists in equilibrium between two major populations. Sequence specific backbone resonance assignments of both equilibrium forms of the ~ 27 kDa complex, have been obtained from a suite of triple resonance NMR experiments acquired on 2H, 13C, 15N enriched samples of CcdB_G100T. Analysis of 1H, 13Cα, 13Cβ secondary chemical shifts, shows that both equilibrium forms of CcdB_G100T have five beta-strands and one alpha-helix as the major secondary structural elements in the tertiary structure. The results of these studies are presented below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, activated carbon (AC) obtained from biomass waste materials (sunflower seed shells -SSS) was synthesized by combining chemical (H3PO4 80% wt.) and thermal activation (at 544 °C). Synthesized AC exhibited a BET surface area of 1531 m2 g−1, and pore volume of 0.98 cm3 g−1. The material exhibited various surface functional groups, such as P2O7, C-O-P and -COOH, O = C, as well as a moderate graphitization degree (ID/IG < 1) and acidity caused by H3PO4 treatment. Moreover, its morphology and physicochemical features were evaluated by SEM–EDS, TGA, XPS, Raman, and FT-IR techniques. The material was used to study the adsorption of anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compounds such as ibuprofen (IBF) and diclofenac (DIF) present in natural groundwater samples. The effects of parameters such as pH, activated carbon dose, temperature, and IBF or DIF initial concentration were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD). The results revealed that optimum conditions to remove DIF and IBF from natural groundwater samples were pH of 8.0 and 7.0, an AC dose of 0.79 and 1.0 g L−1, and a contact time of 60 min for DIF and IBF, respectively. A successful procedure to desorb both pollutants from adsorbent by using acetonitrile solutions was achieved, allowing the reuse study whose main results were that after four reusing cycles AC reduced its efficiency to remove DIF and IBF in 28 and 34%, respectively. Finally, the effect of ions, such as nitrate, bicarbonate, and sulfate at concentrations commonly found in natural groundwater on the adsorption of both pollutants onto AC was studied using deionized water. As a result, this study suggests considerable interest of AC in real applications due to its versatility and prolonged reuse to effectively remove anti-inflammatory compounds from natural aqueous solution. Highlights: Optimal conditions for the pollutants adsorption were found by an experimental design Adsorption of pollutants on activated carbon was studied in groundwater samples Good adsorbent properties of activated carbon remained even after 4 reusing cycles Activated carbon exhibited several functional groups and high specific surface area The effect of ions present in groundwater on pollutants adsorption was studied [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, MnO2-loaded KOH-activated biochar material derived from the peel of water caltrop was utilized for the remediation of lead and cadmium from water. MnO2-loaded activated biochar was synthesized using two different concentrations of MnO2 (labelled as Mn1aBC and Mn2aBC). The prepared adsorbents were characterized using XRD, BET, SEM–EDX, TEM, and FTIR. Determination of surface morphology using different characterization techniques revealed that MnO2-loaded activated biochar possesses high surface area and porous structure. MnO2-loaded KOH-activated biochar displayed greater ability for adsorption than KOH-activated biochar. Mn1aBC was found to be most efficient for lead and cadmium remediation. The removal capacity of Mn1aBC for lead and cadmium was 116.96 and 102.67 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption procedure followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and langmuir isotherm signifying monolayer chemisorption. Statistical approaches of central composite design (CCD) have been employed to optimize the study parameters for adsorption process. A detail mechanism has been elucidated through CCD plots by fitting the data obtained from the batch analysis of kinetics, isotherm, variation of pH, and dose, which reveals to optimize the parameters for the adsorption process of the lead and cadmium onto the surface of the newly developed biochar to implement the process for the natural water system. According to the RSM plots, the removal efficiency of Mn1aBC was observed to increase with increasing pH and time, while it decreased with increasing initial ion concentration. The observation that there was a high correlation between predicted and experimental data demonstrated the model's effectiveness in predicting the optimum conditions for maximum efficiency. The developed adsorbent used for the study is a low-cost and environmentally friendly material derived from the waste caltrop peel abundantly available. It has been designed to effectively target a broad range of initial concentrations of lead and cadmium in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization inevitably exerts pressure on the surrounding ecological environment, and balancing the relationship between the ecological environment and urbanization is crucial for sustainable urban development. Taking the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) as a case study, this paper utilizes MODIS data and nighttime light data to construct the MODIS Remote Sensing Ecological Index (MRSEI) and Comprehensive Nighttime Light Index (CNLI) distributions to depict ecological environment quality and urbanization levels. Based on this, the Coupled Coordination Degree (CCD) model is employed to calculate the coupling coordination level between the two, and the Geodetector is used to analyze the underlying causes affecting the CCD. The results indicate the following: (1) the overall ecological environment of the YRDUA tends to be stable, but there are significant differences between regions. Areas with deteriorating ecological conditions are concentrated in cities with higher rates of urbanization changes. (2) All cities are developing towards coordination, but there are imbalances in development among different regions. (3) The key factors affecting the CCD are derived from socioeconomic elements rather than natural elements, with the interaction between GDP and DEM having the strongest explanatory power for the CCD. (4) The CNLI is positively correlated with the CCD, the MRSEI is negatively correlated with the CCD, and the level of urbanization is the decisive factor for CCD changes. The research findings can provide theoretical guidance for promoting sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackground and PurposeMethodologyResultsThe consequence of thermal radiation is scrutinized on the heat transport of Nano-diamond/silicon oil and silver/silicon oil nanofluids through a stretching endless plate. The single phase (Tiwari and Das) model is employed for nanofluid. The major objective of this study is to optimize the RSM-based Central composite design modeling to optimization of the heat transfer in dusty Oldroyd-B nanofluid across stretching surface. Additionally the velocity slip effect is considered. The dust particle phase is also taken into account. The significance of viscous dissipation, joule heating, inclined magnetic field with convective condition is investigated.The partial differential equations are developed under consideration, then transform to ODE’s by utilizing similarity tools. The transformed model of ODE’s is tackled numerically via bvp4c MATLAB tool with shooting algorithm. The effect of magnetic parameter, fluid interaction parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, slip parameter and temperature interaction parameter on velocity field and temperature distribution of fluid phase and dust phase is investigated. Furthermore the Nusselt number on the wall is observed for interactive parameters of mass concentration of dust particles, fluid particles interaction parameter for velocity and unsteady parameters utilizing the face-centered Central Composite design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Additionally, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) algorithm and 3D plots are utilized to examine the consequence of experimental design parameters via the response. The recommended model significance has been analyzed in conditions of correlation coefficient (R2), mean square error (MSE), root means square error (RMSE), prediction standard error to acknowledge the most excellent strong.The difference between the Predicted R2 of 0.9467 and the Adjusted R2 of 0.9867 is less than 0.2, which is assumed to be a reasonable concurrence. Furthermore results of the current analysis indicate that velocity gradient for nanofluid is diminishes for larger fluid particle interaction parameter for velocity, while the dust phase velocity is improved. The increment in Temperature gradients is observed via increasing values of the nanoparticle fraction and temperature base fluid particle interaction parameter. From the results it is concluded that skin friction coefficient is reduced with larger magnetic parameter for both mono nanofluids. Furthermore the heat transfer rate is increased by increasing the thermal radiation parameter for both mono nanofluids. It is concluded that silver/silicon oil nanofluid play a higher role in heat transportation as compare to Nano-diamond/silicon oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging into the clinic, the paired imaging device needs to detect trace doses of fluorescent imaging agents. Except for the filtration scheme and excitation light source, the image sensor used will finally determine the detection limitations of NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems. In this review, we investigate the current state-of-the-art image sensors used in NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems and discuss the advantages and limitations of their characteristics, such as readout architecture and noise factors. Finally, the imaging performance of these image sensors is evaluated and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been discovered that the peel of a pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), regarded as a waste product of pumpkin processing, has significant amounts of carotenoids and other antioxidants. This study aims to identify the most effective extraction parameters for an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method to extract the total carotenoids (TCs) and assess the antioxidant activity (AA) of pumpkin peel. To determine the effects of the extraction time, temperature, and material-to-solvent ratio on the recovery of TCs and AA, a response surface methodology utilizing the central composite design (CCD) was used. The extraction temperature (6.25–98.75 °C), extraction duration (13.98–128.98 min), and solvent ratio (0.23–50.23 mL) were the variables studied in the coded form of the experimental plan. The carotenoid concentration varied from 0.53 to 1.06 mg/g DW, while the AA varied from 0.34 to 7.28 µM TE/g DW. The findings indicated that the optimal extraction parameters were an 80 °C temperature, a 10 mL solvent ratio, and a 100 min extraction time. The study confirmed that the optimum extraction conditions resulted in an experimental TC yield of 0.97 mg/g DW and an AA of 7.25 µM TE/g DW. Overall, it should be emphasized that the extraction process can be enhanced by setting the operating factors to maximize the model responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New and innovative technologies have expanded the quality and applications of aluminum welding in the maritime, aerospace, and automotive industries. One such technology is the addition of nanoparticles to aluminum matrices, resulting in improved strength, operating temperature, and stiffness. Furthermore, researchers continue to assess pertinent factors that improve the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of aluminum welding by enabling the optimization of the manufacturing process. Hence, this research explores alternatives, namely cost-effective aluminum welding fillers reinforced with niobium diboride nanoparticles. The goal has been to improve weld quality by employing multi-objective optimization, attained through a central composite design with a response surface model. The model considered three factors: the amount (weight percent) of nanoparticles, melt stirring speed, and melt stirring time. Filler hardness and porosity percentage served as response variables. The optimal parameters for manufacturing this novel filler for the processing conditions studied are 2% nanoparticles present in a melt stirred at 750 rpm for 35.2 s. The resulting filler possessed a 687.4 MPA Brinell hardness and low porosity, i.e., 3.9%. Overall, the results prove that the proposed experimental design successfully identified the optimal processing factors for manufacturing novel nanoparticle-reinforced fillers with improved mechanical properties for potential innovative applications across diverse industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work focuses on preparation of hydroxyapatite from pomegranate peels by precipitation method. The hydroxyapatite derived from pomegranate fruit peels (HA-PP) was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS and BET techniques. The HA-PP has mesoporous in structure and had an area of 99.021 m2/g. Further HA-PP was used as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) ion particles from K2Cr2O7. The adsorption trials were executed and found the optimized solution using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments included parameters like pH 2, initial chromium concentration 200 mg/L, adsorbent loading 0.8 g, and contact time 60 min, respectively. Cr (VI) removal was 89.4 % at the optimum combination of these process parameters. A mathematical and statistical optimizing technique response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to verify the interactive effects of various parameters on the adsorption capacity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to predict the adequacy of the model (F 82.16) shows developed model is valid with R2 value 0.987, and p-value (>0.1). In this the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model are well explained for Cr (VI) adsorption onto HA-PP. This reaction is spontaneous and endothermic, as indicated by the negative change in the standard free energy (ΔG0 = −0.1732) and ΔH0 (+4.71) value at the selected temperature. The ΔS0 (+15.89) further confirms that the randomness increased at the solid-solution interface during adsorption.

Abstract In this research, different Co2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were hydrothermally synthesized by an environmentally friendly, sustainable technique using the extract of P. capillacea for the first time. Co-ZnO was characterized and confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, BET, EDX, SEM, TEM, DRS UV–Vis spectroscopy, and TGA analyses. Dislocation density, micro strains, lattice parameters and volume of the unit cell were measured using XRD results. XRD suggests that the average size of these NPs was between 44.49 and 65.69 nm with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Tauc plot displayed that the optical energy bandgap of ZnO NPs (3.18) slowly declines with Co doping (2.96 eV). Near complete removal of the ciprofloxacin (CIPF) antibiotic was attained using Green 5% of Hy-Co-ZnO in the existence of visible LED light which exhibited maximum degradation efficiency (99%) within 120 min for 30 ppm CIPF initial concentration. The photodegradation mechanism of CIPF using Green Hy-Co-ZnO NPs followed the Pseudo-first-order kinetics. The Green Hy-Co-ZnO NPs improved photocatalytic performance toward CIPF for 3 cycles. The experiments were designed using the RSM (CCD) method for selected parameters such as catalyst dosage, antibiotic dosage, shaking speed, and pH. The maximal CIPF degradation efficiency (96.4%) was achieved under optimum conditions of 39.45 ppm CIPF dosage, 60.56 mg catalyst dosage, 177.33 rpm shaking speed and pH 7.57.

AbstractThe primary objective of the research effort is to establish efficient solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) for benidipine (BD) through the systematic application of a quality-by-design (QbD)-based paradigm. Utilizing Labrafil M 2125 CS, Kolliphor EL, and Transcutol P, the BD-S-SNEDDS were created. The central composite design was adopted to optimize numerous components. Zeta potential, drug concentration, resistance to dilution, pH, refractive index, viscosity, thermodynamic stability, and cloud point were further investigated in the most efficient formulation, BD14, which had a globule size of 156.20 ± 2.40 nm, PDI of 0.25, zeta potential of −17.36 ± 0.18 mV, self-emulsification time of 65.21 ± 1.95 s, % transmittance of 99.80 ± 0.70%, and drug release of 92.65 ± 1.70% at 15 min. S-SNEDDS were formulated using the adsorption process and investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimeter, Scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Optimized S-SNEDDS batch BD14 dramatically decreased blood pressure in rats in contrast to the pure drug and the commercial product, according to a pharmacodynamics investigation. Accelerated stability tests validated the product’s stability. Therefore, the development of oral S-SNEDDS of BD may be advantageous for raising BD's water solubility and expanding their releasing capabilities, thereby boosting oral absorption.

This work briefly discusses the potential applications of the Skipper-CCD technology in astronomy and reviews its current use in dark matter and neutrino experiments. An overview of the ongoing efforts to build multi-kilogram experiments with these sensors is given, in the context of the Oscura experiment. First results from the characterization of Oscura sensors from the first 200 mm wafer-fabrication run with a new vendor are presented. The overall yield of the electron counting capability of these sensors is 71%. A noise of 0.087 e− RMS, with 1225 samples/pix, and a dark current of (0.031±0.013) e−/pix/day at 140 K were measured.

This study reports process optimization studies of silica and zinc oxide-based flame-retardant (FR) coatings on cotton fabric for protective clothing and enhanced flammability properties. The experiments were designed by central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) to assess the synergistic protective effects of silica and zinc oxide FR coating. These prepared sols were coated on cotton fabrics by a simple dip dry cure process. The resulting FR-finished fabrics were characterized by SEM, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and air permeability. SEM results confirmed the homogenous spreading of particles on cotton fabrics. From TGA results, it was noticed that the incorporation of silica and ZnO in the prepared nano-sols results in improved thermal stability of the FR-finished fabrics. These sol–gel-treated FR cotton fabrics showed excellent comfort properties, which shows their suitability for fire-retardant protective clothing. RSM analysis proved that the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values since R2 values for time to ignite, flame spread time, and air permeability were greater than 0.90. The optimized concentration of silica and ZnO in FR-finished fabrics was found to be 0.302% and 0.353%, respectively, which was further confirmed by confirmatory experiments. The optimization analysis successfully optimized the process for synergistic coating of silica and zinc oxide nanoparticles for enhanced flammability properties of FR cotton fabric for protective clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum matrix composites are used in high-temperature applications such pistons, cylinder heads, and blocks for automobile engines. As a result, it's important to evaluate the performance of an aluminium metal matrix composite at high temperatures.in this study, we tried to find out the tribological behaviour of composite Al–SiC at elevated temperatures. The current study examines the wear behaviour of an Al–SiC composite with 20 percent SiC and 100 µm size powder reinforcement at different temperatures. The composite specimens are made using the centrifugal casting method, which results in considerable segregation of reinforcement on the composite's outer layer, which is exposed to wear. Response surface methodology (RSM) method is used to create experimental designs and for mathematical equation development. The wear test is carried out on a pin-on-disc device with a heating chamber.The study reveals that temperature has a significant impact on the rate of wear. The wear is predicted using a mathematical model based on regression. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to investigate the worn-out surface, X ray diffraction (XRD) test were performed to analyse the purity and verification of particle size. The experiments are carried out in accordance with ASTM guidelines. As a result, at elevated temperature wear of composite increases as temperature increases and above 300 °C high wear have been obseved. According to ANOVA result, Temperature contributes 70.87%, load 4.51% and sliding distance 17.44% on wear. Temperature influence most if compare with sliding distance and load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigation explores the wear and coefficient of friction (CoF) performance of aluminium silicon carbide composite (Al-SiC) at elevated temperature. This research aims to find out the effect of temperature on wear of composite for higher temperature application of Al-SiC composite like cylinder liners, cylinder head and block, pistons, etc. Al-SiC 20% composite made by centrifugal casting, Response surface method central composite design model design used to perform experiments by varying elevated temperature (100–300 °C), load (10–20 N) and sliding distance (500–1000 m). Wear and CoF were calculated by experiment and for optimization Grey relational analysis optimization tool were applied. The wear test were performed by pin-on-disc tester machine with heating chamber to create temperature at the time of wear, the study reveals that the temperature influence wear and CoF if compare with normal condition, elevated temperature increases the wear rate. Scanning electron microscope images were taken to study the worn-out surfaces of composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, different Co2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were hydrothermally synthesized by an environmentally friendly, sustainable technique using the extract of P. capillacea for the first time. Co-ZnO was characterized and confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, BET, EDX, SEM, TEM, DRS UV–Vis spectroscopy, and TGA analyses. Dislocation density, micro strains, lattice parameters and volume of the unit cell were measured using XRD results. XRD suggests that the average size of these NPs was between 44.49 and 65.69 nm with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Tauc plot displayed that the optical energy bandgap of ZnO NPs (3.18) slowly declines with Co doping (2.96 eV). Near complete removal of the ciprofloxacin (CIPF) antibiotic was attained using Green 5% of Hy-Co-ZnO in the existence of visible LED light which exhibited maximum degradation efficiency (99%) within 120 min for 30 ppm CIPF initial concentration. The photodegradation mechanism of CIPF using Green Hy-Co-ZnO NPs followed the Pseudo-first-order kinetics. The Green Hy-Co-ZnO NPs improved photocatalytic performance toward CIPF for 3 cycles. The experiments were designed using the RSM (CCD) method for selected parameters such as catalyst dosage, antibiotic dosage, shaking speed, and pH. The maximal CIPF degradation efficiency (96.4%) was achieved under optimum conditions of 39.45 ppm CIPF dosage, 60.56 mg catalyst dosage, 177.33 rpm shaking speed and pH 7.57. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects a wide range of populations and is the primary cause of death in various countries. The treatment of AD is still restricted to oral conventional medicines that act only superficially. Fabrication of intranasal solid lipid nanoparticulate system for the uptake of therapeutic agents will act as a convincing approach with limited off-site toxicity and increased pharmacological activity. The objective of this study was to formulate, optimize, and evaluate the efficiency of rivastigmine tartrate (RT)-loaded intranasal solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) employing the solvent-evaporation diffusion method. To optimize the formulation parameters, the central composite design (CCD) was used. Lipid concentration (X1) and surfactant concentration (X2) were considered to be independent variables, while particle size (Y1), percentage entrapment efficiency (Y2), and percentage drug release (Y3) were considered as responses. The solid lipid was glyceryl monostearate, while the surfactant was polysorbate 80. The optimized formulation has a particle size of 110.2 nm, % entrapment efficiency of 82.56%, and % drug release of 94.86%. The incompatibility of drug excipients was established by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nasal histopathology tests on sheep mucosa revealed that the developed SLNs were safe to utilize for intranasal delivery with no toxicity. Ex vivo permeation investigations revealed that the flux and diffusion coefficients for RT solid lipid nanoparticles and RT solution were 3.378 g/cm² /h and 0.310-3 cm² /h, respectively. Stability studies demonstrated that the developed SLNs were stable when stored under various storage conditions. The viability and vitality of adopting a lipid particle delivery system for improved bioavailability via the intranasal route were also established in the in vivo pharmacokinetic investigations. According to the histopathological and pharmacokinetic investigations, the developed formulations were safe, non-lethal, efficient, and robust. These results suggest the potentiality provided by rivastigmine tartrate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for nasal delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare disease, manifested by anomalies in the skull, face, teeth, thorax, clavicle, extremities, and short stature. The disease is caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, which is involved in the differentiation of cells that give rise and formation of bones. In this study, the genetic material of four patients and their families was analyzed, with the purpose of identifying changes in the sequence of the RUNX2 gene, finding three new changes and one change already reported in the literature. One patient presented cataract and damage to the retina of the eye, and data were not reported in other patients. A bioinformatic analysis of the RUNX2 protein was carried out with the aim of predicting mechanisms, such as the function, stability, and conformation of the protein, and of trying to understand its relationship with the variable presentation of signs and symptoms in this condition. These results can be useful in the genetic counselling of patients. Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by persistent open skull sutures with bulging calvaria, hypoplasia, or aplasia of clavicles permitting abnormal opposition of the shoulders; wide public symphysis; short middle phalanx of the fifth fingers; and vertebral, craniofacial, and dental anomalies. It is a rare disease, with a prevalence of 1–9/1,000,000, high penetrance, and variable expression. The gene responsible for CCD is the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. We characterize the clinical, genetic, and bioinformatic results of four CCD cases: two cases within Mexican families with six affected members, nine asymptomatic individuals, and two sporadic cases with CCD, with one hundred healthy controls. Genomic DNA analyses of the RUNX2 gene were performed for Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the function, stability, and structural changes of the mutated RUNX2 proteins. Three novel heterozygous mutations (c.651_652delTA; c.538_539delinsCA; c.662T>A) and a previously reported mutation (c.674G>A) were detected. In silico analysis showed that all mutations had functional, stability-related, and structural alterations in the RUNX2 protein. Our results show novel mutations that enrich the pool of RUNX2 gene mutations with CCD. Moreover, the proband 1 presented clinical data not previously reported that could represent an expanded phenotype of severe expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: IgE antibodies to cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are usually clinically irrelevant but they can be a cause of false positive outcomes of allergen‐specific IgE tests in vitro. Their prevalence and levels have been so far cross‐sectionally examined among adult allergic patients and much less is known about their origins and relevance in childhood. Methods: We examined CCD with a cross‐sectional approach in 1263 Italian pollen allergic children (Panallergen in Paediatrics, PAN‐PED), as well as with a longitudinal approach in 612 German children (Multicenter Allergy Study, MAS), whose cutaneous and IgE sensitization profile to a broad panel of allergen extracts and molecules was already known. The presence and levels of IgE to CCD were examined in the sera of both cohorts using bromelain (MUXF3) as reagent and a novel chemiluminescence detection system, operating in a solid phase of fluorescently labelled and streptavidin‐coated paramagnetic microparticles (NOVEOS, HYCOR, USA). Results: IgE to CCD was found in 22% of the Italian pollen allergic children, mainly in association with an IgE response to grass pollen. Children with IgE to CCD had higher total IgE levels and were sensitized to more allergenic molecules of Phleum pratense than those with no IgE to CCD. Among participants of the German MAS birth cohort study, IgE to CCD emerged early in life (even at pre‐school age), with IgE sensitization to group 1 and 4 allergen molecules of grasses, and almost invariably persisted over the full observation period. Conclusions: Our results contribute to dissect the immunological origins, onset, evolution and risk factors of CCD‐sIgE response in childhood, and raise the hypothesis that group 1 and/or 4 allergen molecules of grass pollen are major inducers of these antibodies through an antigen‐specific, T‐B cell cognate interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the settling performance of lateritic nickel ores in the Counter Current Decantation (CCD) thickeners following the High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) process was investigated in detail. The samples used within the scope of the study were obtained from the overflow of the 2nd CCD thickener under the condition that Manisa-Gördes and Eskişehir-Karaçam lateritic nickel ores were fed to the plant at different times. A series of settling tests were performed for both ores using anionic, cationic, and nonionic flocculants of various ionicity and molecular weight. Sedimentation performance was evaluated based on parameters such as settling time, clarity, and compression. To determine the optimum conditions for the tests, a preliminary test was performed, and the pulp solids content was determined as 7% and the flocculant dosage as 850 g/t. According to the test results, nonionic and very low anionic flocculants gave better results. It was found that flocculation was negatively affected with increasing anionicity, and results could be obtained only with very low anionicity flocculants. It was determined that the settling rate was very fast with cationic flocculants, but the amount of compression was not favorable, especially for Gördes ore. However, it is envisaged that the amount of consumption can be reduced if cationic flocculants are used especially for Karaçam ore. When a comparison was made between the ores, similar results were obtained in general and only for Karaçam ore, thickener underflow density gave a successful result for all flocculant performances. On the other hand, it was concluded that variable ore structures and unstable process parameters influence the flocculant adsorption mechanisms and thus on the settling behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, waste plastics made a significant environmental problems. Chemical converting of the polymers to valuable liquids is a promising method to solve the problem and make excellent benefit. This study investigates the utilization of kaolin, a natural resource, for synthesizing zeolite Na-A and significance of the catalyst crystallinity on the catalytic cracking of a 50:50 mixture of polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This research aims to identify the optimal hydrothermal conditions for producing crystalline zeolite Na-A and evaluate the effect of crystallinity of synthesized zeolite Na-A on production of liquids. A central composite design (CCD) model is employed to achieve this, selecting three independent variables: hydrothermal temperature (80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 °C), the molarity of the alkaline solution (NaOH concentration = 1,2,3,4 and 5 molar), and hydrothermal time (8, 10.43, 14, 17.56 and 20 h). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determines the functional groups which proves the presence of sodium aluminosilicate in the synthesized zeolite. The crystallinity of the produced zeolite Na-A is evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, optimizing the results using the CCD model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals well-formed cubic crystalline structures of zeolite Na-A. The optimum conditions for polymer cracking are determined as hydrothermal temperature of 89 °C, a hydrothermal time of 13 h, and a NaOH molarity of 2.8, while predicted liquid production was obtained 81%. The analysis of ANOVA indicates that the designed model based on CCD calculations is valid for prediction of the process. Finally, gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is employed to characterize the main resulting value-added components (styrene, toluene, and ethylbenzene) under optimum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the SMILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their performance. In order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager, an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance level. Three CCDs have been characterised, the two flight devices and the flight spare. This has been carried out at the Open University in a bespoke cleanroom measurement facility. The results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spare which increases in size with temperature. However at the nominal operating temperature (−120 °C) it is within the procurement specifications. Overall, the devices meet the specifications when operating at −120 °C in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science mode. The serial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame mode. However any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

Abstract The sequence of a carboxy-terminal of the β-lactam sensor-transducer protein (BlaR-CTD) from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580 was extracted from US7745193B2 patent and expressed in E. coli using pColdI vector as a soluble His-tag recombinant protein. In this study, several excipients were used to improve the stability of recombinant BlaR-CTD and obtain the optimal formulation for this protein using response surface methodology (RSM)/ Central Composite Design (CCD). Total protein concentration was measured by UV spectroscopy and the Bradford test. A total of 7 various factors were designed using four different excipients including Glycerol, Sucrose, Triton x-100, and Tween-20, and three different buffers like Tris, Borate, and PBS. By obtaining suitable excipients and buffer i.e. glycerol and sucrose, pH ranging from 7 to 9 were evaluated. The pH 7.62, glycerol 15.35%, and sucrose 152.52 mM were determined as the most suitable for improving the thermal stability of recombinant BlaR-CTD.

Abstract While the Protein Data Bank (PDB) contains a wealth of structural information on ligands bound to macromolecules, their analysis can be challenging due to the large amount and diversity of data. Here, we present PDBe CCDUtils, a versatile toolkit for processing and analysing small molecules from the PDB in PDBx/mmCIF format. PDBe CCDUtils provides streamlined access to all the metadata for small molecules in the PDB and offers a set of convenient methods to compute various properties using RDKit, such as 2D depictions, 3D conformers, physicochemical properties, scaffolds, common fragments, and cross-references to small molecule databases using UniChem. The toolkit also provides methods for identifying all the covalently attached chemical components in a macromolecular structure and calculating similarity among small molecules. By providing a broad range of functionality, PDBe CCDUtils caters to the needs of researchers in cheminformatics, structural biology, bioinformatics and computational chemistry. Graphical Abstract

This research explores how variations in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters—laser power (P), scanning speed (v), and base plate preheating temperature (ϑp)—affect the mechanical properties of the EOS Co-Cr SP2 dental alloy. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process parameters. Mechanical testing focused on crucial properties for dental applications, including yield strength (Rp0.2), elongation (ε), toughness (KVa), and flexural strength (Rms). Microstructural analysis was conducted using light and electron microscopy, while XRD identified microstructural phases. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc test, α = 0.05) revealed significant effects of P, v, and ϑp on the mechanical properties. Response surface models (RSMs) were developed, and optimal parameters were determined to achieve maximum toughness and flexural strength. Maximum values were obtained with laser power above 205 W and base plate preheating at 310 °C. The mathematical model predicted toughness values with less than 5% deviation from experimental results, indicating high accuracy.