1. Analysis of 2-methylcitric acid, methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine in dried blood spots by LC-MS/MS for application in the newborn screening laboratory: A dual derivatization approach
- Author
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Bojana Rakic, Hilary Vallance, Joshua A. Dubland, and Graham Sinclair
- Subjects
Newborn screening ,MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry ,2-Methylcitric acid ,Homocysteine ,Clinical Biochemistry ,rpm, revolutions per minute ,Methylmalonic acid ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,MMA, methylmalonic acid ,NBS, newborn screening ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,DMAP, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine ,Met, methionine ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,HCl, hydrochloric acid ,health care economics and organizations ,DBS, dried blood spot ,Spectroscopy ,FA, formic acid ,ESI, electrospray ionization ,Second-tier ,LC, liquid chromatography ,food and beverages ,Regular Article ,Dried blood spot ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Specimen collection ,S/N, signal-to-noise ,GC, gas chromatography ,Phe, phenylalanine ,DAABD-AE, 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7-(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole ,LLOQ, lower limit of quantitation ,Analyte ,HCY, homocysteine ,education ,MCA, 2-methylcitric acid ,Cbl, cobalamin ,Microbiology ,LLOD, lower limit of detection ,GPCho’s, glycerophosphocholines ,health services administration ,EDC, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ,Medical technology ,C2, acetylcarnitine ,R855-855.5 ,Derivatization ,CBS, cystathionine β-synthase ,MPs, mobile phases ,Chromatography ,Mass spectrometry ,C3, propionylcarnitine ,PPV, positive predictive value ,QC, quality control ,MS, mass spectrometry ,chemistry ,DTT, dithiothreitol ,MRM, multiple reaction monitoring - Abstract
Highlights • Analysis of 2-methylcitric acid, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine in DBS. • A dual derivatization LC-MS/MS strategy developed for use in second-tier NBS. • Second-tier panel replaces multiple initial follow-up tests. • Improved workflows without the use of ion pairing reagents in the LC mobile phases. • Anticipated increase in diagnostic specificity and reduction of parental anxiety., Inborn errors of propionate, cobalamin and methionine metabolism are targets for Newborn Screening (NBS) in most programs world-wide, and are primarily screened by analyzing for propionyl carnitine (C3) and methionine in dried blood spot (DBS) cards using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Single-tier NBS approaches using C3 and methionine alone lack specificity, which can lead to an increased false-positive rate if conservative cut-offs are applied to minimize the risk of missing cases. Implementation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) second-tier testing for 2-methylcitric acid (MCA), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and homocysteine (HCY) from the same DBS card can improve disease screening performance by reducing the false-positive rate and eliminating the need for repeat specimen collection. However, DBS analysis of MCA, MMA, and HCY by LC-MS/MS is challenging due to limited specimen size and analyte characteristics leading to a combination of low MS/MS sensitivity and poor reverse-phase chromatographic retention. Sufficient MS response and analytical performance can be achieved for MCA by amidation using DAABD-AE and by butylation for MMA and HCY. Herein we describe the validation of a second-tier dual derivatization LC-MS/MS approach to detect elevated MCA, MMA, and HCY in DBS cards for NBS. Clinical utility was demonstrated by retrospective analysis of specimens, an interlaboratory method comparison, and assessment of external proficiency samples. Imprecision was
- Published
- 2021