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14 results on '"CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER)"'

1. Integrated Plan of Insecticide Resistance Surveillance in Mosquito Vectors in France

Author

James Devillers, Jean-Philippe David, Benoit Barrès, Haoues Alout, Bruno Lapied, Sébastien Chouin, Isabelle Dusfour, Catherine Billault, Farida Mekki, Isabelle Attig, Vincent Corbel, Centre de Traitement de l'Information Scientifique (CTIS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SFR UA 4207 QUAlité et SAnté du Végétal (QUASAV), Université d'Angers (UA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Conseil départemental de la Charente-Maritime, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Direction de l'évaluation des produits réglementés (DEPR), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)

Subjects
mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito surveillance, arboviruses, Insect Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], insecticide resistance, France
Abstract

International audience; Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, or chikungunya have been re-emerging all over the world, including in Europe. Managing resistance to public health pesticides in mosquitoes is essential and requires global, integrated, and coordinated actions and strong engagement of decision-makers, scientists, and public health operators. In this context, the present work aims at proposing an integrated plan of resistance surveillance in France and in the French Overseas territories in order to provide graduated and appropriate responses according to the situation. Briefly, the plan relies on periodic monitoring of insecticide resistance at the population level in predefined sites using adequate biological, molecular, and/or biochemical approaches and a stratification of the level of resistance risk at the scale of territory to adjust surveillance and vector control actions. The plan relies on the latest methods and indicators used for resistance monitoring as recommended by the World Health Organization in order to prevent or slow down its extension in space and time. The plan has been developed for France but can be easily adapted to other countries in order to provide a coordinated response to the growing problem of mosquito resistance in Europe.

Published
2023
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2. Monitoring systems for resistance to plant protection products across the world: Between redundancy and complementarity

Author

network, R4P, Barrès, Benoit, Corio-Costet, Marie-France, Debieu, Daniele, Délye, Christophe, Fillinger, Sabine, Gauffre, Bertrand, Le Goff, Gaëlle, Grosman, Jacques, Hannachi, Mourad, DE JERPHANION, Pauline, Jorgensen, Lise Nistrup, Plantamp, Christophe, Siegwart, Myriam, Walker, Anne-Sophie, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Direction Régionale de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt Rhône-Alpes (DRAAF Rhône Alpes), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Aarhus University [Aarhus], French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) via the tax on sales of plant protection products, and Plant Health division of INRAE

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, herbicide, fungicide, Redundancy (engineering), institutional analysis and development, Human Development Index, health care economics and organizations, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Resistance (ecology), insecticide, Monitoring system, General Medicine, Environmental economics, pesticide resistance monitoring, Resistance monitoring, Reliability engineering, 010602 entomology, Insect Science, Complementarity (molecular biology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, surveillance, Business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

BACKGROUNDMonitoring resistance to Plant Protection Products (PPPs) is crucial for understanding the evolution of resistances in bioagressors, thereby allowing scientists to design sound bioagressor management strategies. Globally, resistance monitoring is implemented by a wide range of actors that fall into three distinct categories: academic, governmental, and private. The purpose of this study was to investigate worldwide diversity in PPP resistance monitoring systems, and to shed light on their different facets.RESULTSA large survey involving 162 experts from 48 countries made it possible to identify and analyze 250 resistance monitoring systems. Through an in-depth analysis, the features of the different monitoring systems were identified. The main factor differentiating monitoring systems was essentially the capabilities (funding, manpower, technology, etc.) of the actors involved in each system. In most countries, and especially in those with a high Human Development Index, academic, governmental, and private monitoring systems coexist. Overall, systems focus far more on monitoring established resistances than on the detection of emerging resistances. Governmental and private resistance monitoring systems generally have considerable capacities to generate data, whereas academic resistance monitoring systems are more specialized. Governmental actors federate and enroll a wider variety of stakeholders.CONCLUSIONThe results show functional complementarities between the coexisting actors in countries where they coexist. We suggest PPP resistance monitoring might be enhanced if the different actors focus more on detecting emerging resistances (and associated benefits) and increase collaborative and collective efforts and transparency.

Published
2021
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3. Host plants and insecticides shape the evolution of genetic and clonal diversity in a major aphid crop pest

Author

Lise Roy, Benoit Barrès, Cécile Capderrey, Frédérique Mahéo, Annie Micoud, Maurice Hullé, Jean‐Christophe Simon, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and FranceAgrimer (projects FAM-2013-0641 and Resaphid)

Subjects
agricultural landscape, temporal dynamics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Myzus persicae, Genetics, insecticide resistance, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, gene flow, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of pesticide resistance at the landscape scale is essential to anticipate the evolution and spread of new resistance phenotypes. In crop mosaics, host plant specialization in pest populations is likely to dampen the spread of pesticide resistance between different crops even in mobile pests such as aphids. Here, we assessed the contribution of host-based genetic differentiation to the dynamics of resistance alleles in Myzus persicae, a major aphid pest which displays several insecticide resistance mechanisms. We obtained a representative sample of aphids from a crop mosaic through a suction trap for 7 years and from various crops as a reference collection. We genotyped these aphids at 14 microsatellite markers and four insecticide-resistant loci, analyzed the genetic structure, and assigned host-based genetic groups from field-collected aphids. Four well-defined genetic clusters were found in aerial samples, three of which with strong association with host-plants. The fourth group was exclusive to aerial samples and highly divergent from the others, suggesting mixture with a closely related taxon of M. persicae associated with unsampled plants. We found a sharp differentiation between individuals from peach and herbaceous plants. Individuals from herbaceous hosts were separated into two genetic clusters, one more strongly associated with tobacco. The 4-loci resistance genotypes showed a strong association with the four genetic clusters, indicative of barriers to the spread of resistance. However, we found a small number of clones with resistant alleles on multiple host-plant species, which may spread insecticide resistance between crops. The 7-year survey revealed a rapid turn-over of aphid genotypes as well as the emergence, frequency increase and persistence of clones with resistance to several families of insecticides. This study highlights the importance of considering landscape-scale population structure to identify the risk of emergence and spread of insecticide resistance for a particular crop.

Published
2022
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4. Distribution of invasive versus native whitefly species and their pyrethroid knock‑down resistance allele in a context of interspecific hybridization

Author

Alizée, Taquet, Hélène, Jourdan-Pineau, Christophe, Simiand, Martial, Grondin, Benoit, Barrès, Hélène, Delatte, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de La Réunion - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies (FST), Université de La Réunion (UR), CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), and The authors are grateful to all farmers from La Reunion whom welcomed us in their fields for sampling whitefly. This study was funded by the CIRAD, the 'Conseil Regional de La Reunion' and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). A. Taquet is a recipient of a PhD fellowship from the CIRAD and Anses. The authors acknowledge the Plant Protection Platform (3P, IBISA) where all experiments were conducted.

Subjects
Hemiptera, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutation, Pyrethrins, Animals, Humans, Alleles
Abstract

International audience; The invasion success of a species in an agrosystem is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as the use of insecticides, by the intrinsic evolutionary capabilities of the species, and also by interactions with resident species. On the island of La Réunion, the successive invasions of MEAM1 and MED whitefly species over the last 20 years have not only led an increased use of insecticides, but have also challenged the resident IO species. To trace the evolution of the 3 species, and the distribution of the kdr mutation (resistance to pyrethroid) in the para-type voltage-gated sodium channel, we genotyped 41 populations (using neutral nuclear markers) and look at the prevalence of the kdr allele. MEAM1 was predominantly present in agrosystems showing quasi fixation of the resistant kdr allele whereas IO was mainly in natural environments and did not have any resistant allele. Hybridization between the two former species was detected in low frequency but has not led to introgression of resistant alleles in the resident species so far. MED showed a limited distribution in agrosystems but all individuals displayed a resistant allele. These highly contrasting patterns of distribution and resistant mutations between invasive and resident whitefly species are further discussed.

Published
2022
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5. A high diversity of mechanisms endows ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

Author

Séverine Michel, Séverine Fontaine, Christophe Délye, Benoit Barrès, Fanny Pernin, Valérie Le Corre, Laëtitia Caddoux, Ingvild Loubet, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and AnsesPhytopharmacovigilanceDirection Generale de l'Alimentation of the French Ministere de l'Agriculture within the framework of the Ecophyto 2 national planFrench Agency for Biodiversity

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ragweed, Genotype, Science, Plant Weeds, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Gene flow, Plant evolution, Herbicide resistance, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bioassay, Allele, Alleles, Phylogeny, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Invasive species, Geography, Resistance (ecology), Herbicides, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Acetolactate Synthase, Natural variation in plants, Amino Acid Substitution, Mutation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Medicine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, France, Ambrosia, Weed, Herbicide Resistance, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) is a globally invasive, allergenic, troublesome arable weed. ALS-inhibiting herbicides are broadly used in Europe to control ragweed in agricultural fields. Recently, ineffective treatments were reported in France. Target site resistance (TSR), the only resistance mechanism described so far for ragweed, was sought using high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing in 213 field populations randomly sampled based on ragweed presence. Additionally, non-target site resistance (NTSR) was sought and its prevalence compared with that of TSR in 43 additional field populations where ALS inhibitor failure was reported, using herbicide sensitivity bioassay coupled with ALS gene Sanger sequencing. Resistance was identified in 46 populations and multiple, independent resistance evolution demonstrated across France. We revealed an unsuspected diversity of ALS alleles underlying resistance (9 amino-acid substitutions involved in TSR detected across 24 populations). Remarkably, NTSR was ragweed major type of resistance to ALS inhibitors. NTSR was present in 70.5% of the resistant plants and 74.1% of the fields harbouring resistance. A variety of NTSR mechanisms endowing different resistance patterns evolved across populations. Our study provides novel data on ragweed resistance to herbicides, and emphasises that local resistance management is as important as mitigating gene flow from populations where resistance has arisen.

Published
2021
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6. How varying parameters impact insecticide resistance bioassay: An example on the worldwide invasive pest Drosophila suzukii

Author

Lucile Blouquy, Claire Mottet, Jérôme Olivares, Christophe Plantamp, Myriam Siegwart, Benoit Barrès, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Male, Insecticides, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Insecticide Resistance, Pyrethrins, Ecology, Drosophila Melanogaster, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Animal Models, Insects, Experimental Organism Systems, Medicine, Biological Assay, Drosophila, Female, Agrochemicals, Research Article, Arthropoda, Ecological Metrics, Science, Research and Analysis Methods, Insect Control, Lethal Dose 50, Model Organisms, Nitriles, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Pesticides, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Genetic Variation, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, Invertebrates, Animal Studies, Phosmet, Pest Control, Introduced Species, Zoology, Entomology, Population Genetics
Abstract

International audience; Monitoring pesticide resistance is essential for effective and sustainable agricultural practices. Bioassays are the basis for pesticide-resistance testing, but devising a reliable and reproducible method can be challenging because these tests are carried out on living organisms. Here, we investigated five critical parameters and how they affected the evaluation of resistance to the organophosphate phosmet or the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin using a tarsal-contact protocol on Drosophila suzukii , a worldwide invasive pest. Three of the parameters were related to insect biology: (i) sex, (ii) age of the imago (adult stage) and (iii) genetic diversity of the tested population. The two remaining parameters were linked to the experimental setup: (iv) the number of individuals tested per dose and (v) the duration of exposure to the active ingredient. Results showed that response to insecticide differed depending on sex, males being twice as susceptible to phosmet as females. Age principally affected young females’ susceptibility to phosmet, because 0–24 hour-old flies were twice as susceptible as 24–48 hour-old and 72–96 hour-old females. Genetic diversity had no observable effect on resistance levels. The precision and accuracy of the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) were greatly affected by the number of individuals tested per dose with a threshold effect. Finally, optimal duration of exposure to the active ingredient was 24 h, as we found an underestimation of mortality when assessed between 1 and 5 h after exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. None of the main known point mutations on the para sodium channel gene associated with a knockdown effect were observed. Our study demonstrates the importance of calibrating the various parameters of a bioassay to develop a reliable method. It also provides a valuable and transferable protocol for monitoring D . suzukii resistance worldwide.

Published
2021
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7. Large-scale geography survey provides insights into the colonization history of a major aphid pest on its cultivated apple host in Europe, North America and North Africa

Author

Carine Remoue, Lene Sigsgaard, Ludwig Jardillier, A. Agnello, Agnès Rousselet, Elizabeth H. Beers, I. Balti, H. Belcram, H. Tu, J.M. Ricard, R. Andreev, T. Belien, Matthieu Falque, J. Razmjou, Sunil Simon, Tatiana Giraud, L. Tournant, L. Momont, M. Roth, I. A. Zakharov, Amandine Cornille, Laure Benoit, T.M. Ursu, A. Haddioui, Amel Salhi-Hannachi, Myriam Harry, E. Guibert, C. Mottet, Karsten Mody, O. Grandcolas, Stine K. Jacobsen, A. Roman, A. Degrave, H. Zhang, E. Dapena, J. Engelman, Marcos Miñarro, Gwendoline M. David, Jean-Christophe Simon, Georgina Alins, Anthony Venon, Emmanuelle Jousselin, F. Gazel, S.G. Olvera-Vazquez, Pierre Franck, M. Azrine, Y. Khachtib, S. Oram, P. Deschamps, Maxime Galan, A. Alhmedi, Benoit Barrès, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (pcfruit npo), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA-Fruit Production), Université Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS ), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Agricultural University [Plovdiv], Unité Expérimentale de Recherches Intégrées en Production Fruitière (UERI), Ctifl - Centre de Balandran (Ctifl - Centre de Balandran), Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL), Fédération Régionale de Défense contre les Organismes Nuisibles du Nord Pas de Calais (FREDON Nord Pas de Calais), Unité d'arboriculture (BORDX ARBORI UE), Hochschule Geisenheim University, Institute of Biological Research Cluj, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, People's Trust for Endangered Species (PTES), Cornell University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University (WSU), Virginia Tech (VT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA), University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, and Servicio Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Demographic history, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], apple, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, expansion, Buchnera, pest, Colonization, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Aphid, Genetic diversity, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, business.industry, Ecology, Host (biology), [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Pest control, ABC-RF, 15. Life on land, colonization, biology.organism_classification, Geography, aphid, endosymbiotic bacteria, PEST analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 88 gene flow
Abstract

With frequent host shifts involving the colonization of new hosts across large geographical ranges, crop pests are good models for examining the mechanisms of rapid colonization. The microbial partners of pest insects may also be involved in or affected by colonization processes, which has been little studied so far. We investigated the demographic history of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, a major pest of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica) in Europe, North Africa and North America, as well as the diversity of its microbiota. We genotyped a comprehensive sample of 714 colonies from Europe, Morocco and the US using mitochondrial (CytB and CO1), bacterial (16s rRNA and TrnpB), and 30 microsatellite markers. We detected five populations spread across the US, Morocco, Western and Eastern Europe and Spain. Populations showed weak genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity, except the ones from Morocco and North America that are likely the result of recent colonization events. Coalescent-based inferences revealed high levels of gene flow among populations during the colonization but did not allow determining the sequence of colonization of Europe, North America and Morroco by D. plantaginea, likely because of the weak genetic differentiation and the occurrence of gene flow among populations. We found that D. plantaginea rarely hosts other endosymbiotic bacteria than its obligate nutritional symbiont Buchnera aphidicola. This suggests that secondary endosymbionts did not play an important role in the rapid spread of the rosy apple aphid. These findings have fundamental importance for understanding pest colonization processes and implications for sustainable pest control programs.

Published
2020
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8. Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection

Author

Jenalle L. Eck, Rachel M. Penczykowski, Anna-Liisa Laine, Elina Numminen, Fletcher W. Halliday, Benoit Barrès, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biorobotics Lab (University of Washington), University of Washington [Seattle], CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Helsinki, University of Zurich Academy of FinlandEuropean Commission296686European Research Council (ERC)European CommissionRESISTANCE 724508, European Project: 724508,RESISTANCE, University of Zurich, Halliday, Fletcher W, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Ascomycota, Genotype, medicine, Animals, Humans, Parasite hosting, Parasites, Epidemics, education, Plantago, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Community, Spatial structure, Coinfection, Host (biology), Strain (biology), medicine.disease, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030104 developmental biology, Podosphaera plantaginis, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 2303 Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Host individuals are often coinfected with diverse parasite assemblages, resulting in complex interactions among parasites within hosts. Within hosts, priority effects occur when the infection sequence alters the outcome of interactions among parasites. Yet, the role of host immunity in this process remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the host response to the first infection could generate priority effects among parasites, altering the assembly of later-arriving strains during epidemics. We tested this by infecting sentinel host genotypes ofPlantago lanceolatawith strains of the fungal parasitePodosphaera plantaginisand measuring susceptibility to subsequent infection during experimental and natural epidemics. In these experiments, prior infection by one strain often increased susceptibility to other strains, and these facilitative priority effects altered the structure of parasite assemblages, but this effect depended on host genotype, host population and parasite genotype. Thus, host genotype, spatial structure and priority effects among strains all independently altered parasite assembly. Using a fine-scale survey and sampling of infections on wild hosts in several populations, we then identified a signal of facilitative priority effects, which altered parasite assembly during natural epidemics. Together, these results provide evidence that within-host priority effects of early-arriving strains can drive parasite assembly, with implications for how strain diversity is spatially and temporally distributed during epidemics.By combining an analysis of common garden and field experiments, together with a survey of wild hosts, the authors show that prior infection by a plant fungal parasite increases susceptibility to infection by other strains and that this priming effect influences the assembly of the parasite community.

Published
2020
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9. Insecticide resistance and fitness cost in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invasive and resident species in La Réunion Island

Author

Hélène Delatte, Hélène Jourdan‐Pineau, Martial Grondin, Alizée Taquet, Benoit Barrès, Christophe Simiand, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and CIRAD Conseil Regional de La Reunion European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) Anses

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Agroecosystem, H01 - Protection des végétaux - Considérations générales, Insecticides, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 01 natural sciences, Bemisia tabaci, Invasive species, Insecticide Resistance, chemistry.chemical_compound, santé des plantes, arthropod, Insecticide, Lutte antiravageur, Résistance aux insecticides, biology, Asia, Eastern, Ecology, General Medicine, Hemiptera, field-evolved resistance, Organisme indigène, Coût estimé, Whitefly, Acetamiprid, Animals, Resistance (ecology), toxicity, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, chemical treatments, 010602 entomology, pest management, chemistry, Insect Science, PEST analysis, Reunion, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Espèce envahissante
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Global and intensive use of insecticides has led to the emergence and rapid evolution of resistance in the major pest Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). In La Reunion, an island of the South West Indian Ocean, three whitefly species coexist, two of which are predominant, the indigenous Indian Ocean (IO) and the invasive Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species. To assess the resistance level of both of these species to acetamiprid and pymetrozine, whitefly populations were sampled at 15 collection sites located all over the island in agroecosystems and natural areas, and tested using leaf‐dip bioassays. We also investigated the potential cost of resistance to acetamiprid by measuring six fitness‐related traits for MEAM1 populations that displayed different resistance levels. RESULTS: IO was mainly found in natural areas and was susceptible to both acetamiprid and pymetrozine. MEAM1 populations displayed evidence of high resistance to pymetrozine, whereas resistance to acetamiprid was more variable. No fitness‐related costs were associated with this resistance in MEAM1 populations. CONCLUSION: This is the first assessment of the susceptibility to insecticides for B. tabaci IO species. For the time being, no resistance to the tested insecticides has evolved in this species despite (i) its presence in agroecosystems and their surroundings, and (ii) its close proximity to, and possible hybridization with, the MEAM1 species. In contrast, with continuous selection pressure of insecticide treatments and in the absence of fitness cost to resistance, the invasive exotic species MEAM1 will continue to threaten agriculture in La Reunion. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2020
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10. A young age of subspecific divergence in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, inferred by ABC Random Forest

Author

Louis Raynal, Christophe Plantamp, Christine N. Meynard, Marie Pierre Chapuis, Jean-Michel Marin, Arnaud Estoup, Laurence Blondin, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), This work was supported by research funds from the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), the project ANR-16-CE02-0015 (SWING), the INRA scientific department SPE (AAP-SPE 2016), and the Labex NUMEV (NUMEV, ANR10-LABX-0020). The data used in this work were partly produced through the technical facilities of the Centre Méditerranéen Environnement Biodiversité (CeMEB, ANR-10-LABX-0004), Montpellier, France., ANR-16-CE02-0015,SWING,Invasion mondiale de la drosophile à aile tachetée: Génétique, plasticité et potentiel évolutif(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0020,NUMEV,Digital and Hardware Solutions and Modeling for the Environement and Life Sciences(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, divergence time, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, paleo-vegetation, 03 medical and health sciences, Glacial period, Desert locust, education, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Random Forest, biology, Holocene, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, colonization, Geography, Habitat, Orthoptera, Schistocerca, Approximate Bayesian computation, Locust
Abstract

This article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology.; International audience; Dating population divergence within species from molecular data and relating such dating to climatic and biogeographic changes is not trivial. Yet it can help formulating evolutionary hypotheses regarding local adaptation and future responses to changing environments. Key issues include statistical selection of a demographic and historical scenario among a set of possible scenarios, and estimation of the parameter(s) of interest under the chosen scenario. Such inferences greatly benefit from new statistical approaches including approximate Bayesian computation - Random Forest (ABC-RF), the latter providing reliable inference at a low computational cost, with the possibility to take into account prior knowledge on both biogeographical history and genetic markers. Here, we used ABC-RF, including independent information on evolutionary rate and pattern at microsatellite markers, to decipher the evolutionary history of the African arid-adapted pest locust, Schistocerca gregaria . We found that the evolutionary processes that have shaped the present geographical distribution of the species in two disjoint northern and southern regions of Africa were recent, dating back 2.6 Ky (90% CI: 0.9 – 6.6 Ky). ABC-RF inferences also supported a southern colonization of Africa from a low number of founders of northern origin. The inferred divergence history is better explained by the peculiar biology of S. gregaria , which involves a density-dependent swarming phase with some exceptional spectacular migrations, rather than a continuous colonization resulting from the continental expansion of open vegetation habitats during more ancient Quaternary glacial climatic episodes.

Published
2019
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11. Variable opportunities for outcrossing result in hotspots of novel genetic variation in a pathogen metapopulation

Author

Benoit Barrès, Jukka Sirén, Elina Numminen, Anna-Liisa Laine, University of Zurich, Organismal and Evolutionary Biological Research Programme (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Aalto University-University of Helsinki, European Research Council (ERC)281517Anna-Liisa Laine European Research Council 724508, University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), and Environmental and Ecological Statistics Group

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Evolution of sexual reproduction, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DIVERSITY, RECOMBINATION, Cost of sex, APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION, 01 natural sciences, 2400 General Immunology and Microbiology, RED-QUEEN, Biology (General), Organism, POPULATION, education.field_of_study, Ecology, General Neuroscience, Podosphaera plantaginis, 2800 General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Overwintering, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, 590 Animals (Zoology), Medicine, SEX, epidemiology, COINFECTION, Research Article, QH301-705.5, Neuroscience(all), Science, Population, outcrossing, Metapopulation, Outcrossing, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Ascomycota, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbiology(all), Plantago lanceolata, Genetic variation, Animals, Parasites, education, Plantago, evolution of sex, Genetic diversity, Evolutionary Biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), fungi, Genetic Variation, 113 Computer and information sciences, coinfection, Sexual reproduction, 030104 developmental biology, MAINTENANCE, Evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, EVOLUTIONARY, 570 Life sciences, biology, Other, RESISTANCE
Abstract

Many pathogens possess the capacity for sex through outcrossing, despite being able to reproduce also asexually and/or via selfing. Given that sex is assumed to come at a cost, these mixed reproductive strategies typical of pathogens have remained puzzling. While the ecological and evolutionary benefits of outcrossing are theoretically well-supported, support for such benefits in pathogen populations are still scarce. Here, we analyze the epidemiology and genetic structure of natural populations of an obligate fungal pathogen, Podosphaera plantaginis. We find that the opportunities for outcrossing vary spatially. Populations supporting high levels of coinfection –a prerequisite of sex – result in hotspots of novel genetic diversity. Pathogen populations supporting coinfection also have a higher probability of surviving winter. Jointly our results show that outcrossing has direct epidemiological consequences as well as a major impact on pathogen population genetic diversity, thereby providing evidence of ecological and evolutionary benefits of outcrossing in pathogens., eLife digest The existence of sex – broadly defined as the coming together of genes from different individuals – is one of the big evolutionary puzzles. Reproduction allows an organism to pass on its genes to future generations. However, while asexual and self-fertilizing individuals transmit all of their genes to their offspring, individuals that reproduce through sex transmit only half of their genome. This is considered the cost of sex. Many pathogens reproduce through sex, despite often also being able to reproduce asexually or by self-fertilization. Typically a pre-requisite of sex in pathogens is for at least two different strains to infect the same host. Aside from this limitation, little is known about when, where and why pathogens have sex. It has been tricky to study due to the microscopic size of pathogens and the difficulties of identifying different sexes. Moreover, sexual reproduction may be triggered by environmental cues that are difficult to mimic under controlled experimental conditions. Are there any benefits associated with pathogen sex? To find out, Laine et al. analyzed data collected over the course of four years from thousands of populations of a powdery mildew fungus that infected plants across the Åland islands. This revealed that the opportunities for pathogen sex vary in different locations. Areas where multiple strains of the fungus commonly infect the same plants result in hotspots of new genetic diversity. These mixed populations are also more likely to survive winter. This demonstrates the potential for pathogen sexual reproduction to provide an ecological benefit. Identifying areas and populations where pathogens have sex can help to identify when and where new strains are most likely to emerge. In the future, studies that use similar methods to Laine et al. could help to predict where infections and diseases are highly likely to arise.

Published
2019
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12. Phenotypic plasticity in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii: activity rhythms and gene expression in response to temperature

Author

Stéphane Dray, Christophe Plantamp, Hélène Henri, Gladys Mialdea, Patricia Gibert, Thibault Andrieux, Emmanuel Desouhant, Corinne Régis, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE02-0015,SWING,Invasion mondiale de la drosophile à aile tachetée: Génétique, plasticité et potentiel évolutif(2016), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], and Evolution, adaptation et comportement

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Timeless, MESH: Drosophila, 030310 physiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Drosophila suzukii, Melanogaster, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Circadian rhythm, Molecular Biology, Drosophila, Clock genes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, Functional principal component analysis, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, CLOCK, Drosophila melanogaster, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Invasion biology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Supplementary information available online at http://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.199398.supplemental; International audience; Phenotypic plasticity may contribute to the invasive success of an alien species in a new environment. A highly plastic species may survive and reproduce in more diverse environments, thereby supporting establishment and colonization. We focused on plasticity in the circadian rhythm of activity, which can favour species coexistence in invasion, for the invasive species Drosophila suzukii, which is expected to be a weaker direct competitor than other Drosophila species of the resident community. We compared the circadian rhythms of the locomotor activity in adults and the expression of clock genes in response to temperature in the invasive D. suzukii and the resident Drosophila melanogaster. We showed that D. suzukii is active in a narrower range of temperatures than D. melanogaster and that the activities of the two species overlap during the day, regardless of the temperature. Both species are diurnal and exhibit rhythmic activity at dawn and dusk, with a much lower activity at dawn for D. suzukii females. Our results show that the timeless and clock genes are good candidates to explain the plastic response that is observed in relation to temperature. Overall, our results suggest that thermal phenotypic plasticity in D. suzukii activity is not sufficient to explain the invasive success of D. suzukii and call for testing other hypotheses, such as the release of competitors and/or predators.

Published
2019
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13. Evolution de la résistance aux herbicides chez l’Ambroisie (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) : recherche des déterminismes génétiques et application au diagnostic moléculaire

Author

Loubet, Ingvild, Le Corre, Valérie, Barrès, Benoît, Délye, Christophe, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], séquençage de nouvelle génération (NGS), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, diagnostic, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, résistance, inhibiteurs de l’acétolactate-synthase, transcriptome
Abstract

National audience; Ce projet de thèse considère une plante adventice particulièrement problématique : l’Ambroisie à feuilles d’armoise (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), une espèce impactant à la fois la production agricole et la santé publique (pollen très allergisant et allergénique). Les inhibiteurs de l’acétolactate synthase (ALS), une famille d’herbicides, représentent aujourd’hui le levier le plus efficace pour le contrôle de cette adventice dans les parcelles agricoles. Cependant, des résistances à ces herbicides ont été identifiées chez l’Ambroisie, entrainant des échecs de traitements. Les données disponibles montrent la présence de résistance liée à la cible (mutations structurales de l’ALS), mais l’essentiel de la résistance identifiée semble dû à des mécanismes non liés à la cible (modifications de la régulation, ou des effecteurs, du métabolisme secondaire). L’objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser ces mécanismes de résistance en identifiant leurs déterminants génétiques, puis de développer et valider des outils moléculaires permettant un diagnostic rapide des résistances de ce type, et ainsi d’optimiser le contrôle des populations d’Ambroisie au champ. Le projet met en oeuvre une combinaison de techniques allant de la caractérisation biologique de plantes (tests de sensibilité) au déploiement d’approches de transcriptomique (RNA-seq, comparatif entre plantes résistantes et sensibles). Une fois les mutations en cause dans la résistance identifiée, les techniques de séquençage de nouvelle génération seront utilisées pour développer des méthodes moléculaires de diagnostic « à haut débit » de la résistance.

Published
2019

14. Investigation of the sensitivity of Plasmopara viticola to amisulbrom and ametoctradin in French vineyards using bioassays and molecular tools

Author

Benoit Barrès, Laëtitia Caddoux, Séverine Fontaine, Florent Remuson, CAractérisation et Suivi des Phénomènes d'Evolution de Résistance aux pesticides (CASPER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and ANSES via the tax on sales of plant protection products

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Alternative oxidase, Indoles, Halogenation, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Biology, 01 natural sciences, fungicide resistance, Bioassay, Allele, Gene, Genetics, Cytochrome b, downy mildew, AOX-related resistance, Point mutation, General Medicine, Triazoles, biology.organism_classification, Fungicides, Industrial, grapevine, 010602 entomology, ametoctradin, Pyrimidines, Oomycetes, Insect Science, Plasmopara viticola, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Pest Control, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND Complex III inhibitors are key compounds in the control of Plasmopara viticola. They are prone to the development of resistance, as demonstrated by the emergence of resistance to quinone-outside inhibitors. By using a combination of bioassays and molecular methods, we monitored sensitivity to amisulbrom and ametoctradin in P. viticola populations in French vineyards from 2012 to 2017. RESULTS We found that the alternative oxidase (AOX)-related resistance mechanism was common in French P. viticola populations. Target-site resistance to ametoctradin was first detected in 2015 and is likely caused by a single point mutation in the cytochrome b gene, leading to the S34L substitution. The role of this substitution in resistance to ametoctradin was corroborated by another study using an experimental model. A molecular biology method has been developed to detect the mutant allele. To date, the frequency of this mutation is low in French P. viticola populations and it is often co-detected with the wild-type allele. CONCLUSION Populations of P. viticola displaying evidence of AOX-related resistance were detected for every surveyed year, and their occurrence in French vineyards seems to be increasing over time. This resistance mechanism is currently threatening the efficacy of complex III inhibitors in the field. The low frequency of the S34L allele conferring resistance to ametoctradin, and the instability of resistant phenotypes in some populations, suggest that a fitness cost may be associated with the mutation. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Published
2019
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