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The father–son relationship between Charles the Bald and his eldest son Louis the Stammerer is generally understood as one of hostility and distrust. This article takes several episodes from the final decades of Charles the Bald's reign to question this, re-examining how royal Carolingian fathers and royal Carolingian sons could take steps to overcome previous conflicts and arguing that political ties within the royal family were more robust, and consequently of different significance for our understanding of Carolingian politics, than is usually understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the early Carolingian hagiographic production and its role in the Carolingians rise to power. Attention is paid to the image of Carolingian expansion beyond the Frankish Empire in hagiographical literature, using Frisia as an example, and to the possible role of these writings in legitimising Carolingian conquests. In doing so, it is demonstrated that early Carolingian hagiographic production purposefully glorified the Carolingian ancestors within the chosen narratives and, to some extent, formed the legitimising framework of the Carolingian political and ecclesiastical expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds upon recent scholarship emphasizing the importance of Gregory the Great's Register as a key text of the Carolingian and post‐Carolingian library, exploring by contrast its peculiarly limited reception in England. It first surveys what little evidence we have for its citation by English ecclesiastics (post‐c.1000, mostly via Wulfstan); it then examines the single text in a pre‐Conquest manuscript usually catalogued as a letter from the Register, showing that this has been reworked as an anonymous admonitio to judges (probably bishops). It concludes by reflecting on the implications of this limited reception for our understanding of the later Anglo‐Saxon church – a community otherwise well‐invested in Gregory's memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word cocio (i.e. petty merchant or broker in classical Latin) was a rare term that after a long absence in written Latin reappeared in several Carolingian texts. Scholars have posited a medieval semantic shift from 'merchant' to 'vagabond'. But this article argues that this consensus is erroneous. The Carolingian cocio continued to refer to petty commercial agents, that is, to small merchants. Furthermore, the term's appearance in capitularies and its subsequent medieval vernacular afterlife together suggest that the term was borrowed from (unattested) proto‐Romance usage. A corrected history of the early medieval use of cocio illuminates the relationship between spoken and written Latin as well as aspects of social, religious, and economic history in the Carolingian period, and speaks to the promise of language to shed light on economic realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medieval respect towards progenitors induced not only sentimental feelings but also practical steps, such as sponsoring works of art. In the present study, the family connections of Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia to the Carolingians and to (Saint) Guillaume/Guilhem d'Orange, from the family of the Counts of Autun, have been explored. The possibility of the role of these kinships as a "driving force" behind initiating and sponsoring the epos Willehalm of Wolfram von Eschenbach has been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Carolingian conquest of the Lombard Kingdom in 774, the Duchy of Benevento became an independent principality. Duke Arechis (758–787) proclaimed himself princeps gentis Langobardorum, thus opposing the political authority of the new King of the Lombards, Charlemagne. During the second half of the 8th century, Arechis refounded Salerno as the second capital city of Lombard Southern Italy by building a palace which stood as a marker of his political authority within the urban landscape. When the competition between two factions of the Beneventan aristocracy led to a civil war (839–849), Salerno became first a gathering place for members of the faction opposing Prince Radelchis and then the capital city of a new Lombard principality. By considering both written and archaeological sources, this paper focuses on the social and political aspects that led to the urban development of Salerno and challenged the role of Benevento during the 8th and 9th centuries. Some final considerations contextualise the rise of Capua as a third capital city in Lombard Southern Italy during the 9th and 10th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new publication of a study on the textual history, transmission and significance of the Ho- miliary of Paul the Deacon, one of the oldest collections of homilies from the early Carolingian pe- riod, gives reason to rethink the methodological approach of such a complex manuscript and textual history. In addition the article points out gaps and deals in particular with the hitherto neglected or unknown history of the transmission and impact of the work in the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Catalonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is concerned with the political influence on late Merovingian episcopal hagiographic production and with the changes in the episcopal ideal. It focuses on how key elements such as the origins of the bishop, the manner of his induction into the episcopal office and the relationship between the bishop and the monarch, respectively the relationship between the performance of episcopal duties, political involvement and service at the court, are portrayed in hagiographic production. A method of comparative analysis of late Merovingian hagiographic production associated with Saint Arnulf of Metz, Audoin of Rouen, Eligius of Noyon, Aunemund of Lyon, Leudegar of Autun, and Praejectus of Clermont was applied.

Copyright of MESOS: The Journal of Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies is the property of MESOS: The Journal of Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research presented in the article is to investigate any indications of the military activities of Archbishop Bruno of Cologne and Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg, mainly on the basis of their biographies that were written soon after each of them died. At the same time, it should be noted that the problems under research focus, not so much on the bishops' personal participation in fighting, as on their provision of military support to their rulers and on performing mediation between them and the rebels. The study also focuses on the bishops' roles in fighting against their enemies and their strengthening of the military potential within their dioceses. As a result of research, despite the fact that the biographers, i.e., Ruotger, and Gerhard, avoided mentioning the participation of their protagonists in military operations, a major activity of Bruno and Ulrich in that field has been noted that extended beyond the area of their bishoprics. In the case of Bruno, the scope of his activity encompassed the whole of Lotharingia, and even included the pursuit of the western policy of the realm, while the role of Ulrich was that of a regional character, basically limited to Swabia and neighboring Bavaria. The bishops' major duties included ensuring that the fortifications that had been entrusted to them were in good shape and pursuing appropriate policies towards secular magnates. At the conclusion of the article, there is a mention of a reform that was most probably conducted by Otto I at the end of his reign, which was meant to precisely define the military assistance that secular and ecclesiastical officials were obliged to provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The medieval respect towards progenitors induced not only sentimental feelings but also practical steps, such as sponsoring works of art. In the present study, the family connections of Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia to the Carolingians and to (Saint) Guillaume/Guilhem d’Orange, from the family of the Counts of Autun, have been explored. The possibility of the role of these kinships as a “driving force” behind initiating and sponsoring the epos Willehalm of Wolfram von Eschenbach has been analyzed.

This essay situates Count‐Bishop Oliba of Vic in post‐Carolingian western Europe by comparing his spiritual and political roles to those of contemporary bishops beyond the Pyrenees: Fulbert of Chartres, Gerard of Cambrai, Burchard of Worms, and Aribert of Milan. Although not in direct communication with each other, these men faced similar challenges. Each bishop concentrated on securing the regional levers of power, either assuming the roles traditionally held by counts or else contesting these with actual counts. A major factor differentiating their careers was the presence or absence of strong royal authority, which determined not only their selection as bishops but also the extent to which, after consecration, they were obliged to respond to external authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcassonne G 6, preserving a judicial oath from 833, is an exceptional source for the history of the Spanish March and more generally the workings of power in the Carolingian world. The oath, concerning at first glance a very local dispute, links a body of royal charters with the precepts for the hispani issued by Charlemagne, Louis the Pious and Charles the Bald. This link reveals the close entanglement of localities and centre that structured the better part of western Europe into a political entity. A critical edition, which was not available for this text before, is provided as an appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The confraternity books (Libri vitae) of the Early Middle Ages record the names of individuals to be remembered in liturgical prayer. Since the middle of the 20th century, they have come more sharply into focus as historical source material. The records of rulers were of particular interest even then. In order to understand the lists of rulers in the Liber Vitae, the first subject of study is the development of prayers of remembrance for the living and the dead, and the subsequent emergence and shaping of liturgical commemoration of the ruler from late antiquity to the Carolingian period. These diverse developments merge with those of the liturgical Memoria in the confraternity books, indicating that the monasteries, in particular, were important keepers of monarchical Memoria. Taking as examples the Salzburg Liber Vitae (783) and the Reichenau Confraternity Book (824), the steps and methods are followed through and the lists of rulers interpreted in their historical context. The two confraternity books prove to be a source for the legitimisation of Carolingian sovereignty, particularly in terms of substantiating it historically and securing it liturgically. The regional perspective of each monastic community plays a major role here. Complex reference and interpretative systems are exposed in the confraternity books, whose orderliness, structure and prayer also served as a counterbalance to the disorder and crisis prevalent in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is concerned with the political influence on late Merovingian episcopal hagiographic production and with the changes in the episcopal ideal. It focuses on how key elements such as the origins of the bishop, the manner of his induction into the episcopal office and the relationship between the bishop and the monarch, respectively the relationship between the performance of episcopal duties, political involvement and service at the court, are portrayed in hagiographic production. A method of comparative analysis of late Merovingian hagiographic production associated with Saint Arnulf of Metz, Audoin of Rouen, Eligius of Noyon, Aunemund of Lyon, Leudegar of Autun, and Praejectus of Clermont was applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at refining the information about the composition of a 'hoard' found by amateur treasure hunters in Dolné Orešany, Trnava dist. in Slovakia. The 'hoard' contains 86 bronze decorations and, initially, it was attributed to the turn of the 8th and 9th centuries. Most items are late Avar decorations the origin and chronology of which is beyond any doubt. Several items, however, aroused suspicions. One of the fittings was classified as Carolingian and, unfortunately, was published as such. Further studies revealed that the 'hoard' included items that should be dated back to the period between 1300 and 1450 AD instead. This applies to the fitting initially described as Carolingian. The paper also questions the chronology of some well-known finds that have long been considered to be early medieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper establishes the textual relationship between two of the earliest manuscripts of Augustine's De civitate Dei: the most ancient extant witness of the work, Verona, B. Cap., XXVIII (26), 5th century, and the Carolingian Verona, B. Cap., XXIX (27), 9th century. It examines their codicological relation and deals with the relationship of their paratexts (the tabulae capitulorum and the marginalia). It also analyses the possible Veronese provenance of two other witnesses, namely: Paris, BnF, lat. 12214 + St. Petersburg, RNB, Q.v.I.4 and the palimpsest Bologna, Archivio della Fabbriceria di San Petronio, cart. 716/1, no. 1, in order to offer an overview of the fortune of De civitate Dei in Verona from late Antiquity to the Carolingian period. Lastly, it provides a transcription of an unpublished oratio, added on f. 252v of manuscript XXVIII, which has been linked with the Bishop Ratherius of Verona (ca. 887-974). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wiener Studien Zeitschrift für Klassische Philologie, Patristik und Lateinische Tradition is the property of Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article assesses the question to what extent the model of a 'temple society' can be fruitfully employed as a tool of analysis for the Carolingian ecclesia, by which we mean not only the rich, well‐endowed churches, but also the small, local ones. An investigation of the many different forms of ecclesiastical land‐holding, and of the various functions a church and its ministers did (and did not) fulfil for early medieval Christians, shows the shape of the Carolingian'ecclesia‐society' as it took shape in the course of the ninth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the possible Roman origin of the pounds, shillings, and pence (£: s: d) British monetary system. Topics explored include the reintroduction of the said monetary system into Western Europe by Roman Emperor Charlemagne and its adoption in Great Britain attributed to King Offa of Mercia, characteristics of the coinage system of the Roman Empire, and the currency reform instituted by the Carolingians in the 700s.