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[EN] The data come from a survey made in November 2019 designed to measure the demand of several sentences or punitivism in the Andalusian population. The questionnaire includes indicators to delve into the multidimensional character to the punishment demand as well as the different factors that may be punitivism predictors. The data collection corresponds to the ninth wave of the Citizen Panel for Social Research in Andalusia (PACIS). The Panel is an iniciative of Advanced Social Studies Institute (IESA-CSIC). A total of 839 people over 18 years of age participated in this study: 528 answered by internet (self-administered web questionnaire) and 311 were interviewed by telephone to cover sociodemographic profiles less inclined to internet use., [ES] Los datos provienen de una encuesta realizada en noviembre de 2019 diseñada para medir la demanda de la población andaluza de penas más severas o punitivismo. El cuestionario incluye indicadores para profundizar en el carácter multidimensional de la demanda de castigo así como los diferentes factores que pueden ser predictores de punitivismo. La recogida de datos corresponde a la novena ola del Panel Ciudadano para la Investigación Social en Andalucía (PACIS). El Panel es una iniciativa del Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC). En este estudio han participado un total de 839 personas mayores de 18 años: 528 la contestaron a través de internet mediante cuestionario web autoadministrado y 311 fueron entrevistadas telefónicamente para cubrir perfiles sociodemográficos menos proclives al uso de Internet.

(1) Background: In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) templates have replaced traditional two-dimensional (2D) templates as visual guides during intra-operative carving of the autogenous cartilage framework in microtia reconstruction. This study aims to introduce a protocol of the fabrication of patient-specific, 3D printed and sterilizable auricular models for autogenous auricular reconstruction. (2) Methods: The patient’s unaffected ear was captured with a high-resolution surface 3D scan (Artec Eva) and post-processed in order to obtain a clean surface model (STL format). In the next step, the ear was digitally mirrored, segmented and separated into its component auricle parts for reconstruction. It was disassembled into helix, antihelix, tragus and base and a physical model was 3D printed for each part. Following this segmentation, the cartilage was carved in the operating room, based on the models. (3) Results: This segmentation technique facilitates the modeling and carving of the scaffold, with adequate height, depth, width and thickness. This reduces both the surgical time and the amount of costal cartilage used. (4) Conclusions: This segmentation technique uses surface scanning and 3D printing to produce sterilizable and patient-specific 3D templates., Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

The general objective of this study was to determine social inclusion and the best interest of the child as a human right. The research is based on the quantitative approach, which seeks to understand the phenomena, examining them from the perspective of the participants in their natural context, relying on the dogmatic method, inquiring about the principles and rights of law. A population and sample of 30 lawyers specialized in constitutional rights and related to human rights was considered. A questionnaire was elaborated and applied to the specialists, in order to obtain valuable data for the statistical construction. The results were shown in tables using descriptive statistics. It is concluded that there is an effective relationship between social inclusion as a human right and the best interest of the child, and that the benefit of social inclusion has an impact on the development of the child in a state of law and is affected by the crime of discrimination., El objetivo general del presente estudio fue determinar la inclusión social y el interés superior del niño como derecho humano. Se plantea la investigación en el enfoque cuantitativo, que busca comprender los fenómenos, examinándolos desde la perspectiva de los partícipes en su contexto natural, apoyándose en el método dogmático, indagando sobre los principios y derechos de ley. Se consideró una población y muestra de 30 abogados especialistas en derechos constitucionales y relacionados con derechos humanos. Se elaboró un cuestionario el cual fue aplicado a los especialistas, y obtener datos valiosos para la construcción estadística. Los resultados fueron mostrados en tablas mediante estadística descriptiva. Se concluye, que existe una relación efectiva entre la inclusión social como derecho humano y el interés superior del niño, además que el beneficio de la inclusión social incide en el desarrollo del niño en un estado de derecho y existe afectación por el delito de discriminación.

The objective of this paper is to characterise the composition and manufacturing techniques of the white paste inlays in the Bronze Age pottery decorations on the eastern Iberian Peninsula, using as a case study the Argaric archaeological site of Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén, Spain). The determination of the characteristics and manufacture of these pastes required the application of analytical techniques such as micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), micro X-ray fluorescence (µEDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), as well as reference materials. This methodology made it possible to distinguish two types of production in this enclave: one with bone and the other with kaolinite. The coexistence of different manufacturing techniques had already been corroborated in other Bronze Age contexts in Europe and the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. We were also able to determine that, in the case of paste made with bone, the temperatures would have reached 800°C, making it possible to link the use of calcined deer antlers with the manufacture of these decorations.

This article approaches Sirius (1944), by Olaf Stapledon, from a perspective that brings together literary animal studies and ecocriticism. The eponymous main character of this science fiction novel is a genetically-modified dog who struggles between the human and the animal realms, being unable to belong to either urban or natural spaces. I argue this work of fiction carries out an exercise of blurring boundaries, thus proposing alternatives for harmful binaries such as human-animal, city-nature, or divine-mundane. Each of these binaries is explored in three trips of the many this character experiences throughout the novel. This allows the main character to reflect on his peculiar, unique species as the singularity he is. Sirius claims it is only empathy that can help in such a task; both human and nonhuman animals are then able to rejoice in biological, cultural, and spiritual differences. Sirius’s trips are analyzed in order to look closely at (1) the dog’s reflections on humankind while being in London, (2) his becoming a wolf, dog, and human at the same time in the woods, and (3) music as the ideal tool to articulate one’s spirituality based on a reconnection with an almost lost biodiversity., El presente artículo realiza un acercamiento a Sirius (1944), de Olaf Stapledon, desde una perspectiva que unifica estudios de animales en literatura y ecocrítica. El personaje protagonista de esta novela de ciencia ficción es un perro modificado genéticamente que se encuentra en una incómoda posición entre el mundo humano y animal, siendo así incapaz de pertenecer ni a espacios urbanos ni naturales. Se sostiene que esta obra de ficción desarrolla un ejercicio de ruptura de fronteras entre los binarios humano-animal, ciudad-naturaleza y divino-mundano, ofreciendo a cambio alternativas menos conflictivas. Cada uno de estos binarios se explora a lo largo de tres viajes que permiten al personaje protagonista reflexionar acerca de su especie tan peculiar. Sirius declara que solo la empatía puede ayudar para tal cometido; los animales, sean humanos o no, podrían entonces entender diferencias biológicas, culturales y espirituales como rasgos positivos de una experiencia común. Este trabajo analiza los tres viajes de Sirius para observar (1) las reflexiones del perro acerca del ser humano en su estancia en Londres, (2) los devenires animales que hacen que Sirius sea lobo, perro y ser humano a la vez en un entorno no urbano y (3) la música como la herramienta idónea para que un individuo articule su espiritualidad, basada en una reconexión con una biodiversidad casi perdida.

Provision of food and water is a widespread tool implemented around the world for the benefit of game and other wildlife, but factors affecting the use of food and water by non-target species are poorly known. We evaluated visits to feeders and water troughs by non-game species using camera-traps in two separate areas of Spain. Feeders and water troughs were either “protected” (when surrounded by more than 50% of shrubs/forest) or “open” (in the opposite case). A total of 18 948 photos from 5344 camera-trapping days depicted animals, and 75 species were identified. Feeders and water troughs were visited by target species (partridges and lagomorphs, 55.3% of visits) and non-target species (44.7% of visits). Among the latter, corvids were the most common (46.1% of visits), followed by rodents (26.8%), other birds (23.6%, mainly passerines), columbids (1.9%), and other species at minor percentages. The highest proportion of visiting days to feeders and water troughs was from corvids (0.173) followed by other-birds (0.109) and rodents (0.083); the lowest proportion was recorded for columbids (0.016). Use intensity and visit frequency of water troughs tripled that recorded in feeders, and visits to open feeders/troughs were approximately twice those to protected ones. In summary: feeders and water troughs targeting small game species are also used regularly by non-target ones; they should be set close to cover to optimize their use by non-target species that are not competitors of target species (though corvids may visit them); water availability should be prioritized where drought periods are expected.

This work is a starting point for rethinking the role of the Iberian Peninsula in the neolithisation of northern Morocco. It focuses on the similarities and divergences between the first pottery productions and their decorations in both territories. This relationship is supported by the existence of an accurate chronological gradation between the first evidence of Neolithisation in Iberian Peninsula and that of northern Morocco which suggests a north–south direction. We also present arguments on the possible links between the early ceramics from the north of Morocco and those from the south of Iberia, providing a first approach to an issue that will need to be carefully analysed in future research.

The study of people’s knowledge through interviews and questionnaires can provide a good picture of the composition of mammal communities. However, there is considerable potential for error and bias in these surveys, including some associated with the familiarity of respondents with wildlife. Our main goals were: 1) to assess mammal community composition of the Huinay Biological Reserve, a remote Valdivian rainforest area in southern Chile, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the degree of respondents’ contact with native mammals and their knowledge about the mammal community. A questionnaire was designed to gather data about the mammal species recorded by people who lived in, or had visited, the area between 2010 and 2013. A total of 13 mammal species were mentioned by 43 participants in the survey. Overall, all the mammal species that inhabit the study area according to general mammal distribution maps were identified in our survey. Both the total number of species mentioned (observed or not) and the number of species seen by the respondents were positively associated with the time they stayed in the area. Our findings suggest that questionnaire surveys may provide useful information about the composition of mammal communities in remote areas of southern Chile, but selecting knowledgeable respondents is challenging., El estudio del conocimiento de la gente mediante cuestionarios puede proporcionar una buena idea de la composición de las comunidades de mamíferos. Sin embargo, existen sesgos y errores potenciales en estos estudios, como los asociados a la familiaridad de los encuestados con la fauna. Nuestros objetivos principales fueron: 1) evaluar la composición de la comunidad de mamíferos de la Reserva Biológica de Huinay, un área remota de bosque Valdiviano en el sur de Chile, y 2) analizar la relación entre el grado de contacto de los encuestados con los mamíferos nativos y su conocimiento sobre la comunidad de mamíferos. Designamos un cuestionario para obtener información sobre el número de especies de mamíferos registradas por la gente que vivió en, o visitó, el área entre 2010 y 2013. Los 43 participantes en este trabajo registraron un total de 13 especies de mamíferos. Todas las especies que habitan en la zona según los atlas generales de distribución fueron citadas por los participantes. Tanto el número de especies citadas como las observadas estuvieron correlacionadas positivamente con el tiempo que los participantes habían permanecido en el área. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los estudios basados en cuestionarios pueden proporcionar una buena visión general de la composición de las comunidades de mamíferos de áreas remotas del sur de Chile, pero también indican el reto que supone seleccionar participantes bien informados en estas áreas.

[EN]: The study of people's knowledge through interviews and questionnaires can provide a good picture of the composition of mammal communities. However, there is considerable potential for error and bias in these surveys, including some associated with the familiarity of respondents with wildlife. Our main goals were: 1) to assess mammal community composition of the Huinay Biological Reserve, a remote Valdivian rainforest area in southern Chile, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the degree of respondents' contact with native mammals and their knowledge about the mammal community. A questionnaire was designed to gather data about the mammal species recorded by people who lived in, or had visited, the area between 2010 and 2013. A total of 13 mammal species were mentioned by 43 participants in the survey. Overall, all the mammal species that inhabit the study area according to general mammal distribution maps were identified in our survey. Both the total number of species mentioned (observed or not) and the number of species seen by the respondents were positively associated with the time they stayed in the area. Our findings suggest that questionnaire surveys may provide useful information about the composition of mammal communities in remote areas of southern Chile, but selecting knowledgeable respondents is challenging., [ES]: El estudio del conocimiento de la gente mediante cuestionarios puede proporcionar una buena idea de la composición de las comunidades de mamíferos. Sin embargo, existen sesgos y errores potenciales en estos estudios, como los asociados a la familiaridad de los encuestados con la fauna. Nuestros objetivos principales fueron: 1) evaluar la composición de la comunidad de mamíferos de la Reserva Biológica de Huinay, un área remota de bosque Valdiviano en el sur de Chile, y 2) analizar la relación entre el grado de contacto de los encuestados con los mamíferos nativos y su conocimiento sobre la comunidad de mamíferos. Designamos un cuestionario para obtener información sobre el número de especies de mamíferos registradas por la gente que vivió en, o visitó, el área entre 2010 y 2013. Los 43 participantes en este trabajo registraron un total de 13 especies de mamíferos. Todas las especies que habitan en la zona según los atlas generales de distribución fueron citadas por los participantes. Tanto el número de especies citadas como las observadas estuvieron correlacionadas positivamente con el tiempo que los participantes habían permanecido en el área. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los estudios basados en cuestionarios pueden proporcionar una buena visión general de la composición de las comunidades de mamíferos de áreas remotas del sur de Chile, pero también indican el reto que supone seleccionar participantes bien informados en estas áreas