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Satisfaction is a widely studied issue in tourism as it provides an understanding of the performance of a tourism destination's offer, highlighting the most important features considered by tourists. The growth in tourism demand in natural areas also makes it an important factor in identifying visitor satisfaction, as sustainable planning of these areas may also rely on knowing the opinion of their visitors. In this context, this study aimed to determine the visitors´ satisfaction with Vinhais Biological Park, located in the northeast of Portugal, during the summer of 2022. A questionnaire consisting of 8 closed-ended questions to identify the socio-demographic profile and overall satisfaction was applied during July and August 2022. Therefore, 251 valid questionnaires were considered for the quantitative data analysis and a final sampling error of 6.13% was assumed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to identify the socio-demographic profile and the satisfaction with the resources offered. Four hypotheses were formulated to test the association between socio-demographic profile (age group, gender, nationality, and education level) and overall satisfaction. The c2 test was used to test the hypotheses assuming a 5% significance level. The main findings showed that the socio-demographic profile of the sample is predominantly male (54.6%), aged between 11 and 40 years (77.6%), of Portuguese nationality (71.3%) and with higher education level (48.6%). Concerning the visit motivation, 61.4% went to the park after visiting the city of Vinhais or the region and nearly half (47%) of the respondents were satisfied. The results of c2 test revealed no significant association between the socio-demographic profile and overall satisfaction, meaning that none of the hypotheses was supported. Considering the number of visitors received in the park annually, this study's sample can be regarded as a limitation, making the understanding of satisfaction limited to the period of analysis and at a period when the impact of COVID-19 is noticeable. Finally, for future studies, a comparative analysis with other natural parks, both Portuguese and Spanish, is suggested for better monitoring of visitor satisfaction.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, characterised at the cognitive level by a phenotypic pattern of relative weaknesses (e.g., visuospatial skills) and strengths (e.g., some linguistic and nonverbal reasoning skills). In this study, we performed a systematic search and meta-analysis on lexical-semantic processing in WS, an area of knowledge in which contradictory results have been obtained. We found 42 studies matching our criteria, and, in total, 78 effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that individuals with WS have worse lexical-semantic skills than individuals with typical development, whether matched by chronological or mental age. However, people with WS have better lexical-semantic skills than people diagnosed with other cognitive disabilities. Finally, vocabulary skills seem to be relatively spared in WS, although they present some difficulties in semantic processing/integration, semantic memory organisation and verbal working memory skills. Taken together, these results support a neuroconstructivist approach, according to which the cognitive mechanisms involved in lexical-semantic processing may be modulated, even when performance in some tasks (i.e., vocabulary tasks) might be optimal.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of subcuticular absorbable versus interrupted nonabsorbable sutures for skin closure after distal radius fracture (DRF) fixation surgery in adults on post-operative pain, hand function, scar satisfaction, wound inflammation, and adverse events. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 65 patients undergoing DRF surgical treatment between March 2022 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Traditional interrupted suture with Prolene® (n = 27) and subcuticular continuous suture with Monocryl® (n = 38). Pain intensity, complications, and cosmetics were evaluated. Results: Subcuticular continuous suture with Monocryl® was superior to traditional interrupted suture with Prolene® in terms of the number of complications and esthetic and functional outcomes. Conclusion: This study concluded that the subcuticular suturing with absorbable monofilament Monocryl® proved advantageous compared to simple interrupted suturing with Prolene® because it presented better results regarding pain intensity and esthetic results, with fewer complications.

Social factors impact sentence comprehension in a first language (L1), suggesting that semantic processing cannot be dissociated from social and moral emotions in relation to pro/antisocial individuals. Given that integrating multiple types of information and processing emotion-laden pragmatic information is costlier in a second language (L2), we investigated whether social factors would affect discourse comprehension similarly in L2. Processing the outcomes of scenarios involving pro/antisocial protagonists provoked similar neural patterns in L2 as in L1 (Rodríguez-Gómez, Martín-Loeches, Colmenares, Romero Ferreiro & Moreno, 2020), suggesting that L2 users simultaneously integrate semantic and discourse-pragmatic information during sentence comprehension.

The moral foreign-language effect (M-FLE) translates into more utilitarian choices, even when given the option of self-sacrifice. We explore the M-FLE in 85 children, who were presented with seven moral dilemmas varying in utilitarianism, aversiveness, and whether they allowed the option of self-sacrifice; 42 answered to the dilemmas in their native language (Spanish), and 43 in a foreign language (English). Participants were more utilitarian and willing to sacrifice themselves when using their foreign language. Educational and developmental implications are discussed, especially in the context of bilingual education.

This research proposes a methodology for designing and testing a self-optimizing control (SOC) algorithm applied to a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The SOC maximizes WECS power output and reduces the mechanical stress of the wind turbine (WT) blades by optimizing a multiobjective cost function. The cost function computation uses a combined blade element momentum (BEM) and thin-wall beam (TWB) model for calculating wind the turbine power output and blades’ stress. The SOC deployment implies a low computational cost due to an optimization space reduction via a matrix projection applied to a measurement vector, based on a prior offline calculation of a projection matrix, H. Furthermore, the SOC optimizes the operation of the WECS in the presence of uncertainty associated with the wind speed variation by controlling a linear combination of measured variables to a set point. A MATLAB simulation of a wind turbine model allows us to compare the WECS operating with the SOC, a baseline classic control system (BCS), and a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC). The SOC algorithm is evaluated in terms of power output, blades’ stress, and computational cost against the BCS and NMPC. The power output and blades’ stress performance of the SOC algorithm are compared with that of the BCS and NMPC, showing a significant improvement in both cases. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SOC can effectively optimize a WECS operation in real time with minimal computational costs.

In many tropical regions, national forests plantations programs have been promoted. Those plantations contribute frequently to habitat changes. However, it is unclear associated effects on habitat fragmentation and landscape connectivity. From 2008 to 2018, we examined plantation and deforestation data base of Manabí province (Ecuador) for assessing fragmentation and connectivity. At regional scale, forest plantations had a significant effect on land uses changes and fragmentation during the study period. Forests decreased from 33.7% to 32.45% between 2008 and 2018 in the study area, although other natural land uses, mostly shrubs, increased almost double (from 2.4% to 4.68%). Most of the deforestation affected native forests during this period, and most of reforested and afforested areas in 2018 covered former agricultural land. In this period, fragmentation data shows a decrease in the number of patches and an increase in patch average size. When considering reforestation, deforestation was higher than the afforested area (58 km2 of difference) increasing the number of patches but with smaller size. The scenarios that presented better connectivity were those where forest areas increased: avoiding deforestation and considering reforestation. Those scenarios had in general a higher number of links and distance. Regionally, the avoiding deforestation scenario increased connectivity for Puma yagouaroundi in the west part of the Manabí province. On the other hand, for the reforested scenario, the number of links also increased on central and extreme northeast areas. Our findings suggest that plantations may contribute to conservation thanks to an increase in forest plantations connectivity between fragmented patches.

Olive groves in the Mediterranean basin have undergone a tremendous increase during the last two decades, with most of the new olive groves being planted on arable land. This conversion may affect habitat suitability for steppe birds, which are associated with arable land and other open-land habitats, such as natural pastures. In this work, we evaluate the presence of new olive groves in the distribution of the Great Bustard Otis tarda and the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax in Southern Spain (the largest olive oil production zone in the world), and we compare the percentage of different land uses in 2000 and 2018 using data provided by the Corine Land Cover. From 2000 to 2018, new olive groves occupied 2.14 and 2.61% of the distribution areas of the Great Bustard and the Little Bustard, respectively. The decrease in arable land and the increase in permanent crops were the main drivers of the landscape composition changes during the study period. The fragmentation index of arable land was higher in 2018 than 2000. These changes in the landscape suggest a decrease in habitat availability and suitability for steppe birds that could affect the distribution and abundance of their populations. Moreover, there were no differences in the proportion of new olive groves planted inside and outside the limits of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) from 2000 to 2018, which were created to protect these steppe birds, thus suggesting that the management policy of the IBAs should be reviewed to prevent harmful land-use changes.

Objetivo Determinar los cambios en la práctica de actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en sujetos adultos. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal en 812 adultos de la región caribe colombiana. Se aplicó una encuesta vía telefónica, la cual registró: edad, sexo, nivel educativo y estrato socioeconómico; a su vez, se aplicó el Cuestionario de Intención hacia la actividad física de Prochaska y Marcus para medir las etapas de cambio hacia la actividad física. Se indagó sobre el tiempo sentado al día frente a pantallas como televisión, computador y celular. Las mediciones se realizaron entre los meses mayo y julio de 2020. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria para determinar la relación entre los factores individuales y la práctica de actividad física durante la pandemia. Resultados La proporción de personas que se categorizan en las tres primeras etapas de cambio aumentó de 65% en la medición antes de pandemia a 74,4% después de 4 meses de aislamiento social (p=0,0001). El promedio de horas al día en la población general frente al TV es de 2,7±2 horas; ante celulares, es de 3,8±2,8 horas, y 2,4±2,7 horas frente al computador. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor riesgo de no práctica de actividad física [OR 1,9 (IC 95% 1,4-2,7)], junto con las personas de nivel educativo bajo [OR 1,7 (IC 95% 1,2-2,4)] y las de edad mayor [OR 1,7 (IC 95% 1,3-2,4)]. Conclusión La pandemia por COVID-19 ha incrementado la inactividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios, los cuales varían según las características individuales.

Analisis en python (archivo .py) del dataset mushrooms.

Archivo .csv que contiene el datasetMushrooms.

Análisis del dataset Mushrooms donde se realiza una clasificación mediante random forest y se muestra la matriz de confusión así como la precisión.

Nutraceutical properties of mandarins are of great interest to promote their consumption. The occurrence of free amino acids in foods is relevant to assess the nutritional value of it. To learn more about the amino acids� occurrence and variability between species, a targeted metabolomics study in �Ellendale�, �Willowleaf� and �Page� varieties was performed through ion exchange liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The studied amino acids were asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine and tyrosine. The difference between two consecutive seasons was evaluated, as well as the influence of fruit maturity of �Page� collected in two periods of 2015. The analytical methodology was validated. The concentration of the compounds through principal component analysis, separated well apart the three cultivars in both harvests, showing a particular profile for each of them. When comparing mature and immature cultivar �Page�, the amino acids with higher levels in mature samples were histidine, asparagine, glutamine and glutamic acid. The profiles were different due to genetic diversity, and the climatic conditions. These results add value to citric production.

The objectives of this work were to assess the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs for viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the performance of pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 severity scores in the viral CAP in adults. A prospective observational cohort study of consecutive 341 hospitalized adults with CAP was performed between January 2018 and March 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, symptoms/signs, analytical data, severity scores, antimicrobials, and outcomes were recorded. Blood, NP swabs, sputum, and urine samples were collected at admission and assayed by multiplex real time-PCR, bacterial cultures, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila antigens detection, to determine the etiologies and quantify the viral load. The etiology was identified in 174 (51.0%) patients, and in 85 (24.9%) it was viral, the most frequent rhinovirus and influenza virus. The sensitivity of viral detection in sputum (50.7%) was higher than in NP swabs (20.9%). Compared with sputum, the positive predictive value and specificity of NP swabs for viral diagnosis were 95.8% and 96.9%, respectively. Performance of PSI and CURB-65 scores in all CAP with etiologic diagnosis were as expected, with mortality associated with higher values, but they were not associated with mortality in patients with viral pneumonia. NP swabs have lower sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of viral CAP in adults compared with sputum, reinforcing the use NP swabs for the diagnostic etiology work-up. The PSI and CURB-65 scores did not predict mortality in the viral CAP, suggesting that they need to be updated scores based on the identification of the etiological agent.

Several biological processes related to cancer malignancy are regulated by 17-β estradiol (E2) in ER+-breast cancer. To establish the role of E2 on the atypical cancer energy metabolism, a systematic study analyzing transcription factors, proteins, and fluxes associated with energy metabolism was undertaken in multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) from human ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. At E2 physiological concentrations (10 and 100 nM for 24 h), both ERα and ERβ receptors, and their protein target pS2, increased by 0.6-3.5 times vs. non-treated MCTS, revealing an activated E2/ER axis. E2 also increased by 30-470% the content of several transcription factors associated to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) (p53, PGC1-α) and glycolytic pathways (HIF1-α, c-MYC). Several OxPhos and glycolytic proteins (36-257%) as well as pathway fluxes (48-156%) significantly increased being OxPhos the principal ATP cellular supplier (>75%). As result of energy metabolism stimulation by E2, cancer cell migration and invasion processes and related proteins (SNAIL, FN, MM-9) contents augmented by 24-189% vs. non-treated MCTS. Celecoxib at 10 nM blocked OxPhos (60%) as well as MCTS growth, cell migration and invasiveness (>40%); whereas the glycolytic inhibitor iodoacetate (0.5 µM) and doxorubicin (70 nM) were innocuous. Our results show for the first time using a more physiological tridimensional cancer model, resembling the initial stages of solid tumors, that anti-mitochondrial therapy may be useful to deter hormone-dependent breast carcinomas.

Background Fragmentation and deforestation are one of the greatest threats to forests, and these processes are of even more concern in the tropics, where the seasonal dry forest is possibly one of the most threatened ecosystems with the least remaining surface area. Methods The deforestation and fragmentation patterns that had occurred in Ecuadorian seasonal dry forests between 1990 and 2018 were verified, while geographic information systems and land cover shapes provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment were employed to classify and evaluate three types of seasonal dry forests: deciduous, semi-deciduous, and transition. The study area was tessellated into 10 km2 hexagons, in which six fragmentation parameters were measured: number of patches, mean patch size, median patch size, total edge, edge density and reticular fragmentation index (RFI). The RFI was also measured both outside and inside protected natural areas (unprotected, national protected areas and protected forest). Moreover, the areas with the best and worst conservation status, connectivity and risk of disappearance values were identified by means of a Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis. Results The deforestation of seasonal dry forests affected 27.04% of the original surface area still remaining in 1990, with an annual deforestation rate of − 1.12% between 1990 and 2018. The RFI has increased by 11.61% as a result of the fact that small fragments of forest have tended to disappear, while the large fragments have been fragmented into smaller ones. The semi-deciduous forest had the highest levels of fragmentation in 2018. The three categories of protection had significantly different levels of fragmentation, with lower RFI values in national protected areas and greater values in protected forests. Conclusions The seasonal dry forest is fragmenting, deforesting and disappearing in some areas. An increased protection and conservation of the Ecuadorian seasonal dry forest is, therefore, necessary owing to the fact that not all protection measures have been effective.

In this study, participants were presented with two tasks: the Implicit Association Test (IAT), and a mock trial task. In both tasks, the auditory stimuli were produced by native or foreign-accented speakers, and presented either free of noise or mixed with background white noise, to estimate the role of processing fluency on jurors’ appraisals. In the IAT, participants showed positive implicit biases toward native speech, and negative implicit biases toward foreign-accented speech. In the mock trial task, participants gave much harsher sentences to the foreign-accented than native defendant, but only when defendants’ statements were free of noise. Moreover, we found that participants’ implicit biases were a relevant predictor of the sentences they gave to the defendants. Our results suggest that categorization/stereotyping is the main mechanism responsible for the effect of defendants’ accents on jurors’ appraisals, and that members of an estimated group who violate social norms are punished more severely.

BACKGROUND: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (SVAs) are rare. We assessed the role of multimodality imaging in guiding the contemporary management. METHODS: A single-center retrospective cohort study over a 20-year period was performed. RESULTS: Between January 1997 and June 2017, 103 patients were diagnosed with SVAs (median age: 58 years). Eighty patients presented with non-ruptured SVAs, and 23 with ruptured SVAs. Seventy-six patients underwent surgery, and 27 were conservatively managed. The median durations of follow-up were: 48 months (surgical group) vs. 37.5 months (conservative group). There was no mortality directly attributable to SVA surgery. There were no late complications in the conservative group. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was the first-line imaging investigation (100.0% in surgical group vs. 92.6% in conservative group, P=0.019). Additional imaging studies included: (I) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): 93.4% in surgical group vs. 22.2% in conservative group, P

BackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are recommended in nursing homes (NHs), although data are limited. We aimed to determine the clinical and ecological impact of an ASP for NHs.MethodsWe performed a cluster, randomized, controlled trial and a before–after study with interrupted time-series analyses in 14 NHs for 30 consecutive months from July 2018 to December 2020 in Andalusia, Spain. Seven facilities implemented an ASP with a bundle of 5 educational measures (general ASP) and 7 added 1-to-1 educational interviews (experimental ASP). The primary outcome was the overall use of antimicrobials, calculated monthly as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 resident days (DRD).ResultsThe total mean antimicrobial consumption decreased by 31.2% (−16.72 DRD; P = .045) with respect to the preintervention period; the overall use of quinolones and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid dropped by 52.2% (P = .001) and 42.5% (P = .006), respectively; and the overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) decreased from 24.7% to 17.4% (P = .012). During the intervention period, 12.5 educational interviews per doctor were performed in the experimental ASP group; no differences were found in the total mean antimicrobial use between groups (−14.62 DRD; P = .25). Two unexpected coronavirus disease 2019 waves affected the centers increasing the overall mean use of antimicrobials by 40% (51.56 DRD; P < .0001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that an ASP for NHs appears to be associated with a decrease in total consumption of antimicrobials and prevalence of MDROs. This trial did not find benefits associated with educational interviews, probably due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03543605.

El presente trabajo aborda aspectos vinculados al contenido del derecho a la prueba como un elemento esencial del debido procedimiento racional y justo en sede administrativa con la finalidad de establecer algunos parámetros para su proposición, admisión y valoración. Se busca determinar, si la ausencia de prueba en el procedimiento administrativo, atenta contra la garantía del debido proceso, particularmente en los procedimientos contenciosos especiales, cuya regulación no prevé el derecho a prueba limitando a los tribunales a confirma la decisión administrativa sin revisar los supuestos fácticos que le han servido de sustento.

OBJECTIVE To assess outcomes of concomitant ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with preoperative AF undergoing septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. METHODS From 2005 to 2016, 67 patients underwent concomitant ablation for AF and septal myectomy and had a follow-up beyond a 3-month blanking period. Ablation strategy (pulmonary vein isolation [PVI], modified Cox-maze III [CM-III], or Cox-maze IV [CM-IV]) was tailored to preoperative AF burden, with high AF burden defined as persistent AF or need for cardioversion. AF recurrence was analyzed as a time-related event and predictors of recurrence identified using a random forest methodology. RESULTS A total of 38 patients (57%) had low AF burden and 29 (43%) high burden. Patients with low AF burden most frequently underwent PVI (68%). Patients with high AF burden more frequently underwent CM-III (62%) or CM-IV (35%). Besides the preoperative AF burden, baseline characteristics were similar between patients receiving CM-III, CM-IV, and PVI. After surgery, the maximum provoked left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient decreased from 99 ± 34 to 18 ± 11mm Hg (P