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To improve understanding of Capgras syndrome (CS) in the pediatric population, this study investigates its clinical features and discerns similarities and differences compared to CS in adults. We conducted a descriptive systematic review of case reports following PRISMA guidelines, including cases of pediatric patients with CS. Patient demographics, medical and psychiatric history, imposter identity, underlying diagnosis, clinical manifestation, treatments, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. We included 37 articles comprising 38 cases. The median age of patients was 15, with 23 (60.5%) being male. The most prevalent underlying diagnoses were schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (47.3%). Imposter identity involved parents in 32 cases (84.2%). Associated symptoms included persecutory delusions (63.1%), auditory hallucinations (42.1%), aggression (31.5%), and depression (21.0%). There is a significant gap in our understanding of CS, particularly in pediatric patients. This is the first systematic review of CS in pediatric patients, encompassing all cases found in English literature since 1923. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delusional misidentification syndrome is characterized by individuals perceiving familiar people, places, and objects as different entities, often associated with delusional disorders. These disorders are typically linked to abnormalities in cognitive processes, resulting in incongruent and unalterable beliefs. The loss of familiarity is believed to be the consequence leading to the emergence of these disorders. While commonly associated with psychiatric illnesses, they are also frequently observed in conjunction with neurodegenerative diseases. Diagnosis is primarily established through clinical evaluation. However, cases of these syndromes pose a significant burden on caregivers. Therefore, it is crucial not to overlook the possibility of dementia in these syndromes. This consideration is vital for providing appropriate support and treatment to patients and their families. This case report aimed to provide a detailed examination of this topic by presenting five cases.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by persistent oral burning sensations without corresponding organic findings. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common type of dementia and generally presents visual hallucination and parkinsonism as motor dysfunction besides cognitive decline. In this case report, we present a case in which DLB emerged during the treatment for BMS, with a relatively positive outcome for BMS. A 74 years-old female complained of burning pain in her mouth and a subsequent decrease in food intake. Following a diagnosis of BMS, pharmacotherapy was initiated. BMS was much improved with mirtazapine 15 mg and aripiprazole 1.0 mg, leading to the restoration of her food intake by day 180. However, BMS flared up again triggered by deteriorating physical condition of herself and that of her husband. With aripiprazole 1.5 mg and amitriptyline 25 mg, her BMS gradually improved by day 482. However, by day 510, an increase in anxiety was noted, accompanied by the occasionally misidentification of her husband on day 566. Her cognitive impairment and disorientation were also reported by her husband on the day 572, she was then immediately referred to a neurologist specialized dementia and diagnosed with DLB on the day 583. Her treatment was adjusted to include the prescription of rivastigmine which was titrated up to 9.0 mg. Considering the potential impact of amitriptyline on cognitive function, it was reduced and switched to mirtazapine; however, her oral sensations slightly got worse. Following the consultation with her neurologist, amitriptyline 10 mg was reintroduced and aripiprazole was discontinued on day 755. Remarkably, BMS gradually improved without deteriorating DLB. This case indicated the reaffirmed necessity of careful interviews for changes in daily life not only with the patients but also with their families through the medical assessments. It highlights the vigilance regarding potential cognitive decline underlying or induced as an adverse event especially when treating elderly patients with BMS. While the interaction between BMS and DLB remains unclear, this case underscores the importance of prudent diagnosis and constructing collaboration with specialists in managing BMS with the early phase of DLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a common philosophical intuition, the deep nature of things is hidden from us, and the world as we know it through perception and science is, just like a dream, shadows, or a computer simulation, somehow shallow and lacking in reality. This "intuition of unreality" clashes with a strong, but perhaps more naive, intuition to the effect that the world as we know it seems perfectly real. Shadows, dreams, or informational structures appear too unreal to be identical to the world as we know it! This clash between the two intuitions forms the basis of the "problem of reality." In the late nineteenth century psychiatrists encountered patients they referred to as "metaphysician doubters" who constantly questioned the reality of the world. This essay draws on studies of these patients in order to reject, and indeed diagnose, the intuition of unreality and recent metaphysical doctrines drawing on it, such as structuralism, digitalism, and virtual realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delusional misidentification syndrome is characterized by individuals perceiving familiar people, places, and objects as different entities, often associated with delusional disorders. These disorders are typically linked to abnormalities in cognitive processes, resulting in incongruent and unalterable beliefs. The loss of familiarity is believed to be the consequence leading to the emergence of these disorders. While commonly associated with psychiatric illnesses, they are also frequently observed in conjunction with neurodegenerative diseases. Diagnosis is primarily established through clinical evaluation. However, cases of these syndromes pose a significant burden on caregivers. Therefore, it is crucial not to overlook the possibility of dementia in these syndromes. This consideration is vital for providing appropriate support and treatment to patients and their families. This case report aimed to provide a detailed examination of this topic by presenting five cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capgras syndrome (CS) can occur in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). CS is characterized by a delusional belief that people around patients have been replaced by imposters. The aim of this paper is to review current studies on the cases of patients with CS as a result of PD. Also, the proposition of treatment is included. A PubMed search was conducted using the keywords “Capgras syndrome”. “Parkinson’s disease”, “Dementia with Lewy Bodies” and “Misidentification Syndrome”. The search results were confined to articles written in English. Criteria for publications included the number of the patients who formed the study group; however, case reports are also included. In addition, publications had to contain information on the treatment of patients with CS. Numerous studies show the impact of PD on the development of CS. All patients with CS in PD were on levodopa, and some were also taking other dopaminergic drugs. CS can be a rare psychiatric manifestation of PD. Patients with advanced PD are more likely to develop delusions probably because of the long-term use of levodopa. Duplication is an example of delusional misidentification. There is no specific treatment; however, antipsychotic medication and changing the dose of dopaminergic drugs may reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capgras Syndrome is a subcategory of delusional disorder. People affected by this syndrome believe that a close associate such as a friend or family member has been replaced by an identical imposter. This case report describes a 23-year-old woman with no prior psychiatric history, whom developed Capgras syndrome, via folie a deux, in the setting of poly-substance use. In this patient, a combination of Aripiprazole 10 mg daily and Escitalopram 10 mg daily were effective in resolving symptoms. Clonazepam was utilized for anxiety and Omega-3 fatty acids 1 g for anti-oxidative effects. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of a variety of causes and treatments for Capgras Syndrome.

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Nous aborderons les grandes modalités et les principaux jalons dans les conceptions psychiatriques de 1852 à nos jours. L'épistémologie dans l'histoire contemporaine possède une spécificité dans sa démarche qui consiste à examiner l'état du développement historique des sciences. Et l'épistémologie de l'école de Piaget nous aide particulièrement à individualiser les différentes phases de la compréhension de la psychiatrie dans l'évolution de la Société Médico-Psychologique. Les membres fondateurs de notre Société représentent des disciplines très diversifiées (psychiatrie, philosophie, médecine, physiologie, administration, etc.), et nous distinguerons trois domaines : les grands paradigmes des 170 ans d'activité ; les grandes démarches épistémologiques ; les évaluations récentes, au milieu des différentes crises. Les grands paradigmes des 170 ans d'activité ont été particulièrement bien étudiés par Georges Lanteri-Laura. Nous distinguerons avec lui trois grandes phases : la période de l'aliénation mentale (1791–1854), de Pinel à Boismont, où sont bien présents les précurseurs spiritualistes de l'époque. La période des maladies mentales (1854–1926) de Falret, Magnan à Auguste Comte. La période des grandes structures (1926–1977), du Congrès de Genève-Lausanne, avec la présentation en français de Bleuler sur sa conception de la schizophrénie, à la mort de Henri Ey, avec les œuvres de Charcot, Broca, Clérambault, Régis, Guiraud et la présence de Bergson, Merleau-Ponty, et la phénoménologie allemande, jusqu'à la grande œuvre de Henri Ey. Et enfin la période du système classificatoire (à partir de 1975–1980), que nous ajoutons aux études précédentes, avec l'arrivée des différents DSM, et la classification internationale des troubles mentaux CIM 10. Nous citerons la célèbre réunion franco-américaine de 1978, et les contributions de nombreux membres de la Société Médico-Psychologique tout au long de cette période. Les grandes démarches épistémologiques sont importantes à préciser tout au long de ces phases, surtout dans les deux dernières périodes. Les rapports entre la clinique et l'épistémologie sont très concernés dans deux domaines particulièrement : la transformation des concepts, et la dialectique des modèles (avec les très importantes études de C.J. Blanc). Nous distinguerons les quatre grandes démarches : les démarches descriptives et explicatives, les démarches explicitantes et compréhensives. C'est à ce niveau que nous pouvons considérer l'œuvre très importante de Pierre Marchais. Et nous pouvons alors bien situer la place considérable de la démarche compréhensive. Les jalons et les prolongements contemporains concernent les deux grandes dimensions qui apparaissent dans les activités de la Société Médico-Psychologique depuis trente à quarante ans. Les modalités de la connaissance et l'épistémologie sont très concernées dans les courants scientifiques récents de la psychiatrie (neuro-cognitivisme, biochimie, génétique, etc.) et la place de la compréhension des troubles et des personnes est indispensable à associer à toutes les démarches d'explication. Les sciences du vivant sont en rapport avec l'épistémologie en apportant à l'objectivité les dimensions subjectives du vivant, car la vie est, dans son essence, un processus subjectif d'auto-affection, de conscience de soi, et de l'identité (G. Canguilhem ; M. Henry). Les conclusions de cette longue étude dans le temps nous amènent à souligner deux domaines : d'un point de vue général, les approches épistémologiques de la psychiatrie nous confrontent toujours aux différentes conceptions de l'homme, portant en elles diverses modalités du sens de l'existence. D'un point de vue particulier, dans chaque période considérée, nous constatons une certaine diversité des paradigmes, où les psychiatres considèrent la clinique psychiatrique selon des modalités épistémologiques diverses et complémentaires. We discuss the major modalities and milestones in psychiatric conceptions from 1852 to the present day. Epistemology in contemporary history has a specificity in its approach, which consists in examining the state of the historical development of science. And the epistemology of the Piaget school particularly helps us to individualize the different phases of the understanding of psychiatry in the evolution of the Medico-Psychological Society. The founding members of our Society represent very diverse disciplines (psychiatry, philosophy, medicine, physiology, administration, etc.) and we distinguish three areas : The major paradigms of 170 years of activity ; The major epistemological approaches; Recent assessments, in the midst of various crises; The major paradigms of 170 years of activity have been particularly well studied by Georges Lanteri-Laura. We differentiate his three main phases: The period of insanity (1791–1854), from Pinel to Boismont, where the spiritualist precursors of the time are present. The period of mental illness (1854–1926) from Falret, Magnan to Auguste Comte. The period of large structures (1926–1977), from the Congress of Geneva-Lausanne, with the presentation in French of Bleuler's conception of schizophrenia, to the death of Henri Ey, with the works of Charcot, Broca, Clérambaud, Régis, Guiraud and the presence of Bergson, Merleau-Ponty, and German phenomenology, to the great work of Henri Ey. And finally, we deal with the period of the classification system (from 1975 to1980), which we include with the previous studies, with the promulgation of the different DSM, and the international classification of mental disorders ICD10. We mention the famous Franco-American meeting of 1978, and the contributions of many members of the Medico-Psychological Society throughout this period. It is important to specify the major epistemological approaches throughout these phases, especially during the last two periods. The relationship between the clinic and epistemology is greatly concerned in two areas in particular: the transformation of concepts, and the dialectic of models (with the very important studies of C.J. Blanc). We delineate the four main approaches: descriptive, explanatory, explicit, and comprehensive approaches. It is at this point that we can consider the very important work of Pierre Marchais. And we can then clearly situate the considerable importance of the comprehensive approach. The contemporary milestones and extensions concern two major dimensions that have been present in the activities of the Medico-Psychological Society for the past thirty to forty years. The modalities of knowledge and epistemology are very much involved in the recent scientific currents of psychiatry (neuro-cognitivism, biochemistry, genetics, etc.) and the importance of understanding disorders and people must be associated with all approaches to explanation. The life sciences are related to epistemology through including objectivity together with the subjective dimensions of the living, because life is, in its essence, a subjective process of self-affection, self-awareness, and identity (G. Canguilhem; M. Henry). The conclusions of this lengthy study over time lead us to highlight two areas: From a general point of view, epistemological approaches to psychiatry always confront us with different conceptions of man, carrying within them various modalities of the meaning of existence. From a particular point of view, in each period considered, we note a certain diversity of paradigms, where psychiatrists consider the psychiatric clinic according to various and complementary epistemological modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'interprétation par Joseph Capgras et Paul Carrette en 1924 du deuxième cas rapporté d'« illusion des sosies » (futur syndrome de Capgras) en termes psychanalytiques a préparé la voie qui s'est imposée pendant la plus grande partie du siècle. Capgras, malgré le mérite qu'il avait eu en isolant le phénomène au sein d'un riche délire, avait aussi affirmé l'absence chez ces malades de tout déficit intellectuel et cela même alors que l'une d'elles était gravement « cérébrolésée ». Il est actuellement constaté que le syndrome peut s'observer aussi bien lors de troubles psychotiques primaires que lors de certaines affections démentielles débutantes. Cette situation doit être mise à profit pour progresser dans la compréhension du phénomène. The psychanalytic interpretation by Joseph Capgras and Paul Carrette in 1924 of the second reported case of "look-alike delusion" (later known as Capgras syndrome) paved the way for what was to become the dominant approach for most of the century. Capgras, in spite of the merit he had in isolating the phenomenon within a rich delusional state, had also affirmed the absence in these patients of any intellectual deficit and this even though one of his patients was severely brain damaged. It is currently held that Capgras syndrome can be seen as well in primary psychotic disorders such as in the beginning of certain early dementias. This situation must be exploited in order to further understand the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health Bulletin / Zdravstveni Glasnik is the property of Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Capgras syndrome (CS) is a type of delusional misidentification syndrome where an individual is under the impression that a person they know has been switched with an identical imposter. One theory for the development of CS is a disturbance among the frontal, limbic, and temporal areas, which creates an alteration in an individual's ability to recognize a person's face and provoke a response emotionally. The primary risk factors for the development of CS include having a neurological disorder and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. We present a case of a 39-year-old male with a past medical history of traumatic brain injury and familial history of schizophrenia who presented to the Emergency Department with paranoia and the belief that his father had been switched with an imposter. After ruling out organic causes, he was stabilized on olanzapine before discharge to outpatient follow-up. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition of the symptomatology associated with CS and treatment with olanzapine for a favorable outcome., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Gramling et al.)

Capgras syndrome (CS) was usually considered a symptom of a functional disorder in the young, most commonly schizophrenia, or an organic disorder in the elderly. The occurrence of CS among early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is extremely rare. We describe a case in which the unrecognition of CS as part of EOAD resulted in a wrong psychiatric diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. This paper aims to acknowledge CS as an early or core manifestation and highlight EOAD as a differential diagnosis of mental disorders in young people, even without a remarkable family history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capgras syndrome is a condition characterized by the belief that a relative has been replaced by an almost identical imposter. The disorder has been reported in several neurological diseases. We describe the uncommon case of a transient Capgras syndrome manifesting as focal temporal seizures in a woman with a right frontal meningioma. Our patient represents an exceptional case of Capgras syndrome for several reasons, namely, the association with meningioma, very rarely reported before, the transient manifestation of symptoms, and, most importantly, the epileptic etiology of reduplicative paramnesias. Lastly, our report also confirms the importance of frontal and right hemisphere dysfunction in generating Capgras syndrome-like delusions.

Introduction Capgras syndrome is a disorder of personal identification characterized by the delusional belief that one or more persons close to the subject have been replaced by physically identical doubles. Objectives To deepen our knowledge of the Capgras syndrome Methods A case report about a Capgras syndrome. Results We report the case of a 46-year-old female patient who was admitted in February 2021 for incoherent speech and behavior disorder against her family members. Three years ago, she started to have hypochondriacal concerns. A week before her admission, she threatened her husband with a knife and she was convinced that her daughters were dead and that they had been replaced by clowns. She had a Capgras delusion with a hallucinatory and interpretative mechanism against her daughters, she reported olfactory and cenesthetic hallucinations. Biological explorations and brain CT were normal. The PANNS scale showed a positive scale of 36, a negative scale of 39, the general psychopathology scale of 53. She had a total score of 30/40 on The Penn emotion recognition test. The patient had difficulty in recognizing low intensity emotions (0 or 1) and 50% of the false responses were for the neutral emotion with responses tending towards anger first and then sadness. Conclusions Capgras syndrome remains poorly described in the literature and the hypotheses concerning its origin often oscillate between neuropsychological and psychodynamic. With the recent advances in neuroscience, it would be interesting to deepen its physiopathology in order to place it in a more modern nosological framework. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Capgras syndrome (CS) is a rare type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions that the patient is often replaced by their parents, relatives and sometimes even their identical twins. It is very rare in childhood. It has been reported that Capgras syndrome is frequently seen in schizophrenic cases, especially in paranoid schiphrenia and it can be observed in depression an mania. Although there is no single reason, biological and psychological factors are thought to play a role in its atiopathogenesis. While psychodynamic explanations were brought to the syndrome in may cases related to pscyhological factors, biological factors were reported to have widespread and localized brain lesions. Although this phenomenon is thought to play a role in psychological factors,detailed neuropsychiatric evaluations and axaminations should be carried out considering that an organic cause may also exist. In this case report, we aimed to discuss the case and treatment process of an adolescent Capgras Syndrome, which is accompanied by paranoid and persecutory delusions, who thinks that his parents are not real parents in the follow-up complaints of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases.

Capgras syndrome is a psychopathological phenomenon which is defined under the broad category of “Delusional misidentification syndromes.” It is seen in a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. In the psychiatric literature, Capgras syndrome is most commonly seen in association with schizophreniform psychosis. Here, we report the two cases of severe depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms presenting as Capgras syndrome, leading to significant socio-occupational and biological dysfunction. The case series highlights the need for the early identification of depressive symptoms and timely intervention in patients presenting with Capgras syndrome as it carries high risk of harm to self and others.

The article presents a case study of a 66-year-old man with psychiatric consultant due to suicidal ideation. Topics include several previous minor head injuries, Tourette's syndrome (with orofacial and verbal tics), and a history of PTSD; and demonstrating evidence of impaired perception, complex visual hallucinations, and delusions about the wife.

ABSTRACT The association between Capgras syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease has been reported in several studies, but its prevalence varies considerably in the literature, making it difficult to measure and manage this condition. Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of Capgras syndrome in patients with Alzheimer’s disease through a systematic review, and to review etiological and pathophysiological aspects related to the syndrome. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, ISI, Cochrane, Scielo, Lilacs, and Embase databases. Two independent researchers carried out study selection, data extraction, and qualitative analysis by strictly following the same methodology. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Results: 40 studies were identified, 8 of which were included in the present review. Overall, a total of 1,977 patients with Alzheimer’s disease were analyzed, and the prevalence of Capgras syndrome in this group was 6% (CI: 95% I² 54% 4.0-8.0). Conclusion: The study found a significant prevalence of Capgras syndrome in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. These findings point to the need for more studies on the topic to improve the management of these patients.

The article describes a case of an older female patient with prodromal stage of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Topics mentioned include the presentation of misidentification symptoms experienced by the patient due to the adverse reaction of clonozepam, the decrease in heart-to-mediastinum ratio, and the result of visual assessment showing a mild reduction in dopamine transporter in the putamen.

This case study describes the coexistence of Capgras and Fregoli-type delusions in a 51-year-old woman. The patient reported that her children were kidnapped and replaced with doubles. She claims that several customers at her shop are her real children. Neuropsychological assessment revealed severe defects in social cognition and an increased number of perseveration responses in the self-directed signaling task. We propose that the latter finding is a measure of the familiarity phenomenon and may be associated with hypofunction in the left retrosplenial region. SPECT-CT confirmed a pattern of hypoperfusion in the retrosplenial, posterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Delusional misidentification syndromes are associated with danger and may lead to homicide. Early assessment of the danger is a key part of the psychiatric examination. Compliance to treatment in psychosis is important to avoid the devastating consequences, for the perpetrator, the victim, and the community.

Delusional misidentification syndromes are associated with danger and may lead to homicide. Early assessment of the danger is a key part of the psychiatric examination. Compliance to treatment in psychosis is important to avoid the devastating consequences, for the perpetrator, the victim, and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being an infrequent crime, parental homicide has been associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adult perpetrators and a history of child abuse and family violence in adolescent perpetrators. Among severe psychiatric disorders there is initial evidence that delusional misidentification might also play a role in parricide. Parricides are often committed with undue violence and may result in overkill. The authors present the case of an adult male affected by schizoaffective disorder and Capgras syndrome who committed patricide. Forensic pathologists classify such cases as overkill by multiple fatal means comprising stabbing, blunt trauma and choking. Accurate crime scene investigations coupled with psychiatric examinations of perpetrator allow reconstruction of the murder stages. This overkill case is discussed in the context of a broad review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capgras syndrome is a condition characterized by the belief that a relative has been replaced by an almost identical imposter. The disorder has been reported in several neurological diseases. We describe the uncommon case of a transient Capgras syndrome manifesting as focal temporal seizures in a woman with a right frontal meningioma. Our patient represents an exceptional case of Capgras syndrome for several reasons, namely, the association with meningioma, very rarely reported before, the transient manifestation of symptoms, and, most importantly, the epileptic etiology of reduplicative paramnesias. Lastly, our report also confirms the importance of frontal and right hemisphere dysfunction in generating Capgras syndrome-like delusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Capgras syndrome, where patients have the conviction that one or more close people have been replaced by a “double,” is the most prevalent delusional misidentification syndrome. It appears in psychiatric illness and organic brain damage. It seems to be due to damage of bifrontal and right limbic and temporal regions, mainly in the right hemisphere. Objectives To review the pathologies associated to Capgras Syndrome and the relevance of the differential diagnosis Methods 53-year-old female was admitted due to great sadness, crying, social withdrawal and severe paranoid concerns over the last month. Follow-up in Mental Health since 2014, because of anxious depression. After her mother’s death, she felt being followed because of old faults. Since then, low dosis of antipsychotics were used. Now she is afraid of being harmed in relation to petty thefts she committed over 15 years ago. In recent days, she has been noticing small details indicating that her family members have been impersonated by strangers, showing anguish regarding their whereabouts. Results During her admission, high doses of antidepresants and paliperidone 6 mg/day were used with the complete disappearance of Capgras Syndrome and her anguish. Mild guilty thoughts were present after her discharge. That is why she was diagnosed with psychotic depression. Conclusions Capgras syndrome can be encountered in primary psychiatric diagnosis (particularly in schizophrenia and mood disorders) – where an organic element may exist in about a third of all cases – or secondary to organic disorders or medication-induced, through to overt organic brain damage, particularly in neurodegenerative disease.

Capgras syndrome (CS) is a delusional misidentification syndrome that is encountered in various pathologies. Here, we report the case of an 83-year-old woman affected by dementia with Lewy bodies who presented a CS during the disease. The neuropsychological assessment showed executive and face processing deficits. In this case, CS was characterized, in the beginning, by the duplication of a relative and then by its multiplication. To our knowledge, the description of the evolution of a CS in the course of a neurodegenerative disease is rare and we discuss this multiplication phenomenon in light of existing models of delusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual disability, behavioral problems and Alzheimer's disease are seen in Down syndrome which is a genetic disorder. Capgras syndrome is a misidentification syndrome. In this case report, a boy with Down syndrome and intellectual disability and also Capgras syndrome, is presented. Possible explanations of this coexistence is discussed.

Capgras syndrome (CS) is a rare type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions that the patient is often replaced by their parents, relatives and sometimes even their identical twins. It is very rare in childhood. It has been reported that Capgras syndrome is frequently seen in schizophrenic cases, especially in paranoid schiphrenia and it can be observed in depression an mania. Although there is no single reason, biological and psychological factors are thought to play a role in its atiopathogenesis. While psychodynamic explanations were brought to the syndrome in may cases related to pscyhological factors, biological factors were reported to have widespread and localized brain lesions. Although this phenomenon is thought to play a role in psychological factors, detailed neuropsychiatric evaluations and axaminations should be carried out considering that an organic cause may also exist. In this case report, we aimed to discuss the case and treatment process of an adolescent Capgras Syndrome, which is accompanied by paranoid and persecutory delusions, who thinks that his parents are not real parents in the follow-up complaints of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared psychotic disorder characterized by Capgras syndrome is an extremely rare condition. To our knowledge, there are only a few published papers on this condition. This paper presents a case of shared Capgras syndrome in two sisters. The inducer was a younger sister with schizophrenia, who passed on her Capgras delusion to her older sister after the death of their father. After committing a violent offense caused by Capgras delusion, a court ordered the sisters' involuntary admission to a psychiatric hospital. After being separated and receiving antipsychotic treatment, the sisters showed substantial improvement. However, shortly after hospital discharge, they stopped taking their medication and disappeared. After 15 years, their mother died and shortly afterwards, the sisters were re-admitted for forensic psychiatric evaluation after another violent crime caused by Capgras delusion. Timely recognition, adequate treatment and maintaining a therapeutic alliance could contribute to a better clinical course and outcome of this disorder, and reduce the risk of violent behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

The article presents 74-year-old White female presented with a right foot tremor, cognitive decline with marked fluctuations, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). It mentions she had asymmetric rest tremor in her right hand, mild rigidity, and bradykinesiaand also mentions diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Capgras and Fregoli syndromes are two psychotic and complex conditions also known as Delusional Misidentification Syndromes (DMSs). Their description dates back to the beginning of XX century, and many explanatory models have been formulated through myths, psychoanalytical and psychological hypotheses, as well as neurobiological proposals. Even if DMSs are not fully considered in the modern diagnostic manuals, they still remain intriguing phenomena to be clinically observed and explained. Also, the employment of psychotropics and physical techniques in the treatment of such conditions is not supported by robust evidences and this may encourage further studies. We conclude that it would be of great interest to brush up the neglected MDSs in order to improve our knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of delusion and brain functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most frequent diagnosis of progressive degenerative dementia in older people. Delusions are common features in DLB and, among them, Capgras syndrome represents the most frequent disturbance, characterized by the recurrent and transient belief that a familiar person, often a close family member or caregiver, has been replaced by an identical-looking imposter. However, other delusional conditions near to misidentification syndromes can occur in DLB patients and may represent a major psychiatric disorder, although rarely studied systematically. Case presentation We reported on a female patient affected by DLB who presented with an unusual delusion of duplication. Referring to the female professional caregiver engaged by her relatives for her care, the patient constantly described the presence of two different female persons, with a disorder framed in the context of a delusion of duplication. A brain 99Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime SPECT was performed showing moderate hypoperfusion in both occipital lobes, and associated with marked decreased perfusion in parieto-fronto-temporal lobes bilaterally. Conclusions An occipital hypoperfusion was identified, although in association with a marked global decrease of perfusion in the remaining lobes. The role of posterior lobes is certainly important in all misidentification syndromes where a natural dissociation between recognition and identification is present. Moreover, the concomitant presence of severe attentional and executive deficits evocative for a frontal syndrome and the marked global decrease of perfusion in the remaining lobes at the SPECT scan also suggest a possible dysfunction in an abnormal connectivity between anterior and posterior areas.