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3. Exposure to respirable silica contributes to lower airway inflammation in asthmatic horses.

Author

Romolo, Alessandra, Costa, Giulia, Sica, Beatrice, Memoli, Giulia, Ardit, Matteo, Di Benedetto, Francesco, Bellis, Donata, Capella, Silvana, Belluso, Elena, and Bullone, Michela

Subjects
POLARIZATION microscopy, PNEUMONIA, HORSE race betting, SILICA, BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage
Abstract

Background: Respirable mineral particles can induce lower airway inflammation, but the role they play in asthma of horses is unknown. Objectives: Respirable mineral particles, particularly respirable silica, are an overlooked determinant of chronic lung inflammation (asthma) in horses. Animals: Twenty‐three horses from an equine hospital population: 11 moderately affected (MEA), 7 severely asthmatic (SEA), and 5 control horses free from respiratory clinical signs. Methods: Prospective observational study. The quantity and quality of mineral particles found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were characterized, with particular attention to silica content. Polarized light microscopy performed on cytospin slides identified intracellular birefringent particles as silica. Spectrometry‐based analysis performed on whole BALF determined total mineral and silica percentage and concentration. Group‐related differences in BALF mineral and silica load were investigated as well as associations with BALF cytology. Results: Intracellular birefringent particles were increased in SEA vs MEA (median [interquartile range, IQR]), 12 [7] vs 4 [5] particles/30 high power fields [hpf], respectively; P =.01) and vs controls (4 [2] particles/30 hpf; P =.02). Total mineral concentration in BALF was similar between the groups studied, whereas silica concentration and percentage were increased in SEA vs MEA (1758 [887] particles/mL and 20 [10]% vs 867 [662] particles/mL and 8 [6]%; P =.009 and P =.001) and control group (355 [330] particles/mL and 6 [3]%; P =.0003 and P =.002). Silica load in BALF was associated with BALF neutrophilia in MEA and SEA. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Respirable silica is associated with neutrophilic lower airway inflammation in horses and might contribute to asthma development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Mineral and crystal chemical study of pseudo-C2/mnon-metamict chevkinite-(Ce): An investigation into the intracrystalline distribution of LREE, HREE, and octahedral cations in samples from the Azores and Pakistan

Author

Carbonin, Susanna, Ridolfi, Filippo, Renzulli, Alberto, Belluso, Elena, Nodari, Luca, Liziero, Federica, and Capella, Silvana

Abstract

The cation distribution among the A, B, C, and D sites of 13 crystals of chevkinite-(Ce) by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and electron microprobe analyses is reported in this article. The general formula of chevkinite-(Ce) is A4BC2D2O8(Si2O7)2, where A = REE, Ca, Th, Sr; B = Fe, Mn, Mg; C = Fe, Ti, Nb, Zr, Mg, Al; and D = Ti. Ten crystals come from quartz-bearing syenite samples of Agua de Pau (Azores Islands), and three are euhedral chevkinite crystals of a quartz-bearing pegmatite from Tangir Valley, northwestern Pakistan. The real space group for these samples is P21/a, but the average structure in space group C2/mwas used for structural refinement and further interpretation. Cation distribution was determined by minimization of the function fΣNσ2$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle f_{\rm{\Sigma N_\sigma^2}} \end{array}$that represents the sum of the squared numbers of standard deviation by which each expected quantity differs from the calculated one. Both X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe data were considered in minimization. Our results show that the two non-equivalent A sites are occupied dominantly by REE and Ca, distributed mainly as a function of their ionic size. Lanthanum enters only the 10-coordinated A2 site, whereas heavier and smaller REE enter only the 8-coordinated A1. Furthermore, comparison between bond valence sum and formal charge revealed highly stretched bonds for the A1 polyhedron, suggesting that bond lengths are too long for HREE. These findings can help better characterize the well-known ability of chevkinite to fractionate LREE from HREE. The Azores chevkinite is particularly enriched in Nb relative to its host rock. Our results show that Ti occupancy in the D sites can be as low as ca. 50% due to the presence of significant amounts of Nb, besides Fe and Zr. For two Azores crystals showing patchy zoning, a complex history of late-stage crystallization is inferred, with multiple events of Ca and REE enrichments. One of these crystals showed the best structure refinement, implying that late-magmatic to deuteric alteration stages did not affect its crystallinity. The CaO content of Azores chevkinites practically spans the entire chevkinite field in the chevkinite/perrierite CaO vs. FeO discrimination diagram. In addition, we identified possible structural stability limits that can be linked to the occupancy of the B site at high CaO, and of the C sites at high-FeO contents. The Pakistan chevkinites were also analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Only one Fe3+component was identified, which occupies the C sites. Among the two ferrous doublets, the component with the highest isomeric shift value is Fe2+entering the most distorted crystallographic site B, while the other, representative of a less distorted octahedral site, corresponds to Fe2+entering the D sites.

Published
2024
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17. Waterborne asbestos: Good practices for surface waters analyses

Author

Avataneo, Chiara, Capella, Silvana, Luiso, Mariagrazia, Marangoni, Giuliana, Lasagna, Manuela, De Luca, Domenico A., Bergamini, Massimo, Belluso, Elena, and Turci, Francesco

Subjects
analytical methods, asbestos analysis, waterborne asbestos, surface waters, guidelines, analytical methods, General Chemistry, guidelines, asbestos analysis, waterborne asbestos, surface waters
Abstract

Asbestos occurrence has been mainly monitored in air so far and only limitedly considered in other matrices, such as water. Waterborne asbestos could originate from natural or anthropogenic sources, leading to non-conventional exposure scenarios. It could be a secondary source of airborne asbestos in case of water-to-air migration, particularly in case of surface moving water, such as in rivers and streams. The scarce attention dedicated to waterborne asbestos has led to a considerable fragmentation in regulatory approaches regarding the study of water samples possibly contaminated by mineral fibres. In this context, this study has been designed to test the reliability of an existing analytical method devoted to natural waters investigations. Following the operational protocol issued by the Piedmont (Italy) Environmental Protection Agency, Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses have been performed on a standard sample of waterborne chrysotile, mimicking stream water. The investigations have been performed by different operators and using different analytical setups, to verify whether the method applied has a good interlaboratory reproducibility and which could be the most error-prone analytical steps. Three data sets have been obtained on the same sample, showing a low reproducibility among each other. Possible reasons causing this discrepancy have been discussed in detail and good practices to perform reliable analyses on surface water samples containing asbestos have been proposed to help the regulatory organs to better define analytical protocols.

Published
2023

34. Inorganic Fiber Lung Burden in Subjects with Occupational and/or Anthropogenic Environmental Asbestos Exposure in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy): An SEM-EDS Study on Autoptic Samples

Author

Silvia Damiana Visonà, Capella, Silvana, Sofia, Bodini, Paola, Borrelli, Simona, Villani, Eleonora, Crespi, Andrea, Frontini, Claudio, Colosio, and Belluso, Elena

Subjects
SEM-EDS, asbestos bodies, malignant mesothelioma, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, asbestos, Article, lung fiber burden
Abstract

Increased mortality due to malignant mesothelioma has been demonstrated by several epidemiologic studies in the area around Broni (a small town in Lombardy, northern Italy), where a factory producing asbestos cement was active between 1932 and 1993. Until now, the inorganic fiber burden in lungs has not been investigated in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the lung fiber burden in 72 individuals with previous occupational and/or anthropogenic environmental exposure to asbestos during the activity of an important asbestos cement factory. Inorganic fiber lung burden was assessed in autoptic samples taken from individuals deceased from asbestos-related diseases using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer. Significant differences in the detected amount of asbestos were pointed out among the three types of exposure. In most lung samples taken from patients who died of mesothelioma, very little asbestos (or, in some cases, no fibers) was found. Such subjects showed a significantly lower median amount of asbestos as compared to asbestosis. Almost no chrysotile was detected in the examined samples. Overall, crocidolite was the most represented asbestos, followed by amosite, tremolite/actinolite asbestos, and anthophyllite asbestos. There were significant differences in the amount of crocidolite and amosite fibers according to the kind of exposure. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the link between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma, as well as the different impacts of the various types of asbestos on human health in relation to their different biopersistences in the lung microenvironment.

Published
2021

36. Evaluation of Deposition and Clearance of Asbestos (Detected by SEM-EDS) in Lungs of Deceased Subjects Environmentally and/or Occupationally Exposed in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy)

Author

Visonà, Silvia D., primary, Capella, Silvana, additional, Bodini, Sofia, additional, Borrelli, Paola, additional, Villani, Simona, additional, Crespi, Eleonora, additional, Colosio, Claudio, additional, Previderè, Carlo, additional, and Belluso, Elena, additional

Published
2021
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37. Reply to Mirabelli et al. Is Mesothelioma Unrelated to the Lung Asbestos Burden? Comment on “Visonà et al. Inorganic Fiber Lung Burden in Subjects with Occupational and/or Anthropogenic Environmental Asbestos Exposure in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy): An SEM-EDS Study on Autoptic Samples. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2053”

Author

Visonà, Silvia Damiana, primary, Capella, Silvana, additional, Bodini, Sofia, additional, Borrelli, Paola, additional, Villani, Simona, additional, Crespi, Eleonora, additional, Frontini, Andrea, additional, Colosio, Claudio, additional, Vigliaturo, Ruggero, additional, and Belluso, Elena, additional

Published
2021
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40. Inorganic Fiber Lung Burden in Subjects with Occupational and/or Anthropogenic Environmental Asbestos Exposure in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy): An SEM-EDS Study on Autoptic Samples

Author

Visonà, Silvia Damiana, primary, Capella, Silvana, additional, Bodini, Sofia, additional, Borrelli, Paola, additional, Villani, Simona, additional, Crespi, Eleonora, additional, Frontini, Andrea, additional, Colosio, Claudio, additional, and Belluso, Elena, additional

Published
2021
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46. A Study of Radicals in Industrial Raw Cristobalite Powders

Author

Di Benedetto, Francesco, primary, Giaccherini, Andrea, additional, Romanelli, Maurizio, additional, Montegrossi, Giordano, additional, Belluso, Elena, additional, Capella, Silvana, additional, Zoleo, Alfonso, additional, Arcangeli, Giulio, additional, Marinaccio, Alessandro, additional, Gottardo, Ottorino, additional, and Capacci, Fabio, additional

Published
2020
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50. GROUNDWATER ASBESTOS POLLUTION FROM NATURALLY OCCURRING ASBESTOS (NOA): A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE LANZO VALLEYS AND BALANGERO PLAIN AREA, NW ITALY.

Author

AVATANEO, CHIARA, BELLUSO, ELENA, CAPELLA, SILVANA, COCCA, DANIELE, LASAGNA, MANUELA, PIGOZZI, GIOVANNI, and DE LUCA, DOMENICO ANTONIO

Subjects
ASBESTOS, WATER table, WATER pollution, WATER supply, MINERAL waters, AQUIFER pollution
Abstract

Groundwater or surface water flow into natural rock formations containing asbestos (NOA), e.g. serpentinites and metabasites, may result in water asbestos pollution. In fact, asbestos-bearing rocks weathering is the principal natural cause of fibres water-dispersion. As asbestos constitute a risk to human health, it is crucial, into NOA contexts, to verify the occurrence of mineral fibres in water resources, given their importance for agricultural and industrial activities and as a primary source for drinking water. For this purpose, the Lanzo Valleys and Balangero Plain (NW Italy) were selected as study area where to evaluate the possible occurrence of asbestos in groundwater, to correlate it to the geolithological and hydrogeological characteristics of the context and therefore to evaluate the possible mobility of asbestos in aquifers. The results of this preliminary study show the presence of asbestos in groundwater, generally occurring in very thin fibres which require TEM-EDS analysis. Water chemical characters, particularly dissolved cations, reflect the lithologies which occur in the area; concerning trace metals, only Ni shows a relation with NOA occurrence. In addition, several problems on sampling and analysis procedures are highlighted and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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