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When products were marketed as "Canadian" in the early American press, it meant more than simply "Made in Canada." The author argues that "Canadian" served as a brand in early American advertising to denote the robust and hardy qualities of the product. Like Canada and its inhabitants, both of which were portrayed as rugged and raw, products labelled "Canadian" were marketed as similarly sturdy and tough, even if those products had not actually originated in Canada. As far as early American advertisers were concerned, "Canadian" products were unique, and it was beneficial to advertise that fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study suggests that testing the impact of exchange rate on trade should be done using highfrequency data. Using different data frequencies for identical periods and specifications between the US and Canada, we show that low-frequency data might suppress and distort the evidence of the impact of exchange rate on trade in the short run and the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the Free Trade Agreement signed by the U.S. and Canada on October 4, 1987. The author notes that freer trade leads to more competitive and efficient allocation of resources, whereas bilateral free trade favors the stronger economic unit. Canada has historically sought agreement with the U.S. through multilateral rather than bilateral negotiations because they offset disparities in negotiating power between Canada and its trading partners. The agreement was not considered one of free trade by Canada, who was unable to obtain secure access to the U.S. market and claimed that they had entered into the agreement under false pretenses. Canada was not allowed to invoke the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) due to a stipulation in their initial agreement. Canada's struggle to develop a Canadian cultural industry is discussed.

ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of mandatory Country of Origin Labeling on American imports of Canadian hogs and pork by testing for structural change. Given the uncertainties over the timing of the implementation and reform of COOL, we implement statistical procedures that endogenously test for structural change over multiple time periods. We find evidence that COOL has impacted U.S./Canada feeder and slaughter hog trade flows. In contrast, we found no evidence of structural change for pork trade flows that could be associated with COOL. [EconLit citations: Q17; C12]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating a continental transportation system that supports the efficient movement of goods between Canada and the United States is essential to the economies of both countries. However, 25 years after the passage of the Canada–US Free Trade Act and many agreements and accords later, poor connectivity, congestion and delays still plague many transborder corridors. Recent attempts to improve this situation involving several proposed new bridge projects have either been halted or significantly delayed over the last decade. This paper will review and critically examine the bi-national planning process that has been followed in an attempt to build a new bridge across the Detroit River, known as the Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC) project. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Journal of Eastern Townships Studies / Revue d'études des Cantons-de-l'Est (JETS/RECE) is the property of Eastern Townships Resource Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper employs a unique large-scale longitudinal (1997–2005) dataset to investigate the pattern of foreign market entry by 6,079 Canadian exporters. We have found that fewer firms are choosing the United States as their initial export destination. This trend suggests that a growing number of firms are not following the traditional stage model of internationalization. Furthermore, our results suggest that government support should be targeted towards young and small Canadian-controlled firms, since they are more likely than established firms to encounter barriers and to gain benefits from exporting to a wider range of foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments, upon assuming office, most often seek to refocus foreign policy according to the preferences of the new prime minister and the primary means of accomplishing this has been to release a white paper outlining the priorities of the new government. This article will demonstrate that discussions of trade issues reinforce existing studies questioning the innovation and impact of white papers. The purpose of this analysis, however, is not to dwell on the utility of white papers and foreign policy reviews but instead search for a deeper understanding of why trade policy is discussed in an unoriginal and superficial manner. The focus of the article is on the period from 1968 to the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the practice of American printers creating prints and engravings featuring images of Canada during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Relations between the Canadian maritime provinces and New England, as well as tariff regulations, helped promote the sale of American prints in Canada and the shared colonial experiences of the two countries helped encourage interest in the subject matter in both countries. Some of the notable people discussed include artists Salathiel Ellis, Fitz Henry Lane, and Alexander Robertson.

Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information on a survey commissioned by the Canadian Consulate office in Buffalo, New York to study the impact of the Canada-U.S. border trade on those companies located within the Niagara Bi-National Region. A total of 225 companies from Canada and 236 from the U.S. agreed to participate. All 461 of these firms were either exporters or importers, or both. Eighty percent of these U.S. and Canadian firms were cither exporting or importing shipments worth less than 35 million in 2004. The survey found that security-related trade irritants are present across firms of all sizes.

Borders affect the composition, not only the level, of interregional trade. In disaggregated U.S. Commodity Flow data, border effects vary substantially across commodities. Substantial border–induced compositional change suggests the possibility that standard estimates suffer from aggregation bias arising from endogenous industry location patterns and the presence of zero observations in commodity–level trade. Adjusting for these effects reduces the estimate of the aggregate border effect from 20.9 to 5.7. JEL Classification: F14, F15 Biais d’agrégation, changement de composition, et effet de frontières. Les frontières affectent la composition et pas seulement le volume de commerce inter-régional. Une analyse des données désagrégées des flux de commerce de biens des Etats-Unis montre que l’effet de frontières varie substantiellement selon les biens. Le changement de composition du commerce engendré par les frontières suggère la possibilité que les estimations usuelles souffrent d’un biais d’agrégation résultant des patterns de localisation industrielle endogènes et de la présence d’observations nulles dans le commerce de certains biens. Un ajustement pour tenir compte de ces effets suggère que les effets de frontières passent de 20.9 à 5.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By estimating long-run relationships in bilateral import functions, the effects of the Canada–US Free Trade Agreement is analysed. We also incorporate the gradual switching model into the import function to capture the phased tariff reductions. The result shows that the free trade agreement made both countries sensitive to domestic and foreign prices and insensitive to the domestic income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies causal relations between the growth rates of exports, imports and the gross domestic product (GDP) of Canada and the U.S. Use of the vector error correction (VEC) model; Performance of Granger causality tests within the framework of the VEC model; Comparison of the total trade shares to GDP of the two countries.

Presents information on a study which analyzes data on trade flows between states and provinces in the year 1992 in order to explore the regional structure of Canada-United States trade. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on the study; Conclusions.

Presents a study on the Canada-United States (U.S.) border's effect on trade. Estimation of the size of the border effect with a dataset for 1990 province-U.S. trade; Model specification; Results and conclusion.

Studies the effect the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement which started on January 1989 to the economic relations between the two countries. Examination of regional trade between the two countries in 1988 and 1993; Emphasis on trade rather than direct investment as a means of serving the integrating market.

Investigates the linkages between the international trade and investment strategies of firms faced with global competition and the structure of protectionism. Reasons for the influence of protectionism on the global strategies of firms as well as their choice of mode for servicing the triad power markets; Discussion on corporate strategies and United States (U.S.) administered protection; Canadian corporate responses to U.S. administered protection.

Re-evaluates the dispute resolution mechanism provided in Articles 18 and 19 of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA), as seen in the Softwood Lumber dispute between the two countries. Arbitration regime of the Canada-United States FTA; Background on the Softwood Lumber dispute; Problems illuminated by the Softwood Lumber dispute; Proposed systemic changes.

Discusses the trade dispute between the United States and Canada over the rapidly growing volume of Canadian durum wheat exports into the US. Dispute as a result of the Canada/US Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA); Factors for the rapid increase in imports; Solution.

Focuses on the issue of sovereignty and trade between the United States and Canada as discussed at the Canada-United States Law Institute Conference held in Cleveland, Ohio on April 22-24, 1997. Influences on the flow and protection of technology; Impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the trade of goods and services; Concerns about the protection of intellectual property.

Presents a discussion on the Canadian cultural industries exemption under the trade agreements between the United States and Canada in response to the speech delivered by Donald S. Macdonald at the Canada-United States Law Institute Conference held in Cleveland, Ohio on April 22-24, 1997. Canada's historical basis behind its concern for protecting the nation's cultural industries.

Focuses on the Canadian cultural industries exemption under the trade agreements between the United States and Canada. Canada's position regarding the exemption; Accommodation of Canadian aspirations in the trade agreements; Canada's failure to impose a substantial barrier to the entry and sale of American cultural products to Canada.

Discusses the conflicts between the United States and Canada over the issue of sovereignty regarding export controls. Canadian legislation related to sovereignty and export controls; Differences in Canadian and American trading policy toward Cuba; Restriction of production of documents; Blocking order in the United States.

Discusses the basic provisions of the Canada-United States Memorandum of Understanding as to Notification, Consultation and Cooperation with Respect to the Application of National Antitrust Laws (MOU). Conflict between the United States and Canada in antitrust relations; Forces for cooperation in antitrust enforcement; Options for reform of antitrust laws.

Points out how the United States and Canada should conduct their trade. Contention that free trade is the key to industrial policy; Importance for both Canada and the United States to imitate the way Japan design and develop their industrial policy; Discussion on the reason why Japan posted high economic growth after World War II; How countries deal shoulf with the problem of trade surplus of Japan.

Discusses the influence of the United States (U.S.) trade policy on forest products trade. Review of the U.S. trade policy since 1930; Ramifications for U.S.-Canadian trade; Impact of the U.S.-Canadian exchange rate; U.S. demand for forest products; Impact of expanded world trade.

The concept of co-integration and the associated error-correction representation of a dynamic process (see Engle and Granger 1987) is applied to the purchasing power parity relationship between Canada and the United States. The results are supportive of purchasing power parity (PPP) as a long-run equilibrium relationship between Canadian prices, American prices, and the Canadian dollar / American dollar exchange rate. The PPP relationship is maintained, although with different dynamic mechanisms, during both fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small general equilibrium model calibrated approximately to match the Canadian tradeable goods sector is used to examine the implications of a range of assumptions about pricing behaviour and entry barriers for the impact of free trade with the United States. It turns out that only a model with an extreme combination of non-competitive product market and free entry (as well as unexploited scale economies) can generate substantial gains from free trade. Other assumptions modelled include: monopolistic competition, market share pricing, an 'economist's' model, and a 'mainstream industrial organization' approach. The predicted welfare gains range from zero to more than 7 per cent of GNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intense Canadian debate over acceptance of the 1987 Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement suggests many research topics. Consider the causes and consequences of (I) the strong Canadian media bias against the agreement; (ii) the apparent lack of interest of most Canadian economists in actively supporting the agreement, as contrasted with the active opposition from many political scientists; and (iii) the discrepancy between the econometric measurements, showing the usual small gains, and the assessment of both the active supporters (including the author), and the opponents, that the decision was the most important to face the country in this century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of Canada-U.S. trade liberalization using a revised version of the global trade model due to Whalley (1986). The model incorporates scale features similar to those in Harris and Cox (1984). The evaluated effects of bilateral free trade are significantly different from those of Harris and Cox, and the paper evaluates the contribution of various model features to these differences. Elasticity values used, calibration procedures used, and the basic model structure (global versus one-country) are found to be important contributions to the difference in model results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to measure the impact on Canada of a Canada-United States 'sectoral free trade arrangement' involving five manufacturing sectors. The analysis is based on a quantitative general equilibrium model, with particular focus on the technology, industrial structure, and conduct within the manufacturing industries in Canada. The results of the paper indicate that there are surprisingly large benefits to a sectoral free trade agreement. While the real income gains are much smaller than with a bilateral free trade arrangement involving all industrial sectors, they are on the order of 37 per cent of value added in the sectors considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)