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Calvo, Joel, Callmander, Martin W. (2023): Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar VII: A new species of Senecio L. (Compositae). Adansonia (3) 45 (16): 279-283, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a16

Senecio marinae J. Calvo & Callm., sp. nov. (Figs 1; 2) Senecio marinae sp. nov. can be distinguished by its scrambling or ascending habit with stems 1-4 m long, the oblanceolate to obtrullate, fleshy, glabrous leaves, usually somewhat tricuspidate apically, the synflorescences with subumbelliform divisions, the discoid capitula with 10-11 involucral bracts, and the glabrous achenes. It mostly differs from the similar species S. francoisii Humbert and S. handiensis Forssk. in having discoid capitula. TYPE. — Madagascar. Boeny Region [Prov. Mahajanga]: Bealanana, Mangindrano, Ambohimirahavavy, Antsahivo, W du campement 01, Matsabory, 14°24’12”S, 49°03’56”E, 1980 m, 20.X.2005, Wohlhauser, Callmander & Buerki 785 (holo-, G [G00398286]!; iso-, MO [MO-3401237] image!; P [P02473236]!; TAN). PHENOLOGY. — The new species has been found in bloom in October and November. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Senecio marinae, sp. nov. is known at elevations of 1365-2375 m in Ambohimiravavy, Biempoko, Sorata, and Tsaratanana massifs. The new species grows on plateaux and ridges in open forests (chablis) rich in Bamboo in medium altitude moist evergreen forest and at the transition between these forests and the ericoid mountain thicket (sensu Gautier et al. 2018). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet marinae honors Marina Rabarimanarivo, botanist at the Missouri Botanical Garden in Antananarivo who contributes immensely to the Madagascar Catalogue project (Madagascar Catalogue 2023) and understood that the collections from high altitudes in Northern Madagascar represented a new species when she evaluated the genus Senecio for the project in 2009. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Senecio marinae, sp. nov. has an estimated EOO of c. 1319 km ², an AOO of 24 km ², and five locations encompassed within the COMATSA Nord and Tsaratanana protected areas. Fires are known to occasionally enter pristine forests in those protected areas and are also known along pastures and summit zones (Goodman et al. 2018). Due to the plausible threats to its habitat for slash-and-burn agriculture and fires caused by lightning, S. marinae, sp. nov. is assigned to a preliminary risk of extinction status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)] using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Diana Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Marotolana, Ambanja, Tsaratanana massif, S slopes, 14°02’53”S, 48°57’04”E, 2211-2365 m, 5.XI.2000, Antilahimena et al. 653 (G!, K, MO [MO798854] image!, P [P02473228]!, TAN image!); Tsaratanana, XI.1966, Morat 2256 (TAN image!); Manambato, à 10 km à vol d’oiseau du fkt. Antsahavalany, [Sorata], 13°43’28”S, 49°22’43”E, 1559 m, 25.X.2007, Randriambololomamonjy et al. 103 (MO [MO3401222] image!, P [P04276661]!, TAN). — Sava Region [Prov. Antisranana]: 22 km à l’E de Bealanana, montagne de Beampoko, 14°13’41”S, 49°08’14”E, 1991 m, 17.XI.2005, Randrianarivelo et al. 329 (MO, P [P02473238]!, TAN); plateau entre Beampoko et Ambohimirahavavy, 14°12’07”S, 49°07’05”E, 2220 m, 9.XI.2005, Randrianarivony et al. 74 (G!, MO, P [P02473237]!, TAN); Andrafainkona, forêt dense humide de Sorata, 1.X.2007, 13°40’57”S, 49°26’33”E, 1364 m, Razakamalala et al. 3634 (MO [MO3185014] image!, P [P04276663]!, TAN). DESCRIPTION Suffrutescent subshrub, scrambling or ascending, 1-4 m tall. Stem terete, smooth, fistulous (at least upper parts), glabrous, with leaves only on upper part as plant ages. Leaves alternate, simple, pseudopetiolate; laminas oblanceolate to obtrullate, usually somewhat tricuspidate apically, 6-13 × 2.3-5.5 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, margins entire, glabrous on both faces, with venation barely noticeable, fleshy, shiny in living plants; pseudopetioles 1-2.5 cm long, glabrous.Synflorescences corymbiform in overall shape, with divisions subumbelliform; synflorescence bracts linear-subulate. Capitula discoid on peduncles 6-10 mm long with 1-3 bracteoles. Involucres cylindrical, 8-9 × 4-5 mm, glabrous; receptables flat, somewhate fimbrillate; involucral bracts 10-11, linear-oblong, 5.8-7.4× 0.6-1 mm, glabrous; supplementary bracts (calyculus) 3-5, linear-subulate, 1.5-2.3 × c. 0.3 mm, glabrous. Florets c. 22, hermaphrodite; corollas 5.7-6.2 mm long, tubular, limbs c. 2.7 mm long, 5-lobed, yellow; filament collars balustrifrom; anthers 1.5 mm long (including appendage), bases caudate, a half as long as the filament collar, yellowish, appendages c. 0.3 × 0.2 mm; style branches truncate with a crown of sweeping trichomes, yellowish. Achenes cylindrical, c. 1.7 × 0.3 mm (immature), c. 9-ribbed, glabrous; pappus 5.8-6.2 mm long, barbellate, white. NOTES In its habit and leaf morphology, Senecio marinae, sp. nov. presents morphological affinities with both S. francoisii Humbert and S. hadiensis Forssk. [synonym of S. petitianus A. Rich.]. These species are characterized by having a scrambling or ascending habit, fleshy, pinnatinerved leaves, and radiate capitula. Humbert (1963) treated them as the only members of his informal Senecio group XIV. The new species, however, clearly differs in having discoid capitula. In addition, S. marinae, sp. nov. differs from S. francoisii in stem length (1-4 m vs 0.2-0.3 m in S. francoisii), leaf size (6-13× 2.3-5.5 cm vs 3-8 × 1.2-2.5 cm in S. francoisii), and involucral bract length (5.8-7.4 mm vs 5-5.4 mm in S. francoisii). With respect to S. hadiensis, the new species further differs in the involucral bract length (5.8-7.4 mm vs 3.7-4.2 mm in S. hadiensis). The variety with discoid capitula described from Comoros under the name S. petitianus subvar. discoideus Humbert, can be also differentiated by the remarkable shorter involucral bracts; it has not been recorded in Madagascar. It is interesting to note that S. francoisii, the Malagasy populations of S. hadiensis, and the new species display caudate anther bases. The new species seems to be restricted to the northern mountains of Madagascar, whereas S. francoisii is distributed through the central-east Madagascar and S. hadiensis in the centre and south-east part of the island. Their distributions areas do not overlap., Published as part of Calvo, Joel & Callmander, Martin W., 2023, Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar VII: A new species of Senecio L. (Compositae), pp. 279-283 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (16) on pages 280-283, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a16, http://zenodo.org/record/8109269, {"references":["GAUTIER L., TAHINARIVONY J. A., RANIRISON P. & WOHLHAUSER S. 2018. - Vegetation, in GOODMAN S. M., RAHERILALAO J. & WOHLHAUSER S. (eds), The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description, and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo: 207 - 242.","MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE 2023. - Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / Project / Madagascar]","GOODMAN S. M., RAHERILALAO J. & WOHLHAUSER S. 2018. - Site 11. COMATSA Nord, in GOODMAN S. M., RAHERILALAO J. & WOHLHAUSER S. (eds), The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description, and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo: 597 - 611.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.","HUMBERT H. 1963. - Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 189 e Famille, Composees, tome III. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 623 - 911. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6600"]}

4. Humbertacalia coursii (Humbert) C. Jeffrey Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 83 (Jeffrey 1992). Senecio coursii Humbert, Mémoires de l’Institut scientifique de Madagascar, sér. B, 6: 195 (Humbert 1955). — Typus: Madagascar. Sava Region [Prov. Antsiranana], massif de l’Anjanaharibe (pentes et sommet nord) à l’ouest d’Andapa (haute Andramonta, bassin de la Lokoho (nord-est), [14°36’S, 49°27’E], 1200 m, 10.XII.1950 - 3.I.1951, bud & fl., Humbert, Capuron & Cours 24660 (lecto-, P [P00727179]!; isolecto-, P [P02436224, P02436225]!). — Pentes occidentales du massif de Marojejy (nord-est), bassin de la Lokoho, à l’est d’Ambalamanasy II, district d’Andapa, [14°27’S, 49°42’E], 450-800 m, 28.XI.1948, fl., Humbert & Capuron 22144 (syn-, P [P00498764, P02436230]!). — Fitovinany Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa], Bassin de Matitanana, forêt primitive de Tsianovoha, [21°47’S, 47°21’E], IX.1934, bud & fl., Heim s.n. (syn-, P [P00727178]!). — Atsinanana Region [Prov. Toamasina], forêt orientale (vestiges), bassin inférieur de Mangoro, [19°42’S, 48°03’E], X.1927, fl. & fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 18123 (syn-, P [P00727180, P00727181]!). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet coursii honors the French botanist Gilbert Cours-Darne (1909-2001), who participated in collecting the type material with Humbert and Capuron. Cours was trained as an engineer in tropical agronomy and worked in Madagascar from 1931 to 1961 where he discovered numerous species in the company of Humbert. VERNACULAR NAMES. — “Vahipiretaka” (Heim s.n.). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia coursii occurs in humid and subhumid bioclimates, along eastern Madagascar, from Marojejy (Sava Region) in the north to Ivohibe (Ihorombe region) in the south, in medium altitude moist evergreen forest on gneiss and granite substrate, at elevations from 500-1600 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia coursii has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 16 892 km 2, an area of occupancy (AOO) of 24 km 2, and six locations with respect to the most serious plausible threat of illegal logging and agriculture. Even though, it occurs within the protected areas of Anjanaharibe-Sud, Marojejy and Ivohibe, it is threatened by ongoing degradation or destruction of its habitat due to shifting agriculture, illegal logging and wood harvesting; all of which will result in inferred continuing decline in its habitat quality. Based on current information, H. coursii is therefore assessed as “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Sava Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Anjanaharibe, Andapa, [14°36’S, 49°27’E], 1200 m, 17.XII.1950, bud & fl., Cours 3698 (MO, P [P02397553], TAN); pentes orientales du Marojejy (NE), à l’ouest de la rivière Manantenina, affluent de la Lokoho, [14°25’45”S, 49°44’22”E], 1450 m, 24.III.1949, ster., Humbert 23649 (P [P02397552]). — Ihorombe Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: forêt de Marovahy près d’Ivohibe, [22°31’S, 46°59’E], 27.XI.1924, fl., Armand 35 (P [P02397554, P02397555]). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 6-10 × 3-5.1 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acute to attenuate (usually mucronate), margins remotely mucronate (entire in overall appearance) to shallowly dentate, tomentose-hirsute on both surfaces (rarely pilose), venation pinnate (conspicuous on abaxial surface), rather chartaceous; petioles up to 3 cm long. Synflorescences axillary and terminal, spiciform. Capitula sessile; involucres campanulate, slightly arachnoid to glabrescent at base; involucral bracts (11-)13, 3.7-4.5 × 0.7- 0.9 mm; supplementary bracts 6-8, 1.5-2 mm long. Florets c. 20, 3.2-3.7 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, pale greenish; anther bases caudate, almost as long as filament collar; style branches obtuse with a crown of sweeping trichomes. Achenes c. 1.8 × 0.6 mm (immature), rather cylindrical, glabrous, straw-coloured; pappus 3.7-3.9 mm long, whitish. NOTES This species is well-characterized by the tomentose-hirsute leaves on both surfaces and the long-spiciform synflorescences with sessile capitula usually arranged in lax glomerules. The trichomes are pluricellular, with the apical part whitish flageliform and caducous and the basal cells permanent and ochraceous. It might be confused with Humbertacalia madagascarensis, but the involucral bract number and length are useful to discriminate each other [(11-)13, 3.7-4.5 mm in H. coursii vs 8(-9), 4.4-5.3 mm in H. madagascarensis]. Moreover, H. coursii has sessile capitula whereas those of H. madagascarensis are subsessile, sometimes having a short peduncle up to 2 mm long. The trichomes of the leaves and stems are also longer in H. coursii. Among the syntypes cited in the protologue, the specimen P00727179 (Humbert 24660) is designated as the lectotype because it is taxonomically very informative and the collection consists of three duplicates. The collection Cours 3698 comes from the same gathering (see Humbert’s annotation on the label of P02436225), but it is not considered type material because it is not explicitly mentioned in the protologue., Published as part of Rabarimanarivo, Marina N., Callmander, Martin W. & Calvo, Joel, 2023, Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion, pp. 93-113 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (7) on page 101, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7774939, {"references":["JEFFREY C. 1992. - The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae: VI. Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 49 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110768","HUMBERT H. 1955. - Une merveille de la nature a Madagascar. Premiere exploration botanique du massif du Marojejy et de ses satellites. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, ser. B, Biologie vegetale 6: 1 - 272.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge."]}

7. Humbertacalia neoalleizettei (Humbert) C. Jeffrey (Fig. 3) Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 83 (Jeffrey 1992). Senecio neoalleizettei Humbert, Notulae Systematicae 15 (4): 374 (Humbert 1959). — Typus: Madagascar. Diana Region [Prov. Antsiranana], Massif du Tsaratanana, plateaux supérieurs et hauts sommets de l’Amboabory à l’Antsianongatalata, flanc sud de l’Antsianongatalata, [14°01’30”S, 48°59’00”E], 2600- 2700 m, XI-XII.1937, fl., Humbert 18479 (lecto-, designated here, P [P00557630]; isolecto-, P [P00557629]!) (Fig. 3); ibid. loco, flanc sud de l’Amboabory, [14°01’30”S, 48°59’00”E], 2400- 2500 m, XI-XII.1937, fl., Humbert 18372 (syn-, G [G00398317]!, P [P02397528, P02397529, P02397530, P03420990, P04416356, P04416357]!, TAN!). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet neoalleizettei honors Aymar Charles d’Alleizette (1884-1967), a French military administrator who was stationed in Madagascar in 1906. D’Alleizette was interested in botany and collected many botanical specimens. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Unknown. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia neoalleizettii is known only from Tsaratanana massif, in montane bioclimate of northern Madagascar (Diana Region). It occurs on plateau or slope of remnant medium altitude moist evergreen forest and montane ericoid thicket, at high elevation of 2400-2750 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia neoalleizettii has a narrow distribution with an area of occupancy (AOO) of 8 km 2 and known from two locations. The species grows on plateau or slope of Tsaratanana massif at high elevation within the protected area. The montane ericoid thicket in the vast summit plateau is vulnerable and under threat (see comments under H. amplexifolia) but the known distribution of H. neoalleizettii also includes remnant medium altitude moist evergreen forest. These forests are not threatened at these altitudes by illegal cannabis plantations. Therefore, H. neoalleizettii is assessed as “Endangered” [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Diana Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Tsaratanana massif, between Tsaratanana peak and Maromokotro, 14°01’59”S, 48°58’49”E, 2720 m, 19.X.2001, fl., Lowry et al. 5429 (MO, P [P02397889], TAN); ibid. loco, plateau supérieur du massif (Tsiatongatalata), [14°01’30”S, 48°59’00”E], 2700-2750 m, 14.XII.1966, fl., Service Forestier 27088 (P [P02397527], TEF [TEF000676]). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 4.5-8 × 2-4.2 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute, margins finely dentate to crenate, glabrous on both surfaces, venation pinnate (conspicuous on both surfaces, including tertiary veins), rather coriaceous; petioles up to 1.5 cm long. Synflorescences mostly terminal, thyrsoid-paniculiform. Capitula pedunculate (peduncles 2-4 mm long); involucres rather cylindrical, glabrous, somewhat swollen at base; involucral bracts 5, 2.7-3 × 0.6- 1.3 mm; supplementary bracts 1-3, 0.7-0.9 mm long. Florets c. 5, 4-4.4 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, whitish; anther bases short-caudate, a third to a half as long as filament collar; style branches obtuse with a crown of sweeping trichomes. Achenes 2.6-2.9 × 0.5-0.7 mm, rather cylindrical, c. 6-ribbed, glabrous, straw-coloured; pappus 3.8-4.1 mm long, whitish. NOTES This species is easily recognized by its glabrous, finely dentate to crenate leaves, the involucres composed of five involucral bracts, and the pedunculate capitula. This latter character distinguished it from Humbertacalia pyrifolia (Bojer ex DC.) C. Jeffrey, a similar species that has sessile or subsessile capitula, usually arranged in glomerules. The protologue is ambiguous when designating the type of the name because Humbert cited two collections as follows: “ Humbert 18372, 18479 (Holotype P)”. Because the indicated elevation rank is “entre 2400 et 2700 m alt.”, where “ 2400 m ” corresponds to the lower elevation of Humbert 18372 and “ 2700 m ” the higher elevation of Humbert 18479, it is quite clear that Humbert considered both collections as the type material. The use of the term “ holotype ” to denote what is in fact syntypes is an error to be corrected. Herein, we designate the specimen P00557630 corresponding to Humbert 18479 as the lectotype of the name (Fig. 3); an isolectotype is also kept at P., Published as part of Rabarimanarivo, Marina N., Callmander, Martin W. & Calvo, Joel, 2023, Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion, pp. 93-113 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (7) on pages 103-104, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7774939, {"references":["JEFFREY C. 1992. - The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae: VI. Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 49 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110768","HUMBERT H. 1959. - Contributions a l'etude de la flore de Madagascar et des Comores, 7. Notulae Systematicae, Herbier du Museum de Paris 15 (4): 359 - 376. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8067312","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge."]}

10. Humbertacalia tomentosa (Lam.) C. Jeffrey (Fig. 6) Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 83 (Jeffrey 1992). Eupatorium tomentosum Lam., Encyclopédie méthodique, Botanique 2: 410 (Lamarck 1786). — Eupatorium auriculatum Vahl, Symbolae Botanicae 3: 95 (Vahl 1794), nom. illeg. (Turland et al. 2018: ICN Art. 52.1, 53.1), non Eupatorium auriculatum Lam., Encyclopédie méthodique, Botanique 2: 411 (Lamarck 1786). — Mikania tomentosa (Lam.) Willd. , Species Plantarum [Willdenow] 3 (3): 1744 (Willdenow 1803). — Cacalia penicillata Cass., Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles (ed. 2) 48: 460 (Cassini 1827), nom. nov., non Cacalia tomentosa Jacq., Florae Austriacae 3: 20 (Jacquin 1775). — Senecio penicillatus (Cass.) Sch. Bip. , Flora 28: 499 (Schultz Bipontinus 1845), non Senecio tomentosus Salisb., Prodromus Stirpium in Horto ad Chapel Allerton: 196 (Salisbury 1796). — Senecio tomentosus (Lam.) Cordem., Flore de l’Île de la Réunion: 543 (Cordemoy 1895), nom. illeg. [ICN Art. 53.1], non Senecio tomentosus Salisb.(Salisbury 1796). — Typus: Réunion. Isle de Bourbon, VIII.1771, Commerson s.n. (lecto-, designated here, P-LA [P00308911]!; isolecto-, C [C10007936 image]!, MPU [MPU011692, MPU011693, MPU011694, MPU023482 images]!), P [P00150817, P00150818, P00150819]!), P-LA [P00308910, P00308912]!). Senecio concolor Cordem., Flore de l’Île de la Réunion: 543 (Cordemoy 1895), nom. illeg. [ICN Art. 53.1]. — Typus: Réunion. Grand Tampon, s.d., Frappier? (lecto-, designated here, MARS [MARS090691 image]!). Senecio penicillatus var. glabrescens Humbert, Mémoires de la Société linnéenne de Normandie 25: 141, 306 (Humbert 1923). — Senecio penicillatus subvar. glabrescens (Humbert) Humbert, Flore de Madagascar et des Comores 189 (3): 768 (Humbert 1963), syn. nov. — Typus: Madagascar. Analamanga Region [Prov. Antananarivo], Angavo à l’E deTananarive, [18°55’S, 47°46’E], 1500 m, VIII.1914, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 3376 (lecto-, designated here, P [P00557619]!; isolecto-, P [P00557620]!, TAN [TAN000173]!). — Vakinankaratra Region [Prov. Antananarivo], versant E du Mt Tsiafajavona, [19°21’S, 47°14’E], 2000 m, IX.1921, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 13934 (syn-, P [P00557621, P00557622, P00557623]!). ICONOGRAPHY. — Vahl (1794: tab. LXXII, sub. Eupatorium auriculatum); Humbert (1963: 761, fig. 139, 16-17, sub Senecio penicillatus); Jeffrey (1993: 135, pl. 44). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet tomentosa refers to the whitish lanate indumentum that this species has on the abaxial leaf surfaces. VERNACULAR NAMES. — “Herbe à bouc” (Lamarck 1786); “petite liane blanche” (Cordemoy 1895); “liane des lylas” (Commerson s.n., Lin 167). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia tomentosa is known from Madagascar and the island of Réunion. In Madagascar, it is found in subhumid and montane bioclimates of the high plateau, mostly in sclerophyllous woodland, highland remnant medium altitude moist evergreen forest, and inselbergs, at elevations of 1200-2300 m, while in Réunion, it occurs in forests at 100-1800 m elevation. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia tomentosa has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 210 137 km 2, an area of occupancy (AOO) of 52 km 2, and 12 locations on Madagascar with respect to the most serious plausible threat of fire. It occurs in the protected areas of Ankaratra-Manjakatompo and Andringitra in Madagascar. Based on current information available, H. tomentosa is thus assessed as “Near Threatened” [NT] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). Humbertacalia tomentosa is listed as “Least Concern” [LC] in Réunion (Picot 2010). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Amoron’i Mania Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: environs d’Ambositra, mont Vatomavy, [20°27’S, 47°07’E], 1500-1870 m, 23.VII.1928, fl., Humbert & Swingle 4796 (P); Antety près Ambositra, [20°32’S, 47°13’E], 1600 m, V.1912, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 2945 (P). — Analamanga Region [Prov. Antananarivo]: Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe, [18°19’S, 47°06’E], 10.VIII.1939, fl., Decary 14962 (P). — Haute Matsiatra Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Andringitra National Park, 22°09’19”S, 46°56’41”E, 1750 m, 26.V.2004, fl., Rogers 679 (MO, TAN); Ialatsara (Ambositra), [21°04’S, 47°12’E], VIII.1953, fl., Bosser 6256 (P); ibid. loco, fl., Bosser 6257 (TAN [TAN000978]); ibid. loco, fl., Bosser 6258 (MO, TAN); Andringitra, district d’Ambalavao, au pied du Tsorana, [22°13’S, 46°55’E], 2300 m, 10.V.1957, fl., Cours 5181 (P, TAN); Mont Belambana (sud Betsileo) entre les bassins du Mananara et du Mangoky, [21°50’S, 46°56’E], 1200 m, 1911, Perrier de la Bâthie 2961 (P, TAN); RN 5, canton Sendrisoa, district Ambalavao, [22°13’S, 46°55’E], 05.VI.1951, fl., Réserves Naturelles 3062 (P, TAN). — Vakinankaratra Region [Prov. Antananarivo]: Massif de l’Ankaratra, flanc oriental du Tsiafajavona, restes de forêt à Manjakatompo, [19°22’S, 47°18’E], 1700-2000 m, 15.VII.1928, fl., Decary et al. 4535 (G, K [K000377691], P [P04391736]). Réunion. Benoune, riv. des Pluies, [20°56’S, 55°30’E], 100 m, VII.1945, fl., Rivals s.n. (P [P03276421]); forêt de La Nouvelle près du col de Fourche, [21°04’S, 55°26’E], 1800 m, V.1945, fl. & fr., Rivals s.n. (P [P03276419]); forêt des Hauts de la Raudes Lataniers, [21°02’S, 55°23’E], V.1943, bud, Rivals s.n. (P [P03276420]); Le Tampon, sentier botanique de Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix, southern portion of trail closest to the ridge, 21°15’58”S, 055°36’06”E, 1695 m, 1.IX.2021, Ah-Peng & Wilding 416 (G); trail from Le Brulé to La Roche Ecrite, 1400 m, 23.VII.1961, St. John 26523 (G); [wrongly indicated from Cape of Good Hope], s.d., Ecklon s.n. (G); Isle de Bourbon Cton. Lam. Dct., s.d., bud & fl., Lin 167 (MPU [MPU011692, MPU011693, MPU011694]); Bourbon, 1820, Perrottet s.n. (G). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 4-8 × 2-5.2 cm, ovate to ellipticlanceolate, base cordate to rounded (sometimes truncate), apex acute to acuminate, margins remotely mucronate (entire in overall appearance) to irregularly and shallowly dentate, glabrescent on adaxial surface (usually initially arachnoid), arachnoid to whitish-lanate on abaxial surface (rarely quickly deciduous), venation palmately 3-5-veined (conspicuous on abaxial surface), rather chartaceous; petioles up to 2.5 cm long, with reduced or well-developed suborbicular auricles. Synflorescences axillary and terminal, thyrsoid-paniculiform to narrowly thyrsoid-paniculiform (spiciform). Capitula sessile; involucres rather cylindrical, arachnoid at base; involucral bracts 5-8, 2.2-3(-3.7) × 0.6- 1.2 mm; supplementary bracts 3-6, 0.5-1.7 mm long. Florets 5-10, 2.9-3.5 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, whitish; anther bases caudate, a half to as long as filament collar; style branches penicillate (tuft 0.25-0.3 mm long, rarely absent). Achenes 1.7-2.3 × 0.5-0.6 mm, rather cylindrical, 5-6-ribbed, pubescent to sparsely pubescent (trichomes c. 0.25 mm long), straw-coloured; pappus 2.2-3.8 mm long, whitish (Fig. 6). NOTES Humbertacalia tomentosa is characterized by having palmately veined leaves, usually whitish-lanate indumentum on the abaxial leaf surfaces, and pubescent achenes. It is the only member of the genus displaying penicillate style branch apices, with the tuft of longer trichomes reaching 0.25-0.3 mm long (rarely absent). It is a variable species concerning the leaf shape, which can be ovate with cordate bases to elliptic-lanceolate with rounded to truncate bases, as well as in regard to the leaf margins that vary from remotely mucronate (entire in overall appearance) to irregularly and shallowly dentate. Some specimens display well-developed leaf auricles (e.g. St. John 26523) but in other specimens these appear to be much reduced or almost absent (e.g. Ecklon s.n.). Humbert (1963) recognized the plants from Réunion as Senecio penicillatus subvar. penicillatus (homotypic synonym of Humbertacalia tomentosa), a taxon that is also recorded from Madagascar (e.g. Perrier de la Bâthie 2961) and that he differentiated from Senecio penicillatus subvar. glabrescens by the higher density of the indumentum on the abaxial leaf surfaces. The multiple intermediate forms between both taxa did not allow him to separate them at a higher rank (Humbert 1963: 768). He also stated that some specimens from Réunion were characterized by having 5-6 involucral bracts with 5-6 florets, but were otherwise identical to the Malagasy populations with usually c. 8 involucral bracts and c. 10 florets. In Madagascar, there are certainly some specimens with very sparse arachnoid trichomes on the abaxial leaf surfaces (e.g. Perrier 13934), but the typical forms are also found (e.g. Cours 5181). As Humbert, we also studied several intermediate forms (e.g. Humbert & Swingle 4796). This, together with the fact that we did not find any other difference, makes unadvisable recognizing more than a single taxon. P-LA harbours three specimens of Eupatorium tomentosum. The specimen P00308911 is the only one that bears a label with the provenance of the material (“isle de bourbon”) and the collector name (“Commers.”); P00308910 lacks any label; and P00308912 indicates Commerson as the collector but Brazil as the origin of the material, which is clearly a mistake because this species is not known in this country. Because of the similar phenology and the overall preservation conditions of the material, the three specimens are considered as belonging to the same collection, as well as several specimens that are kept in the general herbarium of P and MPU. The specimen P00308911 from P-LA is therefore designated as the lectotype. Vahl’s name Eupatorium auriculatum was treated as a heterotypic later synonym of E. tomentosum and the specimen at C (C 10007936) was indicated as the holotype of the name (Jeffrey 1993). In our opinion, this specimen is a duplicate of the Commerson collection from 1771 although no label explicitly indicates that. The fact that Vahl indicated that the provenance of the plant was “Brasilia”, as it appears on one of the specimens in P-LA, reveals that it most probably originated from P. The specimen may have reached C through A. Thouin (1747-1824), who sent other Commerson’s collections from Réunion to Vahl such as the original material of Cacalia reticulata Vahl (1794: 91). It is known that considerable numbers of Commerson’s duplicates were sent from P to several European herbaria (Stafleu & Cowan 1976). Here, Eupatorium auriculatum Vahl [1794] and E. tomentosum Lam. [1786] are treated as homotypics, the former being illegitimate on account both of its superfluity and for being a later homonym of E. auriculatum Lam. [1786]. In the protologue of Senecio concolor, Cordemoy cited a Frappier specimen from “Grand Tampon” and also indicated that the plant was found by himself in “Rivière Saint-Denis” (both in Réunion), though it remains unclear if material from the latter locality was collected or not. The single specimen of S. concolor originating from Cordemoy’s personal herbarium we found is kept at MARS and bears a label where both localities are indicated and no collector specified. Jeffrey (1993) considered this specimen as a syntype, which seems appropriate considering the ambiguity of the protologue and that other collections may exist as the whereabouts of Cordemoy’s herbarium are poorly known (Stafleu & Cowan 1976). In pursuit of establishing the usage of this name, we here lectotypify S. concolor on the MARS specimen. Humbert (1923) described Senecio penicillatus var. glabrescens on the basis of the syntypes Perrier de la Bâthie 3376 and 13934, which separated from the typical variety by the laxer arachnoid indumentum on both leaf surfaces. The collection 3376 is taxonomically informative and consists of three specimens kept in two different herbaria. The specimen P 00557619 is accordingly designated as the lectotype of the name S. penicillatus var. glabrescens. Finally, it is interesting to note that the name Cacalia cuspidata Klatt was included in the synonymy of Humbertacalia tomentosa by Jeffrey (1993), who did not study the type material. We also failed in locating it, but according to Cordemoy (1895: 544) we believe that the original description does not fit well with the concept of H. tomentosa. Therefore, the name Cacalia cuspidata is, for the time being, excluded from the synonymy of this species., Published as part of Rabarimanarivo, Marina N., Callmander, Martin W. & Calvo, Joel, 2023, Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion, pp. 93-113 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (7) on pages 108-112, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7774939, {"references":["JEFFREY C. 1992. - The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae: VI. Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 49 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110768","LAMARCK J. - B. 1786. - Eupatorium tomentosum Lam. Encyclopedie methodique, Botanique 2: 410. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 824","VAHL M. 1794. - Symbolae Botanicae […] 3. Impensis auctoris, Nicolaus Moller et filius, Aulae Regiae Typographi, Hauniae, 106 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57641","TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWK- SWORTH D. L., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. - H., LI D. - Z., MARHOLD K., MAY T. W., MCNEILL J., MONRO A. M., PRADO J., PRICE M. J. & SMITH G. F. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","CASSINI A. H. G. 1827. - Senecionees, Senecioneae, in CUVIER F. (ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles. Ed. 2, 48. F. G. Levrault, Strasbourg, Paris; Le Normant, Paris: 446 - 466. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25313173","JACQUIN N. J. 1775. - Florae Austriacae. Vol. 3. Typis Leopoldi Joannis Kaliwoda, Viennae, 55 p.","SCHULTZ BIPONTINUS C. H. 1845. - Ueber einige mit Senecio zu verbindende Gattungen. Flora 32: 497 - 500.","SALISBURY R. A. 1796. - Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium. Typis Gul. Bulmer, Londini, 422 p.","CORDEMOY E. J. DE. 1895. - Flore de l'Ile de la Reunion. Librairie medicale & scientifique Jacques Lechevalier, Paris, 574 p.","HUMBERT H. 1923. - Les Composees de Madagascar. Memoires de la Societe linneenne de Normandie 25: 3 - 327.","HUMBERT H. 1963. - Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 189 e Famille, Composees, Tome III. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris: 623 - 911.","JEFFREY C. 1993. - Senecioneae Cass., in HIND D. J. N., JEFFREY C. & SCOTT A. J. (eds), Flore des Mascareignes. 109. Composees. Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius; Institut francais de recherche scientifique pour le developpement en cooperation, Paris; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 130 - 164.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.","PICOT F. (coord.) 2010. - La liste rouge des especes menacees en France. Flore vasculaire de la Reunion. Comite francais de l'UICN et MNHN, Paris.","STAFLEU F. A. & COWAN R. S. 1976. - Taxonomic literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Ed. 2. Volume I: A-G. Regnum Vegetabile 94. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631"]}

6. Humbertacalia madagascarensis Y.L. Peng & Li Bing Zhang Phytotaxa 283 (3): 291 (Peng & Zhang 2016). TYPUS. — Madagascar. Sava Region [Prov. Antsiranana], Réserve naturelle intégrale de Marojejy, 10.5 km NW of Manantenina, along tributary at head of Andranomifototra River, Campement 4, 14°26’24”S, 49°44’30”E, 1625 m, 4-13.XI.1996, fr., Rakotomalaza et al. 850 (holo-, MO [MO798972]!; iso-, G [G00398316]!, P [P02478358]!, TAN!). Senecio leucopappus var. austro-orientalis Humbert, Notulae Systematicae 15 (4): 372 (Humbert 1959). — Senecio leucopappus subsp. austro-orientalis (Humbert) Humbert, Flore de Madagascar et des Comores 189 (3): 764 (Humbert 1963), syn. nov. — Typus: Madagascar. Anosy Region [Prov. Toliara], massif de Beampingaratra (sud-est), du col de Bevava au sommet de Bekoho, [24°26’S, 46°53’E], 1100-1500 m, 6-7.XI.1928, fl., Humbert 6446 (lecto-, designated here, P[P00557667]!; isolecto-, G[G00007641]!, P[P00557666]!). ICONOGRAPHY. — Humbert (1963: 761, fig. 139, 12-13, sub Senecio leucopappus subsp. austro-orientalis); Peng & Zhang (2016: 292, fig. 1). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet madagascarensis obviously refers to Madagascar. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Unknown. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia madagascarensis occurs in subhumid bioclimate. It is known from medium altitude moist evergreen forest (Marojejy, corridor between Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud, Manongarivo) in Sava and Diana Regions, subhumid forest of central Madagascar (Analamanga region), to eastern humid evergreen forests of Madagascar (Alaotra-Mangoro Region) up to the Massif of Kalambatritra, Beampingaratra (Anosy Region) and Midongy du Sud (Atsimo-Atsinanana Region), mostly degraded forests, on laterite of gneiss, between 1000-1900 m elevation. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia madagascarensis has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 168 168 km 2, an area of occupancy (AOO) of 36 km 2 and eight locations with respect to the most serious plausible threat for agriculture. We inferred continuing decline in its habitat quality, even if the species occurs within the protected areas of Ambatofotsy, Ambohitantely, Befotaka-Midongy du Sud, Kalambatritra, Manongarivo, Marojejy and Mangabe. Therefore, H. madagascarensis is assessed as “Vulnerable” [VU B2 ab(iii)] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Alaotra-Mangoro Region [Prov. Toamasina]: Anosibe an’Ala, Tratramarina, Ambonihiboka, forêt Ambatofotsy, 19°32’23”S, 48°18’43”E, 1193 m, 8.X.2010, fr., Razakamalala et al. 5718 (MO, P, TAN); Moramanga, Ambohibary, Ampahitra, forêt de Ranomena, 19°11’50”S, 48°09’36”E, 1011 m, 08.IX.2012, fl., Razakamalala & Randrianaivo 7152 (MO, P [P00820812], TAN). — Analamanga Region [Prov. Antananarivo]: Ambohitantely, ad occidentem Tananarive, NNE civitatis Ankazobe, [18°09’30”S, 47°18’00”E], 1500-1550 m, 29.X.1967, Bernardi 11108 (G). — Anosy Region [Prov. Toliara]: Massif du Kalambatritra (centre-sud), Mont Analatsitendrika, [23°22’30”S, 46°29’30”E], 1650-1850 m, XI.1933, Humbert 11921 (P [P02397481, P02397482]). — Atsimo-Antsinanana Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Befotaka, Parc National Befotaka-Midongy, 23°50’28”S, 46°57’17”E, 1308 m, 15.IX.2005, fl., Rakotovao et al. 2080 (MO, P [P02473417], TAN). — Diana Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Special Reserve of Manongarivo, SE of Beraty, trail to summit of Antsatrotro, 14°05’S, 48°22’E, 1600-1700 m, 25-29.IX.1991, fl. Malcomber et al. 878 (G, MO, P [P02818086], TAN). — Sava Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Réserve du Marojejy, Camp 3, [14°27’S, 49°42’E], 1250 m, 28.X.1967, fl., Jacquemin H615J (P [P03288991]). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 7.5-11.5 × 3.8-6.5 cm, oblanceolate to broadly elliptic, base attenuate to obtuse (sometimes remarkably oblique), apex acute to obtuse (usually mucronate), margins entire (rarely shallowly dentate), pilose to glabrous on adaxial surface, pilose to tomentose-hirsute on abaxial surface, venation pinnate (conspicuous on both surfaces), rather coriaceous; petioles up to 4 cm long. Synflorescences axillary and terminal, narrowly thirsoid-paniculiform. Capitula subsessile (rarely short-pedunculate with peduncles usually up to 2 mm); involucres campanulate, glabrous to slightly arachnoid; involucral bracts 8(-9), 4.4-5.3 × 1-2.4 mm; supplementary bracts 4-6, 1.8-2.4 mm long. Florets c. 20, 3.9-5.7 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, whitish?; anther bases long-caudate, as long as to longer than filament collar (almost twice longer); style branches obtuse with a crown of sweeping trichomes. Achenes c. 3 × 0.7 mm (immature), rather cylindrical, glabrous, straw-coloured; pappus 4.5-5.2 mm long, whitish. NOTES This species can be differentiated by its large capitula with c. 8 involucral bracts 4.4-5.3 mm long and the pilose abaxial leaf surfaces. Other species with 8(-9) involucral bracts are Humbertacalia abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. and H. racemosa, both displaying shorter involucral bracts, 1.8-2 and 3.6-4 mm long, respectively. The indumentum resembles that of H. coursii but it is less dense and the trichomes somewhat shorter. It is a variable species mainly concerning the indumentum of the adaxial leaf surfaces and involucres; the original material of H. madagascarensis has sparsely pilose adaxial leaf surfaces and somewhat arachnoid involucres, whereas the type of Senecio leucopappus var. austro-orientalis has almost glabrous adaxial leaf surfaces and involucres. Otherwise, all the characters of the latter taxon match the diagnostic characters of H. madagascarensis, and for that reason it is placed in the synonymy. The capitula of this species are subsessile or shortpedunculate but we studied a collection with a few capitula displaying c. 5 mm long peduncles (Jacquemin H615J, P). As most capitula are subsessile or short-pedunculate, this is also treated as part of the variability of H. madagascarensis. The collection Razakamalala & Randrianaivo 7152 shows a denser indumentum very similar to the typical one of H. coursii, however, the number and length of the involucral bracts are useful for discriminating each other. Lastly, it is interesting to note that the abaxial leaf surfaces were described as violet in Rakotomalaza et al. 850 but pale green in Malcomber et al. 878., Published as part of Rabarimanarivo, Marina N., Callmander, Martin W. & Calvo, Joel, 2023, Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion, pp. 93-113 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (7) on pages 102-103, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7774939, {"references":["PENG Y. - L. & ZHANG L. - B. 2016. - Humbertacalia madagascarensis sp. nov. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 283 (3): 291 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 283.3.5","HUMBERT H. 1959. - Contributions a l'etude de la flore de Madagascar et des Comores, 7. Notulae Systematicae, Herbier du Museum de Paris 15 (4): 359 - 376. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8067312","HUMBERT H. 1963. - Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 189 e Famille, Composees, Tome III. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris: 623 - 911.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge."]}

5. Humbertacalia diffusa (Baker) J. Calvo, Rabarim. & Callm. , comb. nov., stat. nov. Senecio exsertus var. diffusus Humbert, Notulae Systematicae 15 (4): 371 (Humbert 1959). — Typus: Madagascar. Atsinanana Region [Prov. Toamasina], Lamandra, environs de Foulpointe, N. de Tamatave, [17°41’S, 49°31’E], 12.XI.1881, fl., Humblot 81 (lecto-, designated here, P [P00727182]!; isolecto-, P [P00727183]!). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet diffusa probably refers to the lax synflorescences that this species displays. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Unknown. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov. occurs in humid bioclimate, in lowland moist evergreen forest of northeastern Madagascar (Atsinanana and Sava Regions), at low elevations c. up to 100 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov. has an area of occupancy (AOO) of 8 km 2 and two locations with respect to the most serious plausible threat of shifting agriculture. Its known distribution does not include any of the protected areas and we infer continuing decline in its AOO, habitat quality, number of subpopulations and number of the mature individuals as well. Therefore, H. diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov. is assessed as “Endangered” [EN B 2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Sava Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Antanandavahely, S / P d’Antalaha, [15°17’S, 50°20’E], 16.VII.1966, fl. & m. fr., Jacquemin 64- J (P [P 04428413]); ibid. loco, m. fr., Rakotozafy 515 (TAN). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 5.4-6.1 × 2-2.6 cm, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, base cuneate to attenuate (sometimes oblique), apex acute, margins entire or remotely mucronatedenticulate to shallowly and distantly sinuate, glabrescent (initially arachnoid) on both surfaces, venation pinnate (usually conspicuous on both surfaces), rather chartaceous; petioles up to 1.5 cm long. Synflorescences axillary and terminal, thyrsoid-paniculiform. Capitula long-pedunculate (peduncles 6-15 mm); involucres campanulate, arachnoid-floccose (at least at base); involucral bracts 12-13, 2.9-3 × 0.7-1 mm; supplementary bracts 4-6, 0.7-1.5 mm long. Florets 10-20, 3-4 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, whitish; anther bases caudate, as long as or slightly longer than filament collar; style branches truncate to obtuse with a crown of sweeping trichomes. Achenes 1.5-2 × c. 0.5 mm, rather cylindrical, 8-10-ribbed, glabrous, straw-coloured to brownish; pappus 3-4 mm long, whitish. NOTES This taxon was originally described as a variety of Senecio exsertus (Humbert 1959), the latter being a replacement name for Cacalia racemosa (synonym of Humbertacalia racemosa) under Senecio, but later placed in synonymy under S. volutus (Humbert 1963), which is here referred to as a synonym of Humbertacalia apocynifolia comb. nov. The indumentum of the synflorescence branches and leaves, as well as the number and length of the involucral bracts, matches well the overall characters of H. apocynifolia comb. nov. but it remarkably differs in the synflorescence architecture (capitula long-pedunculate not arranged in glomerules in H. diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov. vs capitula sessile to subsessile arranged in glomerules in H. apocynifolia comb. nov.). Since the synflorescence architecture appears to be a useful discriminating character in this plant group, we consider it appropriate to treat this taxon at the specific rank. Because of the pedunculate capitula, this species might also be confused with H. racemosa, but this latter species has 2-5 mm long peduncles (vs 6-15 mm long in H. diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov.), 8(-9) involucral bracts, 3.6-4 mm long (vs 12-13 involucral bracts, 2.9-3 mm long in H. diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov.) and glabrous leaves and synflorescence branches (vs initially arachnoid leaves and floccose synflorescence branches in H. diffusa comb. nov., stat. nov.).

Genus Humbertacalia C. Jeffrey Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 82 (Jeffrey 1992). TYPE SPECIES. — Humbertacalia tomentosa (Lam.) C. Jeffrey (basionym: Eupatorium tomentosum Lam.). ETYMOLOGY. — The name Humbertacalia honors the French botanist Henri Humbert (1887-1967), who was devoted to the study of the flora of Madagascar and became the foremost specialist in Malagasy Compositae. The epithet is derived in the same way as some of the other genera of the “ Cacalia ” group (e.g. Monticalia C. Jeffrey, Paracalia Cuatrec., Pentacalia Cass.). DESCRIPTION Plants scandent, woody, with long stems that usually climb or lean over other plants, generally (1)2-4(10) m long, glabrescent or covered with different types of indumentum composed of multicellular trichomes. Stems cylindrical, usually striate, lenticellate or not. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate (rarely sessile); leaf laminas 3.5-12 × 2-8 cm, oblong, lanceolate, or broadly ovate, base attenuate to cordate (sometimes somewhat truncate), apex rounded to acuminate, margins entire to dentate (usually remotely mucronate-denticulate), plane, glabrous to slightly arachnoid on the adaxial surface, glabrescent to densely lanate on the abaxial surface, venation pinnate or palmate, conspicuous or not, chartaceous to coriaceous, sometimes slightly fleshy; petioles up to 4 cm long. Synflorescences axillary or terminal, thyrsoid-paniculiform or corymbiform. Capitula homogamous, discoid, sessile to pedunculate (peduncles up to 8 mm); involucres cylindrical, cupuliform, or campanulate, glabrous or covered by indumentum; receptacles flat, usually fimbrillate; involucral bracts (3-)5-10(-13), 1.8-5.3 × 0.6-2.4 mm long; supplementary bracts (calycle) (1-)4-8, 0.3-2.4 mm long. Florets (3-)5-20, hermaphrodite; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, mostly whitish; filament collars barely swollen at base; anther bases sagittate to caudate, anther appendages 2-3-times longer than wide; style branches truncate to obtuse with a crown of sweeping trichomes or penicillate, stigmatic areas usually in two bands. Achenes 1.3-3 × 0.4-0.8 mm, rather cylindrical, 5-10-ribbed, glabrous or pubescent, brownish; pappus usually 1-seriate, of capillary bristles, barbellate, whitish. 1. Humbertacalia abbreviata (Humbert) Rabarim., Callm. & J. Calvo , comb. nov., stat. nov. (Fig. 1) Senecio exsertus var. abbreviatus Humbert, Notulae Systematicae 15(4): 370 (Humbert 1959). NOTES — Typus: Madagascar. Ihorombe Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa], Ifandana, [22°49’S, 47°07’E], 6.IX.1926, fl., Decary 5226 (lecto-, designated here, P [P00835897]!; isolecto-, P [P04391738]!; US [US01832483 image]!) (Fig. 1). Pelser et al. (2007) presumed the affiliation of Humbertacalia to subtribe Senecioninae on the basis of its morphology, distribution, and karyology. Although some exceptions exist, the subtribe Senecioninae includes genera characterized by having a balustriform filament collar and stigmatic areas in two bands (Nordenstam et al. 2009). The Humbertacalia species has usually stigmatic areas in two bands but the filament collars are barely swollen at the base, indeed, they are rather cylindrical in some species. There are species of Humbertacalia that are extremely variable in leaf shape and indumentum, which makes that these characters become barely useful for distinguishing certain species. On the other side, the character sessile/pedunculate capitula appears to be useful for species separation, however, few specimens remain unidentified because they show a combination of characters that do not match the accepted species as currently circumscribed. Phylogenetic information of this group may contribute to elucidate the species relationships and it could also involve some adjustments in the present taxonomic treatment. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HUMBERTACALIA C. JEFFREY 1. Leaves palmately 3(-5)-veined; style branches penicillate; achenes pubescent............................................................................................................................................................. 10. H. tomentosa (Lam.) C. Jeffrey — Leaves pinnately veined; style branches with a crown of sweeping trichomes; achenes mostly glabrous........ 2 2. Leaves subsessile, base amplexicaul to semi-amplexicaul.................... 2. H. amplexifolia (Humbert) C. Jeffrey — Leaves petiolate, base attenuate to subcordate.............................................................................................. 3 3. Involucral bracts 5; leaves glabrous, coriaceous............................................................................................ 4 — Involucral bracts 8-13; leaves glabrous or with indumentum, coriaceous or chartaceous.............................. 5 4. Capitula pedunculate, not clustered; peduncles 2-4 mm long........... 7. H. neoalleizettei (Humbert) C. Jeffrey — Capitula sessile or subsessile, usually arranged in glomerules............. 8. H. pyrifolia (Bojer ex DC.) C. Jeffrey 5. Capitula mostly pedunculated, not arranged in glomerules......................................................................... 6 — Capitula sessile or subsessile, usually arranged in glomerules....................................................................... 8 6. Involucral bracts 12-13, arachnoid-floccose (at least at base); leaves initially arachnoid; peduncles 6-15 mm long............................................................ 5. H. diffusa J. Calvo, Rabarim. & Callm., comb. nov., stat. nov. — Involucral bracts 8(-9), glabrous; leaves glabrous; peduncles 1-5 mm long................................................... 7 7. Involucral bracts 1.8-2 mm long; florets c. 10............................................................................................................................................. 1. H. abbreviata (Humbert) Rabarim., Callm. & J. Calvo, comb. nov., stat. nov. — Involucral bracts 3.6-4 mm long; florets c. 20................................... 9. H. racemosa (Bojer ex DC.) C. Jeffrey 8. Involucral bracts 2-3 mm long; leaves glabrous to initially arachnoid on adaxial surface.................................................................................................3. H. apocynifolia (Baker) Rabarim., Callm. & J. Calvo, comb. nov. — Involucral bracts 3.7-5.3 mm long; leaves pilose to tomentose-hirsute (rarely glabrous) on adaxial surface.......... 9 9. Involucral bracts (11-)13, 3.7-4.5 mm long.............................................. 4. H. coursii (Humbert) C. Jeffrey — Involucral bracts 8(-9), 4.4-5.3 mm long.......................... 6. H. madagascarensis Y.L. Peng & Li Bing Zhang ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet abbreviata probably refers to the small involucres of this species. VERNACULAR NAMES. — “Vahimary” (Decary 5226). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia abbreviata comb.nov., stat. nov. is endemic to the humid and subhumid bioclimatic areas (Cornet 1974) in southeastern Madagascar within the Anosy, Ihorombe and Atsimo-Atsinanana administrative regions. This species grows in lowland and medium altitude moist evergreen forests (sensu Gautier et al. 2018a) on laterite of gneiss, mostly in clearing or forest margins, at elevations of c. 500- 900 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 3365 km 2, an area of occupancy (AOO) of 16 km 2 and four locations. Even though the species occurs in the protected areas of Ivohibe, Befotaka – Midongy du Sud and Andohahela, at these sites it is nevertheless threatened by ongoing degradation or destruction of its habitat due to shifting agriculture, annual fire, logging and wood harvesting (Goodman et al. 2018); all of which will result in continuing decline in its EOO, AOO, habitat quality, number of subpopulations and number of mature individuals. Therefore, H. abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. is assessed as “Endangered” [EN B 1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Anosy Region [Prov.Toliara]: Bassin de la Manampanihy (sud-est), Col de Fitana, [24°44’S, 46°51’E], 300-700 m, 15.X.1928, fl., Humbert 6038 (G, P [P02397476, P02397477], TAN, US [US01832484]). — Atsimo-Atsinanana Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Midongy du Sud, forêt d’Anamangy, 23°31’16”S, 47°05’19”E, 640 m, 13.IX.2005, fl., Andrianjafy et al. 1184 (MO, P [P00860315], TAN). — Ihorombe Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Ivohibe, Ambatovita, 4.5 km NE d’Ivohibe, 22°28’08”S, 46°55’34”E, 874 m, 28.XI.2010, fl., SNGF 2649 (K, MO, P, SNGF, TAN, TEF). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 6-8 × 2.9-4 cm, lanceolate to ovate, base obtuse to rounded, apex attenuate to acuminate, margins entire, glabrous on both surfaces, venation pinnate (conspicuous on both surfaces, including tertiary veins), rather coriaceous; petioles up to 1.8 cm long. Synflorescences mostly axillary, narrowly thyrsoid-paniculiform. Capitula shortly pedunculate (peduncles 1-2.5 mm long); involucres cupuliform, glabrous; involucral bracts 8, 1.8-2 × c. 1 mm; supplementary bracts 4-5, 0.3-0.4 mm long. Florets c. 10, 3.8-4 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, whitish; anther bases caudate, as long as or slightly longer than filament collar; style branches obtuse with a crown of sweeping trichomes. Achenes c. 2.8 × 0.6 mm, rather cylindrical, c. 9-ribbed, glabrous except for few trichomes on the upper part, straw-coloured; pappus c. 3.7 mm long, whitish. NOTES Humbertacalia abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. is well-characterized by the glabrous leaves with conspicuous venation on both surfaces, the shortly pedunculate capitula, and the small involucres with the involucral bracts somewhat fused at the base. It is similar to H. racemosa (Bojer ex DC.) C. Jeffrey, from which it differs in involucre shape (strictly cupuliform, with the bracts somewhat fused at the base in H. abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. vs rather campanulate, with the bracts partite along their whole length or almost so in H. racemosa), involucral bract length (1.8-2 mm long in H. abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. vs 3.6-4 in H. racemosa), and peduncle length (1-2.5 mm long in H. abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. vs 2-5 in H. racemosa), and floret number (c. 10 in H. abbreviata comb. nov., stat. nov. vs c. 20 in H. racemosa). It is interesting to note that the collections Decary 5222 and 5226, which come from the same locality and were collected on the same day, were both treated as belonging to Senecio exsertus var. abbreviatus (Humbert 1963). However, Decary 5222 clearly corresponds to Humbertacalia racemosa. Humbert (1959), when describing the new variety, designated the collection Decary 5226 at P as the holotype of the name. As two specimens corresponding to this collection are kept at P and there is no explicit indication suggesting that Humbert selected one of the two duplicates to serve as holotype, the name S. exsertus var. abbreviatus is lectotypified on the best preserved specimen P 00835897 (Fig. 1)., Published as part of Rabarimanarivo, Marina N., Callmander, Martin W. & Calvo, Joel, 2023, Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion, pp. 93-113 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (7) on pages 94-96, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7774939, {"references":["JEFFREY C. 1992. - The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae: VI. Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 49 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110768","HUMBERT H. 1959. - Contributions a l'etude de la flore de Madagascar et des Comores, 7. Notulae Systematicae, Herbier du Museum de Paris 15 (4): 359 - 376. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8067312","PELSER P. B., NORDENSTAM B., KADEREIT J. W. & WATSON L. E. 2007. - An ITS phylogeny of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and a new delimitation of Senecio L. Taxon 56 (4): 1077 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25065905","NORDENSTAM B., PELSER P. B., KADEREIT J. W. & WATSON L. E. 2009. - Senecioneae, in FUNK V. A., SUSANNA A., STUESSY T. F. & BAYER R. J. (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, Vienna: 503 - 525.","CORNET A. 1974. - Essai de cartographie bioclimatique a Madagascar. Notice explicative 55. ORSTOM, Paris.","GAUTIER L., TAHINARIVONY J. A., RANIRISON P. & WOHLHAUSER S. 2018 a. - Vegetation, in GOODMAN S. M. et al. (eds), The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description, and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo: 207 - 242.","GOODMAN S. M., RAHERILALAO M. J. & WOHLHAUSER S. 2018. - Site 51. Befotaka-Midongy du Sud, in GOODMAN S. M. et al. (eds), The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description, and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo: 1092 - 1106.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.","HUMBERT H. 1963. - Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 189 e Famille, Composees, Tome III. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris: 623 - 911."]}

8. Humbertacalia pyrifolia (Bojer ex DC.) C. Jeffrey (Fig. 4) Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 83 (Jeffrey 1992). Mikania pyrifolia Bojer ex DC., Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 5: 195 (Candolle 1836). — Typus: Madagascar. Province de Betsilou, s.d., fl., Bojer s.n. (holo-, G-DC [G00323809]!) (Fig. 4). Senecio curvatus Baker, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 20: 190 (Baker 1883). — Typus: Madagascar. Central Madagascar, X.1881, fl., Baron s.n. (holo-, K [K000377693]!). Vernonia asclepiadea Drake, Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 46: 238 (Drake 1899). — Typus: Madagascar. Analamanga Region [Prov. Antananarivo], Ost Imerina, Andrangoloaka, [19°02’S, 47°55’E], XI.1880, fl. & fr., Hildebrandt 3626 (lecto-, designated here, P [P00727176 excl. branch on the left]!; isolecto-, G [G00412688, G00412689]!, P [P00727177]!). ICONOGRAPHY. — Humbert (1963: 761, fig. 139, 3-4, sub Senecio curvatus). ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet pyrifolia refers to the leaves similar to those of Pyrus L. (Rosaceae). VERNACULAR NAMES. — “Anadraisoa” (Benoist 1269); “Hanidraisoa” (Alleizette 809M); “Kimboimboy lahy” (Kotozafy 311); “Rangasoalahy” (Réserves Naturelles 6337). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Humbertacalia pyrifolia is endemic to Madagascar where it is widespread from Tsaratanana and Marojejy (Diana and Sava Regions) in the north to Andohahela (Anosy Region) in the south. It occurs in humid, subhumid and montane bioclimates, in sclerophyllous woodland, remnant medium altitude moist evergreen forest or montane ericoid thicket at high elevation, especially on gneiss and granite substrate (inselberg rock face) or laterite of gneiss, at elevations from 1000 to over 2500 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Humbertacalia pyrifolia has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 90 776 km 2, an area of occupancy (AOO) of 76 km 2, and 15 locations with respect to the most plausible threat of fire. It occurs within the protected areas of Andohahela, Andringitra, Ankaratra-Manjakatompo, Corridor forestier Ambositra-Vondrozo, Ivohibe, Marojejy, Ranomafana, Tsaratanana. Being widespread and occurring in many protected areas, H. pyrifolia is assessed as “Least Concern” [LC] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Analamanga Region [Prov. Antananarivo]: Manjakandriana, [18°55’S, 47°49’E], IV.1906, fl. & im. fr., Alleizette 809 M (P [P02397487]); Angavokely, [18°55’S, 47°46’E], X.1960, fl., Bosser 14535 (MO, TAN); gorges de la Mandraka, [18°54’S, 47°55’E], 1000-1400 m, 16.VIII.1924, m. fr., Humbert & Perrier de la Bâthie 2297 (P [P02397502]); Angavokely, [18°50’S, 47°42’E], 20.X.1960, 1700 m, fl. & im. fr., Leandri 3239 (P [P02397507]). — Anosy Region [Prov. Toliara]: Massif de l’Andohahelo, [24°42’S, 46°44’E], 1200-1800 m, 18-26.X.1928, fl., Humbert 6100 (P [P02397499]). — Amoron’i Mania Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Ambositra, [20°31’S, 47°15’E], 16.XI.1938, fl., Decary 13562 (P [P02397491]); Ambohimitombo forest, [20°42’30”S, 47°25’30”E], 1350-1440 m, 26.XII.1894, Forsyth-Major 353 (P [P02397490]). — Atsimo-Atsinanana Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Haute vallée de la Rienana (bassin du Matitanana), [22°14’30”S, 47°07’30”E], 1000-1400 m, 18.XI.1924, fl., Humbert 3469 (G, P [P02397500]). — Diana Region [Prov. Antsiranana]: Massif du Tsaratanana (Réserve naturelle n° 4), [14°02’S, 48°58’E], 2600 m, XI-XII.1937, fl. & m. fr., Humbert 18394 (P [P02397498]); ibid. loco, 2300-2875 m, XI-XII.1937, fl., Humbert 18468 (P [P02397496]); ibid. loco, 14°08’47”S, 48°58’22”E, 2450 m, 16.X.2001, bud & fl., Lowry et al. 5375 (G, K [K000662061], MO, P [P02397505], TAN); ibid. loco, 16.VII.1954, bud, Réserves Naturelles 6337 (G, MO, P [P04130326], TAN). — Haute Matsiatra Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Parc national de Ranomafana, parcelle 1 à l’est de Vohiparara, au nord de la Route nationale 25, 21°14’S, 47°23’E, 1100-1200 m, 8-18.X.1993, fl., Kotozafy 311 (MO, P [P00558048], TAN, US [US01832485]). — Ihorombe Region [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Pic d’Ivohibe, [22°31’S, 46°57’E], 1500-2000 m, 05.XI.1924, fl., Humbert 3275 (P [P02397501], TAN); Sendrisoa, Ambalavao, [22°13’30”S, 46°55’00”E], 9.X.1951, fl. & im. fr., Réserves Naturelles 3484 (P [P02397504, P02397506], TAN). — Vakinankaratra Region [Prov. Antananarivo]: Manjakatompo, [19°22’S, 47°18’E], 25.X.1951, fl., Benoist 1269 (P [P02397485], TAN); ibid. loco, 28.X.1951, Benoist 1278 (P [P02397483]); ibid. loco, 23.X.1951, fl. & m. fr., Benoist 1293 (P [P02397494]); ibid. loco, IX.1959, fl., Bosser 13324 (TAN); ibid. loco, IX.1962, bud & fl., Bosser 16566 (P [P02397493, P02397495], TAN); ibid. loco, 19°22’S, 47°16’E, 1550-2602 m, 20.IX.1993, fl., Lewis & Razafimandimbison 603 (K, MO [MO-5815954], P [P00558037], TAN [TAN000980], US [US01832494]); Tsiafajavona, [19°21’S, 47°14’E], 2000 m, X.1921, fl. Perrier de la Bâthie 13935 (P [P02397503], TAN, US [US01832486]). — Sine loco: Baron 4967 (P [P02397484]); Campenon s.n. (P [P02397492]). DESCRIPTION Leaves petiolate; leaf laminas 3.5-8 × 2.5-4 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, apex acute to acuminate, margins subentire, remotely mucronate-denticulate or dentate, glabrous on both surfaces, venation pinnate (conspicuous on both surfaces, including tertiary veins), rather coriaceous; petioles up to 0.8 cm long. Synflorescences axillary and terminal, thyrsoid-paniculiform. Capitula sessile or subsessile; involucres rather cylindrical, glabrous except for some arachnoid trichomes near base; involucral bracts (3-)5, 2.1-3 × 0.7-1.1 mm; supplementary bracts 3-4, 0.7-1.6 mm long, ovate. Florets (3-)5, 2.8-3.9 mm long; corollas tubular, 5-lobed, whitish; anther bases caudate, a third as long as filament collar; style branches truncate with a crown of sweeping trichomes. Achenes c. 2 × 0.4 mm, rather cylindrical, c. 5-ribbed, glabrous, straw-coloured; pappus 2.6-3.9 mm long, whitish. NOTES This species is morphologically close to Humbertacalia neoalleizettei and H. amplexifolia, with which it shares the glabrous, rather coriaceous leaves and the involucres composed of five involucral bracts. From H. amplexifolia, it differs in having pedunculate leaves with obtuse to rounded or subcordate bases (vs subsessile leaves with amplexicaul to semi-amplexicaul bases in H. amplexifolia). The differences against H. neoalleizettei are explained above under this latter species. The lectotype and the isolectotype at P of Vernonia asclepiadea contain mixed material of Humbertacalia pyrifolia and Conyza cf. bakeri Humbert. The duplicates at G, however, are only composed of Humbertacalia pyrifolia. In the protologue of Vernonia asclepiadea, Drake del Castillo (1899) remarked “Capitules […] à dix ou quinze fleurs” [Capitula … with 10 or 15 florets], which notably differs from the capitula of Humbertacalia pyrifolia composed of c. five florets; such mismatch might be explained by a confusion of the author because of the mixed material., Published as part of Rabarimanarivo, Marina N., Callmander, Martin W. & Calvo, Joel, 2023, Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion, pp. 93-113 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (7) on pages 104-106, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a7, http://zenodo.org/record/7774939, {"references":["JEFFREY C. 1992. - The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae: VI. Kew Bulletin 47 (1): 49 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110768","CANDOLLE A. - P. DE 1836. - Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 5. Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Wurtz, Paris, 706 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","BAKER J. G. 1883. - Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar. Part II. Monopetalae. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 20: 159 - 236. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 236731","DRAKE DEL CASTILLO M. E. 1899. - Les Vernonia de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe botanique de France 46: 225 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1899.10831732","HUMBERT H. 1963. - Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 189 e Famille, Composees, Tome III. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris: 623 - 911.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland and Cambridge."]}

Klein, David-Paul, Shtein, Ronen, Janssen, Thomas, Callmander, Martin W. (2022): Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar VI: Kalanchoe apiifolia (Crassulaceae), a particular new species. Candollea 77 (2): 193-198, DOI: 10.15553/c2022v772a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2022v772a6

Perrierophytum thouarsianum (Baill.) M.M. Hanes & Callm. & comb. nov. Kosteletzkya thouarsiana Baill. in Bull. Mens. Sfc. Linn. Paris 1: 541. 1883. Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR: sine lfcf& s.d.& fl.& Du Petit-Thouars s.n. (P [P00037076]!). Kosteletzkya humbertiana Hfchr. in Mém. Sfc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.& Hfrs Sér. 2: 157. 1949. Kosteletzkya thouarsiana var. humbertiana (Hfchr.) Hfchr. in Humbert&?l. Madagascar Cfmfres 129: 104. 1955 & syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR. A e g. A n o s y [Pro v. To l i a r a]: A n d r a h f m a n a & 21.IX.1932 & fl. & fr.& Decary 10659 (P [P00037077]!; isflectf-: G [G00014372]!& K [K000580217] image!& MO-6089630!& P [P00037078 & P00389394]!). Conservation status. – Perrierophytum thouarsianum is knfwn frfm fnly a few cfllectifns in sfuth-east Madagascar. Nf cfllectifns are knfwn tf have been made since 1931& and GPS cffrdinates have been estimated frfm the descriptifns fn the specimens. OEith these estimates& it is unlikely that cfllectifns have been made inside any current prftected area. The species has an estimated EOO ff 83 km ² and an AOO ff 16 km ². Given the limited EOO& the knfwn habitat degradatifn in this regifn in the last 100 years& and the time since the last cfllectifn& P. thouarsianum can be assessed as “Critically Endangered” [CR B1ab(iii)]. Notes – Kosteletzkya thouarsiana was placed in sect. Azanzoides by HOCHREUTINER (1955). Nevertheless& he wrfte: “espèce ± intermédiaire entre les deux sectifns du genre& par sfn pfrt presque herbacé et sfn fvaire déprimé ainsi que sa capsule [species ± intermediate between the twf sectifns ff the genus& by its almfst herbacefus habit and its depressed fvary as well as its capsule].” (HOCHREUTINER& 1955: 103). These characters nevertheless place this species in sect. Eukosteletzkya and K. thouarsiana is thereffre nfw transferred tf Perrierophytum. Perrierophytum thouarsianum is distinctive in having its epicalyx and calyx similar in size and ffrm (bfth fused at base& and with triangular lfbes). Leaves range frfm almfst triangular tf distinctly trilfbed. Hfchreutiner described Kosteletzkya humbertiana in 1949 but reduced it tf a variety ff K. thouarsiana in his Malvaceae flfra treatment in 1955. OEe df nft maintain this variety here as we df nft see any cfnvincing mfrphflfgical character tf distinguish it as distinct frfm the typical variety. BAILLON (1883: 342) cited the type ff Kosteletzkya thouarsiana in “hb. Juss” but nf specimen has been lfcated in P-JU. The specimen depfsited in P with Baillfn’s handwriting is thereffre designated here as the lectftype. HOCHREUTINER (1949: 158) cited the type ff K. humbertiana as “Hb. Mus. Paris et G”. The best-preserved material ff Decary 10659 is at P [P00037077] and designated here as the lectftype. Additional specimens examined. – MADAGASCAR. Aeg. Androy [Prov. Toliara]: Ampasimpflaka & 6.X.1924 & fl.& Decary 2832 (G & P [P00574034]); ibid. lfcf& 5.IX.1924 & fl.& Decary 3127 (P [P00574035]); Ambfvfmbe & 24.II.1931 & fl.& Decary 8557 (P [P00574036]); env. d’Ambfndrf & à l’O d’Ambfvfmbe & 7.VIII.1931 & fl.& Decary 9119 (P [P00553051]); Ampasimpflaka à l’E d’Ambfvfmbe & 29. VI.1931 & fr.& Decary 9047 (MO-1492389& MO-5594153& P [P00574037]). Aeg. Anosy [Prov. Toliara]: Lac Anfny & X.1956 & Bosser 10439 (MO-3332245);?frt-Dauphin& s.d.& fl.& Cloisel 4 (P [P00574033]); ibid. lfcf& 16. VI.1926 & fl.& Decary 4111 (G & P [P00553052]). Distribution and ecology. – Knfwn fnly frfm the extreme sfuth-east ff Madagascar fn fixed dunes& frfm?frt Dauphin tf the west ff Ambfvfmbe (?ig. 3)., Published as part of Hanes, Margaret M., Mashburn, Brock & Callmander, Martin W., 2022, Transfer of the endemic Malagasy species of Kosteletzkya to Hibiscus and Perrierophytum (Malvaceae), pp. 161-171 in Candollea 77 (2) on page 169, DOI: 10.15553/c2022v772a4, http://zenodo.org/record/7616567, {"references":["HOCHREUTINER & B. P. G. (1955). Malvacees. In: HUMBERT & H. (ed.) & Fl. Madagascar Comores 129.","HOCHREUTINER & B. P. G. (1949). Malvacees malgaches nfuvelle fu peu cfnnues. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. & Hors Ser. 2: 157 - 158."]}