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CABÁS, Выпуск 25 2021, Pages 1-2

Historicamente, insetos fazem parte da alimentação humana, prática também registrada no Brasil, especialmente em comunidades indígenas e tradicionais. Essa entomofagia inclui as vespas sociais, também conhecidas no Brasil como cabas ou marimbondos (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), e com ampla distribuição de espécies em todo o país. Partindo de uma revisão da literatura, o presente estudo lista as espécies de vespídeos sociais usadas como fonte de alimentação no Brasil. Realizou-se consulta bibliográfica utilizando diferentes plataformas de busca, entre agosto de 2019 a junho de 2020. No Brasil há registro de seis espécies de vespas sociais consumidas por comunidades indígenas, sobretudo na região amazônica, e há ocorrência de outras 34 que são consumidas em outros países. O consumo desses animais na alimentação humana pode ser viável, sendo necessários estudos para criação e uso sustentável desse recurso natural.

Facultad de Biología. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería Ambiental The need to minimize the environmental impact caused by discharges of untreated wastewater to natural water bodies and to reduce operating costs and to improve the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) performances has led to develop new tools and methods that improve the design of WWTP. The activated sludge process is the most used in our country because of its capacity to remove organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003). Nowadays, in Mexico, this wastewater treatment process is designed by the method proposed by Metcalf and Eddy, which is sometimes even a requirement for the development of such kind of projects. However, recently there have been some emerging design methods (van Haandel and van der Lubbe, 2007) which can be considered as an alternative that would reduce investment, operation and maintenance costs of wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this work is to analyze two design methods of the activated sludge process for WWTP based on a simulation process tool. To perform this analysis a WWTP was designed by two methods: (i) by a traditional method (Metcalf) widely used in Mexico and the world, and (ii) by an emerging method (Haandel); subsequently modeling and simulation of both designs were conducted using the GPS-X ® software created by Hydromantis using the ASM1 model. The results show that the method of van Haandel achieves higher removal efficiencies and provides a better response under the different operating conditions tested. La necesidad de minimizar el impacto ambiental causado por las descargas de aguas residuales sin tratamiento a los cuerpos de agua naturales, así como de reducir costos de operación y hacer más eficiente la operación de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ha llevado al desarrollo de herramientas y métodos de diseño que permiten mejorar este estas obras de la Ingeniería Ambiental. El proceso de lodos activados es el más utilizado en nuestro país dada su capacidad de remoción de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo (Metcalf y Eddy, 2003). En México, actualmente, este proceso de tratamiento es diseñado por el método propuesto por Metcalf y Eddy, el cual en algunas ocasiones incluso es un requerimiento en las licitaciones públicas para la elaboración de este tipo de proyectos. Sin embargo, recientemente han surgido nuevos métodos de diseño (van Haandel y van der Libe, 2007) los cuales pueden ser considerados como una alternativa que permitiría reducir costos de inversión, operación y mantenimiento de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar dos métodos de diseño del proceso de lodos activados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, con la ayuda de una herramienta de simulación. Para realizar este análisis primeramente se diseño una PTAR con dos métodos: (i) un método tradicional y ampliamente empleado en México y el mundo, el de Metcalf y (ii) un método nuevo, el planteado por Haandel; posteriormente se realizó la modelación y simulación de ambos diseños utilizando el software GPS-X® creado por Hydromantis, usando el modelo ASM1. Los resultados muestran que el método de van Haandel alcanza mayores eficiencias de remoción y presenta una mejor respuesta ante los diferentes escenarios de operación analizados.

A systematic replication of Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling (CABAS®) was conducted in Italy for 5 emergent-listener pre-speaker students with autism. Data were collected across five months, from 12 to 25 hours per week, including all the system components of the U.S. application package. Selinske, Greer & Lodhi (1991) and Lamm & Greer (1991) outcomes were replicated, even during the 12-hour per week package, suggesting even higher efficiency. The experimental replication was then stopped, due to the mandatory enrollment of the Participants in public schools with full inclusion model of education. CABAS®-based programs outcomes applied in a CABAS® environment were so compared with implementation of the same curricula in a regular school environment. Data showed students’ improvement in both conditions, with evidence of higher initial improvement in the CABAS® condition. The third experiment measured CABAS® performance as a training environment for teachers with no previous teaching experience, and compared it with regular elementary school and a learning centre. Data suggested that teachers who received 200 hours of CABAS® training met criteria for the higher amount of teaching expertise and good practice indicators identified in this study. So, future CABAS® applications could promote both students and teachers improvement and represent a significant advancement for the dissemination of science-based educational principles and practices in the country of “teaching as an art”.

In this study, we report the expression level of CaSQS, CabAS and CaCYS, the genes involved in phytosterol and triterpene metabolic pathway of centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban), in cells elicited with salicylic acid (50-200 µM). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis indicated CaSQS, CabAS, and CaCYS genes expressed in both the wild-type and cultured cells (with and without elicitation). In elicited cells, expressions of CaSQS, CabAS, and CaCYS genes showed strong dependence on salicylic acid concentration and elicitation day. The highest expression of CabAS gene was found in the cells elicited with 100 µM salicylic acid on day 10 of inoculation. Salicylic acid treatment (50-200 µM) decreased expression level of CaCYS and CaSQS genes in elicited cells compared with the control.