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The integration of the Crop Growth Model (CGM), Radiative Transfer Model (RTM), and Machine Learning Algorithm (MLA) for estimating crop traits represents a cutting-edge area of research. This integration requires in-depth study to address RTM limitations, particularly of similar spectral responses from multiple input combinations. This study proposes the integration of CGM and RTM for crop trait retrieval and evaluates the performance of CGM output-based RTM spectra generation for multiple crop traits estimation without biased sampling using machine learning models. Moreover, PROSAIL spectra as training against Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) as testing was also compared with HLS data only as an alternative. It was found that satellite data (HLS, 80:20) not only consistently performed better, but PROSAIL (train) and HLS (test) also had satisfactory results for multiple crop traits from uniform training samples in spite of differences in simulated and real data. PROSAIL-HLS has an RMSE of 0.67 for leaf area index (LAI), 5.66 µg/cm2 for chlorophyll ab (Cab), 0.0003 g/cm2 for dry matter content (Cm), and 0.002 g/cm2 for leaf water content (Cw) against the HLS only, with an RMSE of 0.40 for LAI, 3.28 µg/cm2 for Cab, 0.0002 g/cm2 for Cm, and 0.001 g/cm2 for Cw. Optimized machine learning models, namely Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) for LAI, Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Cab, and Random Forest (RF) for Cm and Cw, were deployed for temporal mapping of traits to be used for wheat productivity enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of nonlinear dampness in the cab of agricultural engineering vehicles is examined by analyzing the vibration reduction system of a specific agricultural loader. Firstly, the specific loader was tested under different conditions. Then, the nonlinear vibration reduction system model of the cab-seat-human body is established by using the measured frame vibration signal as input. Finally, the multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize the root mean square (RMS) value of vertical acceleration of the cab and seat. The test results show that the seat vibration is significantly greater than the acceleration of the cab floor under driving and working conditions, so the seat vibration is amplified and the seat parameter setting is unreasonable; the engine and the working device are also an important part of the cab vibration source, in addition to the uneven road surface. Comparing the RMS values of the vertical acceleration of the cab and seat, which were calculated by the model and obtained from the vehicle test, the error does not exceed 6%, indicating that the model's accuracy meets the requirement. The vehicle experiment proves that the RMS value of the vertical acceleration of the cab and seat is reduced by 16% and 53%, respectively, after optimization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of the damping system for the cab of agricultural engineering vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents a Cluster-Based Cab Recommender System (CBCRS) designed to optimize cab services by suggesting the nearest locations with a higher likelihood of finding passengers. To achieve this, the system employs advanced clustering techniques to cluster historical cab pickup locations, identifying areas with higher passenger possibilities at specific times and days. The research aims to develop an algorithmic framework for CBCRS based on a hybrid clustering technique. The objectives of the study are twofold: first, to identify current clustering techniques used in clustering cab pickup geo-points, and second, to propose a framework for CBCRS based on the most efficient clustering technique. This framework will accept the current location of the cab driver and recommend the next nearest passenger pickup location. Additionally, the study compares and contrasts the proposed system with other clustering techniques using three standard datasets, evaluating them based on intrinsic measures such as the Calinski-Harabasz Index and Silhouette-Score. The paper concludes by evaluating and contrasting the proposed CBCRS framework with different clustering techniques, analyzing the results using statistical parameters. The findings reveal that the proposed CBCRS system generates better recommendations for the cab drivers using CBCRS hybrid clustering technique as compared to K-Means, BIRCH, DBSCAN clustering algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate how social capital (e.g. cognitive and relational) influences students' trust (e.g. cognitive and affective) as mediator variables, affecting students' information sharing activity on Facebook. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of 398 valid participants obtained through an online survey and using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The empirical results indicate that social capital has significant and positive effects on students' trust (e.g. cognitive and affective-based trust), also mediator variables. Furthermore, the mediator variables partially mediate social capital and information sharing based on the concept of cognition-affection-behavior (CAB). Research limitations/implications: This study was limited to Indonesian students. Therefore, future study is needed to analyze across cultures and regions. It can help practitioners, regulators and researchers to observe the dynamic behavior on the impact of social capital on social media users' activities. Practical implications: Education stakeholders (e.g. lecturers and teachers) can identify the students' goal and rational concerns to improve their social capital and trust to share information. The government as a regulator needs to support students' activities on social media to provide updated information regarding economic and social conditions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature on virtual communities. Specifically, it considers how social capital influences trust, which subsequently affects information sharing based on the CAB context among Indonesian student' Facebook users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB) gene family play an important role in plant leaf yellowing variation. In this study, the CAB family members were identified from tea plant 'Tieguanyin' genomic data. The bioinformatics and expression patterns were analyzed. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the CABs gene were analyzed by gene cloning and qRT-PCR in tea cultivars with different leaf colors. The key CAB genes related to tea yellowing were screened by correlation analysis of leaf color parameters and chlorophyll SPAD values. The results show that 25 members of the CAB gene family were identified, their amino acid length ranged from 167-337 and the protein molecular weight ranged from 18.5-37.1 kDa. Most CAB members were stable and hydrophobic proteins, and distributed in chloroplast by the subcellular localization prediction. According to the evolutionary relationship, CAB family members are divided into 13 subfamilies, and the Lhcb1 subfamily has the most members. Cis-acting element analysis of promoter shows that CAB family members have a lot of light-responsive elements, as well as other elements related to growth and development, hormone response, and adversity stress. The members of Lhcb1 subfamily were cloned from tea plants, CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 genes were screened by sequence alignment. The expression analysis shows that CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 genes had tissue expression characteristics with higher expression levels in buds, leaves and fruits, and could respond to various stresses. Finally, the qRT-PCR indicates that the expressions of CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 genes were consistent in the yellow and green leaves. Compared with green leaves, the expression of CAB genes in yellow leaves were significantly down-regulated. The correlation analysis of gene expressions and related leaf color parameters shows that the gene expressions of CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 were significantly correlated with leaf color parameters a, b, L, and chlorophyll SPAD values (P<0.01). Among them, the expression of CAB1 shows the highest correlation coefficient. The subcellular localization analysis shows that CAB1 was distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts. The studies analyzed the basic characteristics of CAB family members in tea plants and the key genes related to tea color variation were identified, which provided a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation mechanism of tea color variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the discreteness of material variables and nonlinearity of material plastic segment, the material-structure matching design efficiency of multiple parts is very low, and it is even difficult to achieve a feasible solution. To solve these problems, a performance-driven lightweight optimization method that combines multi-material selection method and multi-objective optimization is proposed. First, a lightweight multi-material selection method for the cab is proposed, which integrates static stiffness constraint, equivalent crashworthiness, and evaluation method for material selection. Subsequently, the multi-material selection designs for the skeleton beam of cab are carried out. The results show that the material selection scheme achieved a mass reduction of 12.41 kg and material cost reduction of 0.861 yuan. Finally, a multi-objective optimization method incorporating TOPSIS method is used to solve material-structure coupling design. The results show that the mass of cab is reduced by 47.4 kg. The performance of cab are slightly changed, indicating the rationality of the lightweight design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the possibility of improving the vibration isolation of a tractor cab by changing the stiffness of its rubber-metal supports. A spectral analysis of the vibration isolation properties of these supports is presented. The research was conducted on a BELARUS 1221 tractor at idling, at the maximum engine speed, with no load. The cab was mounted on rubber-metal vibration absorbers of serial design with different rubber hardness. Measurements were made with a first class certified Oktava 101VM instrument with registration of RMS acceleration values, expressed in dB, in the frequency range of 8-1000 Hz. The instrument was set in "local vibration" mode. The AR2082M probe was attached to the respective measurement points using adhesive. Mathematical relationships are given to optimize the work on the development of a new and upgraded design of the rubber-metal supports in use. It is shown that varying the stiffness of the rubber-metal supports has different effects in the low and high frequencies of the spectrum. A stiff support is effective in damping low-frequency vibrations but degrades the support's properties in damping high-frequency vibrations, and vice versa. A soft support is more effective at higher frequencies and reduces the effectiveness of the support at lower frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Droughts are a key feature of weather systems over Malawi and southern Africa. Their societal relevance in Malawi underscores the need for improved understanding of drought characteristics and atmospheric processes that drive them. We use the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index with the run theory to identify and characterize droughts in observations (1961–2017) and CMIP5 models across Malawi. We find no major differences in drought duration, severity, and intensity between the northern and southern parts of Malawi. However, circulation patterns associated with droughts in the two regions are different, and typically organized in such a way that droughts in one region coincide with wetter conditions in the other. Anomalous circulation patterns diminishing moisture convergence and convection over the affected region are a typical feature of summer droughts. We show that precipitation variability is principally governed by advected moisture, transported via three main tracks of northwesterly, northeasterly, and southeasterly moisture fluxes. The three tracks interact to form a convergence zone with a peak situated over Malawi. Variability in the respective moisture flux tracks influences the variability in the location and intensity of the convergence zone, and thus the location of the ensuing drought. We note links between variability in the moisture advection tracks and El Nino Southern Oscillations and other modes of variability including the Indian Ocean Dipole and Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole. Both negative and positive biases in drought frequency are apparent in CMIP5 models but the majority overestimate drought duration and severity. The relationship between precipitation and net total moisture flux is consistently simulated. However, we note significant model inconsistencies in the relationship between precipitation and moisture flux from the southeasterly track, which potentially undermines the confidence in model simulation of drought processes over Malawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Smart Rail Transit is the property of Smart Rail Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality and morbidity with acute coronary syndrome as the most common clinical manifestation. In a typical clinical setup, around 30% of the patients presented with "ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)" caused by the complete occlusion of the coronary artery and the remaining 70% with intermittent or partial occlusion of the coronary termed as non-ST elevation The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of non-obstructive coronary arteries among patients presenting with non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) at a tertiary care cardiac center of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Study inclusion criteria were patients of either gender admitted with NSTE-ACS and aged between 30-70 years. A routine coronary angiogram was performed in all the patients and the absence of ≥ 50% stenosis in any major epicardial vessel was taken in non-obstructive coronaries. Results: A total of 174 patients (30-70 years) were included, of which 99 (56.9%) were male and the mean age was 59.43±11.24 years. In the distribution of socioeconomic status, 54 (31.0%) were lower class, middle class 81 (46.6%) while upper-class status were 39 (22.4%). Hypertension was observed in 76 (43.7%), chronic kidney disease in 20 (11.5%), and hyperlipidemia in 55 (31.6%). Non-obstructive coronary arteries were noted in 25 (14.4%) patients. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that non-obstructive coronary arteries are fairly prevalent in patients arriving in hospitals with NSTE-ACS in our population. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and optimal management strategies for patients with NOCA in the setting of NSTEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suggest excess weight gain with integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. The HIV Prevention Trials Network Study 077 evaluated changes in weight and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV-uninfected individuals randomized to cabotegravir or a placebo. No differences between arms were found for change in weight or fasting metabolic parameters overall or for subgroups.

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Community engagement increases community trust of research and improves trial participation. However, there is limited documented appraisal of community engagement practices. Several HIV vaccine efficacy trials have been conducted in South Africa, the country most affected by HIV, predominantly in collaboration with the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN). We explored stakeholder and researcher perspectives of the HVTN community engagement practices used in the Gauteng province of South Africa. In 2017, we conducted a qualitative study. Using semi‐structured interview guides, we facilitated two group discussions with Community Advisory Board (CAB) members (n = 13), and 14 in‐depth interviews with HVTN‐affiliated employees (n = 8 in South Africa and n = 6 in the USA). Group discussions and in‐depth interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and coded using NVIVO 12 Plus software for thematic data analysis. Overall, median age of study participants was 22 (interquartile range 32–54) years, and 74% (n = 20) were female. Three main themes about community engagement emerged: (i) community engagement as an ongoing iterative relationship between researchers and community; (ii) methods of community engagement, encompassing community education by linking with external stakeholders and through awareness campaigns by pamphlet distribution and mass events, working with communities to develop recruitment messages, and working with CAB as a link to communities; and (iii) strategies to improve community engagement, for example, using simple language, linking with religious leaders and traditional healers, and communicating via conventional (newspapers, television, and radio) and social (videos and listicles) media. Our data indicate ways for researchers to improve relationships with community by understanding local needs, strengthening collaborations, and tailoring communication strategies. In this regard, CABs signify critical linkages between researchers and communities. CABs can relay relevant health research needs, advise on the creation of suitable materials, and link researchers more effectively with community leaders and media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vaccination against COVID 19 and observing COVID appropriate behavior are effective measures to control, manage and prevent COVID-19 infection. With India starting its adolescent vaccination program, this study aimed to explore the adolescents’ perception of vaccination, their COVID-appropriate behavior, compliance with two doses of COVID-19 vaccines and the experienced side effects following vaccination. Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted among 440 adolescents visiting the COVID Vaccination Center (CVC) of a tertiary hospital in West Bengal. In the survey, adolescents were asked about family socio-demographic characteristics, their opinions on COVID-19 vaccines, and COVID-19 Appropriate Behavior (CAB) practices. Voluntary participants were given a questionnaire to fill and a telephonic interview was taken regarding side effects experienced following the vaccination and their compliance to both doses of vaccine. Results: The majority of adolescents (99.3%) had taken vaccines by their own wish. The reason for willingness to take the vaccine was the fear of being infected with COVID-19 infection (50.5%). Maximum adolescents got information regarding the COVID vaccination program through the internet (41.8%) followed by family members (30.5%). The majority of adolescents (70.9%) had a good perception of COVID-19 vaccination. A significant number of adolescents (44.8%) strongly disagreed with the statement that they don't need to follow COVID appropriate behavior after vaccination. Conclusion: The majority of adolescents had a good perception regarding COVID-19.

This research examined human interaction in a taxi driving company, analyzing the cultural influence of the management's social definition of its employees. In addition, this case study examined the relevance of "activity theory" through the perspective of the "iceberg model". Based on this model, the researcher explored the overt and practical layers of the organizational culture of the company as well as its hidden layers. The ethnographic research developed along qualitative lines: 28 interviews and 10 direct observations in the organizational setting. The research questions were: 'How did the owners' attitude shape the culture of their taxi company and how did their behavior influence cultural sustainability?' The findings portrayed a culture of conflict, driven by the owners' motivation to become rich quickly. The overt layers of the organizational culture included domineering managerial behavior, exploiting the drivers' inferior status, creating a high level of stress, and openly humiliating them. The drivers were deeply dissatisfied, which led to high rates of turnover. Moreover, analyzing the social interactions in the firm uncovered the hidden agenda of the owners (i.e., the covert layers), which was to amass a fortune in a short time at the expense of their workers. The analysis highlighted the damage this capitalist managerial attitude caused to the organizational sustainability of the company. The managerial behavior caused high driver turnover, which led to a constant shortage of drivers and instability in the company. By focusing on one taxi driving company in northern Israel, this research enriches the literature in the fields of social interaction, activity theory, organizational culture, and sustainability. This paper presents insights that stem from "activity theory", according to which managers can interact with their employees, overcoming mistrust and conflict, in order to enhance organizational sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the issues of modeling the stress-strain state of the attachment points of the cab of a wheeled chassis of high load capacity. The main design loads are determined. Geometric and computational finite element models are constructed, taking into account the features of the metal structure. The technique of gluing elements of the grid model is applied. The contact interaction of the parts is taken into account. Based on the calculations performed, conclusions are drawn about the compliance of the developed structure with the strength requirements.

We describe a protocol for identifying wild versus domestic bovid horns using multidisciplinary approaches for implementing applicable wildlife laws. We used DNA and morphometry methods to identify four wild and two domestic bovid species from horn trophies. It helped in testing a horn trophy suspected from a wild buffalo that was seized by authorities and sent to us for species identification. Two measurements, circumference at the base (CAB) and length on the front curve (LOFC), were measured for the seized and different bovids horns. The three-dimensional (3-D) scatter plot, generated by the values of CAB, LOFC and CAB/LOFC, differentiated the different bovid species into distinct clusters and placed the seized horn in the proximity of domestic water buffalos. The Bayesian evolutionary analysis of the partial D-loop gene (521 bp) placed the seized horn in a clade with swamp buffalos, which are considered domestic. Hence, the morphometric and the DNA analyses showed consensus in concluding that the seized horn originated from a domestic buffalo. The current protocol may differentiate between wild water buffalo, wild yak, guar, takin and domestic water buffalos (river and swamp). It may also help address the illegal wildlife trade of different bovid species at national and international levels.

Damper throttle-slices of the cab relies generally on the Finite Element (FE) method for the stress characteristic analysis. It is still a lack of an analytical algorithm for the engineering application. This study aims to construct the analytical algorithm, the program interface of the stress characteristic analysis, the verification, and the thickness split design of throttle-slices of the cab for agricultural vehicles. The stress analytical formula was deduced using the stress influence coefficient. Then, a simple and practical analytical algorithm was proposed for the stress characteristic of the damper throttle-slices under the interval uniformly distributed pressure for cabs. The parameters were considered, such as the interval uniformly distributed pressure, the number of pieces, the thickness, the valve port radius, the upper gasket radius, and the lower gasket radius. The FE simulation and the theoretical analysis show that the analytical stress values of each slice at different radius positions under the working pressure were close to the simulation values for the circumferential stress, radial stress, and composite stress. Moreover, the relative deviations were all within 1.5%. The stress influence coefficient was obtained under the section uniform pressure. There were the same radial, circumferential, and composite stress influence coefficients of each slice, particularly independent of the slice thickness and section uniform pressure. Among them, the maximum influence coefficient occurred at the radius rd of the lower gasket. The stress analytical formulae revealed that the greater the thickness of each slice was, the greater the radial, circumferential, and composite stress values were. The analytical algorithm was used to establish the rapid stress check, the split design of the thickness, and the optimization design. The effectiveness of the analytical algorithm was further verified by the case study and the damper test. The throttle-slice fracture occurred before the number of tests reached 50 000 times in the damper equipped with the original single slice. The damper that was assembled with the designed superimposed throttle-slices worked normally after more than 1.0 million times. Moreover, there was no slice fracture, indicating the effective thickness split of superposition slices in the damper. The algorithm effectively avoided many FEM limitations. There was the internal physical relationship between the structural parameters and the stress of the superimposed throttle-slices, the influence of the structural parameters on the stress, the rapid check of the stress intensity of the throttle-slices, and the disassembly design of the throttle-slices. The finding can provide a more practical and convenient effective tool for the relevant engineering and technical personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collaborative optimisation method for the lightweight and crashworthiness of the cab structure is proposed using mixed variable screening, approximate models, multi-objective optimisation and ideal point methods. First, modal and stiffness analyses of the cab model are built. Three impact simulation model of cab are established and verified via ECE R29-02 regulation tests. Subsequently, front impact, front pillar impact, and roof strength model are established following ECE R29-03, which is more stringent than the ECE R29-02. However, the result of the front pillar impact of the cab does not meet the requirements of the ECE R29-03. Several improved A-pillar structures are proposed, among which reinforced rib structure can effectively enhance the occupant's living space. Then, 18 thickness and 4 material variables are selected as design variables based on the mixed variable screening method. Different approximate models are established for performance responses. The results show that the second-order response surface model has high fitting accuracy in the cab modal and bending and torsional stiffness performance, while the Kriging model has high fitting accuracy in the crashworthiness indicators of the cab. Finally, the multi-objective lightweight and crashworthiness collaborative optimisation of the cab are conducted. Compared with the initial model, the crashworthiness of the optimal cab model is improved and the mass is reduced by 27.1 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Without prior knowledge, the steering vector estimation error of the desired signal will deteriorate the beamforming performance to some extent.To solve this problem, a space-time blind wideband beamforming algorithm based on the uncertainty set is proposed.First of all, based on the space-time filtering model, the spherical constraint set is designed according to the uncertainty of the estimation error of the space-time steering vector. Then, the method of wideband beamforming under multi-constraints in the frequency domain is derived, and the calculation of parameters of steering vector estimation error and loading factor are given in detail. Finally,a blind broadband beamforming algorithm combined with the CAB algorithm is proposed. The improvement of the output signal-to-noise ratio is quantitatively analyzed by computer simulation to verify the correctness and robustness of the algorithm.

Based on the background of frequent cracking failures of the cab floor of a light commercial truck,the cause analysis and optimization designs of the strength of the cab floor of this brand commercial vehicle were carried out. First,the CAE modeling and simulation of the light truck floor cab were carried out,and the time domain data onto the strain of each measuring point of the road driving of the light commercial truck was measured using the electrical measurement method. The calculation results show that the stress extreme value of the CAE calculation simulation results reaches 160. 7 MPa,and the stress extreme value of the same part measured by the electrical measurement method reaches 250. 3 MPa,which is far beyond the yield strength limit of the cab material. Then,on this basis,the nature of the problem is judged,and the force analysis and calculation are carried out on the turning mechanism. The calculation results show that the theoretical difference between the torque limits of both sides is only 3 424. 2 N·m,and the reason for the crack is that the strength of the cab body is too low. Finally,on the basis of experiments and theoretical analysis,this paper proposes two structural strength optimization measures,including strengthening plates and welding seams,and adding structural adhesive,and conducts comparative analysis in various aspects to provide a reference for the subsequent engineering structure optimization and strength analysis.

ABSTRACT In view of the fact that the design of the cab structure of wheeled combine harvesters in China lacks ergonomic design parameters exclusive for Chinese drivers, there are generally problems such as high vibration and poor comfort of the whole machine structure during the harvesting process. Firstly, this paper designed the cab structure of a wheeled grain combine harvester based on ergonomics. Then, the driver's handling comfort and visibility were simulated and analyzed using Creo. Finally, the relevant dimensions of the driver's control device were optimized. The results show that the wheeled grain combine harvester cab based on ergonomic design better meets their driving comfort needs. In addition, it is found that the operating frequencies of the key components, such as the main shaft of the conveyor spindle, the vibrating screen, the threshing drum, and the intermediate shaft of the engine, partially overlap with the frequency of human discomfort. Therefore, modal planning is also needed for this harvester to meet human comfort requirements better. This paper provides the basic parameters for the design of the cab structure of the combine harvester with high comfort for the Chinese harvesting machinery driver.

Purpose: The complexity of illicit enrichment investigations, necessitate a skilled professional to conduct such investigations. Illicit enrichment is defined by s. 20 of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). The purpose of this study was to determine the skills and competencies required of a forensic accountant, to investigate illicit enrichment. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis was used to examine and analyse the forensic accountant’s ability and skill set required, to investigate illicit enrichment, by referring to two successful multi-disciplinary systems. Findings: It was found that, to successfully investigate illicit enrichment, the forensic accountant should, in addition to accounting- and legal skills, possess abilities that include incisive interviewing, proficient written- and oral communication, as well as analytical- and computer skills. It is therefore recommended that the skills and expertise of the South African forensic accountant are evaluated in order to determine whether additional training, knowledge and skills are needed to lead an investigation of this nature. Research limitations/implications: The research solely relied on available literature (secondary data) from a variety of sources. Originality/value: Previous studies have examined the skill set of forensic accountants, although none apparently examined this issue with specific regard to the investigation of illicit enrichment. This study offers South African law enforcement and anti-corruption agencies practical advice on how to employ, train and equip individuals with the necessary skills needed to successfully investigate illicit enrichment, if (and when) it is criminalised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the level of market power and determinants of Sharia banking in Indonesia, using the Bresnahan-Lau model approach. This study is explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The data used are secondary, including one dependent variable, namely Market Power (MP), with five independent variables, namely Equivalent Rate (ER), 3-month Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificates (SBIS3), Number of Branches (CAB), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ), Inflation (INF), and one control variable that is the historical aspect (MPt-1) by using time series data on the annual financial statements of Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia (BSMI), Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM), Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI). The results show market power in the Sharia banking industry in Indonesia, with a significance level of ER and GDP interaction testing of 0,000. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat market power serta determinan market power perbankan syariah di Indonesia, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Bresnahan-Lau model. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian explanatory research menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, meliputi satu variabel tergantung yaitu Market Power (MP), dengan lima variabel bebas yaitu Equivalent Rate (ER), Surat Berharga Indonesia Syariah 3bulan (SBIS3), Jumlah Cabang (CAB), Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), Inflasi (INF), serta 1 variabel kontrol yaitu aspek historis (MPt-1). menggunakan data time series laporan keuangan tahunan Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia (BSMI), Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM), Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat market power pada industri syariah banking yang berkedudukan di Indonesia dengan tingkat signifikansi pengujian interaksi ER dan PDB sebesar 0,000.

The widespread distribution of unconventional pollutants potentially exposes to the machinery cab, particularly with the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization in China in recent years. Taking a tractor of Dongfanghong 1 804 as the research object, this study aims to clarify the emission characteristics of unconventional pollutants in the cab using the combination of simulation and test. 1) The diffusion process of unconventional pollutants in the cab was simulated by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software (Fluent). The initial conditions were set at the ambient temperature of 23 ℃, where benzene was selected as a representative pollutant, considering the high carcinogenicity of benzene. Two reference sections were selected as the cross-sectional area of the breathing belt and the middle sectional area of the air supply outlet in a cab. The reason was that the breathing belt area of drivers with a great impact on the human body, while, the outlet area of air supply with a large air flow in the cab. In addition, the reference point was selected from the human breathing area, each of which was located on the connecting line between the upper part of the steering wheel and the top of the seat. The height was aligned with the height of the breathing belt of the driver and passengers. After that, a CFD simulation was conducted to obtain the temporal and spatial distribution of benzene concentration in different sections and reference points. The simulation results showed that the benzene concentration in each section basically reached equilibrium under the condition of a closed cab after 12 hours. The average benzene concentrations at the reference point and two reference sections were 1.81, 2.70, and 3.03 μg/m3, respectively, which were below the limit value required for the concentration of organic matter in the air in the vehicle. Furthermore, the pollutant concentration in the cab decreased significantly under the condition of external circulation ventilation, where the average mass percentage of benzene in two sections decreased to 1.71 and 1.98 μg/m³. Correspondingly, the entry of fresh air was conducive to the improvement of air quality in the cab. 2) A systematic test was carried out to verify the concentration of pollutants in the cab. According to HJ/t400-2007 sampling and determination s of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes and ketones in vehicles and the standard TO-17 of the National Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the volatile organic compounds in the cab were collected by a Tenax TA tube, afterward they were analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that there were a wide variety of volatile organic compounds detected in the cab of agricultural machinery, including 241 kinds of alkanes, olefins, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other compounds, of which alkanes accounted for the largest proportion, followed by aromatic compounds and esters. The detected concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and styrene were 3.08, 30.49, 46.84, 8.39, and 2.43 μg/m³, respectively, which were lower than the maximum concentration specified in the national standard of GB/T27630-2011 guidelines for the evaluation of air quality in passenger cars. A comparison was made on the measured benzene concentration at the reference point after being closed for 16 hours with the simulation. It was found that the error range was 7.7%-10.0%, indicating the more reliable simulation. In addition, a portable handheld detector was used to detect the changing trend of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) concentration in the cab within 18 hours at the reference point under the condition of the closed cab, in order to further verify the reliability of the numerical simulation. It was found that the TVOC concentration in the tractor cab basically reached equilibrium after 12 hours, and the changing trend was roughly the same as that of benzene concentration at the reference point during simulation, indicating the high reliability and accuracy of the model. This finding can provide a theoretical basis for further study of air quality in an agricultural machinery cab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAB, a recently described automated model‐building (AMB) program, has been modified to work effectively with nucleic acids. To this end, several new algorithms have been introduced and the libraries have been updated. To reduce the input average phase error, ligand heavy atoms are now located before starting the CAB interpretation of the electron‐density maps. Furthermore, alternative approaches are used depending on whether the ligands belong to the target or to the model chain used in the molecular‐replacement step. Robust criteria are then applied to decide whether the AMB model is acceptable or whether it must be modified to fit prior information on the target structure. In the latter case, the model chains are rearranged to fit prior information on the target chains. Here, the performance of the new AMB program CAB applied to various nucleic acid structures is discussed. Other well documented programs such as Nautilus, ARP/wARP and phenix.autobuild were also applied and the experimental results are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the development of the market of transportation network company (Uber, Lyft, etc.) in the United States, Europe and Asia. The experience of the introduction of the law AB5 of the State of California, affecting the activities of cab call aggregators and traditional passenger cabs is analyzed. Forecast versions of the development of the taxi industry in Russia as a whole and in Moscow are constructed. Proposals on the problems of regulating taxi services in Russia have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using a split-step Fourier method, we discuss the propagation dynamics of the circular airy beam (CAB) modeled by the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) with the linear, parabolic and Gaussian potentials. Results show that the CAB is deflected with the action of the linear potential, and the deflecting direction of the beam is controlled by a positive or negative linear potential coefficient. The magnitude of the linear potential is inversely proportional to the evolution period of the beam. And as the Lévy index decreases to one, the beam is no longer focused but gradually splits into two symmetric beams with a part of energy in the middle. With the influence of the parabolic potential, the CAB undergoes periodic evolution of autofocusing and auto-defocusing behaviors. And the period is inversely proportional to the parabolic potential coefficient. The intensity of the beam grows larger with a decreasing Lévy index when it is suddenly self-focusing. In the presence of a Gaussian potential barrier, the CAB is reflected when it encounters the barrier, and the Gaussian potential well has the same phenomenon. However, the critical potential intensity required for total reflection of the beam with a potential well is greater than that with a barrier. It is shown that we can control the propagation trajectory of CABs by rationally tuning the Lévy index and various potential parameters in the fractional Schrödinger optical system. It has a great potential in the application of optical operation and optical switching. • The research for circular airy beams (CAB) in the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) with potentials is rarely involved. • We demonstrate the propagation dynamics of the CAB modeled by FSE with the linear, parabolic and Gaussian potentials. • The trajectory of CAB can be controlled by adjusting the Lévy index and various potential parameters in the FSE system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]