Search

Your search keyword '"C.S. Lin"' showing total 231 results
Start Over Author "C.S. Lin"
231 results on '"C.S. Lin"'

1. Comparison of a full-spectrum multi-analyte clinical analyser with six reference instruments using canine and feline blood samples

Author

C.S. Lin, G.H. Chiang, C.H. Liu, H.C. Tsai, C.C. Yang, K. Chen, S.K. Huang, T.L. Cheng, and C.C. Chou

Subjects
point-of-care, multi-analytes, whole blood, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

In this study, we report the characterisation of a novel centrifugation and spectrum-integrated veterinary clinical analyser, the AmiShieldTM, which has been developed for the multiplex measurement of biochemical, electrolyte and immunoassay parameters in a point-of-care testing environment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of the AmiShieldTM and to compare it with six reference instruments using clinical blood samples. Two hundred and four canine and 120 feline blood samples collected from veterinary teaching hospitals were analysed in parallel using the AmiShield and appropriate reference instruments. All results were evaluated separately for canine and feline specimens. The instrument's analytical performance was evaluated initially for short- and long-term precision, bias, and observed total error using quality control material. This was followed by comparison of clinical specimens on the AmiShield analyser in parallel with the Vitros and Hitachi for biochemical parameters, VetScan and SNAPshot for total bile acids, and VetLyte and Biolyte for electrolytes. Overall, the AmiShield analyser's performance met the standards of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for total allowable error for most analytes, and can be considered suitable for use in veterinary clinical practices. Using canine samples, excellent correlation coefficients (r ≧ 0.92) were identified for 14 analytes of various categories including glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl- and total bile acid, while good correlations (0.91 ≧ r ≧ 0.80) were recorded for albumin (r = 0.91). Bland-Altman difference plots also showed agreement (greater than 95% within Limits of Agreement) for glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na+, K+, Cl- and total bile acid between AmiShield and the reference instruments. However, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphorus exhibited higher outliers, implying potential problems associated with matrix interferences such as lipemic samples, which warrant further study. This study demonstrates that the AmiShield compares favourably with standard reference instruments, and the new device generated data of high quality for most analytes in clinical canine and feline samples. The capability of reliably measuring multi-category analytes in one device using minute amounts (170 μl) of whole blood and short turn-around times (< 15 min) underlines the high potential of the device as a good alternative in-house diagnostic application.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Towards the Measurement of the Mass Modifications of Vector Mesons in a Finite Density Matter

Author

K. Ozawa, K. Aoki, D. Arimizu, S. Ashikaga, W.C. Chang, T. Chujo, K. Ebata, H. En'yo, S. Esumi, H. Hamagaki, R. Honda, M. Ichikawa, S. Kajikawa, K. Kanno, Y. Kimura, A. Kiyomichi, T.K. Kondo, S. Kyan, C.H. Lin, C.S. Lin, Y. Morino, H. Murakami, T.N. Murakami, R. Muto, W. Nakai, S. Nakasuga, M. Naruki, T. Nonaka, H. Noumi, T. Sakaguchi, H. Sako, F. Sakuma, S. Sato, S. Sawada, M. Sekimoto, K. Shigaki, K. Shirotori, H. Sugimura, T.N. Takahashi, Y. Takaura, R. Tatsumi, K. Tsukui, P.H. Wang, K. Yahiro, K.H. Yamaguchi, and S. Yokkaichi

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. References

Author

George C.S. Lin

Published
2007

4. Index

Author

George C.S. Lin

Published
2007

19. Cover

Author

George C.S. Lin

Published
2007

20. Preface

Author

George C.S. Lin

Published
2007

23. Deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) near detector conceptual design report

Author

Abud, A.A. Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alrashed, M. Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I. Bagby, L. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Belchior, E. Battat, J.B.R. Battisti, F. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Rodríguez, A.B. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Cagnoli, I. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Carroll, T. Castaño Forero, J.F. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. Chardonnet, E. Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. Chokheli, D. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Church, E. Cicero, V. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Copello, S. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Dalager, O. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. De Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Muth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G.W. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Souza, G. Dharmapalan, R. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolan, S. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Eurin, G. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Carneiro Da Silva, M.F. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filthaut, F. Fiorentini, A. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, D.V. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Gilligan, S. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gran, R. Granados, E. Granger, P. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Greenler, L. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guerard, E. Guerzoni, M. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haiston, J. Hamacher-Baumann, P. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Harton, J. Hasegawa, T. Hasnip, C. Hatcher, R. Hatfield, K.W. Hatzikoutelis, A. Hayes, C. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. Jackson, S. Jain, V. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y.S. Jesús-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S.B. Judah, M. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, I. Kamiya, F. Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kolupaeva, L. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kunze, P. Kurita, N. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Land, B. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. Lazur, R. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. Lebrun, P. Lecompte, T. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui De Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Li, L. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. Losecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Lu, X.-G. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. Macfarlane, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R.C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Manyam, V.N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C.M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Méndez, D.P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Mikola, V. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Molina Bueno, L. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montagna, E. Montano Zetina, L.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A.F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Niccolo, M. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Nicoletta, M. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J.P. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J.L. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Poppi, F. Pordes, S. Porter, J. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Pugnere, D. Qian, X. Queiroga Bazetto, M.C. Raaf, J.L. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotonandrasana, A. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M.A. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Raut, S. Razakamiandra, R.F. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Rejeb Sfar, H. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccio, C. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Ricol, J. Rigamonti, A. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez Alonso, M.J. Rodriguez Bonilla, E. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rosenberg, M. Rosier, P. Roskovec, B. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, P. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Rubio, F.C. Russell, B. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahay, R. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simon, F. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snider, E.L. Snopok, P. Soares Nunes, M. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C.J. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J.G. Sullivan, H. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Todd, J. Tonazzo, A. Torbunov, D. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Tosi, N. Travaglini, R. Trevor, J. Trilov, S. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Valerio, P. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van De Water, R.G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. Vieira De Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M.H.L.S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeit, G. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2021

24. Supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Alonso Monsalve, S. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Bento Neves, F. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blanco Siffert, B. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Caro Terrazas, I. Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. de Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell-Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. DeMuth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J.J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Escudero Sanchez, L. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A.S. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesùs-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. Li, S. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Molina Bueno, L. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Pinzino, J. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J.L. Raboanary, R. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotondramanana, H.T. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M.A. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez Alonso, M.J. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Roeth, A.J. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Soares Nunes, M. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C.J. Söldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Tapia Oregui, B. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tórtola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Trevor, J. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R.G. Vanegas Forero, D. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. Vieira de Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M.R. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the νe spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

25. Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B.B. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. de Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. DeMuth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J.J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Domizio, S.D. Giulio, L.D. Ding, P. Noto, L.D. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Sanchez, L.E. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Menendez, P.F. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Bermeo, L.V.G. Fajardo, L.S.G. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Morquecho, M.A.H. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A.S. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesùs-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G.L. Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M.A.L. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. Li, S. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M.M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D.A.M. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L.M. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Zetina, L.M.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Campo, A.O.D. Olivier, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Pinzino, J. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J.L. Raboanary, R. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotondramanana, H.T. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Delgado, M.A.R. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M.J.R. Rondon, J.R. Roeth, A.J. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M.S. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Salinas, C.J.S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Trevor, J. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R.G. Forero, D.V. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H.V. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M.R. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin 22 θ13 to current reactor experiments. © 2020, The Author(s).

Published
2020

26. Breaking the land monopoly: Can collective land reform alleviate the housing shortage in China's mega-cities?

Author

Li Tian, Yaxin Wu, Lei Shao, Yaqi Yan, and George C.S. Lin Prof.

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, Development, Urban Studies, Megacity, Market economy, Beijing, State (polity), Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Business, Dynamism, Contingency, China, Monopoly, 050703 geography, Land reform, media_common
Abstract

This paper engages with ongoing theoretical enquiries into the dynamism of housing shortage in many global cities. The research critically evaluates the recent Chinese practice of increasing the supply of the collectively owned land as a means to alleviate housing shortage in cities. Taking the four first-tier cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen as case studies, this paper analyzes their characteristics of land supply and housing price/rent change, and argues that increasing land supply through encouraging rental housing to be built upon collectively owned land did not contribute in any significant way the alleviation of housing shortage in China's megacities because of the manipulation and circumvention of the local governments that held strong vested interests in urban land monopoly. Findings of this research contribute new theoretical insights into the global dynamism of housing developments and call for special attention paid to the important effects of the land disposition regimes upon housing supply, the sophisticated central-local power relations internal to the state, and the spatiality of housing developments as well as their geographical contingency. The paper concludes with policy implications to facilitate the rental housing development on collectively owned land in Chinese cities.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. The integrin-associated signal transducer cd47 modulates radiosensitivity by cancer stem cell regulation and emt deactivation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

Author

P.Y. Chu, Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu, M. Hsiao, L.S. Wang, C.S. Lin, M.H. Chien, C.T. Yeh, S. Pai, and J.T. Tsai

Subjects
biology, business.industry, CD47, Integrin, Signal, Transducer, Otorhinolaryngology, Cancer stem cell, Cancer research, biology.protein, Medicine, Surgery, Basal cell, Radiosensitivity, Oral Surgery, business
Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Surface-Morphology-Induced Hydrophobicity of Fluorocarbon Films Grown by a Simultaneous Etching and Deposition Process

Author

Y.Y. Huang, J. S. Fang, C.S. Lin, and Tsung-Shune Chin

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, Chemical vapor deposition, Hexadecane, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Contact angle, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbon film, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Etching (microfabrication), Materials Chemistry, Fluorocarbon, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Development of facile methods to prepare hydrophobic films is of great important. We report fluorocarbon films deposited by a simple plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method using C3F8 and C2H2 with extra Ar and/or O2 gases. The surface characteristics of the films were examined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the films were evaluated by measurements of static contact angle. The results showed that the film deposited with C3F8, C2H2, Ar, and O2 exhibited a water contact angle of 114°, hexadecane contact angle of 45°, and transmittance of 94.5%. Photoelectron spectra further revealed that the films contained mainly CF and CF2 bonds and thus a high F/C ratio. Introduction of O2 increased the F/C ratio, which combined with the stripe-like surface of the films achieved better hydrophobicity.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Calibration a Magnetometer Based on Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm

Author

C.S. Lin and Xue Liang Pang

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Mathematical optimization, Meta-optimization, Estimation theory, Calibration (statistics), Genetic algorithm, Population, Mutation (genetic algorithm), General Medicine, education, Scaling, Measure (mathematics), Mathematics
Abstract

It is imperative that the magnetometer is properly calibrated for sensor errors caused by the bias, scaling factors and non-orthogonality. It is difficult for the three-axis magnetometer to be used directly to measure the magnetic field magnitude. In this paper, we present a method based on Multiple Genetic Algorithm that can be used to estimate calibration model parameters. The Genetic Algorithm put the parameters of the calibration model as the evolutionary population; According to the fitness, the poor individual is eliminated step by step and the optimal individual is obtained after crossing and mutation; The optimal parameter estimation corresponding to optimal individuals is achieved. In the practical application of Genetic Algorithm to estimate parameters of calibration model, premature situation is fond. To avoid this situation, Multiple Genetic Algorithm is used to solve this problem. It is effective for Multiple Genetic Algorithm to estimate parameters of calibration model overcoming the premature. The simulation and experiment show that the method based on Multiple Genetic Algorithm can converge steadily and can achieve high estimation precision.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Exposure to serotonin adversely affects oligodendrocyte development and myelinationin vitro

Author

Yi Pang, Lu-Tai Tien, Kimberly L. Simpson, Rick C.S. Lin, Zhengwei Cai, Lir-Wan Fan, Abhay J. Bhatt, Baoying Zheng, and Praveen Kumar

Subjects
Serotonin, medicine.medical_specialty, Programmed cell death, Ritanserin, Biology, Biochemistry, Article, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Myelin, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Cell Lineage, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Progenitor cell, Receptor, Cells, Cultured, Embryonic Stem Cells, Myelin Sheath, Neurons, Node of Ranvier, Cell Death, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Embryo, Mammalian, Coculture Techniques, Oligodendrocyte, Rats, Oligodendroglia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Immunology, Female, Myelin Proteins, medicine.drug
Abstract

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated to play critical roles in early neural development. Recent reports have suggested that perinatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) resulted in cortical network miswiring, abnormal social behavior, callosal myelin malformation, as well as oligodendrocyte (OL) pathology in rats. To gain further insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SSRIs-induced OL and myelin abnormalities, we investigated the effect of 5-HT exposure on OL development, cell death, and myelination in cell culture models. First, we showed that 5-HT receptor 1A and 2A subtypes were expressed in OL lineages, using immunocytochemistry, Western blot, as well as intracellular Ca(2+) measurement. We then assessed the effect of serotonin exposure on the lineage development, expression of myelin proteins, cell death, and myelination, in purified OL and neuron-OL myelination cultures. For pure OL cultures, our results showed that 5-HT exposure led to disturbance of OL development, as indicated by aberrant process outgrowth and reduced myelin proteins expression. At higher doses, such exposure triggered a development-dependent cell death, as immature OLs exhibited increasing susceptibility to 5-HT treatment compared to OL progenitor cells (OPC). We showed further that 5-HT-induced immature OL death was mediated at least partially via 5-HT2A receptor, since cell death could be mimicked by 5-HT2A receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride, (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride, but atten-uated by pre-treatment with 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin. Utilizing a neuron-OL myelination co-culture model, our data showed that 5-HT exposure significantly reduced the number of myelinated internodes. In contrast to cell injury observed in pure OL cultures, 5-HT exposure did not lead to OL death or reduced OL density in neuron-OL co-cultures. However, abnormal patterns of contactin-associated protein (Caspr) clustering were observed at the sites of Node of Ranvier, suggesting that 5-HT exposure may affect other axon-derived factors for myelination. In summary, this is the first study to demonstrate that manipulation of serotonin levels affects OL development and myelination, which may contribute to altered neural connectivity noted in SSRIs-treated animals. The current in vitro study demonstrated that exposure to high level of serotonin (5-HT) led to aberrant oligodendrocyte (OL) development, cell injury, and myelination deficit. We propose that elevated extracellular serotonin levels in the fetal brain, such as upon the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy, may adversely affect OL development and/or myelination, thus contributing to altered neural connectivity seen in Autism Spectrum Disorders. OPC = oligodendrocyte progenitor cell.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Lasting neurobehavioral abnormalities in rats after neonatal activation of serotonin 1A and 1B receptors: possible mechanisms for serotonin dysfunction in autistic spectrum disorders

Author

Nidhi Khatri, Rick C.S. Lin, Ian A. Paul, and Kimberly L. Simpson

Subjects
Male, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Pyridines, medicine.drug_class, Stimulation, Citalopram, Pharmacology, Article, Piperazines, chemistry.chemical_compound, Quinoxalines, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic, Social Behavior, Receptor, GR-127935, 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, Oxadiazoles, 8-OH-DPAT, Brain, Rats, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, chemistry, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Exploratory Behavior, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B, Antidepressant, Female, Serotonin Antagonists, Serotonin, Psychology, Locomotion, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract

Perinatal exposure of rats to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) produces sensory and social abnormalities paralleling those seen in autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the possible mechanism(s) by which this exposure produces behavioral abnormalities is unclear. We hypothesized that the lasting effects of neonatal SSRI exposure are a consequence of abnormal stimulation of 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT1B receptors during brain development. We examined whether such stimulation would result in lasting sensory and social deficits in rats in a manner similar to SSRIs using both direct agonist stimulation of receptors as well as selective antagonism of these receptors during SSRI exposure. Male and female rat pups were treated from postnatal days 8 to 21. In Experiment 1, pups received citalopram (20 mg/kg/day), saline, (±)-8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT; 0.5 mg/kg/day) or 7-trifluoromethyl-4(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline dimaleate (CGS-12066B; 10 mg/kg/day). In Experiment 2, a separate cohort of pups received citalopram (20 mg/kg/day), or saline which was combined with either N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclo-hexanecarboxamide maleate (WAY-100635; 0.6 mg/kg/day) or N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2′-methyl-4′-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1-1′-biphenyl-4-carboxamide (GR-127935; 6 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. Rats were then tested in paradigms designed to assess sensory and social response behaviors at different time points during development. Direct and indirect neonatal stimulation of 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors disrupts sensory processing, produces neophobia, increases stereotypic activity, and impairs social interactions in manner analogous to that observed in ASD. Increased stimulation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors plays a significant role in the production of lasting social and sensory deficits in adult animals exposed as neonates to SSRIs.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Differential roles of astrocyte and microglia in supporting oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vitro

Author

Lir-Wan Fan, Rick C.S. Lin, Baoying Zheng, Yi Pang, Lu-Tai Tien, Abhay J. Bhatt, Xuemei Dai, and Zhengwei Cai

Subjects
Microglia, glia, proliferation, Growth factor, medicine.medical_treatment, in vitro, differentiation, Biology, In vitro, Oligodendrocyte, Behavioral Neuroscience, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, nervous system, medicine, Extracellular, Progenitor cell, Neuroscience, Original Research, Astrocyte
Abstract

Oligodendrocyte (OL) development relies on many extracellular cues, most of which are secreted cytokines from neighboring neural cells. Although it is generally accepted that both astrocytes and microglia are beneficial for OL development, there is a lack of understanding regarding whether astrocytes and microglia play similar or distinct roles. The current study examined the effects of astrocytes and microglia on OL developmental phenotypes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination in vitro. Our data reveal that, although both astrocytes- and microglia-conditioned medium (ACDM and MCDM, respectively) protect OL progenitor cells (OPCs) against growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis, ACDM is significantly more effective than MCDM in supporting long-term OL survival. In contrast, MCDM preferentially promotes OL differentiation and myelination. These differential effects of ACDM and MCDM on OL development are highlighted by distinct pattern of cytokine/growth factors in the conditioned medium, which correlates with differentially activated intracellular signaling pathways in OPCs upon exposure to the conditioned medium.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. The zona incerta modulates spontaneous spike-wave discharges in the rat

Author

Ruei-Feng Chen, Rick C.S. Lin, Yi Fang Liao, Fu-Zen Shaw, and Yu Hsing Huang

Subjects
Deep brain stimulation, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Thalamus, Action Potentials, Stimulation, Lesion, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Animals, Microstimulation, Rats, Long-Evans, GABA-A Receptor Agonists, Anesthetics, Local, Muscle, Skeletal, Cerebral Cortex, Muscimol, General Neuroscience, Lidocaine, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, Rats, Absence seizure, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Subthalamus, Vibrissae, Zona incerta, medicine.symptom, Neuroscience, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

The contribution of the zona incerta (ZI) of the thalamus on spike-wave discharges (SWDs) was investigated. Chronic recordings of bilateral cortices, bilateral vibrissa muscle, and unilateral ZI were performed in Long-Evans rats to examine the functional role of SWDs. Rhythmic ZI activity appeared at the beginning of SWD and was accompanied by higher-oscillation frequencies and larger spike magnitudes. Bilateral lidocaine injections into the mystacial pads led to a decreased oscillation frequency of SWDs, but the phenomenon of ZI-related spike magnitude enhancement was preserved. Moreover, 800-Hz ZI microstimulation terminates most of the SWDs and whisker twitching (WT; >80%). In contrast, 200-Hz ZI microstimulation selectively stops WTs but not SWDs. Stimulation of the thalamic ventroposteriomedial nucleus showed no obvious effect on terminating SWDs. A unilateral ZI lesion resulted in a significant reduction of 7- to 12-Hz power of both the ipsilateral cortical and contralateral vibrissae muscle activities during SWDs. Intraincertal microinfusion of muscimol showed a significant inhibition on SWDs. Our present data suggest that the ZI actively modulates the SWD magnitude and WT behavior.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Monoamine oxidase A and A/B knockout mice display autistic-like features

Author

Rick C.S. Lin, Sean C. Godar, Valentina Bini, Junlin Zhang, Marco Bortolato, Jean C. Shih, Cara L. Wellman, Kimberly L. Simpson, Loai Alzghoul, Ryan D. Darling, and Kevin Chen

Subjects
Male, Mice, 129 Strain, Monoamine oxidase, Motor Activity, Corpus callosum, Article, Mice, Neurochemical, Animals, Interpersonal Relations, Pharmacology (medical), Autistic Disorder, Maze Learning, Prefrontal cortex, Monoamine Oxidase, Mice, Knockout, Pharmacology, biology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Knockout mouse, biology.protein, Serotonin, Monoamine oxidase B, Vocalization, Animal, Monoamine oxidase A, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

Converging lines of evidence show that a sizable subset of autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs) is characterized by increased blood levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), yet the mechanistic link between these two phenomena remains unclear. The enzymatic degradation of brain 5-HT is mainly mediated by monoamine oxidase (MAO)A and, in the absence of this enzyme, by its cognate isoenzyme MAOB. MAOA and A/B knockout (KO) mice display high 5-HT levels, particularly during early developmental stages. Here we show that both mutant lines exhibit numerous behavioural hallmarks of ASDs, such as social and communication impairments, perseverative and stereotypical responses, behavioural inflexibility, as well as subtle tactile and motor deficits. Furthermore, both MAOA and A/B KO mice displayed neuropathological alterations reminiscent of typical ASD features, including reduced thickness of the corpus callosum, increased dendritic arborization of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex and disrupted microarchitecture of the cerebellum. The severity of repetitive responses and neuropathological aberrances was generally greater in MAOA/B KO animals. These findings suggest that the neurochemical imbalances induced by MAOA deficiency (either by itself or in conjunction with lack of MAOB) may result in an array of abnormalities similar to those observed in ASDs. Thus, MAOA and A/B KO mice may afford valuable models to help elucidate the neurobiological bases of these disorders and related neurodevelopmental problems.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Neuron‐oligodendrocyte myelination co‐culture derived from embryonic rat spinal cord and cerebral cortex

Author

Philip G. Rhodes, Yi Pang, Rick C.S. Lin, Zhengwei Cai, Baoying Zheng, and Simpson L Kimberly

Subjects
Central nervous system, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, rat, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, myelination, Spinal cord, neuron, Oligodendrocyte, Myelin basic protein, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Cytoarchitecture, Cerebral cortex, Neuron differentiation, biology.protein, Neuron, CNS, Neuroscience, oligodendrocyte, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

An in vitro myelination model derived from rat central nervous system (CNS) remains to be established. Here, we describe a simple and reproducible myelination culture method using dissociated neuron-oligodendrocyte (OL) co-cultures from either the embryonic day 16 (E16) rat spinal cord or cerebral cortex. The dissociated cells are plated directly on poly-L-lysine-coated cover slips and maintained in a modified myelination medium that supports both OL and neuron differentiation. The spinal cord derived OL progenitor cells develop quickly into myelin basic protein (MBP)+ mature OLs and start to myelinate axons around 17 days in vitro (DIV17). Myelination reaches its peak around six weeks (DIV40) and the typical nodes of Ranvier are revealed by paranodal proteins Caspr and juxaparanodal protein Kv1.2 immunoreactivity. Electron microscopy (EM) shows typical myelination cytoarchitecture and synaptic organization. In contrast, the cortical-derived co-culture requires triiodothyronine (T3) in the culture medium for myelination. Finally, either hypomyelination and/or demyelination can be induced by exposing proinflammatory cytokines or demyelinating agents to the co-culture, suggesting the feasibility of this modified in vitro myelination model for myelin-deficit investigation.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Dose-dependent effects of neonatal SSRI exposure on adult behavior in the rat

Author

Ian A. Paul, Kimberly L. Simpson, Sharonda Harris, Dorota Maciag, and Rick C.S. Lin

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Elevated plus maze, Ejaculation, medicine.medical_treatment, Citalopram, Article, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Maze Learning, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Molecular Biology, Saline, Serotonin transporter, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, General Neuroscience, Rats, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, Anesthesia, biology.protein, Antidepressant, Neurology (clinical), Serotonin, Psychology, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Developmental Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Neonatal exposure to antidepressants produces lasting impairments in male sexual behavior. Although perturbation of the serotonin system during neonatal life has been implicated in the long-term behavioral effects of neonatal antidepressant exposure, dose–response studies were necessary to confirm that inhibition of the serotonin transporter during the neonatal period is sufficient to produce impairments in sexual behavior. Therefore, the present study examined the dose–response effects of neonatal citalopram exposure on sexual behavior. In addition, the effects of exposure on anxiety-related behavior were examined since alterations in this behavioral measure could affect sexual behavior. Male Long–Evans rats were injected subcutaneously with citalopram (CTM) in one of three doses (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/d), or saline (SAL) in a volume of 0.1 ml twice daily (07:00 and 14:00 h) from PD8 to PD21. The rats were tested as adults (> PD90) for anxiety-like behavior and exploration in the elevated plus maze test and sexual behavior. Neonatal citalopram exposure produced persistent reductions in male sexual behavior characterized by significant dose-dependent reductions in the percentage of male rats displaying mounting as well as dose-dependent reductions in the number of mounts and mount latency. Neonatal citalopram exposure also produced significant dose-dependent linear trends for reductions in intromission and ejaculation behavior. However, neonatal SSRI exposure was not found to produce any effects on exploration or anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test. The present findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of the serotonin transporter during neonatal life by an SSRI is directly responsible for the long-term effects on male sexual behavior.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide enhances vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to rotenone neurotoxicity in later life

Author

Philip G. Rhodes, Zhengwei Cai, Rick C.S. Lin, Lir-Wan Fan, Lu-Tai Tien, and Kimberly L. Simpson

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Insecticides, Lipopolysaccharide, Striatum, Infusions, Subcutaneous, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pregnancy, CD11b Antigen, Axonal impairment, Microfilament Proteins, Dopaminergic, Age Factors, Drug Synergism, Substantia Nigra, Neurology, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, Movement, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Inflammation, Substantia nigra, Motor Activity, Biology, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Rotenone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Electron Transport Complex I, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Dopaminergic Neurons, Body Weight, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Neurotoxicity, Neurodegenerative disorder, medicine.disease, Rats, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, chemistry, Vibrissae, Stereotyped Behavior, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract

Brain inflammation in early life has been proposed to play important roles in the development of neurodegenerative disorders in adult life. To test this hypothesis, we used a neonatal rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure (1000 EU/g body weight, intracerebral injection on P5) to produce brain inflammation. By P70, when LPS-induced behavioral deficits were spontaneously recovered, animals were challenged with rotenone, a commonly used pesticide, through subcutaneous mini-pump infusion at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg per day for 14 days. This rotenone treatment regimen ordinarily does not produce toxic effects on behaviors in normal adult rats. Our results show that neonatal LPS exposure enhanced the vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to rotenone neurotoxicity in later life. Rotenone treatment resulted in motor neurobehavioral impairments in rats with the neonatal LPS exposure, but not in those without the neonatal LPS exposure. Rotenone induced losses of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra and decreased mitochondrial complex I activity in the striatum of rats with neonatal LPS exposure, but not in those without this exposure. Neonatal LPS exposure with later exposure to rotenone decreased retrogradely labeled nigrostriatal dopaminergic projecting neurons. The current study suggests that perinatal brain inflammation may enhance adult susceptibility to the development of neurodegenerative disorders triggered later on by environmental toxins at an ordinarily non-toxic or sub-toxic dose. Our model may be useful for studying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of nonfamilial Parkinson's disease and the development of potential therapeutic treatments.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Perinatal Citalopram Exposure Selectively Increases Locus Ceruleus Circuit Function in Male Rats

Author

Junlin Zhang, Kimberly L. Simpson, Rick C.S. Lin, Ian A. Paul, Ryan D. Darling, Loai Alzghoul, and Nidhi Khatri

Subjects
Male, Tail, medicine.medical_specialty, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Action Potentials, Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase, Citalopram, Article, Nerve Fibers, Pregnancy, Physical Stimulation, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Neurons, Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Raphe, Tyrosine hydroxylase, General Neuroscience, Locus Ceruleus, Rats, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, Catecholamine, Locus coeruleus, Female, Locus Coeruleus, Serotonin, Nerve Net, Psychology, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram (CTM), have been widely prescribed for major depressive disorder, not only for adult populations, but also for children and pregnant mothers. Recent evidence suggests that chronic SSRI exposure in adults increases serotonin (5-HT) levels in the raphe system and decreases norepinephrine (NE) locus ceruleus (LC) neural activity, suggesting a robust opposing interaction between these two monoamines. In contrast, perinatal SSRI exposure induces a long-lasting downregulation of the 5-HT-raphe system, which is opposite to that seen with chronic adult treatment. Therefore, the goal of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that perinatal CTM exposure (20 mg/kg/d) from postnatal day 1 (PN1) to PN10 leads to hyperexcited NE-LC circuit function in adult rats (>PN90). Our single-neuron LC electrophysiological data demonstrated an increase in spontaneous and stimulus-driven neural activity, including an increase in phasic bursts in CTM-exposed animals. In addition, we demonstrated a corresponding immunoreactive increase in the rate-limiting catalyzing catecholamine enzyme (tyrosine hydroxylase) within the LC and their neocortical target sites compared to saline controls. Moreover, these effects were only evident in male exposed rats, suggesting a sexual dimorphism in neural development after SSRI exposure. Together, these results indicate that administration of SSRIs during a sensitive period of brain development results in long-lasting alterations in NE-LC circuit function in adults and may be useful in understanding the etiology of pervasive developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Wear and Corrosion Investigation on the Electrodeposited Ni-P Coating

Author

Dong-Sing Wuu, C.S. Lin, Hung-Bin Lee, and Chun-Ying Lee

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Abrasive, Alloy, Surfaces and Interfaces, engineering.material, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Corrosion, Dry contact, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Surface roughness, Pitting corrosion, engineering, Adhesive, human activities
Abstract

The wear and corrosion characteristics of an electrodeposited Ni-P coating were studied using a block-on-ring wear tester. The testing environments included dry wear and immersion wear in a 5 wt% NaCl water solution bath to simulate the corrosive atmosphere. The wear behavior is discussed in terms of the friction coefficient, wear rate, and surface roughness. Under boundary lubrication, the wear mechanism changed from both adhesive and abrasive wear for dry contact to mostly abrasive wear in corrosive salt water. The corrosion pits and corrosion film formed during accelerated corrosion wear testing not only lowered the friction coefficient but decreased the surface roughness. However, due to the accelerated pitting corrosion and removal of the corrosion film, the weight loss was slightly increased. Finally, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed the formation of a porous corrosion film after the wear test in salt water.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Functional organization of the dorsal raphe efferent system with special consideration of nitrergic cell groups

Author

Barry D. Waterhouse, Kimberly L. Simpson, Rick C.S. Lin, and Rani K. Vasudeva

Subjects
Serotonin, Efferent, Sensory system, Anxiety, Nitric Oxide, Efferent Pathways, Trigeminal Nuclei, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurochemical, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Stress, Physiological, Limbic System, medicine, Animals, 5-HT receptor, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Immunohistochemistry, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Forebrain, Cats, Raphe Nuclei, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Psychology, Nucleus, Neuroscience, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

The serotonin (5HT) system of the brain is involved in many CNS functions including sensory perception, stress responses and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Of the nine 5HT nuclei located in the mammalian brain, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has the most extensive forebrain connectivity and is implicated in the manifestation of stress-related psychological disturbances. Initial investigations of DRN efferent connections failed to acknowledge the rostrocaudal and mediolateral organization of the nucleus or its neurochemical heterogeneity. More recent studies have focused on the non-5HT contingent of DRN cells and have revealed an intrinsic intranuclear organization of the DRN which has specific implications for sensory signal processing and stress responses. Of particular interest are spatially segregated subsets of nitric oxide producing neurons that are activated by stressors and that have unique efferent projection fields. In this regard, both the midline and lateral wing subregions of the DRN have emerged as prominent loci for future investigation of nitric oxide function and modulation of sensory- and stressor-related signals in the DRN and coinciding terminal fields.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Neonatal Exposure to Citalopram Selectively Alters the Expression of the Serotonin Transporter in the Hippocampus: Dose-Dependent Effects

Author

Rick C.S. Lin, Kristin J. Weaver, Kimberly L. Simpson, and Ian A. Paul

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Citalopram, Hippocampus, Article, Cognition, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Serotonin transporter, Cerebral Cortex, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Ventral Thalamic Nuclei, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, Raphe, business.industry, Putamen, Rats, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Anesthesia, Models, Animal, biology.protein, Antidepressant, Female, Serotonin, Caudate Nucleus, Anatomy, Reuptake inhibitor, business, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Infants born to mothers taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) late in pregnancy have been reported to exhibit signs of antidepressant withdrawal. Such evidence suggests that these drugs access the fetal brain in utero at biologically significant levels. Recent studies in rodents have revealed that early exposure to antidepressants can lead to long lasting abnormalities in adult behaviors, and result in robust decreases in the expression of a major serotonin synthetic enzyme (tryptophan hydroxylase) along the raphe midline. In the present investigation, we injected rat pups with citalopram (CTM: 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg) from postnatal Days 8-21, and examined serotonin transporter (SERT) labeling in the hippocampus, ventrobasal thalamic complex, and caudate-putamen when the subjects reached adulthood. Our data support the idea, that forebrain targets in receipt of innervation from the raphe midline are particularly vulnerable to the effects of CTM. SERT-immunoreactive fiber density was preferentially decreased throughout all sectors of the hippocampal formation, whereas the subcortical structures, each supplied by more lateral and rostral aspects of the raphe complex, respectively, were not significantly affected. Reductions in SERT staining were also found to be dose-dependent. These findings suggest that SSRIs may not only interfere with the establishment of chemically balanced circuits in the neonate but also impose selective impairment on higher cortical function and cognitive processes via more circumscribed (i.e., regionally specific) deficits in 5-HT action.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Coexpression of Serotonin and Nitric Oxide in the Raphe Complex: Cortical Versus Subcortical Circuit

Author

Rick C.S. Lin, Yuefeng Lu, Kimberly L. Simpson, and Kristin J. Weaver

Subjects
Serotonin, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Prefrontal Cortex, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Nitric Oxide, Serotonergic, Article, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Serotonin transporter, Neurons, biology, Raphe, Chemistry, Serotonergic cell groups, Anatomy, Spinal cord, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, biology.protein, Raphe Nuclei, Female, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Raphe nuclei, Biotechnology
Abstract

Several lines of evidence have implicated a direct reciprocal interaction between serotonin and nitric oxide. The goal of this investigation was, therefore, to examine the co-expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; the rate limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the ascending cortical projecting raphe nuclei (B6–B9 subgroups), as compared to the descending spinal cord projecting raphe nuclei (B1–B3 subgroups). Our data demonstrated that: 1) a significant number of raphe-cortical projecting neurons was identified not only in the midline subgroup of dorsal raphe (DR; B6,7) but also in the median raphe (MR; B8), as well as in the supralemniscal nucleus (SLN; B9); 2) serotonergic cortical projecting neurons from these three raphe nuclei exhibited a high (>80%) percentage of co-expression with nNOS immunoreactivity; 3) similarly, serotonin transporter (SERT) immunoreactive fibers in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were also double-labeled with nNOS immunoreactivity; 4) in contrast, the descending spinal cord projecting raphe nuclei revealed only TPH but not nNOS immunoreactivity. Our present findings suggest the existence of a direct interaction between serotonin and nitric oxide (NO) in the ascending cortical projecting raphe system. In contrast, a different strategy appears to operate the descending spinal cord projecting raphe system.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Recovery of functional and structural age-related changes in the rat primary auditory cortex with operant training

Author

Rick C.S. Lin, Loai Alzghoul, Xiaoming Zhou, Etienne de Villers-Sidani, Kimberly L. Simpson, and Michael M. Merzenich

Subjects
Auditory Cortex, Male, Aging, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, Cortical neurons, Biological Sciences, Neurophysiology, Biology, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Auditory cortex, Rats, Age related, Animals, Conditioning, Operant, False Positive Reactions, Operant conditioning, Cortical inhibition, Cognitive decline, Neuroscience
Abstract

Cognitive decline is a virtually universal aspect of the aging process. However, its neurophysiological basis remains poorly understood. We describe here more than 20 age-related cortical processing deficits in the primary auditory cortex of aging versus young rats that appear to be strongly contributed to by altered cortical inhibition. Consistent with these changes, we recorded in old rats a decrease in parvalbumin-labeled inhibitory cortical neurons. Furthermore, old rats were slower to master a simple behavior, with learning progressions marked by more false-positive responses. We then examined the effect of intensive auditory training on the primary auditory cortex in these aged rats by using an oddball discrimination task. Following training, we found a nearly complete reversal of the majority of previously observed functional and structural cortical impairments. These findings suggest that age-related cognitive decline is a tightly regulated plastic process, and demonstrate that most of these age-related changes are, by their fundamental nature, reversible.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Geometric and excited-state properties of 1,4-bis(benzothiazolylvinyl)benzene interacting with 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris[1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole] studied by a density-functional tight-binding method

Author

C.S. Lin, R.Q. Zhang, C.S. Lee, Neihaus, T.A., and Frauenheim, Th.

Subjects
Absorption spectra -- Analysis, Benzene -- Structure, Benzene -- Optical properties, Density functionals -- Analysis, Light-emitting diodes -- Properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The interaction between the host molecule 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris[1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole] (TPBI) molecule and the guest molecule 1,4-bis(benzothaizlylvinyl)benzene (BT) molecule is elucidated by using he TD-DFTB-D method. Results reveal that the overlap between the TPBI emission and the BT absorption spectra shows an efficient energy transfer from the host molecule to the guest molecule when they are excited.

Published
2006

45. Simulation of water cluster assembly on a graphite surface

Author

C.S. Lin, R.Q. Zhang, S.T. Lee, Elstner, M., Frauenheim, Th., and L.J. Wan

Subjects
Water -- Properties, Water -- Structure, Perturbation (Mathematics) -- Analysis, Density functionals -- Analysis, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The assembly of small water clusters (H2O)n, n=1-6, on a graphite surface is studied using a density functional tight-binding method complemented with an empirical van der Waals force correction, with confirmation using second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. The results indicate that physically adsorbed water molecules show little change in the IR peak position and leave an almost perfect graphite surface.

Published
2005

46. Calcium/poly(9,9-dioctylfuorene) interaction: A theoretical study

Author

S.l. Sun, C.S. Lin, R.Q. Zhang, C.S. Lee, and S.T. Lee

Subjects
Electroluminescence -- Research, Calcium compounds -- Structure, Calcium compounds -- Electric properties, Oligomers -- Structure, Oligomers -- Electric properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The geometric and electronic structures of poly(9,9-dicotylfluorene) (PFO) oligomer interacting with Ca atoms are studied. The geometric and electronic structures of complexes between PFO and Ca are revealed by studying their different interactions.

Published
2005

47. α-Phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury and improves neurological reflexes and early sensorimotor behavioral performance in juvenile rats

Author

Ruei-Feng Chen, Helen J. Mitchell, Philip G. Rhodes, Rick C.S. Lin, Zhengwei Cai, Lir-Wan Fan, and Kimberly L. Simpson

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lipopolysaccharide, Leukomalacia, Periventricular, medicine.medical_treatment, Inflammation, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Article, Cyclic N-Oxides, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Reflex, medicine, Animals, Humans, Saline, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Movement Disorders, biology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Brain, Myelin Basic Protein, Recovery of Function, Free radical scavenger, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Rats, Myelin basic protein, Disease Models, Animal, Oligodendroglia, Neuroprotective Agents, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, chemistry, Anesthesia, biology.protein, Brain Damage, Chronic, Female, Righting reflex, medicine.symptom, business, Immunostaining
Abstract

Our previous study showed that treatment with alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced LPS-induced white matter injury in the neonatal rat brain. The object of the current study was to further examine whether PBN has long-lasting protective effects and ameliorates LPS-induced neurological dysfunction. Intracerebral (i.c.) injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) was performed in postnatal day (P) 5 Sprague Dawley rat pups and PBN (100 mg/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally 5 min after LPS injection. The control rats were injected (i.c.) with sterile saline. Neurobehavioral tests were carried out from P3 to P21, and brain injury was examined after these tests. LPS exposure resulted in severe brain damage, including enlargement of ventricles bilaterally, loss of mature oligodendrocytes, impaired myelination as indicated by the decrease in myelin basic protein immunostaining, and alterations in dendritic processes in the cortical gray matter of the parietal cortex. Electron microscopic examination showed that LPS exposure caused impaired myelination as indicated by the disintegrated myelin sheaths in the juvenile rat brain. LPS administration also significantly affected neurobehavioral functions such as performance in righting reflex, wire hanging maneuver, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, vibrissa-elicited forelimb-placing test, beam walking, and gait test. Treatment with PBN, a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, provided protection against LPS-induced brain injury and associated neurological dysfunction in juvenile rats, suggesting that antioxidation might be an effective approach for therapeutic treatment of neonatal brain injury induced by infection/inflammation.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Manipulating critical period closure across different sectors of the primary auditory cortex

Author

Rick C.S. Lin, Etienne de Villers-Sidani, Kimberly L. Simpson, Y-F Lu, and Michael M. Merzenich

Subjects
Time Factors, Auditory cortex, Brain mapping, Article, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cortex (anatomy), Reaction Time, medicine, Biological neural network, Animals, Environmental noise, Critical period, Auditory Cortex, Neurons, Brain Mapping, Critical Period, Psychological, Hearing Tests, Spectrum Analysis, General Neuroscience, Recovery of Function, Electrodes, Implanted, Rats, Noise, Parvalbumins, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Newborn, QUIET, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

During early brain development and through 'adult' experience-dependent plasticity, neural circuits are shaped to represent the external world with high fidelity. When raised in a quiet environment, the rat primary auditory cortex (A1) has a well-defined 'critical period', lasting several days, for its representation of sound frequency. The addition of environmental noise extends the critical period duration as a variable function of noise level. It remains unclear whether critical period closure should be regarded as a unified, externally gated event that applies for all of A1 or if it is controlled by progressive, local, activity-driven changes in this cortical area. We found that rearing rats in the presence of a spectrally limited noise band resulted in the closure of the critical period for A1 sectors representing the noise-free spectral bands, whereas the critical period appeared to remain open in noise-exposed sectors, where the cortex was still functionally and physically immature.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Patterns of convergence in rat zona incerta from the trigeminal nuclear complex: Light and electron microscopic study

Author

Rick C.S. Lin, Yue Wang, and Kimberly L. Simpson

Subjects
Population, Presynaptic Terminals, Ventral anterior nucleus, Biology, Trigeminal Nuclei, Article, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Neural Pathways, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Axon, education, education.field_of_study, General Neuroscience, Superior colliculus, Subthalamus, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Receptive field, Vibrissae, Zona incerta, Female, Neuroscience, Nucleus
Abstract

In contrast to the restricted receptive field (RF) properties of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), neurons of the ventral thalamus zona incerta (ZI) have been shown to exhibit multiwhisker responses that vary from the ventral (ZIv) to the dorsal (ZId) subdivision. Differences in activity may arise from the trigeminal nuclear complex (TNC) and result from subnucleus specific inputs via certain cells of origin, axon distribution patterns, fiber densities, bouton sizes, or postsynaptic contact sites. We tested this hypothesis by assessing circuit relationships among TNC, ZI, and VPM. Results from tracer studies show that, 1) relative to ZId, the trigeminal projection to ZIv is denser and arises predominantly from the principalis (PrV) and interpolaris (SpVi) subdivisions; 2) the incertal projection from TNC subnuclei overlaps and covers most of ZIv; 3) two sets of PrV axons terminate in ZI: a major subtype, possessing bouton-like swellings, and a few fine fibers, with minimal specialization; 4) both PrV and SpVi terminals exhibit asymmetric endings and preferentially target dendrites of ZI neurons; 5) small and large neurons in PrV are labeled after retrograde injections into ZI; 6) small PrV cells with incertal projections form a population that is distinct from those projecting to VPM; and 7) approximately 30-50% of large cells in PrV send collaterals to ZI and VPM. These findings suggest that, 1) although information to ZI and VPM is essentially routed along separate TNC circuits, streams of somatosensory code converge in ZI to establish large RFs, and 2) subregional differences in ZI response profiles are attributable in part to TNC innervation density.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Testing and Evaluation of Silicon Die Strength

Author

Ming-Yi Tsai and C.S. Lin

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Test method, Structural engineering, Surface finish, Fatigue limit, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Die (integrated circuit), Stress field, Stress (mechanics), Surface roughness, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Failure mode and effects analysis
Abstract

In the applications of 3-D packages or stacked die packages, mostly the silicon wafers have to be ground thinner, and then the strengths of the dies from the wafers are needed for assuring good design and reliability of the packages. The purposes of this study are twofold: one is to attempt to develop a new, suitable test method for differentiating the factors that affect the variability of die strength, and the other is to investigate the failure and fatigue strengths of silicon dies. In this paper, a new test method, a plate-on-elastic-foundation test (PEFT) associated with point- or line-loading has been proposed and evaluated. It is found that the PEFT can provide not only a simple, chipping-free test for dummy or real IC chips without limitation of size, but also a (bi-axial) stress field similar to the temperature loading. The strength data of failures on IC and ground surfaces in real IC chips are presented. The good consistency of the die strength data with a minor scatter from both the point- and line-load tests is found for the specimens failed on IC surfaces, but not for the ones failed on the ground surfaces. The inconsistency of strength data from both tests for failure on ground surfaces is due to edge chipping involved. The large scatter is caused by the combined factors of the angle of grinding marks, planes of weakness of material, and loading stress states with uni-axial stress for line-load test and with unequal bi-axial stress for point-load test of rectangular specimens. The surface roughness of the dies (including the IC and ground surfaces) measured by atomic force microscopy is correlated with the failure modes and strengths from the tests. It is found that the silicon die strengths are dominated by the roughness on failure surfaces, and their failure modes always appear cracks along the directions parallel and normal to the edges of the die, which might be the weak plane of the crystal lattice of silicon. The specimens with artificial cracks have been further tested. It has been proved that the die strength dominated by the crack initiation depends on the most severe defect but not on the amount of the defects, and its failure mode is controlled by a special weak plane after the crack initiation. Conclusively, there are four factors to influence die strength: the surface conditions of the die (including grinding-mark direction and surface roughness), the edge crack of the die (so-called chipping created during the cutting process), the weak planes of the crystal lattice of silicon, and, sometimes, different tests with various loading conditions. The fatigue strength of the die is also determined to be about 25% lower than the static one.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results