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1. Wire-cell 3D pattern recognition techniques for neutrino event reconstruction in large LArTPCs: algorithm description and quantitative evaluation with MicroBooNE simulation

Author

P. Abratenko, R. An, J. Anthony, L. Arellano, J. Asaadi, A. Ashkenazi, S. Balasubramanian, B. Baller, C. Barnes, G. Barr, V. Basque, L. Bathe-Peters, O. Benevides Rodrigues, S. Berkman, A. Bhanderi, A. Bhat, M. Bishai, A. Blake, T. Bolton, J.Y. Book, L. Camilleri, D. Caratelli, I. Caro Terrazas, R. Castillo Fernandez, F. Cavanna, G. Cerati, Y. Chen, D. Cianci, J.M. Conrad, M. Convery, L. Cooper-Troendle, J.I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Del Tutto, S.R. Dennis, P. Detje, A. Devitt, R. Diurba, R. Dorrill, K. Duffy, S. Dytman, B. Eberly, A. Ereditato, J.J. Evans, R. Fine, G.A. Fiorentini Aguirre, R.S. Fitzpatrick, B.T. Fleming, N. Foppiani, D. Franco, A.P. Furmanski, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. Gardiner, G. Ge, S. Gollapinni, O. Goodwin, E. Gramellini, P. Green, H. Greenlee, W. Gu, R. Guenette, P. Guzowski, L. Hagaman, O. Hen, C. Hilgenberg, G.A. Horton-Smith, A. Hourlier, R. Itay, C. James, X. Ji, L. Jiang, J.H. Jo, R.A. Johnson, Y.-J. Jwa, D. Kalra, N. Kamp, N. Kaneshige, G. Karagiorgi, W. Ketchum, M. Kirby, T. Kobilarcik, I. Kreslo, R. LaZur, I. Lepetic, K. Li, Y. Li, K. Lin, B.R. Littlejohn, W.C. Louis, X. Luo, K. Manivannan, C. Mariani, D. Marsden, J. Marshall, D.A. Martinez Caicedo, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, N. McConkey, V. Meddage, T. Mettler, K. Miller, J. Mills, K. Mistry, A. Mogan, T. Mohayai, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A.F. Moor, C.D. Moore, L. Mora Lepin, J. Mousseau, M. Murphy, D. Naples, A. Navrer-Agasson, M. Nebot-Guinot, R.K. Neely, D.A. Newmark, J. Nowak, M. Nunes, O. Palamara, V. Paolone, A. Papadopoulou, V. Papavassiliou, S.F. Pate, N. Patel, A. Paudel, Z. Pavlovic, E. Piasetzky, I.D. Ponce-Pinto, S. Prince, X. Qian, J.L. Raaf, V. Radeka, A. Rafique, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, L. Ren, L.C.J. Rice, L. Rochester, J. Rodriguez Rondon, M. Rosenberg, M. Ross-Lonergan, G. Scanavini, D.W. Schmitz, A. Schukraft, W. Seligman, M.H. Shaevitz, R. Sharankova, J. Shi, J. Sinclair, A. Smith, E.L. Snider, M. Soderberg, S. Söldner-Rembold, P. Spentzouris, J. Spitz, M. Stancari, J. St. John, T. Strauss, K. Sutton, S. Sword-Fehlberg, A.M. Szelc, N. Tagg, W. Tang, K. Terao, C. Thorpe, D. Totani, M. Toups, Y.-T. Tsai, M.A. Uchida, T. Usher, W. Van De Pontseele, B. Viren, M. Weber, H. Wei, Z. Williams, S. Wolbers, T. Wongjirad, M. Wospakrik, K. Wresilo, N. Wright, W. Wu, E. Yandel, T. Yang, G. Yarbrough, L.E. Yates, H.W. Yu, G.P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, and C. Zhang

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 530 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Wire-Cell is a 3D event reconstruction package for liquid argon time projection chambers. Through geometry, time, and drifted charge from multiple readout wire planes, 3D space points with associated charge are reconstructed prior to the pattern recognition stage. Pattern recognition techniques, including track trajectory and dQ/dx (ionization charge per unit length) fitting, 3D neutrino vertex fitting, track and shower separation, particle-level clustering, and particle identification are then applied on these 3D space points as well as the original 2D projection measurements. A deep neural network is developed to enhance the reconstruction of the neutrino interaction vertex. Compared to traditional algorithms, the deep neural network boosts the vertex efficiency by a relative 30% for charged-current νe interactions. This pattern recognition achieves 80–90% reconstruction efficiencies for primary leptons, after a 65.8% (72.9%) vertex efficiency for charged-current νe (νμ) interactions. Based on the resulting reconstructed particles and their kinematics, we also achieve 15-20% energy reconstruction resolutions for charged-current neutrino interactions.

Published
2022
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2. Electromagnetic Shower Reconstruction and Energy Validation with Michel Electrons and $\pi^0$ Samples for the Deep-Learning-Based Analyses in MicroBooNE

Author

P. Abratenko, R. An, J. Anthony, L. Arellano, J. Asaadi, A. Ashkenazi, S. Balasubramanian, B. Baller, C. Barnes, G. Barr, V. Basque, L. Bathe-Peters, O. Benevides Rodrigues, S. Berkman, A. Bhanderi, A. Bhat, M. Bishai, A. Blake, T. Bolton, J.Y. Book, L. Camilleri, D. Caratelli, I. Caro Terrazas, R. Castillo Fernandez, F. Cavanna, G. Cerati, Y. Chen, D. Cianci, J.M. Conrad, M. Convery, L. Cooper-Troendle, J.I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Del Tutto, S.R. Dennis, P. Detje, A. Devitt, R. Diurba, R. Dorrill, K. Duffy, S. Dytman, B. Eberly, A. Ereditato, J.J. Evans, R. Fine, G.A. Fiorentini Aguirre, R.S. Fitzpatrick, B.T. Fleming, N. Foppiani, D. Franco, A.P. Furmanski, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. Gardiner, G. Ge, S. Gollapinni, O. Goodwin, E. Gramellini, P. Green, H. Greenlee, W. Gu, R. Guenette, P. Guzowski, L. Hagaman, O. Hen, C. Hilgenberg, G.A. Horton-Smith, A. Hourlier, R. Itay, C. James, X. Ji, L. Jiang, J.H. Jo, R.A. Johnson, Y.-J. Jwa, D. Kalra, N. Kamp, N. Kaneshige, G. Karagiorgi, W. Ketchum, M. Kirby, T. Kobilarcik, I. Kreslo, R. LaZur, I. Lepetic, K. Li, Y. Li, K. Lin, B.R. Littlejohn, W.C. Louis, X. Luo, K. Manivannan, C. Mariani, D. Marsden, J. Marshall, D.A. Martinez Caicedo, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, N. McConkey, V. Meddage, T. Mettler, K. Miller, J. Mills, K. Mistry, A. Mogan, T. Mohayai, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A.F. Moor, C.D. Moore, L. Mora Lepin, J. Mousseau, M. Murphy, D. Naples, A. Navrer-Agasson, M. Nebot-Guinot, R.K. Neely, D.A. Newmark, J. Nowak, M. Nunes, O. Palamara, V. Paolone, A. Papadopoulou, V. Papavassiliou, S.F. Pate, N. Patel, A. Paudel, Z. Pavlovic, E. Piasetzky, I.D. Ponce-Pinto, S. Prince, X. Qian, J.L. Raaf, V. Radeka, A. Rafique, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, L. Ren, L.C.J. Rice, L. Rochester, J. Rodriguez Rondon, M. Rosenberg, M. Ross-Lonergan, G. Scanavini, D.W. Schmitz, A. Schukraft, W. Seligman, M.H. Shaevitz, R. Sharankova, J. Shi, J. Sinclair, A. Smith, E.L. Snider, M. Soderberg, S. Söldner-Rembold, P. Spentzouris, J. Spitz, M. Stancari, J. St., T. Strauss, K. Sutton, S. Sword-Fehlberg, A.M. Szelc, N. Tagg, W. Tang, K. Terao, C. Thorpe, D. Totani, M. Toups, Y.-T. Tsai, M.A. Uchida, T. Usher, W. Van De Pontseele, B. Viren, M. Weber, H. Wei, Z. Williams, S. Wolbers, T. Wongjirad, M. Wospakrik, K. Wresilo, N. Wright, W. Wu, E. Yandel, T. Yang, G. Yarbrough, L.E. Yates, H.W. Yu, G.P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, C. Zhang, and Collaboration, The MicroBooNE

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This article presents the reconstruction of the electromagnetic activity from electrons and photons (showers) used in the MicroBooNE deep learning-based low energy electron search. The reconstruction algorithm uses a combination of traditional and deep learning-based techniques to estimate shower energies. We validate these predictions using two $\nu_{\mu}$-sourced data samples: charged/neutral current interactions with final state neutral pions and charged current interactions in which the muon stops and decays within the detector producing a Michel electron. Both the neutral pion sample and Michel electron sample demonstrate agreement between data and simulation. Further, the absolute shower energy scale is shown to be consistent with the relevant physical constant of each sample: the neutral pion mass peak and the Michel energy cutoff., Comment: 27 pages; matches published version

Published
2021

3. Measurement of Space Charge Effects in the MicroBooNE LArTPC Using Cosmic Muons

Author

M. Soderberg, G. A. Fiorentini Aguirre, Or Hen, Janet Conrad, B.T. Fleming, Z. Williams, R. S. Fitzpatrick, A. Mastbaum, E.-C. Huang, A. Mogan, M. Del Tutto, M. E. Convery, G. Karagiorgi, S. Berkman, C. Barnes, A. Rafique, N. McConkey, Andrew Smith, I. Kreslo, R. K. Neely, S. Wolbers, R. T. Thornton, A. Marchionni, P. Abratenko, P. Nienaber, A. Bhat, Yang Li, S. Dytman, D. Garcia-Gamez, Antonio Ereditato, A. P. Furmanski, V. Meddage, G. P. Zeller, R. Castillo Fernandez, B. Eberly, M. A. Uchida, Panagiotis Spentzouris, Ornella Palamara, R. A. Johnson, M. Rosenberg, T. Mettler, John Marshall, L. Ren, H. Y. Wei, L. Escudero Sanchez, B. Russell, O. Goodwin, Afroditi Papadopoulou, W. Ketchum, A. Hourlier, H. E. Rogers, J. Anthony, I. Lepetic, D. Cianci, L. Cooper-Troendle, L. Domine, Avi Ashkenazi, K. E. Duffy, J. Martín-Albo, O. Benevides Rodrigues, R. Diurba, E.L. Snider, S. F. Pate, Xin Qian, R. Guenette, J. Zennamo, T. A. Mohayai, D. Porzio, J. Mills, K. Mistry, Xiaolu Ji, Y.-J. Jwa, L. Rochester, M. H. Shaevitz, J. St. John, M. Bishai, C.D. Moore, J. Moon, I. Caro Terrazas, A. M. Szelc, A. Navrer-Agasson, P. M. Hamilton, A. Bhanderi, W. Van De Pontseele, S. Sword-Fehlberg, T. Yang, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, F. Cavanna, Veljko Radeka, John Evans, J. Rodriguez Rondon, C. James, S. Söldner-Rembold, T. Wongjirad, V. Papavassiliou, M. Mooney, V. Paolone, D. Naples, J. L. Raaf, V. Basque, Wei Wu, M. Ross-Lonergan, Thomas Strauss, S. Gollapinni, William Tang, R. An, B. R. Littlejohn, W. C. Louis, M. Wospakrik, D. Devitt, M. Toups, L. Gu, Patrick Green, L. Bathe-Peters, L.E. Yates, J. Jan de Vries, A. F. Moor, Michael H Kirby, T. Kobilarcik, G. Yarbrough, J. Asaadi, G. Scanavini, D. Franco, I. Ponce-Pinto, Kate C. Miller, T. Usher, X. Luo, R. G. Van de Water, B. Baller, L. Camilleri, J. Sinclair, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, W. Gu, R. Dorrill, D. W. Schmitz, R. LaZur, K. Mason, Andrew Blake, C. Thorpe, L. Jiang, K. Li, J. A. Nowak, Marc Weber, S. Tufanli, N. Foppiani, C. Mariani, D. Lorca, S. Prince, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, Yi Chen, Kazuhiro Terao, H. Greenlee, R. Sharankova, G. A. Horton-Smith, A. Paudel, E. Piasetzky, A. Schukraft, K. Sutton, B. Kirby, T. Bolton, E. Hall, Michael T. Murphy, Z. Pavlovic, D. Marsden, M. Alrashed, J. Spitz, Chao Zhang, P. Guzowski, R. Itay, E. Gramellini, S. Marcocci, M. Stancari, S. Balasubramanian, Y.-T. Tsai, N. Kamp, Eliahu Cohen, E. Church, N. Tagg, J. H. Jo, G.D. Barr, D. Caratelli, Steven Gardiner, S.R. Soleti, B. Viren, and J. Mousseau

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 530 Physics, Monte Carlo method, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Cosmic ray, Electron, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 530 Physik, 01 natural sciences, Space charge, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Computational physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 03 medical and health sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0302 clinical medicine, Electric field, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Large liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs), especially those operating near the surface, are susceptible to space charge effects. In the context of LArTPCs, the space charge effect is the build-up of slow-moving positive ions in the detector primarily due to ionization from cosmic rays, leading to a distortion of the electric field within the detector. This effect leads to a displacement in the reconstructed position of signal ionization electrons in LArTPC detectors ("spatial distortions"), as well as to variations in the amount of electron-ion recombination experienced by ionization throughout the volume of the TPC. We present techniques that can be used to measure and correct for space charge effects in large LArTPCs by making use of cosmic muons, including the use of track pairs to unambiguously pin down spatial distortions in three dimensions. The performance of these calibration techniques are studied using both Monte Carlo simulation and MicroBooNE data, utilizing a UV laser system as a means to estimate the systematic bias associated with the calibration methodology., Comment: 38 pages, 25 figures

Published
2020

4. The environmental impact of rearing crickets for live pet food in the UK, and implications of a transition to a hybrid business model combining production for live pet food with production for human consumption

Author

Angela Druckman, C.D Moore, Daniel J. Driscoll, and James Rowland Suckling

Subjects
Consumption (economics), ILCD, 05 social sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Business model, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural economics, Pet food, Production model, 050501 criminology, Production (economics), Environmental impact assessment, Business, Life-cycle assessment, 0505 law, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Purpose Rearing crickets in the UK for the live pet food market is already a well-established industry. However, there is interest in also producing food for human consumption. This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a current live pet food business. Using results from this LCA, the papers explores how current business practices could be improved to reduce environmental impacts, and discusses the potential benefits of a hybrid live pet food/human consumption business model. Methods An attributional, cradle-to-farm-gate life cycle assessment was conducted on rearing crickets for the live pet food market, with data collected on-site at a case study business. Results are reported in multiple impact categories from the ILCD 2011 Midpoint+ method. Comparison is made to the only other similar study: an LCA of rearing crickets in Thailand for human consumption (Halloran et al. J Clean Prod 156:83–94, 2017). The sources of the different environmental impacts between the two studies are explored and inefficiencies in the live pet food rearing process identified. Subsequently, scenarios are used to explore how the inefficiencies may be mitigated, and environmental impact of the live pet food production process reduced through adoption of a hybrid live pet food/human food production model. Results and discussions The environmental impact was found to be larger across all impact categories than the only known comparable study, which is for rearing crickets in Thailand for human consumption (Halloran et al. J Clean Prod 156:83–94, 2017). Some of this difference is due to the heating required for rearing crickets in a climate such as the UK, and some is due to the requirements of the live pet food market being much more demanding on resources than the human food model. The current study identifies improvements in practices that would make this contrast less stark, such as optimizing feeding practices, and the benefits of moving to a hybrid live pet food/human consumption business model. Conclusions This is the first LCA of crickets reared in the UK. The results highlight inefficiencies in the rearing process that are now being addressed by the case study business. The study also shows the potential co-benefits of a hybrid business model, in which crickets for human consumption are produced alongside crickets for the live pet food market.

Published
2020

5. Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons Decaying into Muon-Pion Pairs in the MicroBooNE Detector

Author

A. Mogan, T. Wongjirad, Michael H Kirby, Kazuhiro Terao, A. Paudel, E. Piasetzky, Sanchez, K. Mason, R. K. Neely, B. Russell, D. Cianci, M. Wospakrik, T. Kobilarcik, H. E. Rogers, S. Lockwitz, A. P. Furmanski, R. G. Van de Water, Vishvas Pandey, Afroditi Papadopoulou, W. Ketchum, J. C. Mills, J. A. Nowak, Janet Conrad, Yi Chen, Serhan Tufanli, L. Camilleri, T. Yang, V. Basque, Xiaolu Ji, A. M. Szelc, A. Mastbaum, B. R. Littlejohn, A. Bhanderi, M. Bishai, M. Ross-Lonergan, E.L. Snider, S. Sword-Fehlberg, L.S. Rochester, T. L. Usher, Panagiotis Spentzouris, A. Hourlier, G. Scanavini, Eliahu Cohen, J. Asaadi, Kate C. Miller, Steven Gardiner, S.R. Soleti, B. Viren, J. Zennamo, Laura Dominé, J. Moon, Thomas Strauss, D. Garcia-Gamez, Paul J. Green, S. F. Pate, S. Wolbers, R. Murrells, C.D. Moore, Veljko Radeka, K. P. Mistry, D. Lorca, L. Gu, O. Palamara, Z. Pavlovic, B. Baller, J. Mousseau, D. Franco, A. Rafique, X. Luo, C. Rudolf von Rohr, P. Abratenko, M. E. Convery, S. Balasubramanian, D. Devitt, H. Y. Wei, E.-C. Huang, Chao Zhang, C. James, V. Papavassiliou, M. Mooney, G. A. Horton-Smith, Or Hen, D.W. Schmitz, R. Castillo Fernandez, B. Lundberg, M. Del Tutto, P. Nienaber, Y. T. Tsai, Yang Li, B. Eberly, M. Alrashed, M. A. Uchida, R. A. Johnson, J. R. Sinclair, Z. Williams, A. Marchionni, D. A. Wickremasinghe, M. Luethi, William Tang, T. Mettler, John Marshall, S. Gollapinni, G. Yarbrough, Rod Thornton, R. LaZur, M. Weber, L. Cooper-Troendle, S. Dytman, Alison Lister, N. McConkey, W. Van De Pontseele, V. Genty, L. Escudero, J. Anthony, M. H. Shaevitz, I. Caro Terrazas, Antonio Ereditato, Craig L. Hill, P. M. Hamilton, D. Porzio, D. Naples, W. C. Louis, J. Joshi, I. Lepetic, Cris W. Barnes, W. G. Seligman, E. Church, N. Tagg, J. H. Jo, J. Spitz, G.D. Barr, J. St. John, D. Caratelli, G. Karagiorgi, D. Goeldi, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, N. Foppiani, C. Mariani, B.T. Fleming, W. Q. Gu, R. S. Fitzpatrick, H. Greenlee, L. Ren, K. Sutton, B. Kirby, J. Martin-Albo, T. Bolton, S. Berkman, J. Jan de Vries, G. P. Zeller, I. Kreslo, M. Toups, Andrew Blake, L. Jiang, S. Marcocci, R. An, Adi Ashkenazi, P. Guzowski, R. Itay, S. Söldner-Rembold, Sebastien Prince, M. Soderberg, J. L. Raaf, R. Sharankova, A. Schukraft, R. Guenette, F. Cavanna, Wei Wu, L.E. Yates, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, V. Meddage, O. Goodwin, A. Bhat, A. M. Smith, V. Paolone, Y.-J. Jwa, K. Woodruff, John Evans, K. E. Duffy, Xin Qian, T. A. Mohayai, G. Pulliam, E. Gramellini, M. Stancari, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 530 Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutrino beam, 530 Physik, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Lepton
Abstract

This document was prepared by the MicroBooNE Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. MicroBooNE is supported by the following: the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of the United Kingdom Research and Innovation; and The Royal Society (United Kingdom). Additional support for the laser calibration system and cosmic ray tagger was provided by the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Bern, Switzerland., We present upper limits on the production of heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) decaying to μπ pairs using data collected with the MicroBooNE liquid-argon time projection chamber (TPC) operating at Fermilab. This search is the first of its kind performed in a liquid-argon TPC. We use data collected in 2017 and 2018 corresponding to an exposure of 2.0×1020 protons on target from the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which produces mainly muon neutrinos with an average energy of ≈800 MeV. HNLs with higher mass are expected to have a longer time of flight to the liquid-argon TPC than Standard Model neutrinos. The data are therefore recorded with a dedicated trigger configured to detect HNL decays that occur after the neutrino spill reaches the detector. We set upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the element |Uμ4|2 of the extended PMNS mixing matrix in the range |Uμ4|2, Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359

Published
2020
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6. Rejecting cosmic background for exclusive charged current quasi elastic neutrino interaction studies with Liquid Argon TPCs; a case study with the MicroBooNE detector

Author

G. Karagiorgi, P. Nienaber, K. Woodruff, C. Barnes, A. Rafique, William Tang, M. Toups, D. Devitt, R. An, R. Castillo Fernandez, P. M. Hamilton, M. E. Convery, Ornella Palamara, R. A. Johnson, G. Scanavini, J. Martín-Albo, E.L. Snider, M. A. Thomson, Xiaolu Ji, Kazuhiro Terao, G. H. Collin, D. Lorca, J. Jan de Vries, E. Piasetzky, A.A. Fadeeva, B.T. Fleming, J. Joshi, D. Naples, A. M. Szelc, S. Sword-Fehlberg, D. Cianci, S. Wolbers, K. Mistry, Andrew Blake, R. S. Fitzpatrick, J. Hewes, R. Murrells, W. C. Louis, Thomas Strauss, L. Jiang, C. Mariani, G. A. Horton-Smith, Michael H Kirby, C. Rudolf von Rohr, H. Y. Wei, L. Escudero Sanchez, G. Yarbrough, C.D. Moore, T. Usher, Andrew Smith, H. Greenlee, M. Alrashed, K. Sutton, V. Paolone, A. Mastbaum, A. P. Furmanski, B. Kirby, B. Baller, I. Kreslo, R. G. Van de Water, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, J. Zennamo, S. Marcocci, T. Bolton, C. Adams, Vishvas Pandey, L. Ren, B. Eberly, W. G. Seligman, S. Balasubramanian, A. Lister, L. Cooper-Troendle, T. Wongjirad, K. Bhattacharya, L. Camilleri, J. A. Nowak, W. Van De Pontseele, B. Lundberg, B. R. Littlejohn, M. Ross-Lonergan, J. Anthony, D. Goeldi, Yang Li, S. Dytman, G. P. Zeller, T. Mettler, John Marshall, T. Yang, J. Esquivel, M. Luethi, I. Lepetic, J. St. John, Janet Conrad, Martin Auger, L.E. Yates, D.A. Wickremasinghe, Panagiotis Spentzouris, Avi Ashkenazi, R. T. Thornton, Eliahu Cohen, M. Soderberg, F. Bay, J. Asaadi, J. Spitz, Marc Weber, Or Hen, J. Moon, L. Rochester, V. Genty, J. Sinclair, Z. Williams, D. Porzio, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, K. Wierman, S. Tufanli, D. W. Schmitz, Alejandro Diaz, B. Russell, S. Söldner-Rembold, M. H. Shaevitz, I. Caro Terrazas, Chao Zhang, H. Jostlein, T. Kobilarcik, Y.-J. Jwa, X. Luo, Z. Pavlovic, A. Hourlier, J. L. Raaf, S. Lockwitz, D. Garcia-Gamez, R. Grosso, V. Meddage, A. Bhat, O. Goodwin, S. F. Pate, R. Guenette, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Gollapinni, F. Cavanna, J. J. Evans, R. Sharankova, A. Schukraft, Yi Chen, E.-C. Huang, S.R. Soleti, B. Viren, J. Mousseau, A. Marchionni, Afroditi Papadopoulou, W. Ketchum, M. Del Tutto, K. E. Duffy, Xin Qian, R. Carr, Antonio Ereditato, Craig L. Hill, M. Bishai, Michael T. Murphy, M. Bass, E. Church, N. Tagg, G.D. Barr, E. Gramellini, D. Caratelli, A. Hackenburg, Y.-T. Tsai, P. Guzowski, G. Pulliam, D. Franco, A. Mogan, C. James, V. Papavassiliou, and M. Mooney

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 530 Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cosmic background radiation, lcsh:Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Engineering (miscellaneous), Event (particle physics), Charged current
Abstract

Cosmic ray (CR) interactions can be a challenging source of background for neutrino oscillation and cross-section measurements in surface detectors. We present methods for CR rejection in measurements of charged-current quasielastic-like (CCQE-like) neutrino interactions, with a muon and a proton in the final state, measured using liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). Using a sample of cosmic data collected with the MicroBooNE detector, mixed with simulated neutrino scattering events, a set of event selection criteria is developed that produces an event sample with minimal contribution from CR background. Depending on the selection criteria used a purity between 50 and 80% can be achieved with a signal selection efficiency between 50 and 25%, with higher purity coming at the expense of lower efficiency. While using a specific dataset and selection criteria values optimized for the MicroBooNE detector, the concepts presented here are generic and can be adapted for various studies of exclusive $$\nu _{\mu }$$ ν μ CCQE interactions in LArTPCs.

Published
2019

7. Ionization electron signal processing in single phase LArTPCs: Part II: Data/simulation comparison and performance in MicroBooNE

Author

J. Joshi, B. Russell, J. Hewes, S. Marcocci, M. Bass, E. Church, N. Tagg, D.A. Wickremasinghe, B. Baller, J. L. Raaf, K. Bhattacharya, G.D. Barr, M. Dolce, D. Kaleko, D. Caratelli, G. Karagiorgi, P. Nienaber, K. Woodruff, G. Pulliam, Y.-T. Tsai, J. J. Evans, S. Lockwitz, A. Hackenburg, C. Barnes, A. Rafique, M. Ross-Lonergan, G. P. Zeller, T. Mettler, John Marshall, G. B. Mills, Andrew Smith, G. Yarbrough, I. Kreslo, Yi Chen, T. Usher, M. Del Tutto, D. Porzio, D. Devitt, Afroditi Papadopoulou, W. Ketchum, Michael T. Murphy, A. Bhat, B. R. Littlejohn, H. S. Chen, S. Tufanli, Alejandro Diaz, S. Söldner-Rembold, T. Wongjirad, Antonio Ereditato, E. Gramellini, R. An, R. Castillo Fernandez, R. Carr, M. Bishai, A.A. Fadeeva, C.D. Moore, F. Bay, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, J. Jan de Vries, Ornella Palamara, R. A. Johnson, Veljko Radeka, J. Asaadi, L. Camilleri, C. Rudolf von Rohr, R. Murrells, S. Balasubramanian, A. Lister, D. Garcia-Gamez, H. Y. Wei, L. Escudero Sanchez, Andrew Blake, L. Jiang, A. Mastbaum, D. Lorca, D. Cianci, X. Luo, Yang Li, E.-C. Huang, Xin Qian, S. F. Pate, A. Mogan, W. Foreman, V. Paolone, M. Luethi, L. Rochester, Marc Weber, C. Mariani, S.R. Soleti, B. Viren, C. Adams, J. Mousseau, M. Soderberg, A. Marchionni, K. Wierman, P. Guzowski, L. Cooper-Troendle, H. Greenlee, T. Yang, V. Meddage, W. Van De Pontseele, B.T. Fleming, Or Hen, C. James, Z. Williams, V. Papavassiliou, A. Schukraft, M. Mooney, K. Sutton, B. Kirby, A. P. Furmanski, A. Hourlier, T. Bolton, Y.-J. Jwa, Bo Yu, Z. Pavlovic, S. Wolbers, B. Lundberg, J. St. John, A. M. Szelc, S. Sword-Fehlberg, Thomas Strauss, E. Cohen, Colin Hill, P. M. Hamilton, B. Eberly, J. Anthony, D. Naples, E.L. Snider, W. C. Louis, S. Dytman, M. Toups, V. Genty, Michael H Kirby, M. H. Shaevitz, I. Caro Terrazas, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, M. E. Convery, T. Kobilarcik, C. Zhang, R. Grosso, W. G. Seligman, D. Goeldi, J. Zennamo, G. H. Collin, G. A. Horton-Smith, L.E. Yates, J. Ho, J. Sinclair, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, J. Esquivel, Janet Conrad, Panagiotis Spentzouris, D. W. Schmitz, Martin Auger, J. Moon, T. Miceli, R. G. Van de Water, Vishvas Pandey, W. Tang, J. A. Nowak, G. T. Garvey, H. Jostlein, R. Guenette, S. Gollapinni, M. A. Thomson, Kazuhiro Terao, F. Cavanna, E. Piasetzky, J. Spitz, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Data processing Methods, Neutrino detectors, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Time projection Chambers (TPC), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Signal processing, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), business
Abstract

The single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) provides a large amount of detailed information in the form of fine-grained drifted ionization charge from particle traces. To fully utilize this information, the deposited charge must be accurately extracted from the raw digitized waveforms via a robust signal processing chain. Enabled by the ultra-low noise levels associated with cryogenic electronics in the MicroBooNE detector, the precise extraction of ionization charge from the induction wire planes in a single-phase LArTPC is qualitatively demonstrated on MicroBooNE data with event display images, and quantitatively demonstrated via waveform-level and track-level metrics. Improved performance of induction plane calorimetry is demonstrated through the agreement of extracted ionization charge measurements across different wire planes for various event topologies. In addition to the comprehensive waveform-level comparison of data and simulation, a calibration of the cryogenic electronics response is presented and solutions to various MicroBooNE-specific TPC issues are discussed. This work presents an important improvement in LArTPC signal processing, the foundation of reconstruction and therefore physics analyses in MicroBooNE., Comment: 54 pages, 36 figures; the first part of this work can be found at arXiv:1802.08709

Published
2018

8. Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs I. Algorithm Description and Quantitative Evaluation with MicroBooNE Simulation

Author

W. Foreman, V. Paolone, A. Hourlier, T. Kobilarcik, Colin Hill, H. S. Chen, Bo Yu, C. Zhang, D.A. Wickremasinghe, L.E. Yates, J. Ho, L. Bagby, T. Miceli, A. P. Furmanski, S. Marcocci, T. Yang, K. Bhattacharya, R. Grosso, J. Sinclair, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, T. Wongjirad, M. Soderberg, R. G. Van de Water, C.D. Moore, J. Jan de Vries, Vishvas Pandey, Afroditi Papadopoulou, W. Ketchum, B.T. Fleming, D. W. Schmitz, S. Dytman, D. Cianci, A. Bhat, L. Camilleri, J. L. Raaf, D. Kaleko, Veljko Radeka, D. Devitt, W. Tang, E.-C. Huang, J. A. Nowak, Or Hen, G. B. Mills, M. Del Tutto, V. Genty, Z. Williams, R. Guenette, K. Wierman, A.A. Fadeeva, L. Rochester, Marc Weber, A. Marchionni, S. Balasubramanian, A. Lister, B. Eberly, Andrew Blake, L. Jiang, Antonio Ereditato, J. Esquivel, J. Anthony, R. Murrells, M. H. Shaevitz, F. Cavanna, Michael T. Murphy, M. Bishai, A. Diaz, Panagiotis Spentzouris, C. Barnes, P. M. Hamilton, E. Cohen, A. Rafique, F. Bay, J. Moon, C. Rudolf von Rohr, H. Y. Wei, Michael H Kirby, Y.-J. Jwa, G. Karagiorgi, P. Nienaber, L. Escudero Sanchez, A. Mastbaum, B. Lundberg, D. Naples, S.R. Soleti, B. Viren, K. Woodruff, R. Castillo Fernandez, A. M. Szelc, C. Mariani, T. Usher, D. Lorca, E. Gramellini, Ornella Palamara, R. A. Johnson, J. Mousseau, W. C. Louis, S. Sword-Fehlberg, Andrew Smith, Z. Pavlovic, H. Greenlee, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, K. Sutton, B. Kirby, C. Adams, M. Bass, E. Church, Y.-T. Tsai, I. Kreslo, P. Guzowski, Thomas Strauss, C. E. Thorn, V. Meddage, A. Schukraft, N. Tagg, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, G.D. Barr, L. Cooper-Troendle, T. Bolton, Yang Li, X. Luo, W. Van De Pontseele, M. Ross-Lonergan, D. Caratelli, J. St. John, M. Luethi, A. Hackenburg, M. A. Thomson, Kazuhiro Terao, E. Piasetzky, G. Yarbrough, G. Pulliam, J. J. Evans, S. Wolbers, Yi Chen, Xin Qian, R. An, G. H. Collin, G. A. Horton-Smith, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Asaadi, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. F. Pate, Janet Conrad, C. James, V. Papavassiliou, M. Mooney, Martin Auger, J. Spitz, B. Russell, S. Lockwitz, W. G. Seligman, M. E. Convery, G. T. Garvey, H. Jostlein, D. Goeldi, J. Zennamo, S. Gollapinni, M. Toups, E.L. Snider, G. P. Zeller, John Marshall, D. Porzio, S. Tufanli, S. Söldner-Rembold, J. Joshi, J. Hewes, A. Mogan, B. Baller, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Collin, G. H., Conrad, Janet Marie, Diaz, Alejandro, Hen, Or, Hourlier, Adrien C., Moon, Jarrett S., Papadopoulou, Afroditi, and Yates, Lauren Elizabeth

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chambers, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Waveform, Neutrino detectors, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Signal processing, Time projection chamber, Tomographic reconstruction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Data processing methods, Deconvolution, Algorithm
Abstract

We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of the charge extraction procedure are also discussed. Keywords: MicroBooNE, Signal Processing, Deconvolution, ROI, United States. Department of Energy. High Energy Physics Division, National Science Foundation (U.S.), Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (Great Britain), Royal Society (Great Britain)

Published
2018

9. The Pandora multi-algorithm approach to automated pattern recognition of cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector

Author

D. Cianci, A. P. Furmanski, B. Russell, R. Acciarri, W. G. Seligman, B. Eberly, J. Anthony, J. L. Raaf, H. S. Chen, D. Goeldi, C. Adams, D. Kaleko, J. Zennamo, A. Hourlier, M. Auger, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. F. Pate, C. James, T. Kobilarcik, B. R. Littlejohn, V. Papavassiliou, G. H. Collin, M. Mooney, J. Joshi, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, J. Asaadi, C. Zhang, D. Lorca, W. Ketchum, R. Guenette, F. Bay, T. Miceli, T. Usher, R. G. Van de Water, Michael H Kirby, R. Grosso, G. A. Horton-Smith, B. Baller, L. Bagby, C. Barnes, A. Rafique, B. Lundberg, E. Gramellini, M. Bishai, E. Cohen, J. A. Nowak, F. Cavanna, G. T. Garvey, Z. Pavlovic, Y.-T. Tsai, E.-C. Huang, P. M. Hamilton, G. Karagiorgi, M. Luethi, P. Nienaber, Janet Conrad, J. Esquivel, Panagiotis Spentzouris, G. P. Zeller, T. Wongjirad, J. St. John, Xin Qian, R. Castillo Fernandez, K. Woodruff, X. Luo, John Marshall, A. M. Szelc, Ornella Palamara, R. A. Johnson, J. Moon, Colin Hill, A. Marchionni, D. Naples, J. Ho, G. B. Mills, A. Schukraft, E.L. Snider, W. C. Louis, H. Jöstlein, S. Gollapinni, D. Porzio, C. Mariani, H. Greenlee, C.-M. Jen, Luke A. Yates, Thomas Strauss, M. A. Thomson, J. Sinclair, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, R. An, J. Hewes, T. Yang, S. Tufanli, W. Foreman, V. Paolone, Kazuhiro Terao, B. Kirby, E. Piasetzky, B.T. Fleming, S. Dytman, T. Bolton, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Graf, D. W. Schmitz, J. Jan de Vries, D. Devitt, M. Soderberg, B. Carls, V. Genty, Andrew Blake, L. Jiang, A. Laube, G. Pulliam, M. H. Shaevitz, L. Camilleri, M. Toups, J. Spitz, Or Hen, Marc Weber, M. E. Convery, Andrew Smith, I. Kreslo, S.R. Soleti, B. Viren, J. Mousseau, M. Del Tutto, C. Rudolf von Rohr, Antonio Ereditato, L. Escudero Sanchez, M. Bass, E. Church, N. Tagg, G.D. Barr, D. Caratelli, A. Hackenburg, Yang Li, W. Van De Pontseele, C.D. Moore, S. Lockwitz, S. Balasubramanian, A. Lister, S. Wolbers, V. Meddage, D.A. Wickremasinghe, L. Rochester, A.A. Fadeeva, R. Murrells, Collin, G. H., Conrad, Janet Marie, Hen, Or, Hourlier, Adrien C., Moon, J., Wongjirad, Taritree, and Yates, Lauren Elizabeth

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Exploit, Regular Article - Experimental Physics, lcsh:Astrophysics, computer.software_genre, Network topology, 01 natural sciences, Task (project management), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), QC, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Event (computing), Detector, Software development, Pattern recognition, Advanced software [3], Pattern recognition (psychology), lcsh:QC770-798, Data mining, Artificial intelligence, Neutrino, business, computer, Algorithm
Abstract

The development and operation of liquid-argon time-projection chambers for neutrino physics has created a need for new approaches to pattern recognition in order to fully exploit the imaging capabilities offered by this technology. Whereas the human brain can excel at identifying features in the recorded events, it is a significant challenge to develop an automated, algorithmic solution. The Pandora Software Development Kit provides functionality to aid the design and implementation of pattern-recognition algorithms. It promotes the use of a multi-algorithm approach to pattern recognition, in which individual algorithms each address a specific task in a particular topology. Many tens of algorithms then carefully build up a picture of the event and, together, provide a robust automated pattern-recognition solution. This paper describes details of the chain of over one hundred Pandora algorithms and tools used to reconstruct cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector. Metrics that assess the current pattern-recognition performance are presented for simulated MicroBooNE events, using a selection of final-state event topologies.

Published
2018

10. Precision measurement of the speed of propagation of neutrinos using the MINOS detectors

Author

B. Fonville, L. Mualem, R. B. Patterson, S.R. Jefferts, S. R. Hahn, Philip D Adamson, R. Toner, B. Rebel, K. Lang, G. J. Bock, J. K. de Jong, M. Bishai, W. H. Miller, S. C. Tognini, Ed Powers, S. Moed Sher, M. D. Messier, V. Zhang, Z. Isvan, A. McKinley, P. J. Litchfield, H. R. Gallagher, Andrew Blake, J. Hylen, N. Tagg, G. M. Irwin, K. Ridl, S. Phan-Budd, A. Sousa, A. Timmons, G.D. Barr, Junwei Huang, Carlos Escobar, R. L. Talaga, T. Kafka, R. B. Pahlka, G. J. Feldman, C. Rosenfeld, J. Hirschauer, R. K. Plunkett, M. V. Frohne, N. E. Devenish, A. E. Kreymer, W. A. Mann, A. Holin, J. Schneps, A. Perch, Demetrios Matsakis, Marvin L Marshak, S. R. Mishra, R. A. Gomes, Thomas E. Parker, R. J. Nichol, P. Vahle, X. Qiu, Juergen Thomas, L. H. Whitehead, S. V. Cao, J. J. Evans, M. C. Sanchez, I. Anghel, P. Gouffon, D. Bogert, G. Koizumi, J. K. Nelson, R. Zwaska, M. Orchanian, Harvey B Newman, R. Mehdiyev, Leigh H. Whitehead, N. Mayer, D. A. Jensen, Alec Habig, Neil Ashby, Gregory J Pawloski, N. Poonthottathil, J. M. Paley, K. Grzelak, C. James, R. Gran, A. V. Devan, D. Cronin-Hennessy, C.D. Moore, J. A. Nowak, Joao A B Coelho, Maury Goodman, M. A. Thomson, B. Viren, Stanley G. Wojcicki, Rakesh Sharma, J. O'Connor, Adam Aurisano, A. C. Weber, M. V. Diwan, S. M S Kasahara, L. Corwin, A. Radovic, M. M. Medeiros, S. Mitchell, R. Bumgarner, A. Schreckenberger, E. Falk, J. R. Meier, N. Graf, Stefania Romisch, R. C. Webb, J. Urheim, R. Hatcher, J. A. Musser, C. White, J. L. Wright, X. Tian, D. Torretta, M. Kordosky, J. Hartnell, H. A. Rubin, P. Schreiner, C. M. Castromonte, S. Childress, C. L. McGivern, D. Naples, and P. Lucas

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Speed of light (cellular automaton), NuMI, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), MINOS, Measurements of neutrino speed, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Neutrino, QC, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We report a two-detector measurement of the propagation speed of neutrinos over a baseline of 734 km. The measurement was made with the NuMI beam at Fermilab between the near and far MINOS detectors. The fractional difference between the neutrino speed and the speed of light is determined to be $(v/c-1) = (1.0 \pm 1.1) \times 10^{-6}$, consistent with relativistic neutrinos., 10 pages, six figures, after refereeing re-submitted to PRD

Published
2015

11. The passenger aircraft cargo hold environment: the implications of a fire on lithium-ion battery shipments

Author

C.D. Moore and C.J. Mikolajczak

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Fire test, Engineering, business.industry, Aerospace Engineering, Context (language use), Lithium-ion battery, Automotive engineering, Aerospace testing, Aeronautics, Space and Planetary Science, Fire protection, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

Although very rare events, fires in aircraft cargo holds are a concern for regulators, aircraft operators, and passengers. Lithium-ion cells and batteries are often shipped as cargo aboard passenger aircraft. This paper provides an overview of cargo hold configurations and fire suppression systems in passenger aircraft. Next, ways in which a cargo hold fire might affect a shipment of lithium-ion cells or batteries, and the degree to which the cells or batteries might interact with a fire are discussed. Finally, the results of FAA simulated cargo hold fire testing are presented and discussed in the context of lithium-ion cell or battery shipments.

Published
2002

12. Diffractive Dijets with a Leading Antiproton inp¯pCollisions ats=1800GeV

Author

C.D. Moore, P. Mc Intyre, S. Tkaczyk, David Stuart, R. S. Guo, P. F. Derwent, M. Lancaster, B. A. Barnett, Giorgio Apollinari, James Bensinger, Teruki Kamon, Craig Blocker, Kaori Maeshima, G. Piacentino, M. Mangano, N. Lai, Kazuhiko Hara, R. G. Feild, J. D. Lewis, M. Kirk, S. Miscetti, T. Nakaya, T. Vaiciulis, P. Wilson, S. Lami, T. Shah, P. Lukens, K. S. Mc Farland, V. Papadimitriou, P. Schlabach, H. Akimoto, M. Menguzzato, K. Anikeev, J. Cassada, Fedor Prokoshin, Yasuo Fukui, T. Le Compte, P. Koehn, G. P. Yeh, S. R. Hahn, A. Connolly, Hiroto Kambara, F. Strumia, A. M. Walsh, Kenneth Bloom, D. Errede, T. Asakawa, T. L. Watts, Kostantinos Kordas, Tony Liss, T. Okusawa, Stefano Belforte, P. Mazzanti, R. Takashima, J. Antos, M. Gold, R. E. Hughes, G. Bellettini, G. Martignon, S. Vejcik, Y. Kato, D. Neuberger, T. Takano, Teresa Rodrigo, G. Guillian, S. E. Kuhlmann, P. Nicolaidi, Chunhui Chen, Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen, C. Haber, G. W. Foster, Konstanty Sumorok, A. Heiss, C. H. Wang, Jay Hauser, S. Bailey, Petar Maksimovic, T. J. Phillips, G. Chlachidze, Catherine Newman-Holmes, T. Speer, M. Lindgren, L. Ristori, B. Tannenbaum, E. Kovacs, T. Ohmoto, S. Segler, Andrea Sansoni, Y. Morita, A. G. Clark, J. Done, G. Velev, R. D. Field, J. Huston, G. Punzi, E. Engels, D. Winn, R. Madrak, W. Trischuk, J. Yoh, B. Flaugher, K. Kondo, M. L. Chu, Mosè Mariotti, C. Pagliarone, S. Galeotti, C. Nelson, Michael Schmitt, J. Incandela, M. Musy, R. K. Plunkett, R. Kephart, K. Borras, C. R. Hall, Jacobo Konigsberg, H. Sato, S. Donati, Nicola Bacchetta, M. T. Cheng, L. Holloway, C. I. Ciobanu, R. L. Wagner, J. Wolinski, K. Goulianos, Maria Spiropulu, Matthew Herndon, A. Munar, Mark Kruse, J. Conway, M. Barone, M. Kelly, P. Gatti, F. Bedeschi, Paul Tipton, L. Pescara, A. Nomerotski, M. Cordelli, G. Busetto, Brian L Winer, J. Steele, J. Patrick, P. Sphicas, Joe Kroll, Maxwell Chertok, G. Pope, G. Pauletta, A. Solodsky, T. Kuwabara, J. Wahl, T. Affolder, B. Bevensee, Virgil E Barnes, Yanwen Liu, H. Minato, R. G. Wagner, N. Moggi, Frank Hartmann, Andrey Korytov, J. G. Loken, W. Ashmanskas, K. Ragan, T. Kaneko, V. Glagolev, Robert M Harris, S. Rolli, F. de Jongh, J. Wyss, W. K. Sakumoto, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, G. Chiarelli, S. Geer, I.E. Chirikov-Zorin, A. J. Martin, D. Vucinic, F. Semeria, P. S. Chang, L. Pondrom, E. Wicklund, T. A. Keaffaber, Alan Sill, S. P. Pappas, Barry Blumenfeld, M. M. Deninno, C. Ferretti, Sally Seidel, W. Carithers, S. Murgia, Douglas Benjamin, J. B. Liu, A. Menzione, Louis Lyons, J. E. Elias, K. Kurino, I. Yu, J. F. de Troconiz, P. Tamburello, Marjorie Shapiro, C. Grosso-Pilcher, D. Lucchesi, S. Worm, D. Amidei, Andrea Castro, Hiroshi Ikeda, A. T. Goshaw, J. N. Bellinger, W. Riegler, I. Fiori, A. W. Scott, A. J. Slaughter, D. Partos, M. Tecchio, Kenichi Hatakeyama, H. H. Williams, M. Franklin, R. Vidal, G. Introzzi, A. Stefanini, R. C. Webb, H. Niu, Avraham Yagil, R. Cropp, P. Amaral, Igor Volobouev, J. Guimaraes da Costa, E. Buckley-Geer, Riccardo Paoletti, D. Khazins, N. Bruner, James Proudfoot, J. Berryhill, M. Brozovic, Daniel P Cronin-Hennessy, F. Spinella, J. Valls, R. Demina, S. Tether, J. C. Freeman, Minu Kim, Frank Chlebana, P. F. Shepard, S. Zucchelli, R. E. Blair, F. Rimondi, S. H. Oh, A. Akopian, M. Atac, K. Karr, Joel Goldstein, J. Strologas, D. Wolinski, J. S. Miller, Kevin Burkett, Andrew Beretvas, M. Dell'Orso, A. Köngeter, F. Ptohos, Y. C. Chen, P. Sinervo, Itsuo Nakano, W. J. Robertson, S. Blusk, J. Lys, D. Reher, J. Budagov, Jochen Jens Heinrich, L. Groer, Alan Garfinkel, R. Culbertson, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Tong Gao, N. B. Wallace, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, R. Roser, Christoph Paus, P. N. Singh, M. E. Convery, J. Carlson, A. Reichold, S. Lusin, S. Errede, M. P. Schmidt, K. Tollefson, J.I. Friedman, K. Kelley, S. Leone, F. Happacher, P. T. Chang, A. Rakitine, Dario Bisello, A. Bhatti, E. Hafen, S. C. van den Brink, Leonard Spiegel, L. Rosenson, T. Watanabe, W-M. Yao, P. De arbaro, E. Mc Kigney, Stephan Lammel, P. Azzi-Bacchetta, C. Bromberg, L. E. Kirsch, S. Wolinski, Shin-Shan Yu, A. Byon-Wagner, Tetsuo Arisawa, T. Yoshida, M. Guenther, Matthew Jones, N. Eddy, L. Demortier, J. Mayer, Beom Jun Kim, R. J. Hollebeek, W. Erdmann, J. I. Lamoureux, W. Bokhari, James D. Olsen, A. Ribon, J. Spalding, M. Campbell, A. M. Lee, H. S. Budd, R. D. Kennedy, W. Hao, M. Shimojima, D. Waters, P. Giannetti, Masaaki Tanaka, W. C. Wester, P. Melese, A. Brandl, John Huth, J. Siegrist, J. W. Chapman, A. Scribano, Pierre Savard, Jay Dittmann, R. Handler, M. Binkley, M. G. Albrow, R. Oishi, T. Kikuchi, A. Bodek, D. Cauz, Wendy Taylor, S. Dell'Agnello, Michele Gallinaro, J. A.J. Matthews, M. J. Wang, P. Yeh, Lawrence Nodulman, Roger Moore, J. Iwai, J. P. Berge, Christina Mesropian, C. Yosef, T. Miao, M. W. Bailey, L. Christofek, R. J. Miller, Alessandro Cerri, T. Suzuki, T. Shibayama, M. Loreti, Xin Wu, A. Pompos, Umesh Joshi, J. Cooper, A. Mukherjee, N. S. Lockyer, K. Terashi, Roberto Rossin, S. H. Kim, Nicola Turini, A. T. Laasanen, Andrea Bocci, C. Smith, Kevin Einsweiler, C. Holck, Tommaso Dorigo, E. James, Th. Müller, S. R. Amendolia, K. Sliwa, S. Klimenko, R. Vilar, F. Zetti, P. Murat, D. Dagenhart, J. Tseng, J. Boudreau, G. Bauer, A. D. Hardman, F. D. Snider, A. Korn, Y. Bonushkin, David Saltzberg, J. Cranshaw, S. Wolbers, D. W. Gerdes, Gino Bolla, A. Semenov, Y. Seiya, M. Popovic, T. Ohsugi, M. J. Shochet, P. K. Teng, C. Green, Hajin Kim, M. Mishina, Y. Gotra, Y. Iwata, G. Signorelli, Daniela Bortoletto, Fumihiko Ukegawa, A. B. Wicklund, A. Robinson, K. Takikawa, F. Palmonari, L. Malferrari, R. Thurman-Keup, Cyp Ngan, S. Nahn, E. Moore, A. Gordon, E. E. Schmidt, K. D. Hoffman, H. Toyoda, T. Handa, Jane Nachtman, H. Wenzel, K. T. Pitts, G. Latino, D. Theriot, Aw Chan, F. Azfar, Duncan Carlsmith, Luca Scodellaro, K. L. Byrum, Q. Fan, A. Tollestrup, Anna Zanetti, H. Kasha, B. Hinrichsen, T. Devlin, S. Cihangir, Manfred Paulini, H. Nakada, Yongsun Kim, and L. Santi

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, DESY, Particle accelerator, Parton, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Pomeron, Antiproton, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Collider
Abstract

We report results from a study of events with a leading antiproton of beam momentum fraction 0.905 7 GeV. Using the dijet events, we evaluate the diffractive structure function of the antiproton and compare it with expectations based on results obtained in diffractive deep inelastic scattering experiments at the DESY ep collider HERA.

Published
2000

13. X-Ray characterisation of indium phosphide substrates

Author

Brian K. Tanner and C.D. Moore

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, X-ray, Physics::Optics, Crystal growth, Crystal structure, Slip (materials science), Condensed Matter Physics, Synchrotron, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, law, Indium phosphide, General Materials Science, Wafer
Abstract

The perfection of vertical gradient freeze (VGF) and liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) grown 〈001〉 sulphur-doped InP crystals has been studied by high resolution X-ray diffraction and synchrotron X-ray topography. Of those examined, all VGF crystals except one were dislocation-free, the exception having a uniform dislocation density of about 200 cm −2 resulting from slip. The double axis diffraction maps and double crystal topographs showed most crystals to have a uniform lattice curvature. The largest radii of curvature were from VGF wafers, while the smallest values were for LEC wafers.

Published
1999

14. High-resolution X-ray diffraction determination of composition grading in Hg1-xMnxTe grown by interdiffused multilayer organometallic vapour-phase epitaxy

Author

Brian K. Tanner and C.D. Moore

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, business.industry, General Mathematics, General Engineering, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Crystal structure, Epitaxy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reciprocal lattice, Optics, chemistry, Ternary compound, X-ray crystallography, Wafer, business, Deposition (law)
Abstract

The crystallographic structure of Hg1xMnxTe grown on GaAs by an interdiffused multilayer organometallic vapourphase epitaxial process has been investigated using high resolution Xray diffraction. Most layers were almost 100 % relaxed and of poor composition uniformity across the wafer. In contrast to layers grown by direct deposition of the ternary compound, no variation of doubleaxis rockingcurve width was found with thickness, but there was a linear variation with the Mn fraction. Tripleaxis reciprocal space maps showed that a substantial gradient existed in the Mn composition with depth. This has been quantified by matching experimental data to simulations based on the TakagiTaupin theory. Evidence has been found for both epitaxy and clumps of MnTe on the surface of samples with low x content, providing a possible explanation of anomalous transport and magnetic phenomena.

Published
1999

15. Bridgman solidification of GaSb in space

Author

María Dolores Serrano, C.D. Moore, T. Duffar, Jean Camassel, P. Dusserre, S. Contreras, Brian K. Tanner, and A. Rivoallant

Subjects
Convection, Materials science, Metallurgy, Crucible, Micro-pulling-down, Mineralogy, Condensed Matter Physics, Space (mathematics), Inorganic Chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Materials Chemistry, Growth rate, Single crystal, Earth (classical element)
Abstract

Two samples of GaSb and Ga1−xInxSb (x=0.001) have been grown in rough crucibles in space and full detachment of the sample from the crucible was obtained over a large part of the crystals. Due to problems with the control system of the space furnace both seeds were molten and the growth began with polycrystals. As the growth proceeded, one grain was selected in each sample and the growth finished with a single crystal. X-ray analysis has shown that, in the zone where there was no contact with the crucible, the structural quality continuously improved. Chemical segregation obtained in space is representative of a diffusive regime of transport in the melt, in spite of the low growth rate used. This differs from ground experiments which are under convective conditions. Measurements of electrical properties have given results comparable to that of standard samples obtained on earth, but with a rather lower electrical resistivity.

Published
1998

16. Uniformity in (Hg, Mn)Te films grown by metalogranic vapour phase epitaxy

Author

C.D. Moore, T D Hallam, A.W. Brinkman, Sener Oktik, Ken Durose, Brian K. Tanner, and M. Funaki

Subjects
Diffraction, Chemistry, Alloy, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Magnetic semiconductor, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Inorganic Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Chemical composition, Solid solution, Group 2 organometallic chemistry
Abstract

Epitaxial layers of Hg 1− x Mn x Te have been grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy on (100) GaAs substrates using both direct alloy growth (DAG) and the interdiffused multilayer process (IMP). The variation in composition, layer thickness and X-ray rocking curve width over the sample have been assessed by double crystal X-ray diffraction. These measurements show that uniformity in IMP layers is superior to that in DAG material. An approximate model assuming a constant “plug” velocity profile is developed and used to provide a qualitative explanation of why compositional uniformity is poor in DAG layers.

Published
1995

17. Unexplained Excess of Electronlike Events from a 1-GeV Neutrino Beam

Author

Y. Liu, D. H. White, G. Karagiorgi, R. H. Nelson, M. J. Wilking, W. Marsh, D. W. Schmitz, C.D. Moore, D. C. Cox, Daniel Finley, R. B. Patterson, Michael H. Shaevitz, Peter Daniel Meyers, G. McGregor, T. Kobilarcik, G. B. Mills, D. Perevalov, B. P. Roe, C. C. Polly, G. P. Zeller, V. T. Nguyen, Haijun Yang, P. Nienaber, R. Imlay, Teppei Katori, S. J. Brice, R. Ford, C. Green, David Smith, I. Kourbanis, H. A. Tanaka, M. O. Wascko, L. Bugel, R. Tayloe, J. A. Green, B. C. Brown, I. Stancu, E. D. Zimmerman, F. C. Shoemaker, Kendall Mahn, A. D. Russell, C. E. Anderson, Janet Conrad, J. L. Raaf, M. Tzanov, F. G. Garcia, R. Schirato, B. T. Fleming, S. K. Linden, R. J. Stefanski, V. D. Sandberg, Alexis A. Aguilar-Arevalo, E.J. Prebys, F. Mills, R. A. Johnson, Jun Cao, M. Sodeberg, M. Sung, Z. Djurcic, G. T. Garvey, T. L. Hart, S. Ouedraogo, M. Sorel, S. Koutsoliotas, E. Laird, A. O. Bazarko, P. H. Kasper, J. M. Link, P. Spentzouris, William C. Louis, E. Hawker, H. Ray, R. G. Van de Water, J. A. Nowak, W. Metcalf, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Curioni, and L. Coney

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Scattering, Hadron, Astrophysics (astro-ph), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, MiniBooNE, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Neutrino, Nucleon, Neutrino oscillation, Energy (signal processing), Lepton
Abstract

The MiniBooNE Collaboration observes unexplained electronlike events in the reconstructed neutrino energy range from 200 to 475 MeV. With 6.46 x 10(20) protons on target, 544 electronlike events are observed in this energy range, compared to an expectation of 415.2 +/- 43.4 events, corresponding to an excess of 128.8 +/- 20.4 +/- 38.3 events. The shape of the excess in several kinematic variables is consistent with being due to either nu(e) and (nu) over bar (e) charged-current scattering or nu(mu) neutral-current scattering with a photon in the final state. No significant excess of events is observed in the reconstructed neutrino energy range from 475 to 1250 MeV, where 408 events are observed compared to an expectation of 385.9 +/- 35.7 events., We acknowledge the support of Fermilab, the Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation, and we acknowledge Los Alamos National Laboratory for LDRD funding. In addition, we acknowledge theoretical input from Tina Leitner and Ulrich Mosel on the Delta -> N gamma background.

Published
2009

18. Search for Muon Neutrino and Antineutrino Disappearance in MiniBooNE

Author

E. Hawker, W. Metcalf, R. Imlay, R. B. Patterson, H. Ray, M. J. Wilking, R. G. Van de Water, Y. Liu, M. O. Wascko, G. Karagiorgi, J. A. Nowak, I. Stancu, T. Kobilarcik, D. Perevalov, Jun Cao, S. Koutsoliotas, D. W. Schmitz, C. E. Anderson, B. P. Roe, G. P. Zeller, M. Tzanov, F. G. Garcia, F. Mills, B. Osmanov, I. Kourbanis, A. O. Bazarko, Peter Daniel Meyers, A. D. Russell, R. Schirato, P. H. Kasper, E. Laird, Z. Djurcic, Z. Pavlovic, S. J. Brice, H. A. Tanaka, J. A. Green, J. Mousseau, William C. Louis, J. L. Raaf, Jocelyn Monroe, David Smith, L. Bugel, Haijun Yang, V. D. Sandberg, E. D. Zimmerman, Alexis A. Aguilar-Arevalo, R. Tayloe, Janet Conrad, R. A. Johnson, R. Ford, B. C. Brown, C. Green, R. J. Stefanski, J. Grange, M. Sung, G. T. Garvey, Jonathan M. Link, Kendall Mahn, C.D. Moore, D. C. Cox, B. T. Fleming, G. McGregor, S. Ouedraogo, S. K. Linden, G. B. Mills, W. Marsh, T. L. Hart, E.J. Prebys, Daniel Finley, R. H. Nelson, P. Spentzouris, Teppei Katori, M. Sorel, A. Curioni, F. C. Shoemaker, J. Spitz, Michael H. Shaevitz, L. Coney, P. Nienaber, M. Soderberg, C. Mauger, D. H. White, C. C. Polly, and V. T. McGary

Subjects
Physics, Antiparticle, Particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment, MiniBooNE, Massless particle, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Antimatter, Neutrino, Energy (signal processing), Lepton
Abstract

The MiniBooNE Collaboration reports a search for nu(mu) and nu(mu) disappearance in the Delta m(2) region of 0.5-40 eV(2). These measurements are important for constraining models with extra types of neutrinos, extra dimensions, and CPT violation. Fits to the shape of the nu(mu) and nu(mu) energy spectra reveal no evidence for disappearance at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) in either mode. The test of nu(mu) disappearance probes a region below Delta m(2)=40 eV(2) never explored before., We acknowledge the support of Fermilab, the Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation. We thank Los Alamos National Laboratory for LDRD funding. We also acknowledge the use of Condor software in the analysis the data.

Published
2009

19. Upgrades to the Fermilab NuMI beamline

Author

M.A. Martens, C.D. Moore, A. Marchionni, R. Zwaska, Salman Tariq, K. Williams, N. Grossman, P. Hurh, A. Wehmann, S. Childress, R. Reilly, E. McCluskey, and J. Hylen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, Beamline, MINOS, law, Particle accelerator, Fermilab, Neutrino, Storage ring, NuMI, law.invention
Abstract

The NuMI beamline at Fermilab has been delivering high-intensity muon neutrino beams to the MINOS experiment since the spring of 2005. A total of 3.4 times 1020 protons has been delivered to the NuMI target and a maximum beam power of 320 kW has been achieved. An upgrade of the NuMI facility increasing the beam power capability to 700 kW is planned as part of the NOvA experiment. The plans for this upgrade are presented and the possibility of upgrading the NuMI beamline to handle 1.2 MW is considered.

Published
2007

20. First observations of separated atmosphericνμandν¯μevents in the MINOS detector

Author

P. A. Symes, J. Boehm, Douglas Wright, Anatael Cabrera, H. A. Rubin, D. Krakauer, S. Childress, S. L. Mufson, J. Urheim, W. P. Oliver, M. Bishai, V. Paolone, C. R. Bower, A. Godley, Marvin L Marshak, C. Arroyo, C. Howcroft, R. Halsall, C.D. Moore, Z. Pavlovich, Ken Heller, H. Zheng, A. Lebedev, S. Chernichenko, J. A. Musser, S. Madani, G. Tzanakos, S. Kumaratunga, P. Stamoulis, T. H. Fields, D. Bogert, L. Mualem, A. L. Read, D. M. DeMuth, M. J. Murtagh, F. A. Nezrick, V. Verebryusov, C. White, T. Bergfeld, Thomas R. Chase, R. Rameika, W. G. Yan, R. Morse, D. Naples, A. J. Culling, D. Crane, M. V. Diwan, V. K. Semenov, G. Koizumi, C. Perry, A. Stefanik, P. Vahle, B. Speakman, A. De Santo, Randall White, E. Beall, W. Luebke, A. Wehmann, R. Ducar, D. J. Boehnlein, C. Laughton, J. Kilmer, R. Saakyan, M. Kordosky, William L. Barrett, P. Shanahan, B. R. Becker, R. H. Milburn, Carlos Escobar, B. Bock, R. Hatcher, J. McDonald, Andrew Blake, R. K. Plunkett, S. Murgia, M. C. Sanchez, Reinhard Schwienhorst, J. W. Dawson, C. Rosenfeld, M. Watabe, E. P. Hartouni, J. L. Thron, C. W. Peck, V. J. Guarino, J. Hanson, E. A. Peterson, R. P. Litchfield, Q. K. Wu, C. Nelson, I. Trostin, B. Baller, A. R. Erwin, R. C. Webb, Sacha E Kopp, J. A. Thompson, Robert H. Bernstein, H. R. Gallagher, R. Andrews, A. D. Marino, P. S. Miyagawa, R. Trendler, Alec Habig, M. A. Barker, H. Courant, Karol Lang, A. Belias, D. A. Harris, V. Bocean, P. Sullivan, T. Kafka, W. A. Mann, V. A. Tsarev, Theodoros Alexopoulos, C. Velissaris, S. Boyd, K. Grzelak, E. Grashorn, J. J. Grudzinski, M. A. Thomson, Paul Schoessow, David Petyt, C. Andreopoulos, H. Ping, M. Vakili, Yu. A. Gornushkin, Stanley G. Wojcicki, D. E. Reyna, P. J. Litchfield, Brajesh C Choudhary, John Marshall, R. Piteira, P.D. Shield, R. J. Nichol, J. Hylen, A. Para, J. M. Swan, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, W. Smart, D. J. Koskinen, S. R. Mishra, E. Buckley-Geer, P. Schreiner, Y. Ho, T. Yang, D. Rahman, E. Maher, M. C. Goodman, D. Bhattacharya, M. P. Andrews, S. Avvakumov, J. Hartnell, C. P. Ward, V.A. Onuchin, S. M. Seun, Warner A. Miller, M. Dorman, N. P. Longley, E. Falk Harris, P. Adamson, J. Schneps, M. Proga, D. R. Pushka, Niki Saoulidou, Peter D. Barnes, G. F. Pearce, D. R. Ward, T. Patzak, John Derek Chapman, V. A. Ryabov, D. G. Michael, J. Trevor, J. R. Meier, R. Lee, M. Gebhard, G. J. Alner, J. H. Cobb, T. C. Nicholls, R. Ford, V. Makeev, N. Grossman, Jorge G. Morfin, C. James, W. Y. Lee, N. Felt, J. Oliver, T. Osiecki, A. Sousa, Francisco Yumiceva, M. Dierckxsens, A. C. Weber, R. L. Talaga, T. Joffe-Minor, M. Ignatenko, G. I. Merzon, N. West, M. Zois, H. J. Kang, D. S. Ayres, S. M S Kasahara, L. Wai, Hyun-Chul Kim, L. Jenner, J. K. Nelson, D. A. Jensen, K. Vaziri, M. D. Messier, J. C. Yun, J. D. Cossairt, W.W.M. Allison, R. Ospanov, P. N. Smith, M. A. Libkind, J. Gogos, N. Hill, Ji-Yong Liu, G. J. Bock, T. Durkin, B. Rebel, L. E. Price, P. Lucas, J. J. Evans, M. Kostin, Harvey B Newman, T. M. Raufer, O. D. Fackler, G. M. Irwin, Kevin Anderson, R. Zwaska, A. Marchionni, G. J. Feldman, Caleb Smith, A. Byon-Wagner, A. Pla-Dalmau, J. M. Paley, V. Smirnitsky, P. M. Border, G. Drake, A. M. McGowan, K. Ruddick, N. Tagg, A. S. Ladran, G.D. Barr, E. Tetteh-Lartey, John Miller, Juergen Thomas, P. Gouffon, B. Viren, Philip Harris, M. V. Frohne, D. Indurthy, N. Pearson, and B. C. Barish

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Massless particle, Neutrino detector, MINOS, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Muon neutrino, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Lepton
Abstract

The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations giving: R_data(up/down)/R_MC(up/down) = 0.62^{+0.19}_{-0.14} (stat.) +- 0.02 (sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98 % confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino interactions are separated. The ratio of muon neutrino to muon anti-neutrino events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillate in same manner giving: R_data(numubar/numu)/R_MC(numubar/numu) = 0.96^{+0.38}_{-0.27} (stat.) +- 0.15 (sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for muon neutrinos and muon anti-neutrinos.

Published
2006

22. Understanding and improving the high field orbit in the Fermilab Booster

Author

C.D. Moore, Y. Chao, and L. Ketcham

Subjects
Physics, Booster (rocketry), business.industry, Particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Displacement control, Magnet, Survey data collection, Fermilab, High field, Aerospace engineering, business, Orbit correction
Abstract

With the implementation of the BPM system in the Fermilab Booster, complete survey data of the main magnets have been used to determine magnetic moving schemes to correct the high field orbit at 8 GeV kinetic energy and to understand the global pattern of the high-field orbit in both planes. Considerable success has been achieved in the former tasks. Reasonable understanding in the latter effort was also obtained, given the multitude of factors that have to be addressed. An account is given of the survey record, the orbit correction exercise, and the effort to reconstruct the high-field orbit based on the survey records. >

Published
2003

23. The vertical alignment of the DO overpass in the Fermilab Main Ring

Author

C.D. Moore

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Ring (mathematics), law, Plane (geometry), Measuring instrument, Elevation, Order (ring theory), Particle accelerator, Fermilab, Dispersion (water waves), Geodesy, law.invention
Abstract

The DO overpass was recently reconfigured in order to reduce the vertical dispersion in the Main Ring. The relationship between the global arrangement of the Main Ring quadrupoles and the placement of the quads in the overpass is described. There are various options that could have been adopted in dealing with the observed pattern: the pattern (and the closed orbit) could be kept the same while moving the quadrupoles several feet, the distribution could be smoothed, or the quads could be moved as though they had been on the global plane. The last option was chosen and an attempt to fix the closed orbit by moving quadrupoles outside the overpass was made. These corrections were applied using a modified version of DSCREWF; the surveyors were given elevation numbers which had already been corrected. The effect of these moves could be modeled using a conventional quadrupole move program. >

Published
2003

24. Status of the Fermilab fixed target program

Author

C.D. Moore

Subjects
Physics, Data acquisition, Fermilab, Industrial engineering, Simulation
Abstract

Fermilab is in the midst of an 800 GeV fixed target run involving ten external beam lines and the operation of the pbar source for two additional experiments. Details of the preparation are presented with an emphasis on how changes from the last run have impacted the current run. Statistics and graphical representations show the progress toward meeting the goals of the program. An overview is presented of the external (floods...) and internal (machine instabilities...) challenges encountered during the run.

Published
2002

25. Radiation environment resulting from main injector beam extraction to the NUMI beam line

Author

A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, P.W. Lucas, and S.I. Striganov

Subjects
Physics, Source code, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Monte Carlo method, Particle accelerator, Radiation, XX, NuMI, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Beamline, law, Magnet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Fermilab, business, media_common
Abstract

A 120 GeV Main Injector proton beam will be delivered to the NuMI beam line at Fermilab at the rate of 3.7/spl times/10/sup 20/ per year. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to examine the radiation environment in the beam extraction system and NuMI beam line elements. A complete 3-D model of the 160 meter extraction region has been implemented utilizing the computer code MARS. The model includes a description of the field of the electrostatic septa and POISSON calculated field maps of the Lambertson magnets and the other lattice components in the area. The beam element alignment and the source term have been simulated using the code STRUCT. Results on beam losses in the system, energy deposition in the core elements and residual dose rates on the components are presented.

Published
1999

26. Status of resonant extraction from the Fermilab Main Injector

Author

P. W. Lucas, C.D. Moore, J. Firebaugh, and P. Prieto

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Emphasis (telecommunications), Stopband, Accelerators and Storage Rings, law.invention, Microprocessor, Software, Antiproton, law, Electronic engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, State (computer science), Fermilab, Collider, business
Abstract

One of the major advantages of the Fermilab Main Injector is that it will allow a vigorous program of fixed target physics to proceed independently from collider operations. Thus the commissioning goals for this new accelerator include a demonstration of resonant extraction. For purposes of this demonstration the extracted beam will be sent to the antiproton target station where the measured beam sizes will be used to help design beamlines for the 120 GeV fixed target programs. In order to achieve this goal an experiment has been performed to measure stopband parameters. An outline of the hardware and software to be used for extraction is described with an emphasis on upgrades to the system. Utilization of modern microprocessor technology and real-time software techniques will greatly simplify the regulation of extraction to obtain a smooth spill. The present state of extraction studies is given and the short term goals are explained.

Published
1999

27. Booster Long 13 irradiation studies

Author

C.D. Moore, A. Leveling, and N. Mokhov

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Booster (rocketry), Isotope, Cascade, Chemistry, Sample (material), Extraction (chemistry), Nuclide, Irradiation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Extraction from the Booster to the Main Ring occurred at Long Straight 13. The nature of the extraction process was such that 1% to 2% of the beam was lost in this region. There was an appreciable amount of beam extracted as shown in Table 1, which gives the yearly integrated intensities from 1973 to 1997. A simple model of the extraction losses was set up by Chandra Bhat utilizing the program CASIM. A sample output I shown in figure 1 which gives contours of stars/cm3 in the dirt, also schematically depicted are the three six feet deep sampling holes which were drilled to map out this cascade. One aspect of this study has been the study of the production of non-migrating nuclides and further study may in fact yield better values for the K parameter, the probability per star that an atom of the particular nuclide will be produced. Also the results of this study can give experimental numbers for the production of other nuclides when the amount of Na22 has been calculated. However, the most important part of this study has been the determination of the amount of tritium produced by extraction from the Booster and the experimentallymore » determined migration rate. If we look at the top sample result in hole S2 of 777 pCi/ml of tritium and use the experimentally determined rate of migration and the depth to the aquifer of 13.1m, they calculate that the concentration will have decayed away to 1.1E-8 pCi/ml. If we look at the bottom sample, which is 11.3 m away from the aquifer, they calculate that the 116 pCi/ml will have decayed to 5.2E-8 pCi/ml. The conclusions is that the rate of migration determined over the 24 year irradiation history of the Booster extraction point is small enough that there is no problem with migration of tritium to the aquifer.« less

Published
1998

28. Tickling C:AQ7

Author

C.D Moore and H. Pfeffer

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Nuclear Theory, Electrical engineering, Proton Synchrotron, Particle accelerator, law.invention, Optics, law, Beta (plasma physics), Quadrupole, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electronics, Collider, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The alignment of the quadrupoles in a proton synchrotron is important and the alignment of the low beta quadrupoles in collider mode is even more critical. One of the important considerations is the relationship of the electrical center of the Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) to the magnetic center of quadrupoles. Determining this involves measurements when the elements are not in the tunnel and careful alignment utilizing external reference marks when the BPMs are not physically attached to the quadrupole. Even when the BPM is attached to the quadrupole (and calibrated), systematic offsets can be introduced by cable mismatch or slight imbalances in the monitoring electronics. A method has been implemented at Cern to determine this relationship using the beam itself. This paper will describe a proof of one of the individually powered quadrupoles near the BO interaction region whose ACNET name is C:AQ7.

Published
1996

29. Nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 regulates the müllerian inhibiting substance gene: a link to the sex determination cascade

Author

Wen-Hui Shen, Yayoi Ikeda, Chris C.D. Moore, Keith L. Parker, and Holly A. Ingraham

Subjects
Steroidogenic factor 1, Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Male, Transcriptional Activation, medicine.medical_specialty, Sex Differentiation, Molecular Sequence Data, Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mullerian duct regression, Biology, Steroidogenic Factor 1, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, Internal medicine, Testis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Mullerian Ducts, Glycoproteins, Regulation of gene expression, Cell Nucleus, Homeodomain Proteins, Sex Characteristics, Binding Sites, Sertoli Cells, Base Sequence, DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor, DNA, Sertoli cell, Growth Inhibitors, Cell biology, Rats, DNA-Binding Proteins, Testicular Hormones, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear receptor, Gene Expression Regulation, Female, Male sex differentiation, DAX1, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Normal male sex differentiation requires that Sertoll cells in the embryonic testes produce Mullerian Inhibiting substance (MIS), a TGFβ-like hormone that causes Mullerian duct regression. In primary Sertoli cells, the orphan nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), regulates the MIS gene by binding to a conserved upstream regulatory element. In heterologous (HeLa) cells, MIS gene activation by SF-1 requires removal of the SF-1 ligand-binding domain, implicating a Sertoll cell-specific ligand or cofactor. Finally, the sexually dimorphic expression of SF-1 during development coincides with MIS expression and Mullerian duct regression. We propose that SF-1 regulates MIS in vivo and participates directly in the process of mammalian sex determination.

Published
1994

30. Radiation shielding tests in the Meson beamline in the master substation area

Author

A. Leveling, V. Vylet, W. Kissel, R. Coleman, and C.D. Moore

Subjects
Physics, Meson, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, Particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Beamline, law, Electromagnetic shielding, Fermilab, Radiation protection, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A review of shielding uncovered a weak region in a portion of the proton beam transport to the Meson Area. Preliminary CASIM Monte Carlo studies indicated dose rates at the surface under abnormal operating conditions would be above the Fermilab Radiation Guide limits. Measurements made on December 15 and 16 confirmed this concern. Further comparisons of data with CASIM predictions are discussed. 5 refs., 22 figs., 8 tabs.

Published
1991

31. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction study of polishing damage in III–V semiconductors

Author

C.D. Moore, I. Pape, and Brian K. Tanner

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Lattice (group), Polishing, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Crystallography, Reciprocal lattice, Tilt (optics), Semiconductor, Structural Biology, X-ray crystallography, Sample preparation, business
Abstract

Triple-axis X-ray diffraction has been performed on a series of GaAs and InP crystals polished by different techniques. Symmetric-reflection reciprocal space maps show that the lattice strain normal to the surface does not vary with sample preparation but that the tilt distribution does vary greatly. Asymmetric reflections, which probe the in-plane strain distribution, reveal that the lattice strains are again constant for GaAs, although there is some variation in the InP data at high tilt distribution

Published
1996

32. Lower Limit on Neutral-Heavy-Muon Mass

Author

C.D. Moore, M. Strovink, R. E. Shafer, T. W. Markiewicz, W. H. Smith, K. J. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, F. C. Shoemaker, S. C. Loken, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, Allan G Clark, P. Surko, George D Gollin, P. D. Meyers, and M. Mugge

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Branching fraction, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Invariant mass, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current, Lepton, Bar (unit)
Abstract

Analysis of 122 965 dimuon final states produced by 209-GeV muons in a magnetized iron calorimeter has set a lower limit on the mass of a neutral heavy muon ({bar M}{sup 0}). If the {bar M}{sup 0} is coupled with Fermi strength to a right-handed charged current and decays to {mu}{mu}{nu} with a 10% branching ratio, its mass exceeds 9 GeV/c{sup 2}.

Published
1981

33. A Cross-longitudinal Study of Physical Fitness in Ontario Dairy Farmers, Aged Fifty Years and Over

Author

Susan Pfeiffer and C.D. Moore

Subjects
Community and Home Care, Longitudinal study, Veterinary medicine, Health (social science), business.industry, Stepping test, Physical fitness, VO2 max, Grip strength, Medicine, Occupational activity, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Gerontology, Active group, Demography
Abstract

To study the effects of occupational activity on age-related changes in fitness, 36 full time dairy farmers, aged 50–68years, were studied. Stature, weight, four skinfold thicknesses and hand grip strength were measured. Maximal oxygen consumption was estimated from the CAFT, a submaximal bench stepping test. Twenty-one of the subjects had been tested two years earlier as well. Approached cross-sectionally, the farmers show greater fat-free mass, higher grip strength values, and higher O2 max values than age-matched reference groups (STF and Nutrition Canada). Changes over two years in the sample subset include a marked decline in grip strength, anda decline in O2 which is consistent with that seen in other longitudinal studies. Hence, while initial fitness may be higher in this occupationally active group, the decline in function with age is comparable in magnitude to that seen in less active men.

Published
1987

34. Charm production by muons and its role in scale noninvariance

Author

R. P. Johnson, P. Surko, Allan G Clark, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, K. J. Johnson, S. C. Loken, George D Gollin, W. H. Smith, P. D. Meyers, M. Mugge, R. E. Shafer, T. W. Markiewicz, C.D. Moore, M. Strovink, and F. C. Shoemaker

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Unitarity, Production (computer science), Elementary particle, State (functional analysis), Nucleon, Lambda, Gluon
Abstract

Interactions of 209-GeV muons in the multimuon spectrometer at Fermilab have yielded more than 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ events with two muons in the final state. After reconstruction and cuts, the data contain 20 072 events with (81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10)% attributed to the diffractive production of charmed states decaying to muons. The cross section for diffractive charm muoproduction is ${6.9}_{\ensuremath{-}1.4}^{+1.9}$ nb where the error includes systematic uncertainties. Extrapolated to ${Q}^{2}=0$ with $\ensuremath{\sigma}({Q}^{2})=\ensuremath{\sigma}(0){(1+\frac{{Q}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, the effective cross section for 178- (100-) GeV photons is ${750}_{\ensuremath{-}130}^{+180}$ (${560}_{120}^{200}$) nb and the parameter $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ is 3.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 (2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2) GeV/c. The $\ensuremath{\nu}$ dependence of the cross section is similar to that of the photongluon-fusion model. Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka selection rules and unitarity allow the muon data to set a 90%-confidence lower limit on the $\ensuremath{\psi}N$ total cross section of 0.9 mb. A first determination of the structure function ${F}_{2}(c\overline{c})$ for diffractive charm production indicates that charm accounts for approximately $\frac{1}{3}$ of the scale noninvariance observed in inclusive muon-nucleon scattering at low Bjorken $x$.

Published
1981

35. Measurement of the Charm Structure Function and Its Role in Scale Noninvariance

Author

S. C. Loken, P. D. Meyers, R. E. Shafer, M. Mugge, K. J. Johnson, P. Surko, George D Gollin, M. Strovink, W. H. Smith, T. W. Markiewicz, Allan G Clark, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, F. C. Shoemaker, C.D. Moore, and R. P. Johnson

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Gluon, Nuclear physics, Pair production, Isospin, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Charm (quantum number), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

From a sample of 20072 dimuon final states, a first determination of the structure function F/sub 2/(cc-bar) for diffractive charmed-quark pair production by 209-GeV muons is obtained. F/sub 2/(cc-bar) has a ..nu.. dependence similar to that of the photon-gluon fusion model, but its Q/sup 2/ dependence peaks at lower Q/sup 2/. Diffractive charm production accounts for approx.1/3 of the scale noninvariance observed in muon-nucleon scattering at low values of the Bjorken x variable, x/sub B/.

Published
1980

36. Cross-Section Measurements for Charm Production by 209-GeV Muons

Author

T. W. Markiewicz, George D Gollin, C.D. Moore, M. Strovink, P. Surko, Allan G Clark, W. H. Smith, R. P. Johnson, P. D. Meyers, M. Mugge, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, K. J. Johnson, F. C. Shoemaker, S. C. Loken, and R. E. Shafer

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Particle decay, Muon, Meson, Branching fraction, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Production (computer science), Fermilab, Charm (quantum number)
Abstract

Interactions of 209-GeV muons in the Multimuon Spectrometer at Fermilab have yielded 20072 dimuon final states, with (81±10)% attributed to production of charmed states decaying to muons. The cross section for diffractive charm muoproduction is 6.9{sub -1.4}{sup +1.9} nb. Extrapolated to Q{sup 2} =0, the effective cross section for 178(100)-GeV photons is 750{sup +180}{sub -130} (560{sup +200}{sub -130}) nb, too small to explain the high-energy rise in the photon-nucleon total cross section.

Published
1980

37. Study of rare processes induced by 209-GeV muons

Author

M. Strovink, P. Surko, Allan G Clark, W. H. Smith, T. W. Markiewicz, R. E. Shafer, R. P. Johnson, F. C. Shoemaker, C.D. Moore, S. C. Loken, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, P. D. Meyers, M. Mugge, K. J. Johnson, and George D Gollin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, Muon, Meson, Hadron, Mass spectrum, Elementary particle, Fermion, Lepton
Abstract

Analysis of dimuon final states from 1.4 x 10/sup 11/ positive and 2.9 x 10/sup 10/ negative 209-Gev muons in a magnetized iron calorimeter has set a lower limit of 9 Gev/c/sup 2/ on the mass of a heavy neutral muon (M/sup 0/), and a 90%-confidence level upper limit of sigma(..mu..N..-->..b anti bX)B(b anti b..--> mu..X) mu.. UPSILON X)B(UPSILON..--> mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/)

Published
1982

38. Limit onϒMuoproduction at 209 GeV

Author

R. P. Johnson, F. C. Shoemaker, George D Gollin, Allan G Clark, T. W. Markiewicz, W. H. Smith, R. E. Shafer, P. Surko, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, S. C. Loken, M. Strovink, P. D. Meyers, M. Mugge, C.D. Moore, and K. J. Johnson

Subjects
Particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Limit (mathematics), Division (mathematics), Mathematics
Abstract

TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY is is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retent copy, call Tech. Info. Division, Ext 6782. Prepared for the U · s·· · o·· apartment Energy under Contract · W· 7 405-e·N G-48

Published
1980

39. Measurement of the nucleon structure function in iron using 215- and 93-GeV muons

Author

George D Gollin, C.D. Moore, P. Surko, R. P. Johnson, Allan G Clark, T. W. Markiewicz, F. C. Shoemaker, M. Strovink, P. D. Meyers, W. H. Smith, M. Mugge, K. J. Johnson, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, S. C. Loken, and R. E. Shafer

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, Muon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Inelastic scattering, Deep inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

We have measured the inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of muons on nucleons in iron using beams of 93- and 215-GeV muons. To perform this measurement, we have built and operated the multimuon spectrometer (MMS) in the muon beam at Fermilab. Using the known form of the radiatively corrected electromagnetic cross section, we extract the structure function F-italic/sub 2/(x,Q-italic/sup 2/) with a typical precision of 2% over the range 5

Published
1986

40. Open and hidden charm muoproduction

Author

M. Strovink, F. C. Shoemaker, P. D. Meyers, P. Surko, Allan G Clark, George D Gollin, T. W. Markiewicz, M. Mugge, R. E. Shafer, W. A. Wenzel, L. T. Kerth, W. H. Smith, S. C. Loken, K. J. Johnson, C.D. Moore, and R. P. Johnson

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Pair production, Meson, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Charm (quantum number), Helicity, Gluon
Abstract

New results are presented on open and hidden charm and bottom production by 209‐GeV muons interacting in a magnetized steel calorimeter. The upper limit on the production of T states by muons is σ(μN→TX)B(T→μμ)

Published
1981

41. Understanding and improving the Fermilab booster high field orbit

Author

Y. Chao, C.D. Moore, and L. Ketcham

Subjects
Physics, Accelerator physics, Booster (rocketry), Electromagnet, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Particle accelerator, law.invention, law, Fermilab, High field, Aerospace engineering, business, Quadrupole magnet
Published
1989

42. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction study of polishing damage in III-V semiconductors

Author

C.D. Moore, I. Pape, and Brian K. Tanner

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Polishing, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Lattice strain, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Reciprocal lattice, Semiconductor, Optics, Lattice (order), X-ray crystallography, Sample preparation, business
Abstract

Triple-axis X-ray diffraction has been performed on a series of GaAs and InP crystals polished by different techniques. Symmetric-reflection reciprocal space maps show that the lattice strain normal to the surface does not vary with sample preparation but that the tilt distribution does vary greatly. Asymmetric reflections, which probe the in-plane strain distribution, reveal that the lattice strains are again constant for GaAs, although there is some variation in the InP data at high tilt distribution

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