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In the preceding tests using the KSR-III Sub.(I) engines, it was observed that the heat resistant capability of the engines was not enough for the mission. So Sub.(I) Mod. engines were designed and tested. The Sub.(I) Mod. engines have three major design parameters - the arrangement of main injectors, the impinging angle of main injectors and thermal barrier coating. More than twenty experiments were carried on to evaluate engine performance and heat resistance capability with respect to design parameters. In this study, the test results are introduced. Analysing the result of Sub.(I) engine tests, it is found that decreasing the impinging angle, adopting the H-type arrangement(rather than radial type arrangement) and adopting the thermal barrier coating can increase heat resistance capacity substantially. Also, engine performance evaluation is conducted using specific impulse and characteristic velocity parameter. The results show that the performance variation is small(about 5%) and the performance is better in the case of radial arrangement. It is suspected that these phenomena are caused by the change of flame structure atomization mixing characteristic of sprays and the distortion of recirculation zone. Also from the low frequency instability point of view, it is observed that reducing the impinging angle and adopting the H type arrangement can increase the instability characteristics.

Synopsis The aim of this study was to develop a new natural preservative system making up for the weak points of chitosan as a preservative. As reported in a previous manuscript (20th IFSCC Congress, Cannes, France, 1998), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of water-soluble chitosan against bacteria and yeast were 0.9–3.0 mg mL−1, whereas MICs of chitosan against Aspergillus niger were over 5.0 mg mL−1. However, the result of recent study showed that the MICs of Inula helenium L. extract against A. niger were below 1.0 mg mL−1. Thus, we could develop a new preservative system containing both chitosan and I. helenium L. extract named CI-mixture. MICs of CI-mixture against bacteria and fungi (yeast and mould) were 2.0–4.0 mg mL−1. When 10.0% of the mixture (the ratio of chitosan to I. helenium L. extract = 7.5% : 2.5%) was applied to cosmetic formulae such as skin lotion, milk lotion, cream and pack, it revealed appropriate preservative efficacy. Our result of the patch test also showed that this preservative system reduced skin irritation by about 30–50%, as compared to the organic preservative system. Therefore, the good natural preservative system including chitosan and Inula helenium L. extract could be incorporated in cosmetic formulations. Resume Le but de cette etude etait de developper un nouveau systeme conservateur naturel en ameliorant les proprietes du chitosan en tant que conservateur. Comme decrit dans un manuscrit precedent (20ieme Congres IFSCC Cannes, France, 1998), les C.M.I (concentrations minimales inhibitrices) du chitosan hydro-soluble contre les bacteries et levures etaient de 0.9–3 mg mL−1 et superieures a 5 mg mL−1 conte A. niger. Cependant, des resultats recents conferaient a un extrait d' Inula helenium L. des CMI contre A niger inferieures a 1 mg mL−1. Ainsi, il devenait possible de developper un systeme conservateur combinant ces deux composes (chitosan et I. helenium L.) denomme ici melange CI. Les CMI du melange CI contre les bacteries et champignons (levures et moisissures) etaient de 2–4 mg mL−1. Lorsque ce melange CI (rapport chitosan/Inula = 7.5% : 2.5%) etait introduit a 10% dans des formules cosmetiques telles que lotion cutanee, lait cutane, creme. il montrait de bonnes proprietes conservatrices. Des resultats de patch tests cutanes montraient aussi que ce systeme conservateur reduisait l'irritation cutanee d'environ 30a 50% par rapport a un systeme conservateur organique. Le systeme de conservateur naturel optimal contenant le chitosan et l'extrait d'I. helenium L. peut ainsi etre incorpore dans les formulations cosmetiques

We propose a new mechanism for a noise-induced current by correlated additive and multiplicative noises under symmetric periodic potentials. The correlation of the noises may come from the nonlinear dependence of the multiplicative noise on the additive noise. The noise-induced current exhibits a resonant-like behavior and may have an opposite direction to a driving force. As an example, we consider an active rotator model under a fluctuating dichotomous potential barrier which depends on an additive noise.

Hyperspectral camera was applied to establish the models of catechin concentration for green tea. The possibility of improvement for the models was checked by the multi-year models and the mutual prediction. ECg, EGCg and the ester catechin (ECg & EGCg) decreased with the growth but EC, EGC and the free cat echin (EC & EGC) were changed by the covering. In partial least square regression (PLSR) models for each catechin, R 2 (Relative Error for validation) was more than 0.785 (13.4%) for a single year data, 0.723 (13.3%) for two years data, and 0.756 (13.6%) for three years data except several catechins. It was possible to improve the precision and accuracy of models using the combination of catechin (free and ester type) or the combination of multi-year data. When each and each type of catechin model was predicted by the other year data, the accu racy of two years model improved compar ing with it of a single year data. It means that the multi-year models might be more accurate than a single year models to predic t the unknown data. Keywords: hyperspectral camera, green tea, catechin concentr ation, new shoots, partial least square regression

The authors study the electronic properties of a one-dimensional diagonal tight-binding model with potentials (Vn) arranged in generalized Fibonacci (GF) sequences. Using the negative-eigenvalue theorem, they calculate the density of states (DOS). The DOS and the V dependence of energy spectra for silver-mean (SM) and copper-mean (CM) series clearly show distinctive features. The relation of the energy spectral feature to the geometry of the underlying lattices is emphasized. Various states of the CM lattice are examined in detail by means of wavefunctions, resistances and a multifractal analysis. Critical states are characterized both by scaling transformations and by multifractal behaviours. They find that states with a strongly localized wavefunction under a given system size exhibit additional wavepackets with increasing system size. This shows that the localized behaviour of allowed states is a feature of the finite size of the system, and implies the absence of strongly localized states in a system of infinite size.

The authors study the Kronig-Penney model with incommensurate potentials in the presence of an electric field. Both localization and delocalization by electric fields are observed, which are results intermediate between those obtained in periodic and disordered systems under electric fields. By performing a multifractal analysis, they show that the wave functions for large fields are multifractal.

We investigate a solid-on-solid model on two-dimensional substrates as a natural extension of the Wolf-Villain model for molecular-beam epitaxial growth [D. E. Wolf and J. Villain, Europhys. Lett. 13, 389 (1990)]. In this extended Wolf-Villain model, freshly landed atoms relax into the local energy minima calculated within a next-nearest-neighbor approximation. We calculate the surface width, the correlation function, and the averaged step height and show the surface morphologies. In the transient regime, the model can be described by the nonlinear continuum equation proposed by Lai and Das Sarma [Z. W. Lai and S. Das Sarma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2348 (1991)]. At relatively smaller lateral size ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}35 and earlier growth time ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}1800 than in the original model, it shows a crossover behavior to the Edwards-Wilkinson class, i.e., logarithmic kinetic roughening.