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1. A robust error correction method for numerical weather prediction wind speed based on Bayesian optimization, variational mode decomposition, principal component analysis, and random forest: VMD-PCA-RF (version 1.0.0)

Author: S. Zhou, C. Y. Gao, Z. Duan, X. Xi, and Y. Li
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Accurate wind speed prediction is crucial for the safe and efficient utilization of wind resources. However, current single-value deterministic numerical weather prediction methods employed by wind farms do not adequately meet the actual needs of power grid dispatching. In this study, we propose a new hybrid forecasting method for correcting 10 m wind speed predictions made by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Our approach incorporates variational mode decomposition (VMD), principal component analysis (PCA), and five artificial intelligence algorithms: deep belief network (DBN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (lightGBM), and the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA). We first predict wind speeds using the WRF model, with initial and lateral boundary conditions from the Global Forecast System (GFS). We then perform two sets of experiments with different input factors and apply BOA optimization to tune the four artificial intelligence models, ultimately building the final models. Furthermore, we compare the aforementioned five optimal artificial intelligence models suitable for five provinces in southern China in the wintertime: VMD-PCA-RF in December 2021 and VMD-PCA-lightGBM in January 2022. We find that the VMD-PCA-RF evaluation indices exhibit relative stability over nearly a year: the correlation coefficient (R) is above 0.6, forecasting accuracy (FA) is above 85 %, mean absolute error (MAE) is below 0.6 m s−1, root mean square error (RMSE) is below 0.8 m s−1, relative mean absolute error (rMAE) is below 60 %, and relative root mean square error (rRMSE) is below 75 %. Thus, for its promising performance and excellent year-round robustness, we recommend adopting the proposed VMD-PCA-RF method for improved wind speed prediction in models.
Published: 2023
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2. Can semi-volatile organic aerosols lead to fewer cloud particles?

Author: C. Y. Gao, S. E. Bauer, and K. Tsigaridis
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The impact of condensing organic aerosols on activated cloud number concentration is examined in a new aerosol microphysics box model, MATRIX-VBS. The model includes the volatility basis set (VBS) framework coupled with the aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state) that resolves aerosol mass and number concentrations and aerosol mixing state. By including the condensation of organic aerosols, the new model produces fewer activated particles compared to the original model, which treats organic aerosols as nonvolatile. Parameters such as aerosol chemical composition, mass and number concentrations, and particle sizes that affect activated cloud number concentration are thoroughly tested via a suite of Monte Carlo simulations. Results show that by considering semi-volatile organics in MATRIX-VBS, there is a lower activated particle number concentration, except in cases with low cloud updrafts, in clean environments at above-freezing temperatures, and in polluted environments at high temperatures (310 K) and extremely low-humidity conditions.
Published: 2018
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3. MATRIX-VBS (v1.0): implementing an evolving organic aerosol volatility in an aerosol microphysics model

Author: C. Y. Gao, K. Tsigaridis, and S. E. Bauer
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The gas-particle partitioning and chemical aging of semi-volatile organic aerosol are presented in a newly developed box model scheme, where its effect on the growth, composition, and mixing state of particles is examined. The volatility-basis set (VBS) framework is implemented into the aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state), which resolves mass and number aerosol concentrations and in multiple mixing-state classes. The new scheme, MATRIX-VBS, has the potential to significantly advance the representation of organic aerosols in Earth system models by improving upon the conventional representation as non-volatile particulate organic matter, often also with an assumed fixed size distribution. We present results from idealized cases representing Beijing, Mexico City, a Finnish forest, and a southeastern US forest, and investigate the evolution of mass concentrations and volatility distributions for organic species across the gas and particle phases, as well as assessing their mixing state among aerosol populations. Emitted semi-volatile primary organic aerosols evaporate almost completely in the intermediate-volatility range, while they remain in the particle phase in the low-volatility range. Their volatility distribution at any point in time depends on the applied emission factors, oxidation by OH radicals, and temperature. We also compare against parallel simulations with the original scheme, which represented only the particulate and non-volatile component of the organic aerosol, examining how differently the condensed-phase organic matter is distributed across the mixing states in the model. The results demonstrate the importance of representing organic aerosol as a semi-volatile aerosol, and explicitly calculating the partitioning of organic species between the gas and particulate phases.
Published: 2017
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4. Entropy Pair Functional Theory: Direct Entropy Evaluation Spanning Phase Transitions

Author: Donald M. Nicholson, C. Y. Gao, Marshall T. McDonnell, Clifton C. Sluss, and David J. Keffer
Subjects: entropy, free energy, entropy functional, pair correlation function, pair distribution function, Science, Astrophysics, QB460-466, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We prove that, within the class of pair potential Hamiltonians, the excess entropy is a universal, temperature-independent functional of the density and pair correlation function. This result extends Henderson’s theorem, which states that the free energy is a temperature dependent functional of the density and pair correlation. The stationarity and concavity of the excess entropy functional are discussed and related to the Gibbs–Bugoliubov inequality and to the free energy. We apply the Kirkwood approximation, which is commonly used for fluids, to both fluids and solids. Approximate excess entropy functionals are developed and compared to results from thermodynamic integration. The pair functional approach gives the absolute entropy and free energy based on simulation output at a single temperature without thermodynamic integration. We argue that a functional of the type, which is strictly applicable to pair potentials, is also suitable for first principles calculation of free energies from Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics performed at a single temperature. This advancement has the potential to reduce the evaluation the free energy to a simple modification to any procedure that evaluates the energy and the pair correlation function.
Published: 2021
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5. Preparation of Modified Membrane Based on Covalent Grafting of Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) on PVDF Membrane Surface by Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Author: K. Fan, G. Q. Zhou, C. Y. Gao, J. H. Li, and F. L. Xu
Subjects: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Published: 2023
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6. FashionGAN: Display your fashion design using Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets.

Author: Y. R. Cui, Q. Liu, C. Y. Gao, and Zhongbo Su
Published: 2018
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7. [Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function by upregulating apelin/APJ pathway in rats with heart failure]

Author: H Z, Liu, C Y, Gao, F, Yuan, Y, Xu, H, Tian, S Q, Wang, P F, Zhang, Y N, Shi, and J J, Wei
Subjects: Heart Failure, Male, Ventricular Remodeling, Aminobutyrates, Biphenyl Compounds, Fibrosis, Ventricular Function, Left, Rats, Doxorubicin, Animals, Apelin, Valsartan, Myocytes, Cardiac, Collagen, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar
Published: 2022

8. An advanced warning model of airplane hard landing based on Adaboost

Author: R Zhang, L Y T Cai, D J Huang, and C Y Gao
Subjects: History, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: This paper breaks through the limitation of establishing early warning logic in the time dimension of the previous hard landing early warning model. In this research, flight altitude has been set as the scale of the corresponding early warning logic. According to the specific characteristics of the original flight parameter data set, the data preprocessing methods have been studied. The application of oversampling and frequency compression methods effectively solved the problems of different sample size and multi-frequency flight parameters in the original data set. On this basis, the method of ensemble learning is used to establish the early warning model of aircraft hard landing based on Adaboost. Further, the model is optimized to ensure the accuracy and generalization ability of the early warning model. Verified by the case study of the actual flight parameter data of Airbus A320 aircraft, the early warning model can realize high-precision prediction of hard landing events, which is of great significance for the improvement of the landing safety level of the aircraft in constructing both.
Published: 2023
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9. [Research advances on multifunctional hydrogel dressings for treatment of diabetic chronic wounds]

Author: W B, Cao and C Y, Gao
Subjects: Wound Healing, Anti-Infective Agents, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Hydrogels, Bandages, Diabetic Foot
Abstract: Diabetes can lead to a variety of complications, such as chronic wound (diabetic foot), which is one of the important causes of death for patients with diabetes. Unfavorable factors such as high blood glucose, high level of oxidative stress and inflammation, and susceptibility to infection lead to difficult healing and even worsening of diabetic chronic wounds. Due to the advantages of high water content, good biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties, the hydrogels have become hot-spot materials in wound dressing research. Compared with the traditional dressings such as gauze, the hydrogel dressings can provide a moist environment that is beneficial for wound healing. By loading of bioactive components and modulation of compositions and structures of hydrogels, the hydrogel dressings can be endowed with excellent tissue adhesion, antibacterial ability, anti-oxidation, and inflammation regulation effect, etc., and thus show great prospects in wound dressing applications. Based on the characteristics of hydrogel materials and microenvironment of diabetic chronic wound, this review summarized the research advances on new multifunctional hydrogel dressings for the treatment of diabetic chronic wounds in recent years, and discussed the drawbacks of current hydrogel dressings with prospects proposed.糖尿病会导致多种并发症如慢性创面（糖尿病足），是导致糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因之一。高血糖、高氧化应激水平、高炎症水平以及易感染等不利因素使糖尿病致慢性创面难以愈合，甚至进一步恶化。水凝胶材料由于具有含水量高、生物相容性好和理化性能可调控等优点，已成为当前创面敷料研究中的热点材料。相较于纱布等传统敷料，水凝胶敷料可为创面提供有利于愈合的湿润环境。通过负载活性物质和改变水凝胶组成及结构，水凝胶敷料可被赋予优异的组织黏附、抗菌、抗氧化以及调控炎症因子表达等功能，因此其在创面敷料应用领域中具有广阔的前景。本文基于糖尿病致慢性创面微环境和水凝胶材料的特点，总结了近年来用于治疗糖尿病致慢性创面的新型多功能水凝胶敷料的研究进展，同时探讨了当前水凝胶敷料的不足并提出展望。.
Published: 2021

10. [Efficacy and safety of percutaneous closure of ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction: a clinical study of 69 cases]

Author: T F, Chen, J, Zhang, C Y, Gao, S P, Guo, F M, Ye, Z R, Sun, Y P, Jiang, J T, Cheng, Y, Han, and Y H, Liu
Subjects: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Myocardial Infarction, Aftercare, Humans, Female, Stroke Volume, Hospital Mortality, Patient Discharge, Ventricular Function, Left, Retrospective Studies, Ventricular Septal Rupture
Published: 2021

11. [Analysis of occurrence and treatment of perioperative complete atrioventricular block by transcatheter aortic valve implantation]

Author: H D, Xu, H Q, Lin, G J, Zhang, X B, Pan, Y H, Liu, Z Y, Cheng, C Y, Gao, and Yu, Han
Subjects: Male, Pacemaker, Artificial, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Middle Aged, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Electrocardiography, Treatment Outcome, Risk Factors, Aortic Valve, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Humans, Atrioventricular Block, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Published: 2021

12. [Efficacy and safety comparison between pro-urokinase and reteplase in the treatment of patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction]

Author: Y, Zhang, S, Wang, C Y, Gao, X Y, Liu, Q Q, Cheng, J H, Zhang, D D, Qi, X P, Wang, Z Y, Zhu, M W, Li, and D Y, Hu
Subjects: Treatment Outcome, Fibrinolytic Agents, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Female, Thrombolytic Therapy, Hospital Mortality, Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator, Recombinant Proteins
Published: 2021

13. Entropy Pair Functional Theory: Direct Entropy Evaluation Spanning Phase Transitions

Author: C. Y. Gao, David J. Keffer, Don M. Nicholson, Marshall T. McDonnell, and Clifton C. Sluss
Subjects: Phase transition, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamic integration, lcsh:Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Radial distribution function, 01 natural sciences, Article, Entropy (classical thermodynamics), Molecular dynamics, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, Statistical physics, pair correlation function, lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, Physics, Pair distribution function, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, free energy, lcsh:QC1-999, Kirkwood approximation, pair distribution function, lcsh:Q, entropy functional, 0210 nano-technology, entropy, Pair potential, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: We prove that, within the class of pair potential Hamiltonians, the excess entropy is a universal, temperature-independent functional of the density and pair correlation function. This result extends Henderson’s theorem, which states that the free energy is a temperature dependent functional of the density and pair correlation. The stationarity and concavity of the excess entropy functional are discussed and related to the Gibbs–Bugoliubov inequality and to the free energy. We apply the Kirkwood approximation, which is commonly used for fluids, to both fluids and solids. Approximate excess entropy functionals are developed and compared to results from thermodynamic integration. The pair functional approach gives the absolute entropy and free energy based on simulation output at a single temperature without thermodynamic integration. We argue that a functional of the type, which is strictly applicable to pair potentials, is also suitable for first principles calculation of free energies from Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics performed at a single temperature. This advancement has the potential to reduce the evaluation the free energy to a simple modification to any procedure that evaluates the energy and the pair correlation function.
Published: 2021

14. [Association between healthy lifestyle and risk of rehospitalization in male or female patients with chronic heart failure]

Author: J J, Cao, S J, Zhao, C Y, Gao, W, Liu, H X, Cai, and P Z, Ma
Published: 2021

15. [Nasal metastasis from clear cell renal cell carcinoma: report of two cases]

Author: C Y, Gao, C Y, Wang, Q J, Su, P F, Wu, L, Xue, and C T, Li
Subjects: Nose Neoplasms, Humans, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Kidney Neoplasms
Abstract: 透明细胞性肾细胞癌（clear cell renal cell carcinoma）是一种由胞质透明或嗜酸性的肿瘤细胞构成的恶性肿瘤，转移部位多见于骨、肺等，但转移至鼻腔比较罕见，鼻腔转移者临床症状多为肿瘤压迫症状，如鼻塞、鼻出血、视力受损，缺乏特异性，影像学检查也无特异性，确诊只能依靠病理诊断。该类疾病临床特点不明显，所以临床医师在遇到类似患者时，要警惕该类疾病，最好取活检做病理诊断，尽可能避免误诊。.
Published: 2020

16. Enhancement of the Kr81 and Kr85 count rates by optical pumping

Author: Junsen Wang, G.-M. Yang, C. Y. Gao, Zhen Zhang, Zheng-Tian Lu, Florian Ritterbusch, Shi-Long Liu, X.-Z. Dong, Wei Hu, and Wen-Hao Jiang
Subjects: Physics, Isotope, Krypton, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate science, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Trap (computing), Optical pumping, chemistry, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Trace analysis, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: An enhancement of metastable production of rare isotopes of krypton by optical pumping is demonstrated experimentally. The result could help improve the atom trap trace analysis technique, which has wide applications in geology and climate science.
Published: 2020
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17. [The consideration about study design and implementation of vaccine clinic trials]

Author: B, Liu, Y Z, Wang, X, Yin, X, Deng, Y, Su, Y, Zhang, Y L, Li, C Y, Gao, and H, Yang
Subjects: China, Clinical Trials as Topic, Vaccines, Research Design
Abstract: The safety of prophylactic vaccine is one of the key points both in clinical trials and evaluation. Based on the review practice of vaccine registration clinical trials in recent years, we puts forward a series of thoughts and suggestions on the common problems of safety study on vaccine, including the hypothesis of safety study, the consideration of inclusion/exclusion criteria and suspension/termination criteria for study; the routine requirements of safety study and some special issue such as medical laboratory test index, vaccine virus shedding and safety of adjuvant, and further clarifies the requirements of safety observation on sequential enrollment; also emphasized the scientific judgment of causality and the quality of safety monitoring. It can be used for reference by vaccine researchers and to explore appropriate solutions to promote vaccine researchdevelopment and risk control in China.预防用疫苗（疫苗）的安全性是临床试验重点关注和评价的内容之一。本文结合近年来疫苗注册试验的审评实践，就安全性研究的常见问题提出系列思考和建议，包括安全性研究假设，入排标准及暂停/终止标准的考虑，安全性观察的常规要求和临床指标、疫苗排毒及佐剂安全性等特殊研究内容，并进一步明确了序贯入组的安全性观察要求，强调了因果相关性的科学判定和安全性监测工作质量等方面内容，供疫苗研发参考和借鉴，同时探讨适宜的解决方法，以促进我国疫苗研发和风险控制。.
Published: 2020

18. [The consideration about safety data analysis and expression in instructions of vaccine clinic trials]

Author: B, Liu, Y Z, Wang, X, Yin, X, Deng, Y, Su, Y, Zhang, Y L, Li, C Y, Gao, and H, Yang
Subjects: Data Analysis, China, Clinical Trials as Topic, Vaccines, Biomedical Research
Abstract: The safety of prophylactic vaccine is one of the key points both in clinical trials and evaluation. Based on the review practice of vaccine registration clinical trials in recent years, we summarized the common problems in safety analysis and report and accordingly puts forward a series of thoughts and suggestions, including discussing the role of statistics in safety analysis, putting forward the framework of safety analysis and report involved analysis content, analysis index and analysis dimension, in which attention is paid to the severity analysis; emphasizing the initiative analysis on risk signal and encouraging the evidence-based initiative safety evaluation. At the same time, this paper discusses the basic principles of the presentation of safety data in the package inserts, as well as the comprehensive consideration of the safety data of each phase of the trial and different subjects. It can be used for reference by sponsor to promote vaccine clinical research and evaluation in China.预防用疫苗（疫苗）的安全性是临床试验重点关注和评价的内容之一。本文结合近年来疫苗注册试验的审评实践，汇总了安全性分析和报告中的常见问题并相应提出系列思考和建议，包括探讨了安全性分析中统计学的作用，提出了安全性分析和报告的框架，涉及分析内容、分析指标和分析维度，其中关注了严重程度的分析；强调安全性风险信号应主动分析，鼓励基于循证的要求开展安全性评价；同时就说明书中收载安全性研究信息的基本原则、以及各期试验及不同受试者安全性数据综合考虑的问题进行了探讨，供疫苗注册申请人参考和借鉴，以促进我国疫苗临床研发和评价。.
Published: 2020

19. [Research progress on reversal agents for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants]

Author: S J, Zhao, J, Sun, C Y, Gao, P Z, Ma, F, Zhao, and J J, Cao
Subjects: Atrial Fibrillation, Administration, Oral, Anticoagulants, Humans
Abstract: 随着非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝药（NOAC）的上市，抗栓治疗有了更多新选择。然而，当出现危及生命或无法控制的出血，或需要紧急手术时，需要更快速彻底地逆转NOAC的能力，这些问题促进了对NOAC特异性逆转剂的研究开发。目前有代表性的NOAC特异性逆转剂包括依达赛珠单抗、andexanet alfa和ciraparantag，本文对3种NOAC特异性逆转剂的药理作用、研究进展和应用前景等问题进行总结。.
Published: 2019

20. [Current status of blood lipids in people with hypertension and diabetes in Henan province]

Author: X Y, Liu, W L, Xing, J C, Jiang, C Y, Gao, Y, Zhang, S, Wang, G, Zhou, L X, Du, C Q, Wu, G, Hou, and Y M, Wang
Subjects: Adult, Male, China, Cholesterol, HDL, Middle Aged, Lipids, Risk Factors, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Female, Triglycerides, Aged, Dyslipidemias
Published: 2019

21. [Association between Lipoprotein(a) and the characteristics of left main coronary artery plaque in patients with stable angina pectoris]

Author: Y, Han, C K, Yang, C Y, Gao, Y H, Liu, J T, Cheng, X P, Wang, Z M, Wang, X J, Wu, and C Y, Xu
Subjects: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Humans, Angina, Stable, Coronary Artery Disease, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Lipoprotein(a)
Published: 2019

22. [The prognostic value of circulating microRNA-29b in left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension]

Author: X H, Zhou, J P, Cai, W L, Liu, X, Zhang, X J, Wu, and C Y, Gao
Subjects: MicroRNAs, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Humans, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Circulating MicroRNA, Prognosis
Published: 2019

23. [Association of epicardial adipose tissue with cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification in the community residents]

Author: H H, Zhang, X B, Meng, W Y, Wang, K, Zhang, Y, Qi, S M, An, S Y, Wang, J L, Zheng, J, Wu, Y, Zhou, C Y, Gao, and Y D, Tang
Subjects: Adult, Male, China, Coronary Artery Disease, Middle Aged, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adipose Tissue, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Humans, Female, Vascular Calcification, Pericardium
Published: 2018

24. [Long-term prognostic value of lowering in free triiodothyronine in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]

Author: X B, Meng, W Y, Wang, K, Zhang, Y, Qi, S M, An, S Y, Wang, J L, Zheng, Q J, Yu, B, Tang, R, Wu, C Y, Gao, and Y D, Tang
Subjects: Survival Rate, China, Risk Factors, Humans, Triiodothyronine, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Prognosis, Biomarkers
Published: 2018

25. [Value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide on long-term outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]

Author: X B, Meng, W Y, Wang, K, Zhang, Y, Qi, S M, An, S Y, Wang, J L, Zheng, Q J, Yu, B, Tang, R, Wu, C Y, Gao, and Y D, Tang
Subjects: Echocardiography, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Humans, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Prognosis, Biomarkers, Peptide Fragments
Published: 2018

26. [Effect of miR-19b on the proliferation and apoptosis of P19CL6 cells during the late-stage of cardiac differentiation]

Author: Y, Han, T B, Fan, B T, Peng, B, Li, J T, Cheng, H D, Xu, C Y, Gao, and Z Y, Cheng
Subjects: Mice, MicroRNAs, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Cycle, Animals, Apoptosis, Cell Differentiation, Cell Proliferation
Published: 2018

27. Codon optimization enhances the expression of porcine β-defensin-2 in Escherichia coli

Author: C Y Gao, Q J Zhao, C L Li, and T T Xu
Subjects: Regulation of gene expression, Staphylococcus aureus, beta-Defensins, Expression vector, Swine, Chemistry, Heterologous, General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Molecular biology, Fusion protein, Gene Expression Regulation, Escherichia coli, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Heterologous expression, Cloning, Molecular, Codon, Molecular Biology, Peptide sequence, Gene
Abstract: Porcine β-defensin-2 (pBD2) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that has therapeutic potential. The amount of pBD2 in nature is limited, and the expression of pBD2 in Escherichia coli is low, probably because a different gene codon is used by prokaryotic organisms to that used by eukaryotes. Codon preference optimization is one of the ways to increase heterologous expression of pBD2. To achieve high expression of pBD2, the pBD2 gene was redesigned according to the preferred codon in E. coli without altering the amino acid sequence. The optimized gene was inserted into expression vector pET-30a and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) plysS. Our results showed that pBD2 was expressed as His-Tag fusion protein at a level that was approximately 4-6 times greater than from the native gene, based on total protein expression. Expressed fusion pBD2 showed antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, pBD2 showed weak hemolytic activity and strong heat resistance. These results indicate that fusion pBD2 is functional and has similar properties to those of pBD2 from the native gene. Our current study demonstrated that codon optimization could enhance pBD2 expression in E. coli without altering its function. Therefore, the expression of pBD2 after codon optimization in heterologous host cells might be useful and is worthy of further research.
Published: 2015
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28. Preparation of polyclonal antibody against porcine beta defensin 2 and identification of its distribution in tissues of pig

Author: Y Y Bao, H.-F. Zhang, C Y Gao, C B Xiao, C L Li, and L Li
Subjects: beta-Defensins, Swine, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Blotting, Western, Gene Expression, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Kidney, Antibodies, Tongue, Antibody Specificity, Genetics, Animals, Histidine, Molecular Biology, Ammonium sulfate precipitation, Antiserum, biology, Immune Sera, General Medicine, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Immunohistochemistry, Molecular biology, Immunity, Innate, Intestines, Titer, Beta defensin, Liver, Ammonium Sulfate, Polyclonal antibodies, Diethylaminoethyl cellulose, biology.protein, Rabbits, Antibody, Oligopeptides
Abstract: Porcine β-defensin 2 (pBD2) is an antimicrobial peptide in pigs that plays an important role in the immune system by preventing bacterial invasion. To produce an anti-pBD2 antibody, which is not commercially available, we expressed and purified a soluble, his-tagged version of pBD2 (his-pBD2). Purified pBD2 was injected into New Zealand white rabbits to generate polyclonal antiserum. Anti-pBD2 antibodies were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by diethylaminoethyl cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The purified polyclonal antibody showed high sensitivity, with a titer as high as 204,800 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it also showed high specificity for both his-pBD2 and native pBD2, as assessed by western blotting. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis using the purified antibody revealed that pBD2 protein is distributed in the tongue, liver, kidney, small intestine, and large intestine of pigs. These results indicate that the prepared polyclonal antibody will be a useful tool for further studies of the function and mechanism of pBD2.
Published: 2015
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29. [Association between the ApoB/A1 ratio and the vulnerability of LMCA plaque in the patients with stable angina pectoris]

Author: Y, Han, C K, Yang, C Y, Gao, Y H, Liu, J T, Cheng, X P, Wang, Z M, Wang, and T F, Cheng
Subjects: Apolipoprotein A-I, Humans, Angina, Stable, Cholesterol, LDL, Coronary Vessels, Biomarkers, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Apolipoproteins B
Published: 2017

30. [Current status of warfarin therapy in Chinese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a single center analysis]

Author: S J, Zhao, H W, Zhao, X P, Wang, C Y, Gao, Y H, Qin, H X, Cai, B Y, Chen, and J J, Cao
Subjects: Hospitalization, China, Asian People, Aspirin, Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulants, Humans, Warfarin, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Published: 2016

31. [Efficacy of thrombolytic therapy using reteplase in cases with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from a multicenter clinical trial]

Author: X Y, Liu, Y, Zhang, M W, Li, X P, Wang, D D, Qi, P Y, Hao, H, Zhang, Q Q, Cheng, L S, Zhao, C Y, Gao, and D Y, Hu
Subjects: Male, Myocardial Infarction, Hemorrhage, Middle Aged, Recombinant Proteins, Electrocardiography, Coronary Occlusion, Fibrinolytic Agents, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Acute Disease, Humans, Female, Thrombolytic Therapy, Hospital Mortality, Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction, Aged
Published: 2016

32. [Feasibility of retrograde approach for percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect under solely guidance of transesophageal echocardiography]

Author: Y, Han, C Y, Gao, H D, Xu, T B, Fan, B T, Peng, B, Li, L, Liu, X B, Pan, and Z Y, Cheng
Subjects: Adult, Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular, Adolescent, Heart Ventricles, Prostheses and Implants, Catheterization, Prosthesis Implantation, Electrocardiography, Young Adult, Treatment Outcome, Echocardiography, Child, Preschool, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Postoperative Period, Child, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of retrograde transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) under trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE).Twelve patients with VSD, with 4 residual shunt, treated by transcatheter VSD closure under solely guidance of TEE were summarized. Mean age, body weight and average diameter of VSD in 12 cases were (11.58±6.57) years, (31.85±13.28) kg, (5.50±2.20) mm, respectively. All patients were treated by retrograde transcatheter closure under solely guidance of TEE. The post-operative efficiency was estimated by TEE immediately. Patients were followed up by echocardiography, X-ray examination and electrocardiogram at 24 hours, 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedures.All 12 patients were treated successfully under solely guidance of TEE. The diameter of devices were 5-14 mm. There were 1 case with trivial residual shunt after the procedures immediately. No patients suffered from residual shunt, occluder malposition, peripheral vascular injury and pericardial effusion during the follow-up.Percutaneous transcatheter closure of VSD completely guided by TEE is safe and effective. This method could avoid the radiation and contrast media reaction, and also could simplify the procedure.
Published: 2016

33. LD-pumped Nd:GdVO4 Raman laser at 1166 nm with LiIO3 crystal

Author: F. Q. Liu, J. L. He, J. L. Xu, He Yang, J. Q. Xu, Sixiu Sun, B. T. Zhang, H. J. Zhang, and C. Y. Gao
Subjects: Pulse repetition frequency, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Energy conversion efficiency, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Optics, Raman laser, symbols, Optoelectronics, Pulse energy, business, Raman spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Pulse-width modulation, Raman scattering
Abstract: We demonstrated an all solid-state Nd:GdVO4 Raman laser using LiIO3 as Raman crystal. The maximum output power of 0.645 W was obtained at 1166 nm, corresponding to the conversion efficiency of 8.5%. The Raman laser generated pulse width of 1166 nm as short as 9 ns, which was about four times shorter than that of fundamental light of 1.06 μm. The maximum pulse energy of 62 μJ and the highest peak power of 5.1 kW were achieved with pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz.
Published: 2011
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34. Passively Q-switched mode-locking in a diode-pumped Nd:LuVO4 laser with V:YAG

Author: Sixiu Sun, H. J. Zhang, F. Q. Liu, B. T. Zhang, C. Y. Gao, Jiaxiang Yang, J. Q. Xu, J. L. He, and J. L. Xu
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Saturable absorption, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Pulse (physics), Mode-locking, law, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Pulse energy, Instrumentation, Diode
Abstract: A passively Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:LuVO4 laser with V:YAG at 1.34 μm was successfully demonstrated. Comparisons between c-cut and a-cut Nd:LuVO4 lasers were experimentally made. The maximum average output power of 170 mW, the highest Q-switched pulse energy of 4.5 μJ were obtained in c-cut Nd:LuVO4 laser. The duration of mode-locked pulse was estimated to be less than 540 ps with repetition rate of 110 MHz.
Published: 2011
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35. Passive Q-switching performance with Co:LMA crystal in a diode-pumped Nd:LuVO4 laser

Author: F. Q. Liu, Jiaxiang Yang, Jingliang He, B. T. Zhang, Jun Xu, J. Q. Xu, H. J. Zhang, C. Y. Gao, and Hai-Tao Huang
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Saturable absorption, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Q-switching, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Power (physics), Crystal, Optics, law, Photonics, business, Instrumentation, Pulse-width modulation, Diode
Abstract: A diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 1.34 μm laser using Co:LMA saturable absorber was successfully demonstrated. The average output power, pulse width, repetition rate of a-cut and c-cut Nd:LuVO4 lasers were studied with different output couplers. The maximum average output power of 164 mW was obtained at the pump power of 10.3 W and the narrowest pulse width of 168 ns was achieved at repetition rate of 457 kHz under pump power of 8.59 W in a-cut Nd:LuVO4 laser with T = 8%.
Published: 2010
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36. High MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 protein levels in osteoarthritis

Author: J H Song, C Y Gao, G Q Zeng, Wei Li, and A B Chen
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Subgroup analysis, Osteoarthritis, Matrix metalloproteinase, Gastroenterology, Pathogenesis, Internal medicine, Synovial joint, Synovial Fluid, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Regulation of gene expression, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Meta-analysis, Inclusion and exclusion criteria, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Female, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, business
Abstract: Our study examined the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We employed rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria in computer-based bibliographic databases to extract published studies relevant to this investigation. The STATA 12.0 software was used for the statistical analyses. A total of 1408 studies were initially searched, and 10 studies with 458 OA patients and 295 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results suggested that the protein levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were higher in patients with OA than those in the control group. A subgroup analysis according to ethnicity showed that the protein levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 were higher in Asian patients with OA than in controls. Caucasians showed no statistically significant differences in protein expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 between the OA patient group and the control group. Interestingly, the protein levels of MMP-9 in patients with OA were higher than those in the control group in both Asians and Caucasians. A sample-source analysis suggested that the serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were higher in patients with OA than in controls, while MMP-1 and MMP-9 protein expressions were higher in the synovial joint fluid of patients with OA than in controls. In conclusion, our meta-analysis results suggested that the increased expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins might be associated with the pathogenesis of OA.
Published: 2015

37. Measurement of dynamic fracture parameters of explosive cylindrical shells

Author: Hui Ji Shi, C. H. Bai, C. Y. Gao, C. L. Liu, and Zhetilan Yao
Subjects: High strain, Materials science, Explosive material, business.industry, Metallic materials, Solid mechanics, General Engineering, Shell (structure), Fracture (geology), Research Object, Structural engineering, business
Abstract: A typical cylindrical explosion device scaled down from actual Fuel-Air-Explosive Devices is selected as the research object of this paper, The behaviors and properties of material at high strain rates are studied, an electrical measurement is designed and carried out in the explosion chamber, the dynamic strain history of the large-deformation shell is measured and crucial fracture parameters are obtained. At the same time, the fundamental principle of the method is given, and the experimental results are discussed in detail. Some data are compared with theoretical solutions and they coincide well with each other.
Published: 2000
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38. Patterns of recovery in the Guillain-Barre syndromes

Author: John W. Griffin, C. Y. Li, Arthur K. Asbury, David R. Cornblath, Tony W. Ho, Guy M. McKhann, and C. Y. Gao
Subjects: Adult, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, medicine.medical_specialty, Wallerian degeneration, Adolescent, Neural Conduction, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Motor nerve, Nerve fiber, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Methylprednisolone, Age Distribution, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Axon, Child, Plasma Exchange, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Child, Preschool, Anesthesia, Female, Seasons, Neurology (clinical), business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Article abstract-Clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic studies indicate that the Guillain-Barre syndromes (GBSs) include both primary demyelinating and primary axonal forms. The axonal forms are usually thought to have a poorer prognosis, with less chance for rapid or complete recovery. In northern China, epidemics of one axonal form, acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), occur annually in the summer. Autopsy studies in some fatal cases have demonstrated wallerian-like degeneration of motor roots and motor fibers in the peripheral nerves. Recovery of such patients would require axonal regeneration along the entire length of the nerve fiber. In a 2-year prospective study of GBS at a single hospital in northern China, 42 patients were classified as having either AMAN (32 patients), acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) (8 patients), or as undetermined (2 patients) by electrodiagnostic criteria. Their recoveries were monitored clinically. The recovery times of AMAN and AIDP patients were similar: the median time to regain the ability to walk 5 meters with assistance was 31 days for patients classified as having AMAN and 32 days for those classified as having AIDP. These rapid recovery times are incompatible with severe wallerian degeneration of the ventral roots and motor nerve fibers. The rapid recoveries observed in AMAN patients could be explained by relatively quickly reversible immune-mediated changes at nodes of Ranvier in motor fibers, by degeneration and regeneration of intramuscular motor nerve terminals, or both.NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 695-700
Published: 1997
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39. Pathology of the motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome

Author: C. Y. Li, Ban Mishu, M. Tian, Arthur K. Asbury, C. Macko, P. Xue, John W. Griffin, David R. Cornblath, Tony W. Ho, Guy M. McKhann, and C. Y. Gao
Subjects: Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Sensory axonal neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Autopsy, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Neurology, Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Immunology, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Remyelination, Axon, business
Abstract: The concept of a severe motor-sensory neuropathy of acute onset caused by an immune attack on the axon ("axonal" Guillain-Barre syndrome) has been advanced primarily based on electrodiagnostic and limited pathological data, but remains controversial. At autopsy some cases demonstrate unusually severe inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. There are conflicting data about whether antecedent Campylobacter jejuni infection is associated with "axonal" Guillain-Barre syndrome. We report 4 individuals from Hebei Province, China, who died 7, 7, 18, and 60 days after onset of a syndrome diagnosed clinically as Guillain-Barre syndrome. High titers of antibodies recognizing C. jejuni, consistent with recent infection, were found in the 2 patients tested. At autopsy the 3 with early disease had ongoing wallerian-like degeneration of fibers in the ventral and dorsal roots and in the peripheral nerves, with only minimal demyelination or lymphocytic infiltration. All 3 had numerous macrophages in the periaxonal space of myelinated internodes, and rare intraaxonal macrophages as well. Examination of the patient having the syndrome for 60 days confirmed the extensive loss of large fibers in the spinal roots and nerves, and the paucity of demyelination and remyelination. These observations confirm predictions that some patients with severe motor-sensory Guillain-Barre syndrome, as defined clinically, have predominantly axonal lesions of both motor and sensory fibers, even in the early stages of the disease, and that axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome can follow C. jejuni infection. The pathology supports the possibility that such cases of motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome represent the most severe end of a spectrum of immune attack directed toward epitopes on the axon.
Published: 1996
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40. Reply

Author: J. W. Griffin, C. Y. Li, T. W. Ho, P. Xue, C. Macko, C. Y. Gao, C. Yang, M. Tian, B. Mishu, D. R. Cornblath, G. M. McKhann, and A. K. Asbury
Subjects: Neurology (clinical)
Published: 1996
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41. Guillain-Barré syndrome in northern China Relationship to Campylobacter jejuni infection and anti-glycolipid antibodies

Author: Martin J. Blaser, C. Y. Gao, John W. Griffin, Tony W. Ho, David R. Cornblath, Guy M. McKhann, C. Y. Li, Arthur K. Asbury, and Ban Mishu
Subjects: Adult, Male, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, Neural Conduction, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Comorbidity, Disease Vectors, Antibodies, Viral, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Gastroenterology, Campylobacter jejuni, Autoimmune Diseases, Serology, Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Campylobacter Infections, medicine, Animals, Humans, Prospective Studies, Motor Neuron Disease, Child, Autoantibodies, biology, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Age Factors, Infant, Fisher Syndrome, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Bacterial, Measles virus, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Female, Seasons, Neurology (clinical), Glycolipids, business, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: Guillain-Barre syndrome has been considered to be primarily an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Our experience with Guillain-Barre syndrome in northern China differs from the traditional concept. Electrophysiologically and pathologically, most of our patients have motor axonal degeneration with minimal cellular inflammation, which we have termed 'acute motor axonal neuropathy' (AMAN). The current studies were undertaken to characterize prospectively the clinical, electrophysiological, and serological features of Guillain-Barre syndrome, defined clinically, in northern China. In 1991 and 1992, we characterized by electrodiagnostic criteria 129 Chinese patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. The AMAN form was present in 65% of patients, the AIDP form in 24% and 11% were unclassifiable. For the 38 patients who presented from January to October, 1992, we performed serological assays for antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and to glycolipids. Of these 38 patients, 55% had AMAN, 32% had AIDP and 13% were unclassifiable. Sixty-six percent of the 38 had serological evidence of recent C. jejuni infection as compared with 16% of village controls (P = 0.001). Seventy-six percent of AMAN patients and 42% of AIDP patients were seropositive. IgG anti-GM1 antibodies were more frequent in Guillain-Barre syndrome patients compared with village controls (42% versus 6%; P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the pattern of disease, AMAN or AIDP, anti-glycolipid antibodies, or C. jejuni antibodies. Based on electrophysiological criteria, Guillain-Barre syndrome in northern China can be divided into two predominant forms: AIDP and AMAN. The AMAN form is more common and predominates in the yearly summer outbreaks of Guillain-Barre syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1995
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42. Guillain-Barré syndrome in northern China: The spectrum of neuropathological changes in clinically defined cases

Author: C. Y. Gao, Tony W. Ho, M. Tian, Guy M. McKhann, C. Y. Li, Ban Mishu, David R. Cornblath, P. Xue, Arthur K. Asbury, John W. Griffin, C. Yang, and C. Macko
Subjects: Adult, Male, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, China, Wallerian degeneration, Sensory axonal neuropathy, Adolescent, Nerve root, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Motor nerve, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Paralysis, medicine, Humans, Neurons, Afferent, Motor Neuron Disease, Child, Motor Neurons, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Macrophages, Anatomy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Axons, Spinal Nerves, Child, Preschool, Acute Disease, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Spinal Nerve Roots, Wallerian Degeneration, business, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: The pathology of the Guillain-Barré syndrome remains controversial, and autopsied cases available for study by contemporary techniques are uncommon. Large numbers of cases clinically diagnosed as Guillain-Barré syndrome occur in northern China. In this study we examined the neuropathological changes in 12 autopsied cases from Hebei Province, China. Eleven died early in the course of their disease. In all cases tissue was specially handled and fixed for electron microscopy and for immunocytochemistry. Three of these 12 cases had typical acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) with lymphocytic infiltration and macrophage-mediated demyelination, reproducing the pathological picture most often reported in Guillain-Barré syndrome in North America, Europe, and Australia. Six cases had predominantly axonal involvement, characterized by Wallerian-like degeneration of nerve fibres, with only minimal demyelination and with minimal inflammation in five. Three cases, even though paralysed at the time of death, had only very mild changes in the spinal roots and sciatic nerves. Within the group of six predominantly axonal cases, there were important differences both in the severity of the abnormalities and in the classes of fibres involved. Three cases had extensive Wallerian-like degeneration of sensory as well as motor fibres [acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN)], while in the other three cases the fibre degeneration affected the motor nerve fibres almost exclusively. These latter cases establish a structural basis for the clinical and electrophysiological picture termed the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) pattern. In both the AMAN and the AMSAN patterns, a prominent feature was the presence of macrophages within the periaxonal space, surrounding or displacing the axon, and surrounded by an intact myelin sheath. These studies show that the early pathological changes in cases clinically diagnosed as the Guillain-Barré syndrome are diverse and not restricted to the well-known pattern of AIDP, and that the predominant pathological patterns may differ in different parts of the world. The differences in pathological findings between acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and the axonal patterns are likely to reflect differences in the pathogenetic mechanisms. The periaxonal macrophages in the axonal patterns suggest that an important epitope may be localized to the axolemma or periaxonal space. The mild cases indicate that severe paralysis can occur early in Guillain-Barré syndrome without prominent structural changes along the nerve, suggesting that physiological block or nerve terminal changes may be implicated.
Published: 1995
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43. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. 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Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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44. H-cluster stars

Author: C. Y. Gao, X. Y. Lai, and Renxin Xu
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Equation of state, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Lattice QCD, Nuclear matter, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Baryon, Strange matter, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Quark star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QCD matter
Abstract: The study of dense matter at ultra-high density has a very long history, which is meaningful for us to understand not only cosmic events in extreme circumstances but also fundamental laws of physics. It is well known that the state of cold matter at supra-nuclear density depends on the non-perturbative nature of quantum chromo-dynamics (QCD) and is essential for modeling pulsars. A so-called H-cluster matter is proposed in this paper as the nature of dense matter in reality. In compact stars at only a few nuclear densities but low temperature, quarks could be interacting strongly with each other there. That might render quarks grouped in clusters, although the hypothetical quark-clusters in cold dense matter has not been confirmed due to the lack of both theoretical and experimental evidence. Motivated by recent lattice QCD simulations of the H-dibaryons (with structure uuddss), we are therefore considering here a possible kind of quark-clusters, H-clusters, that could emerge inside compact stars during their initial cooling, as the dominant components inside (the degree of freedom could then be H-clusters there).Taking into account the in-medium stiffening effect, we find that at baryon densities of compact stars $H$-cluster matter could be more stable than nuclear matter. We also find that for the H-cluster matter with lattice structure, the equation of state could be so stiff that it would seem to be "superluminal" in most dense region. However, the real sound speed for H-cluster matter is in fact hard to calculate, so at this stage we do not put constraints on our model from the usual requirment of causality., 9 pages and 7 figures. MNRAS, in press
Published: 2011

45. Vascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease

Author: J, Li, Y J, Wang, M, Zhang, Z Q, Xu, C Y, Gao, C Q, Fang, J C, Yan, H D, Zhou, and Li, Zou
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuropsychological Tests, Lower risk, Statistics, Nonparametric, Central nervous system disease, Alzheimer Disease, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Risk factor, Cognitive decline, Psychiatry, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Incidence, Cognitive disorder, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Disease Progression, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Regression Analysis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Alzheimer's disease, Psychology, Cognition Disorders, Mental Status Schedule, Peptides
Abstract: Objective: Growing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors (VRF) contribute to cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of VRF on the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. Methods: A total of 837 subjects with MCI were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 5 years. The incidence of AD dementia was investigated. A mixed random effects regression model was used to analyze the association between VRF and the progression of MCI assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the association between VRF and dementia conversion, and to examine whether treatment of VRF can prevent dementia conversion. Results: At the end of the follow-up, 298 subjects converted to AD dementia, while 352 remained MCI. Subjects with VRF had a faster progression in cognition and function relative to subjects without. VRF including hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia increased the risk of dementia conversion. Those subjects with MCI in whom all VRF were treated had a lower risk of dementia than those who had some VRF treated. Treatment of individual VRF including hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia was associated with the reduced risk of AD conversion. Conclusion: VRF increased the risk of incident AD dementia. Treatment of VRF was associated with a reduced risk of incident AD dementia. Although our findings are observational, they suggest active intervention for VRF might reduce progression in MCI to AD dementia.
Published: 2011

46. Acute motor axonal neuropathy: A frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China

Author: Martin J. Blaser, G. Zhaori, Tony W. Ho, T. C. Liu, Guy M. McKhann, Arthur K. Asbury, Y. Liu, Ban Mishu, David R. Cornblath, L. P. Jou, J. Y. Mao, Z. Jiang, Husheng Wu, John W. Griffin, C. Y. Gao, and C. Y. Li
Subjects: Adult, Male, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, China, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Sensory axonal neuropathy, Adolescent, Flaccid paralysis, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Nervous System, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Prevalence, medicine, Paralysis, Humans, Motor Neuron Disease, Child, Retrospective Studies, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Electrodiagnosis, medicine.disease, Axons, nervous system diseases, Poliomyelitis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Muscle Hypotonia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Sensory nerve
Abstract: In northern China, annual epidemics of acute-onset flaccid paralysis diagnosed clinically as Guillain-Barré syndrome have been recognized for at least 20 years. On the basis of an historical analysis of more than 3,200 patients, distinctive features include most cases occurring during the summer months among children and young adults, most of whom reside in rural areas. Of 90 patients with acute flaccid paralysis, 88 had a distinctive pattern that shares clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings with demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome, but that differs from Guillain-Barré syndrome physiologically and pathologically. The clinical course is marked by rapidly progressive ascending tetraparesis, often with respiratory failure, but without fever, systemic illness, or sensory involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid is acellular, and elevations of protein content occur in the second or third week of illness. Electrodiagnostic studies show normal motor distal latencies and limb conduction velocities, but reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes. Sensory nerve action potentials and, when elicitable, F waves are within the range of normal. Recovery is usually good. Autopsy studies have shown Wallerian-like degeneration of motor fibers. These studies establish that this is a distinctive syndrome, distinguishable from poliomyelitis and demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Published: 1993
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47. The drought monitoring in China by using AMSR-E data

Author: H. J. Tang, L. J. Han, K. B. Mao, W. Zhang, and C. Y. Gao
Subjects: Hydrology, Effective precipitation, Low resolution, Environmental science, Physical geography, China, Microwave radiometry, Water content
Abstract: The five provinces (Yunan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing) in the Southwest of China experience a long drought, which has no effective precipitation in most parts of Yunnan from September 2009 to April 2010. The drought is the largest in the Yunnan province in the passed one hundred years. This paper uses MPI (Microwave Polarization Index) to retrieve soil moisture, and the comparison and analysis indicate that the MPI method can be used to monitor the drought. Due to the low resolution of AMSR-E, many researches should be made further.
Published: 2010
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48. Enhanced excitatory and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission contribute to persistent pain-induced neuronal hyper-responsiveness in anterior cingulate cortex

Author: C.-Y. Gao, Y.-Y. An, Ying He, Jun Chen, Haiyun Li, F.-L. Cao, Qing Lin, Fu-Kang Zhang, Kerui Gong, and Dan-Dan Wang
Subjects: Cingulate cortex, Male, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Biophysics, Action Potentials, Pain, Tetrodotoxin, Neurotransmission, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Bicuculline, Gyrus Cinguli, Synaptic Transmission, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, medicine, Animals, Patch clamp, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists, Anterior cingulate cortex, 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, Neurons, Analysis of Variance, Chemistry, General Neuroscience, Neural Inhibition, Electric Stimulation, Rats, Bee Venoms, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nociception, Hyperalgesia, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, medicine.symptom, Neuroscience, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Sodium Channel Blockers
Abstract: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the affective dimension of pain. Although much evidence has pointed to an increased excitatory synaptic transmission in the ACC in some of the pathological pain state, the inhibitory synaptic transmission in this process has not been well studied. Also, the overall changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission have not been comparatively studied in an animal model displaying both long-term persistent nociception and hyperalgesia. Here we used patch clamp recordings in ACC brain slices to observe the changes in synaptic transmission in a pain model induced by peripheral bee venom injection. First, we show that, comparing with those of naive and saline controlled rats, there was a significant increase in spike frequency in ACC neurons harvested from rats after 2 h period of peripheral persistent painful stimuli. Second, it is further shown that the frequency, amplitude and half-width were all increased in spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs), while the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) was decreased. The recordings of miniature post-synaptic currents demonstrate an increase in frequency of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and a decrease in both frequency and amplitude of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in rats' ACC slice of bee venom treatment. Taken together, the present results demonstrate an unparalleled change between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the ACC under a state of peripheral persistent nociception that might be underlying mechanisms of the excessive excitability of the ACC neurons. We propose that the painful stimuli when lasts or becomes persistent may cause a disruption of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission that can contribute to the functional change in the ACC.
Published: 2010

49. FE Realization of a Thermo-Visco-Plastic Constitutive Model using VUMAT in ABAQUS/Explicit Program

Author: C. Y. Gao
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Bar (music), Subroutine, Constitutive equation, Isotropy, Structural engineering, Function (mathematics), symbols.namesake, Jacobian matrix and determinant, symbols, Euler's formula, Applied mathematics, business, Realization (systems)
Abstract: ABAQUS software has provided many kinds of element types and material models in its program for users. But with the rapid development of industrial technology the material models in existed material library cannot well describe some special problems such as ultra-high-speed cutting. Fortunately, ABAQUS provides the redevelopment function for users by allowing them introduce user materials subroutine (UMAT) into the main program to solve their practical problems accurately. In this paper, the method of how to realize a user-defined material model in ABAQUS/Explicit by the explicit user materials subroutine (VUMAT) is presented in details. Compared with UMAT in ABAQUS/Standard, VUMAT adopts explicit difference integration (like Euler methods) as its stress updating algorithm, so it doesn’t need iterations and Jacobian but requires a stable limit ( Δt max ) determined by minimum characteristic element length and elastic wave speed of the material. Although the examples of user subroutine for isotropic and kinematic hardening models have been given in ABAQUS manual, the realization of the more complex constitutive models that consider rate effect and thermal softening effect is still uninvestigated and remains difficult to users. For this thermal-coupled rate-typed constitutive model, the general expression of one-dimensional form can be written as $ \sigma = (A + B\bar \varepsilon _p^n )f(\mathop {\bar \varepsilon }\limits^. _p ,T) $.
Published: 2007
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50. [Purification and biological activity of rh-leptin expressed in Escherichia coli]

Author: Y R, Zhao, J F, Wang, L, You, C Y, Gao, Z G, Tian, J, Zhang, N, Han, J, Yin, and R, Sun
Subjects: Leptin, Eating, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Escherichia coli, Animals, Humans, Female, Weight Gain, Recombinant Proteins
Abstract: The human leptin was successfully expressed with high level in E. coli under the control of PL promotor. The yield of recombinant protein was over 40% of total cellular protein and expressed as inclusion bodies. The recombinant human leptin (rh-leptin) was purified with gel filtration, anion-exchange and reverse chromatography. Refolding was achieved by gradually reducing denaturant using a diafiltration method. The refolded rh-leptin was characterized by SDS-PAGE, Western-blotting and its first 15 amino acid residues sequence of the N-terminal. The purified product was found to be biologically active, reducing the food intake and body weight gain upon testing in BALB/c mice.
Published: 2001

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