28 results on '"C. W. Hoyt"'
Search Results
2. Visible light photonic integrated Brillouin laser
- Author
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Andrew Jayich, C. Fertig, Nitesh Chauhan, Daniel J. Blumenthal, Andrei Isichenko, Jiawei Wang, Ryan O. Behunin, C. W. Hoyt, Kaikai Liu, Qiancheng Zhao, and Peter T. Rakich
- Subjects
Materials science ,Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physics::Optics ,Micro-optics ,Waveguide (optics) ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Laser linewidth ,Brillouin scattering ,law ,Lasers, LEDs and light sources ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Integrated optics ,General Chemistry ,Laser ,Atomic clock ,Brillouin zone ,Optoelectronics ,Photonics ,business ,Optics (physics.optics) ,Visible spectrum ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Narrow linewidth visible light lasers are critical for atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) applications including atomic clocks, quantum computing, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, and sensing. Historically, such lasers are implemented at the tabletop scale, using semiconductor lasers stabilized to large optical reference cavities. Photonic integration of high spectral-purity visible light sources will enable experiments to increase in complexity and scale. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a promising approach to realize highly coherent on-chip visible light laser emission. While progress has been made on integrated SBS lasers at telecommunications wavelengths, barriers have existed to translate this performance to the visible, namely the realization of Brillouin-active waveguides in ultra-low optical loss photonics. We have overcome this barrier, demonstrating the first visible light photonic integrated SBS laser, which operates at 674 nm to address the 88Sr+ optical clock transition. To guide the laser design, we use a combination of multi-physics simulation and Brillouin spectroscopy in a 2 meter spiral waveguide to identify the 25.110 GHz first order Stokes frequency shift and 290 MHz gain bandwidth. The laser is implemented in an 8.9 mm radius silicon nitride all-waveguide resonator with 1.09 dB per meter loss and Q of 55.4 Million. Lasing is demonstrated, with an on-chip 14.7 mW threshold, a 45% slope efficiency, and linewidth narrowing as the pump is increased from below threshold to 269 Hz. To illustrate the wavelength flexibility of this design, we also demonstrate lasing at 698 nm, the wavelength for the optical clock transition in neutral strontium. This demonstration of a waveguide-based, photonic integrated SBS laser that operates in the visible, and the reduced size and sensitivity to environmental disturbances, shows promise for diverse AMO applications., 23 pages, 10 figures
- Published
- 2021
3. Ultra-low loss visible light waveguides for integrated atomic, molecular, and quantum photonics
- Author
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Nitesh Chauhan, Jiawei Wang, Debapam Bose, Kaikai Liu, R. L. Compton, C. Fertig, C. W. Hoyt, and Daniel J. Blumenthal
- Subjects
Communications Technologies ,Optics ,Optical Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics - Abstract
Atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) visible light systems are the heart of precision applications including quantum, atomic clocks and precision metrology. As these systems scale in terms of number of lasers, wavelengths, and optical components, their reliability, space occupied, and power consumption will push the limits of using traditional laboratory-scale lasers and optics. Visible light photonic integration is critical to advancing AMO based sciences and applications, yet key performance aspects remain to be addressed, most notably waveguide losses and laser phase noise and stability. Additionally, a visible light integrated solution needs to be wafer-scale CMOS compatible and capable of supporting a wide array of photonic components. While the regime of ultra-low loss has been achieved at telecommunication wavelengths, progress at visible wavelengths has been limited. Here, we report the lowest waveguide losses and highest resonator Qs to date in the visible range, to the best of our knowledge. We report waveguide losses at wavelengths associated with strontium transitions in the 461 nm to 802 nm wavelength range, of 0.01 dB/cm to 0.09 dB/cm and associated intrinsic resonator Q of 60 Million to 9.5 Million, a decrease in loss by factors of 6x to 2x and increase in Q by factors of 10x to 1.5x over this visible wavelength range. Additionally, we measure an absorption limited loss and Q of 0.17 dB/m and 340 million at 674 nm. This level of performance is achieved in a wafer-scale foundry compatible Si3N4 platform with a 20 nm thick core and TEOS-PECVD deposited upper cladding oxide, and enables waveguides for different wavelengths to be fabricated on the same wafer with mask-only changes per wavelength. These results represent a significant step forward in waveguide platforms that operate in the visible, opening up a wide range of integrated applications that utilize atoms, ions and molecules including sensing, navigation, metrology and clocks.
- Published
- 2022
4. Optical frequency/wavelength references
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Z. W. Barber, Windell H. Oskay, G. Wilpers, Christopher W. Oates, J. C. Bergquist, Scott A. Diddams, Leo W. Hollberg, and C. W. Hoyt
- Subjects
Physics ,Gas-discharge lamp ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,Resonance ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Atomic clock ,law.invention ,Interferometry ,Wavelength ,Optics ,Orders of magnitude (time) ,law ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Spectroscopy ,business - Abstract
For more than 100 years, optical atomic/molecular frequency references have played important roles in science and technology, and provide standards enabling precision measurements. Frequency-stable optical sources have been central to experimental tests of Einstein's relativity, and also serve to realize our base unit of length. The technology has evolved from atomic discharge lamps and interferometry, to narrow atomic resonances in laser-cooled atoms that are probed by frequency-stabilized cw lasers that in turn control optical frequency synthesizers (combs) based on ultra-fast mode-locked lasers. Recent technological advances have improved the performance of optical frequency references by almost four orders of magnitude in the last eight years. This has stimulated new enthusiasm for the development of optical atomic clocks, and allows new probes into nature, such as searches for time variation of fundamental constants and precision spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2005
5. High-power picosecond optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate
- Author
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Majid Ebrahim-Zadeh, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, and C. W. Hoyt
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Lithium niobate ,Fresnel equations ,Signal ,Optical parametric amplifier ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Full width at half maximum ,Optics ,chemistry ,Picosecond ,Optical parametric oscillator ,Lithium triborate ,business - Abstract
A high-power picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a 47-mm periodically poled lithium niobate crystal is described. More than 12 W of total average power-almost 8 W of signal power at 1.85 microm and more than 4 W of idler radiation at 2.5 microm -is simultaneously extracted from less than 18 W of average pump power. The OPO is synchronously pumped by 80-ps (FWHM) cw mode-locked pulses at 1.064 microm , and its output is tunable from 1.7 to 2.84microm . Nearly transform-limited signal pulses are obtained following the introduction of two intracavity etalons.
- Published
- 2007
6. Optical lattice induced light shifts in an yb atomic clock
- Author
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Alexey V. Taichenachev, V. I. Yudin, C. W. Hoyt, Scott A. Diddams, Tara M. Fortier, Nathan D. Lemke, Jason Stalnaker, Z. W. Barber, Leo W. Hollberg, Nicola Poli, and Christopher W. Oates
- Subjects
Ytterbium ,Physics ,Optical lattice ,Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Hyperpolarizability ,Resonance ,Atomic clock ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Wavelength ,chemistry ,Light Shift ,Polarizability ,Optical clock ,atomic clock ,Atomic physics - Abstract
We present an experimental study of the lattice induced light shifts on the 1S_0-3P_0 optical clock transition (v_clock~518 THz) in neutral ytterbium. The ``magic'' frequency, v_magic, for the 174Yb isotope was determined to be 394 799 475(35)MHz, which leads to a first order light shift uncertainty of 0.38 Hz on the 518 THz clock transition. Also investigated were the hyperpolarizability shifts due to the nearby 6s6p 3P_0 - 6s8p 3P_0, 6s8p 3P_2, and 6s5f 3F_2 two-photon resonances at 759.708 nm, 754.23 nm, and 764.95 nm respectively. By tuning the lattice frequency over the two-photon resonances and measuring the corresponding clock transition shifts, the hyperpolarizability shift was estimated to be 170(33) mHz for a linear polarized, 50 uK deep, lattice at the magic wavelength. In addition, we have confirmed that a circularly polarized lattice eliminates the J=0 - J=0 two-photon resonance. These results indicate that the differential polarizability and hyperpolarizability frequency shift uncertainties in a Yb lattice clock could be held to well below 10^-17., Accepted to PRL
- Published
- 2007
7. The Yb and Ca Standards: Approaches to High Stability, High Accuracy, and Transportable Optical Atomic Clocks
- Author
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Leo W. Hollberg, Christopher W. Oates, C. W. Hoyt, Tara M. Fortier, Scott A. Diddams, Jason Stalnaker, Z. W. Barber, and Y. Le Coq
- Subjects
Physics ,Ytterbium ,chemistry ,Radiation pressure ,Energetic neutral atom ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Atomic physics ,Stability (probability) ,Atomic clock - Abstract
This talk presents two different types of neutral atom optical clocks and emphasizes the systems' differences in potential performance and complexity. Approaches in attaining high stability, high accuracy, and transportable optical atomic clocks are discussed in detail.
- Published
- 2007
8. Stable Laser System for Probing the Clock Transition at 578 nm in Neutral Ytterbium
- Author
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Z. W. Barber, T.M. Fortier, Leo W. Hollberg, Christopher W. Oates, C. W. Hoyt, Jason Stalnaker, and Scott A. Diddams
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Ytterbium ,Distributed feedback laser ,Materials science ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Laser ,Waveguide (optics) ,Atomic clock ,law.invention ,Finesse ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Nd:YAG laser ,Fiber laser ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
We describe a new laser system we have developed to probe the ultra-narrow 1S0 harr 3P0 clock transition at 578 nm in neutral ytterbium. The yellow light is produced by sum frequency generation in a periodically poled waveguide. With approximately 100 mW each from a fiber laser and Nd:YAG laser, we produce 10 mW of visible light. Stabilization of the laser to a resonance of a high finesse, environmentally isolated cavity has enabled resolution of spectroscopic features as narrow as 5 Hz.
- Published
- 2007
9. Optical Clocks for Precision Timing Using Solid State Lasers
- Author
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Yann Le Coq, Scott A. Diddams, Leo W. Hollberg, Tara M. Fortier, Christopher W. Oates, Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, and Jason Stalnaker
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,law ,Precision spectroscopy ,Solid-state ,Nanotechnology ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Laser ,Engineering physics ,Atomic clock ,law.invention - Abstract
Revolutionary advances in the performance of atomic clocks results from some new ideas, precision spectroscopy of ultra-cold atoms, and maturing technologies of stable lasers. Frequency stabilized solid-state lasers are playing an increasingly important roles.
- Published
- 2007
10. Optical Atomic Clocks Based Upon Neutral Atoms
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Jason Stalnaker, Leo W. Hollberg, Z. W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, Christopher W. Oates, and Yann LeCoq
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Ytterbium ,Energetic neutral atom ,Chemistry ,Laser cooling ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Atomic physics ,Spectroscopy ,Measure (mathematics) ,Instability ,Laser beams ,Atomic clock - Abstract
We report on two optical clocks: one uses freely expanding calcium atoms, while the other is based on lattice-confined ytterbium. We measure a fractional instability between the clocks of 4 x 10-16@ 100 s.
- Published
- 2007
11. Stability Measurements of the Ca and Yb Optical Frequency Standards
- Author
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Z. W. Barber, Jason Stalnaker, Yann Le Coq, Tara M. Fortier, Leo W. Hollberg, Christopher W. Oates, C. W. Hoyt, and Scott A. Diddams
- Subjects
Ytterbium ,Optical lattice ,Materials science ,Physics::Optics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Stability (probability) ,Atomic clock ,Frequency comb ,chemistry ,Optical frequencies ,Yield (chemistry) ,Atom optics ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Atomic physics - Abstract
The paper describes two types of optical atomic clocks. The first is based on freely expanding calcium atoms and is optimized for experimental simplicity and high stability. The second is based on Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice that is designed to yield minimal shifts for the clock transition at 578 nm. Measurements of the effective beatnote between the clocks via a femtosecond-laser frequency comb show a fractional frequency instability of
- Published
- 2006
12. Direct Excitation of the Forbidden Clock Transition in NeutralYb174Atoms Confined to an Optical Lattice
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C. W. Hoyt, Leo W. Hollberg, A. V. Taichenachev, Christopher W. Oates, Z. W. Barber, and V. I. Yudin
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Physics ,Optical lattice ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Atomic clock ,Magnetic field ,symbols.namesake ,Wavelength ,Stark effect ,Lattice (order) ,symbols ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Atomic physics ,Electric dipole transition ,Excitation - Abstract
We report direct single-laser excitation of the strictly forbidden clock transition in atoms confined to a 1D optical lattice. A small () static magnetic field was used to induce a nonzero electric dipole transition probability between the clock states at 578.42 nm. Narrow resonance linewidths of 20 Hz (FWHM) with high contrast were observed, demonstrating a resonance quality factor of . The previously unknown ac Stark shift-canceling (magic) wavelength was determined to be . This method for using the metrologically superior even isotope can be easily implemented in current Yb and Sr lattice clocks and can create new clock possibilities in other alkaline-earth-like atoms such as Mg and Ca.
- Published
- 2006
13. High resolution spectroscopy of optical lattice-confined 174Yb
- Author
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Leo W. Hollberg, C. W. Hoyt, Z. W. Barber, and Christopher W. Oates
- Subjects
Optical lattice ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,High resolution ,Magnetic field ,Metrology ,Optics ,Clock transition ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Atomic physics ,business ,Spectroscopy ,Laser beams - Abstract
We report high resolution spectroscopy of optical lattice-confined 174Yb atoms. We demonstrate spectroscopic linewidths as narrow as 4 Hz (full-width at half-maximum) using the highly forbidden clock transition (1S0-3P0) in a one-dimensional optical lattice.
- Published
- 2006
14. Observation of 20 Hz-wide optical clock spectra in even-isotope Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice
- Author
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Christopher W. Oates, Leo W. Hollberg, C. W. Hoyt, V. I. Yudin, Z. W. Barber, and A. V. Taichenachev
- Subjects
Ytterbium ,Optical lattice ,Materials science ,Isotope ,Physics::Optics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Atomic clock ,Spectral line ,Magnetic field ,chemistry ,Atom optics ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Atomic physics ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
We report the first spectroscopy of optical lattice-confined Yb atoms. We demonstrate 20 Hz linewidths using the highly forbidden clock transition (1S 0 -3P 0 ) in metrologically superior even-isotope 174Yb atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice.
- Published
- 2006
15. Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice
- Author
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Z W, Barber, C W, Hoyt, C W, Oates, L, Hollberg, A V, Taichenachev, and V I, Yudin
- Abstract
We report direct single-laser excitation of the strictly forbidden (6s2)1S0--(6s6p)3P0 clock transition in 174Yb atoms confined to a 1D optical lattice. A small (approximately 1.2 mT) static magnetic field was used to induce a nonzero electric dipole transition probability between the clock states at 578.42 nm. Narrow resonance linewidths of 20 Hz (FWHM) with high contrast were observed, demonstrating a resonance quality factor of 2.6 x 10(13). The previously unknown ac Stark shift-canceling (magic) wavelength was determined to be 759.35 +/- 0.02 nm. This method for using the metrologically superior even isotope can be easily implemented in current Yb and Sr lattice clocks and can create new clock possibilities in other alkaline-earth-like atoms such as Mg and Ca.
- Published
- 2005
16. Absolute frequency measurements of the /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 3/P/sub 0/ optical clock transition at 578 nm in neutral Yb
- Author
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Scott A. Diddams, Zeb W. Barber, C. W. Hoyt, Christopher W. Oates, Tara M. Fortier, and Leo W. Hollberg
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,Ytterbium ,Isotope ,Absolute frequency ,Clock rate ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Atomic clock ,chemistry ,Lattice (order) ,Excited state ,Laser cooling ,Atom optics ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Atomic physics ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.
- Published
- 2005
17. Observation and Absolute Frequency Measurements of theS01-P03Optical Clock Transition in Neutral Ytterbium
- Author
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C. W. Hoyt, Leo W. Hollberg, Christopher W. Oates, Z. W. Barber, Tara M. Fortier, and Scott A. Diddams
- Subjects
Ytterbium ,Physics ,Optical lattice ,Absolute frequency ,Optical transition ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,chemistry ,Optical clock ,Absorption (logic) ,Laser frequency ,Atomic physics ,Excitation - Abstract
We report the direct excitation of the highly forbidden $(6{s}^{2})^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}(6s6p)^{3}P_{0}$ optical transition in two odd isotopes of neutral ytterbium. As the excitation laser frequency is scanned, absorption is detected by monitoring the depletion from an atomic cloud at $\ensuremath{\sim}70\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency in $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ ($\mathrm{F}=1/2$) is $518\text{ }295\text{ }836\text{ }591.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kHz}$. The measured frequency in $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ ($\mathrm{F}=5/2$) is $518\text{ }294\text{ }576\text{ }847.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kHz}$. Measurements are made with a femtosecond-laser frequency comb calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology cesium fountain clock and represent nearly a ${10}^{6}$-fold reduction in uncertainty. The natural linewidth of these $J=0$ to $J=0$ transitions is calculated to be $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mHz}$, making them well suited to support a new generation of optical atomic clocks based on confinement in an optical lattice.
- Published
- 2005
18. Observation and absolute frequency measurements of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition in neutral ytterbium
- Author
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C W, Hoyt, Z W, Barber, C W, Oates, T M, Fortier, S A, Diddams, and L, Hollberg
- Abstract
We report the direct excitation of the highly forbidden (6s2) 1S0--(6s6p) 3P0 optical transition in two odd isotopes of neutral ytterbium. As the excitation laser frequency is scanned, absorption is detected by monitoring the depletion from an atomic cloud at approximately 70 microK in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency in 171Yb (F=1/2) is 518,295,836,591.6 +/- 4.4 kHz. The measured frequency in 173Yb (F=5/2) is 518,294,576,847.6 +/- 4.4 kHz. Measurements are made with a femtosecond-laser frequency comb calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology cesium fountain clock and represent nearly a 10(6)-fold reduction in uncertainty. The natural linewidth of these J=0 to J=0 transitions is calculated to be approximately 10 mHz, making them well suited to support a new generation of optical atomic clocks based on confinement in an optical lattice.
- Published
- 2005
19. Magnetic field-induced spectroscopy of forbidden optical transitions with application to lattice-based optical atomic clocks
- Author
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Christopher W. Oates, Leo W. Hollberg, C. W. Hoyt, V. I. Yudin, A. V. Taichenachev, and Z. W. Barber
- Subjects
Physics ,Optical lattice ,Condensed matter physics ,Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Laser ,Magnetostatics ,Atomic clock ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,law.invention ,Magnetic field ,law ,Lattice (order) ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Atomic physics ,Spectroscopy ,Excitation - Abstract
We develop a method of spectroscopy that uses a weak static magnetic field to enable direct optical excitation of forbidden electric-dipole transitions that are otherwise prohibitively weak. The power of this scheme is demonstrated using the important application of optical atomic clocks based on neutral atoms confined to an optical lattice. The simple experimental implementation of this method -- a single clock laser combined with a DC magnetic field-- relaxes stringent requirements in current lattice-based clocks (e.g., magnetic field shielding and light polarization), and could therefore expedite the realization of the extraordinary performance level predicted for these clocks. We estimate that a clock using alkaline earth-like atoms such as Yb could achieve a fractional frequency uncertainty of well below 10^-17 for the metrologically preferred even isotopes.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Optical clocks with cold atoms
- Author
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Leo W. Hollberg, Christopher W. Oates, Albrecht Bartels, T. M. Ramond, G. Wilpers, C. W. Hoyt, Scott A. Diddams, and A. Curtis
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,Oscillation ,business.industry ,Laser source ,Physics::Optics ,Resonance ,Laser ,Atomic clock ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Laser cooling ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,business ,Quantum clock - Abstract
This paper discusses an optical atomic clock that uses a narrow atomic resonance to control the frequency of a spectrally narrow laser source. The atomically controlled frequency of the laser gives the clock oscillation frequency as an optical output and provides the stable reference for frequency and timing.
- Published
- 2004
21. The era of coherent optical frequency references
- Author
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Leo W. Hollberg, Z. W. Barber, Christopher W. Oates, C. W. Hoyt, A. Bartels, Scott A. Diddams, and G. Wilpers
- Subjects
Optical amplifier ,Physics ,Distributed feedback laser ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,Laser pumping ,Laser ,Waveguide (optics) ,Atomic clock ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Semiconductor optical gain ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,business ,Tunable laser - Abstract
In the past four years have shown a dramatic improvement in the performance of optical frequency references and in the methods by which they are calibrated and utilized. These revolutionary changes result from better stabilized lasers that probe narrow-linewidth transitions in laser-cooled atoms and ions, and from the development of a convenient method for synthesizing, measuring and distributing optical frequencies based on mode-locked lasers.
- Published
- 2004
22. Solid-State Optical Cooler Developments
- Author
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C. W. Hoyt, J. E. Anderson, B. C. Edwards, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, and Richard I. Epstein
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Optical materials ,Solid-state ,New materials ,Mechanical engineering ,Cryocooler ,Atmospheric temperature range ,business ,Engineering physics ,Optical coupling ,Laser light - Abstract
Optical cooling of solids was first demonstrated in 1995. Since that time our efforts have concentrated on using this phenomenon to produce a viable optical cryocooler. A bench-top, solid-state optical cooler was demonstrated recently with 54 °C of cooling from room temperature and a heat lift of 25 mW when it was pumped with 1.6 watts of laser light. Based on the bench-top cooler results a compact, rugged, self-contained system with laser-diode pumping is being constructed as a prototype for research and commercial applications. Recent results, designs and plans for future work are discussed. In addition to prototype work, our efforts have continued on producing additional optical materials which demonstrate optical cooling and will improve the efficiency and useful temperature range of optical coolers. New materials with promising results are discussed.
- Published
- 2002
23. Observation of anti-stokes fluorescence cooling in thulium-doped glass
- Author
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J. E. Anderson, Richard I. Epstein, C. W. Hoyt, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, and B. C. Edwards
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Single pass ,Thulium ,chemistry ,Absorbed power ,Doping ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fluorescence - Abstract
We report the first observation of anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling in a thulium-doped solid with pump excitation at $1.82\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}l\ensuremath{\lambda}l1.97\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. At a pump wavelength of $1.9\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and incident average power of $\ensuremath{\sim}3\mathrm{W}$, a ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$:ZBLANP ( ${\mathrm{ZrF}}_{4}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{AlF}}_{3}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{NaF}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{PbF}}_{2}$) sample cooled to $\ensuremath{-}1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ from room temperature for a single pass of the pump beam. This corresponds to an absorbed pump power of $\ensuremath{\sim}40\mathrm{mW}$ and a peak temperature change per absorbed power of $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{W}$ from room temperature.
- Published
- 2000
24. Stability Measurements of the Ca and Yb Optical Frequency Standards.
- Author
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C. W. Oates, C. W. Hoyt, Y. Le Coq, Z. W. Barber, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Advances in laser cooling of thulium-doped glass
- Author
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Michael P. Hasselbeck, Richard I. Epstein, James Distel, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, C. W. Hoyt, Scott R. Greenfield, J. Thiede, and J. Valencia
- Subjects
Materials science ,Dye laser ,Resolved sideband cooling ,business.industry ,Refrigerator car ,Physics::Optics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Optical pumping ,Thulium ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Laser cooling ,Quantum efficiency ,business - Abstract
Recent developments in cooling thulium-doped heavy-metal fluoride glass are presented. Thulium-doped fluorozirconate (ZBLANP) is cooled to 19 K below ambient with a multiple-pass pump scheme. This represents over an order of magnitude increase from the previously reported single-pass geometry. The results agree with a simple model for anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling that includes considerations of quantum efficiency and parasitic heating mechanisms. Issues relating to a practical optical refrigerator are examined, including a general model for the effects of multiple pump passes.
- Published
- 2003
26. Endoscopy revisited
- Author
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F L, Mendez, C W, Hoyt, and E R, Maurer
- Subjects
Humans ,Endoscopy - Published
- 1966
27. The Yb optical lattice clock
- Author
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Nicola Poli, Steven R. Jefferts, Jason Stalnaker, Z. W. Barber, Leo W. Hollberg, Thomas E. Parker, Nathan D. Lemke, Christopher W. Oates, J. C. Bergquist, Tara M. Fortier, Andrew D. Ludlow, A. Brusch, C. W. Hoyt, Thomas P. Heavner, L . Ma, and Scott A. Diddams
- Subjects
Alkaline earth metal ,Optical lattice ,Materials science ,Energetic neutral atom ,Lattice (order) ,Atomic physics ,Optical clocks ,Optical frequency standards ,Optical lattices ,Metrology - Abstract
At the previous Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, H. Katori proposed using IS0 ---->3pO transitions in alkaline earth like atoms to make high performance optical clocks based on large numbers of neutral atoms tightly confined in an optical lattice. 1 This proposal was based on the use of Sr atoms, as were the initial experiments.24 In 2004 Porsev et al. proposed the use of the analogous transition in Yb at 578 nm,5 and we have been developing lattice clocks based on Yb over the past four years. While there are considerable similarities between the Sr and Yb atomic systems, there are also some important differences. Most significantly, Yb has an
28. Optical frequency/wavelength references.
- Author
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L Hollberg, C W Oates, G Wilpers, C W Hoyt, Z W Barber, S A Diddams, and W H Oskay and J C Bergquist
- Published
- 2005
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