1. Characterization of the Circadian System of NGFI-A and NGFI-A/NGFI-B Deficient Mice
- Author
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Thomas S. Kilduff, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Stephen L. Lee, Jens D. Mikkelsen, H. C. Heller, Bruce F. O'Hara, and C. Vugrinic
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Receptors, Steroid ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Rodent ,Physiology ,Photic Stimulation ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Motor Activity ,Immediate early protein ,Immediate-Early Proteins ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cricetinae ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Circadian rhythm ,Receptor ,Early Growth Response Protein 1 ,Genetics ,Messenger RNA ,biology ,Wild type ,Retinal ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Circadian Rhythm ,Rats ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ,sense organs ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The genes NGFI-A (also known as EGR-1, zif/268, and Krox-24) and NGFI-B ( nur/77) have previously been shown to be induced in the SCN of rats and hamsters by photic stimulation during the subjective night. The purpose of this study is to determine whether these genes are also induced in the SCN of mice and, if so, to characterize the circadian system of animals in which either NGFI-A or both NGFI-A and NGFI-B were eliminated by homologous recombination. In wildtype mice, NGFI-A mRNA was found to be induced in the SCN as in other rodent species. Therefore, wheel-running activity was recorded from null mutants and wildtype controls under LD 12:12 and DD conditions. Mice of all three strains appeared to entrain normally to LD 12:12 and could re-entrain to both phase advances and phase delays of the light cycle. The response of the circadian pacemaker of all three genotypes to acute light pulses appeared to be normal. The retinal innervation of the SCN in NGFI-A-/- mice and the photic induction of Fos in the SCN of both NGFI-A-/- and NGFI-A-/-B-/- mice were indistinguishable from wildtype mice. These results indicate that induction of NGFI-A and NGFI-B is not required for photic entrainment or phase shifting of the mouse circadian system.
- Published
- 1998
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