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1. Barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening services in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review

Author

Z. Petersen, A. Jaca, T. G. Ginindza, G. Maseko, S. Takatshana, P. Ndlovu, N. Zondi, N. Zungu, C. Varghese, G. Hunting, G. Parham, P. Simelela, and S. Moyo

Subjects
Cervical cancer, Screening, Social ecological model, Low-and-middle-income countries, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Objectives Low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer mortality. We aimed to identify what is currently known about barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in LMICs and propose remedial actions. Design This was a systematic review using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We also contacted medical associations and universities for grey literature and checked reference lists of eligible articles for relevant literature published in English between 2010 and 2020. We summarized the findings using a descriptive narrative based on themes identified as levels of the social ecological model. Setting We included studies conducted in LMICs published in English between 2010 and 2020. Participants We included studies that reported on barriers to cervical cancer screening among women 15 years and older, eligible for cervical cancer screening. Results Seventy-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified individual, cultural/traditional and religious, societal, health system, and structural barriers to screening. Lack of knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer in general and of screening were the most frequent individual level barriers. Cultural/traditional and religious barriers included prohibition of screening and unsupportive partners and families, while social barriers were largely driven by community misconceptions. Health system barriers included policy and programmatic factors, and structural barriers were related to geography, education and cost. Underlying reasons for these barriers included limited information about cervical cancer and screening as a preventive strategy, poorly resourced health systems that lacked policies or implemented them poorly, generalised limited access to health services, and gender norms that deprioritize the health needs of women. Conclusion A wide range of barriers to screening were identified across most LMICs. Urgent implementation of clear policies supported by health system capacity for implementation, community wide advocacy and information dissemination, strengthening of policies that support women’s health and gender equality, and targeted further research are needed to effectively address the inequitable burden of cervical cancer in LMICs.

Published
2022
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2. Kerala acute heart failure registry—Rationale, design and methods

Author

Joseph Stigi, A. Jabir, G. Sanjay, Jeemon Panniyammakal, C. Varghese Anwar, and S. Harikrishnan

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is recognized as a major public health problem in both the low and high- income countries. However, data are scarce on the burden, prevailing practice patterns and long-term health outcomes of HF patients in India. The Kerala heart failure registry (KHFR) is a multi-centric, prospective, and hospital based registry in Kerala, India. Consecutive patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute heart failure satisfying the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria will be enrolled in the registry. Data on demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, other diagnostics and therapeutic approaches employed and the usage of guideline based medical therapy will be collected as part of the registry. Additionally, all registered patients will be followed-up regularly at 1-month, and thereafter at every 3-months. Both mortality and hospital admission data will be collected during the follow-up visits. We will be recruiting 7500 HF patients in the KHFR. Once completed, KFHR is going to be the largest HF registry in India. We will validate a HF mortality risk score developed based on a previously conducted Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry in the KHFR patients. Keywords: Heart failure, Registry, Coronary artery disease, Cardiomyopathy, Guideline directed medical therapy

Published
2018
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3. Identification of the Best-Fit Probability Distribution and Modeling Short-Duration Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves—Mangalore

Author

Femin, C. Varghese, Varija, K., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Narasimhan, M. C., editor, George, Varghese, editor, Udayakumar, G., editor, and Kumar, Anil, editor

Published
2021
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4. The cirrhosis care Alberta (CCAB) protocol: implementing an evidence-based best practice order set for the management of liver cirrhosis - a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial

Author

Michelle Carbonneau, Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, Ashley Hyde, Denise Campbell-Scherer, Peter Faris, Leah Gramlich, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Stephen E. Congly, Abdel Aziz Shaheen, Matthew Sadler, Marilyn Zeman, Jude Spiers, Juan G. Abraldes, Benjamin Sugars, Winnie Sia, Lee Green, Dalia Abdellatif, Jeffrey P. Schaefer, Vijeyakumar Selvarajah, Kaleb Marr, David Ryan, Yolande Westra, Neeja Bakshi, Jayant C. Varghese, and Puneeta Tandon

Subjects
Cirrhosis, Order set, Normalization process theory (NPT), Reach-effectiveness-adoption-implementation-maintenance (RE-AIM), Hybrid trial, Consolidated framework on implementation research (CFIR), Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Liver cirrhosis is a leading cause of morbidity, premature mortality and acute care utilization in patients with digestive disease. In the province of Alberta, hospital readmission rates for patients with cirrhosis are estimated at 44% at 90 days. For hospitalized patients, multiple care gaps exist, the most notable stemming from i) the lack of a structured approach to best practice care for cirrhosis complications, ii) the lack of a structured approach to broader health needs and iii) suboptimal preparation for transition of care into the community. Cirrhosis Care Alberta (CCAB) is a 4-year multi-component pragmatic trial which aims to address these gaps. The proposed intervention is initiated at the time of hospitalization through implementation of a clinical information system embedded electronic order set for delivering evidence-based best practices under real-world conditions. The overarching objective of the CCAB trial is to demonstrate effectiveness and implementation feasibility for use of the order set in routine patient care within eight hospital sites in Alberta. Methods A mixed methods hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation design will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the order set intervention. The primary outcome is a reduction in 90-day cumulative length of stay. Implementation outcomes such as reach, adoption, fidelity and maintenance will also be evaluated alongside other patient and service outcomes such as readmission rates, quality of care and cost-effectiveness. This theory-based trial will be guided by Normalization Process Theory, Consolidated Framework on Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework. Discussion The CCAB project is unique in its breadth, both in the comprehensiveness of the multi-component order set and also for the breadth of its roll-out. Lessons learned will ultimately inform the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach in “real-world” conditions as well as adoption and adaptation of these best practices within the rest of Alberta, other provinces in Canada, and beyond. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04149223 , November 4, 2019.

Published
2020
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7. Genus specific PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR for diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis

Author

S C VARGHESE and R S GANDGE

Subjects
Avian mycoplasmosis, Mycoplasma gallinarum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, PCR, RFLP, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis remains a serious problem, due to unusual nature of etiological agent. Although, many protocols for PCR are set with the published primers; they do not always yield vis-à-vis results under different existing conditions of laboratories. Therefore, the present research was aimed towards the optimization and evaluation of genus specific and multiplex PCR for molecular diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis. The research was carried out systematically where in first DNA extraction protocol was standardized followed by optimization of PCR. Using optimized protocols, screening of 165 clinical specimens from mycoplasmosis suspected birds was carried out employing genus specific PCR-RFLP, followed by the confirmation of positive samples by multiplex PCR assay and sequencing of unidentified PCR products. Phenol chloroform isoamyl method was found superior to rapid heat freeze method for extraction of better quality and quantity of DNA. Genus specific 16S rRNA based PCR-RFLP was found sensitive and convenient method for screening large number of clinical specimens for detection of mycoplasma infection.

Published
2020
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9. A Brief Overview of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Awareness of Adolescents in Kerala

Author

Paul, Anna Susan and Tharun C Varghese

Subjects
Adolescents, Sex education, Sexual and Reproductive health (SRH), Source of Information
Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical and challenging period of life. Many adolescents today have patchy knowledge on SRH issues, which may lead to risky decision making concerning their health. Kerala, though one of the most literate states in India, is yet to implement comprehensive sex education. Objectives: To list the sources of information and to study the awareness of adolescents on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) issues among high school students in Kerala. Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 8th, 9th, 10th class students. Multistage random sampling was conducted and a sample size of 338 was achieved. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version-23. Results were explained in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results: Mean age of the study population was 14.2 ±0.88 years; most of them were females (58%) and followed Christian religion (49%); belonged to urban areas. The major sources of information for adolescents regarding SRH matters like private parts, type of touch, response to sexual assault and menstruation was their mother. When it comes to puberty changes, both mother and teachers were the major sources. Media was the most common source of information regarding Masturbation, sexual contact, pregnancy, contraception, STDs, and sexual abuse. There is wide disparity in the awareness of adolescents on major SRH issues. Conclusions: India has the largest adolescent population, and it is a country known to have strict traditional values and age-old cultures and customs. Adequate information through parents may improve the knowledge on these issues. Age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education must be incorporated into their curriculum effectively to improve their SRH.

Published
2023
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10. O116 Clinical innovation network analysis (CINA) and readiness for implementation of novel digital health interventions for postoperative monitoring: a systematic review

Author

K McLean, S Knight, T Diehl, C Varghese, N Ng, M Potter, S Zafar, M Bouamrane, and E Harrison

Subjects
Surgery
Abstract

Introduction Increasing numbers of digital health interventions (DHIs) for remote postoperative monitoring have recently been developed and evaluated. We aimed to review DHIs for postoperative monitoring and evaluate their readiness for implementation into routine care. Methods This systematic review identified studies on implementation and evaluation of DHIs for postoperative monitoring published before 31st December 2021 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021264289). Studies which included postoperative monitoring use-cases for general postoperative recovery or specific complications were defined according to their IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term follow-up) stages of innovation. A novel clinical innovation network analysis (CINA) using co-authorship and citations of previous work was used to examine collaboration and progression. The WHO framework for monitoring and evaluating DHIs was used for narrative synthesis. Results Seventy-five novel DHIs were identified from 7,605 records. Of these, 76.0% (n= 57/75) were classed as early-stage innovations (IDEAL stage 1 & 2a), and none had achieved routine implementation. There is limited evidence of collaboration based on co-authorship or citations, with 91.3% (n=63/69) of studies beyond IDEAL stage 1 without prior publications. There were notable differences in evaluation, with clear omissions in evaluation across all use-cases: more than 4/5 studies did not consider the feasibility, accessibility, or impact of these interventions on the cost, efficiency or quality of care. Conclusion Use of DHIs for postoperative monitoring remains at an early stage of innovation, with promising but generally low-quality evidence. Comprehensive evaluation within high-quality, large-scale trials and real-world data are required to definitively establish readiness for routine implementation.

Published
2023
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13. OMICS: Current and future perspectives in reproductive medicine and technology

Author

Rocío Rivera Egea, Nicolás Garrido Puchalt, Marcos Meseguer Escrivá, and Alex C Varghese

Subjects
Biotechnological technologies, molecular biomarkers, OMICS, reproductive medicine, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Many couples present fertility problems at their reproductive age, and although in the last years, the efficiency of assisted reproduction techniques has increased, these are still far from being 100% effective. A key issue in this field is the proper assessment of germ cells, embryos and endometrium quality, in order to determine the actual likelihood to succeed. Currently available analysis is mainly based on morphological features of oocytes, sperm and embryos and although these strategies have improved the results, there is an urgent need of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The emergence of the - OMICS technologies (epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) permitted the improvement on the knowledge in this field, by providing with a huge amount of information regarding the biological processes involved in reproductive success, thereby getting a broader view of complex biological systems with a relatively low cost and effort.

Published
2014
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14. A Prospective Study on the Incidence and Outcome of Cranial Nerve Injuries in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

Author

Jim Mathew, Noufal Basheer, Jenimol C. Varghese, Rojan Kuruvilla, and Jacob P. Alappat

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Facial nerve, Surgery, Vestibulocochlear nerve, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, Olfactory nerve, Cranial Nerve Injury, medicine, In patient, Prospective cohort study, business
Abstract

Background Posttraumatic cranial nerve injuries are not uncommon and can occur by shearing forces, rapid acceleration/deceleration, or injury to the skull base. The incidence of cranial nerve injury in craniocerebral trauma varies between 5 and 23 percent in various literature. Methodology A prospective study was conducted on the incidence and outcome of cranial nerve injuries (CNI) in 256 consecutive cases of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Patients over the age of 5 years with a follow-up of 6 months in the period from September 2017 to November 2018 in our institution were sampled. Results A total of 256 patients were included in our study. The incidence of CNI in TBI patients was 14.8% (38 patients). Facial nerve was the most common cranial nerve to be involved, followed by olfactory nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve. Cranial nerve injury was more common in patients with severe head injury (p < 0.005), younger age group, associated base of skull fractures (p < 0.001), and facial fractures (p < 0.005). Twenty-eight patients (73.7%) had a delayed presentation of CNI (p < 0.001). Of the 73.6% patients who recovered, 16 (42%) patients had partial recovery, while 12 (31%) patients had complete recovery. Younger age group (p < 0.05) and delayed onset of deficit (p < 0.001) were associated with significant better outcome. Conclusions CNI are a major cause of morbidity in TBI patients. All patients admitted with TBI should be examined meticulously for CNI on follow-up.

Published
2021
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16. Sub‐chronic cadmium and lead compound exposure induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ in murine model: Attenuative effects of resveratrol

Author

Sreyashi Mitra, Tapas Patra, Depanwita Saha, Paramita Ghosh, Saunak Mitra Mustafi, Alex C. Varghese, and Nabendu Murmu

Subjects
Male, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, General Medicine, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Toxicology, Spermatozoa, Biochemistry, Mice, Lead, Testicular Neoplasms, Resveratrol, Semen, Testis, Animals, Humans, Molecular Medicine, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Molecular Biology, Cadmium
Abstract

Cadmium and lead are widespread, nonbiodegradable heavy metals of perpetual environmental concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate whether sub-chronic exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl

Published
2022
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17. Lead and cadmium exposure induces male reproductive dysfunction by modulating the expression profiles of apoptotic and survival signal proteins in tea-garden workers

Author

Parag Nandi, Syamsundar Mandal, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Nabendu Murmu, S. M. Rahman, Kushal Kumar Kar, Rinku Saha, Sreyashi Mitra, Alex C. Varghese, and Sayantan Bhattacharyya

Subjects
Adult, Male, Infertility, chemistry.chemical_element, Semen, 010501 environmental sciences, Semen analysis, Biology, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, 01 natural sciences, Camellia sinensis, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Malondialdehyde, Occupational Exposure, medicine, Humans, Infertility, Male, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Cadmium, Farmers, Sperm Count, medicine.diagnostic_test, Superoxide Dismutase, Tea garden, medicine.disease, Glutathione, Spermatozoa, Sperm, Semen Analysis, Lead, chemistry, Apoptosis, Environmental Pollutants, Comet Assay, Lipid Peroxidation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Oxidative stress
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) exposure at the molecular level on the reproductive status of tea garden workers in North-East India. Using semen samples, we experimentally determined sperm analysis as well as oxidative stress parameters in all samples and evaluated the expression levels of apoptotic and cell survival proteins [p53, phospho-Akt, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, p50 subunit) and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)]. Our data revealed significant differences in the average heavy metal concentrations and various semen analysis profile between the infertile and normal groups. Increasing Pb and Cd concentrations in semen samples of patients showed positive associations with increasing number of multiple defects in sperm and the level of seminal oxidative stress markers in the high Pb and Cd concentration groups. These groups also exhibited positive correlations between high metal concentrations and the average p53 expression levels, but negative correlations with the mean p-Akt cascade protein levels in sperm cells. In the low Pb and Cd concentrations groups, we also observed reverse mean range and correlation patterns. Therefore, our findings may suggest that graded levels of metal exposure significantly influence the relative fluctuation in the levels of p53 and Akt cascade proteins in the sperm cells of infertile subjects. Furthermore, this may be a regulating factor of sperm cell fate, in turn, determining the fertility outcome of the men working in the tea gardens.

Published
2020
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18. Sensitivity of PET estimation methods towards drought characterization under climate change in the Indian subcontinent

Author

Femin C Varghese and Subhasis Mitra

Subjects
parasitic diseases, fungi, food and beverages
Abstract

In the Indian subcontinent, the uncertainty associated with potential evapotranspiration (PET) over drought characterization is inadequately studied. This study was conducted to understand the sensitivity of PET estimation methods towards drought characterization using multiple PET-based drought indices under future climate change. We used eleven PET estimation methods (Blaney-Criddle (BC), Hamon (HM), Hargreaves (HG), Kharrufa (KF), Thornwaithe (TW), Dalton (DN), Meyer (MR), Irmak-Rn (IRN), Irmak-Rs (IRS), Priestley-Taylor (PT), and Penman-Monteith (PM)) for the future period (from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5). Further, for drought characterization six PET-based drought indices are utilized in this study: the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), the Supply-Demand Drought Index (SDDI), the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI), the Standardized Moisture Anomaly Index (SZI), and the Standardized Palmer Drought Index (SPDI). We also employed a variance-based global sensitivity analysis to determine the relative sensitivity of projected drought indices to the GCM and PET estimation methodologies under climate change scenarios. Results indicate that different PET-based drought indices show vastly different drought projections for the future, which is highly influenced by the PET methods. Overall, SPEI and SDDI produce comparable results, indicating an increase in future drought estimates compared to the rest (RDI, SPDI, SZI, and sc-PDSI). The TW method reported higher drought projections compared to other PET methods irrespective of the drought indices. This is due to the fact that the TW method also showed the highest increase in PET compared to the rest of the methods. Results from the sensitivity analysis indicate that all the drought indices are more sensitive to the choice of PET methods compared to the GCM. However, analysis was done after excluding the TW approach significantly altered the sensitivity, and GCMs were found to be more sensitive compared to PET methods. The results from this study reveal that drought projections derived from multiple PET estimation methodologies indicate drier conditions in the future, albeit at variable levels. Thus, the selection of the PET estimation method and drought index will be crucial in the Indian subcontinent for future drought investigations.

Published
2022
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20. Abdominal stab wounds with retained knife: 15 years of experience from a major trauma centre in South Africa

Author

V Kong, C Cheung, J Buitendag, N Rajaretnam, W Xu, C Varghese, J Bruce, G Laing, and D Clarke

Subjects
Surgery, General Medicine
Abstract

Introduction This study reviews our cumulative experience with the management of patients presenting with a retained knife following an abdominal stab wound (SW). Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma centre in South Africa over a 15-year period from July 2006 to December 2020 including all patients who presented with a retained knife in the abdomen following a SW. Results A total of 42 cases were included: 37 males (93%) with a mean age of 26 years. A total of 18 knives (43%) were in the anterior abdomen and 24 were posterior abdomen. Plain radiography was performed in 88% (37/42) of cases and computed tomography was performed in 81% (34/42); 90% (38/42) underwent extraction in the operating theatre. Laparotomy was performed in 62% (26/42). Of all the laparotomies performed, 77% (20/26) were positive for intra-abdominal organ or visceral injury. Overall morbidity was 31%. There were two mortalities (5%). Laparotomy was less commonly required for the posterior abdomen (33% (8/24) vs 100% (18/18), pConclusions Uncontrolled extraction of a retained knife in the abdomen outside of the operating theatre must be avoided. Retained knives in the anterior abdomen usually require formal laparotomy, but this is generally not required for posterior abdomen.

Published
2022

22. Laboratory handling of epididymal and testicular spermatozoa: What can be done to improve sperm injections outcome

Author

Sandro C Esteves and Alex C Varghese

Subjects
Assisted reproductive techniques, azoospermia, epididymis, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, male infertility, review, sperm processing techniques, sperm retrieval techniques, spermatozoa, testis, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Spermatozoa from azoospermic males can be retrieved from either the epididymis or the testis, depending on the type of azoospermia, using different surgical methods such as percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA), testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), testicular sperm extraction (TESE), and microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro- TESE). After collecting the epididymal fluid or testicular tissue, laboratory techniques are used to remove contaminants, cellular debris, noxious microorganisms, and red blood cells. Processed spermatozoa may be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection or eventually be cryopreserved. However, spermatozoa collected from either the epididymis or the testis are often compromised and more fragile than ejaculated ones. Therefore, sperm processing techniques should be used with great caution to avoid jeopardizing the sperm fertilizing potential in treatment cycles. In this review, we describe the current methods for processing surgically-retrieved specimens, either fresh or frozen- thawed, and provide the tips and pitfalls for facilitating the handling of such specimens. In addition, we present the available laboratory tools to aid in the identification of viable immotile spermatozoa to be used in conjunction with assisted reproductive techniques. Review of the literature was carried out using PubMed and Science Direct search engines.

Published
2012
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23. Management of penetrating thoracic trauma with retained knife blade: 15-year experience from a major trauma centre in South Africa

Author

V, Kong, C, Cheung, J, Buitendag, N, Rajaretnam, C, Varghese, A, Elsabagh, W, Bekker, J, Bruce, G, Laing, and D, Clarke

Subjects
Adult, Male, South Africa, Young Adult, Trauma Centers, Humans, Wounds, Penetrating, Wounds, Stab, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

This study reviews our experience with the management a retained knife in the setting of thoracic stab wounds.A retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma in South Africa over a 15-year period from January 2004 to December 2018.There were 40 patients, of whom 37 were males (93%). Median age was 24 years; 78% of cases (31 of 40) were a retained knife and 23% (9 of 40) were a retained blade. The locations of the stab wounds were 19 (48%) anterior and 21 (53%) posterior. Plain x-ray was performed in 85% (34) of patients and computed tomography angiography was performed in 85% (34). Six patients had haemodynamic instability and were expedited to the operating room without further imaging. Three of these had cardiac tamponade and three a massive haemothorax. Simple extraction and wound exploration were performed in 58% (23 of 40) of cases and the remaining 43% (17 of 40) required operative exploration and extraction. The operative approach was anterolateral thoracotomy in nine cases, posterolateral thoracotomy in four and median sternotomy in three cases. One patient required extraction and concurrent vertebral laminectomy due to cord compression. Twelve patients (30%) experienced complications (nine wound sepsis and three hospital-acquired pneumonia). There was one mortality (3%). The median length of hospital stay was 6 days.Uncontrolled extraction of a retained thoracic knife outside the operating room must be avoided. An unstable patient should proceed directly for operative exploration. For stable patients, cross-sectional imaging will allow for planned extraction in operating room.

Published
2021

25. Youth Athlete Development Models: A Narrative Review

Author

Mathew C. Varghese, Sonia Ruparell, and Cynthia R. LaBella

Subjects
biology, Adolescent, Athletes, business.industry, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Applied psychology, Youth Sports, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Context (language use), Evidence-based medicine, biology.organism_classification, Mental health, Special Issue: Training the Adolescent Athlete, Elite, Athletic Injuries, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Narrative review, business, Child, Recreation, Strengths and weaknesses, Sports
Abstract

Context: Physical activity has shown to be beneficial for the overall physical and mental health of youth. There has been an increasing focus on youth sports moving from a recreational activity to becoming a launching pad for participation at elite levels. Several models of athlete development have emerged to guide specialized and nonspecialized athletes at an age-appropriate level, taking into consideration their physical and mental development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence and theoretical models regarding youth athlete development and discuss broader initiatives for sports participation and future directions for the field. Evidence Acquisition: An electronic databases search, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, National Institutes of Health, UpToDate, and Springer was conducted. Articles from 1993 to 2021 were included. The search terms long term athlete development, LTAD model, youth physical development, youth athlete development, sports specialization, and pediatric athlete, among others, were used. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Levels 4 and 5. Results: Several models of youth athlete development are discussed in this article. More recent models have built on previous models to incorporate more age- and development-specific recommendations; however, no singular model could be identified as the gold standard for youth athlete development, especially given the lack of empirical data to support these models. Conclusion: Youth athlete development currently consists of several theoretical models, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, that can guide the training of young athletes to maximize their performance. Those involved in this process—physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, physical educators, and parents—should understand these various models and trial their various features to see what works best for their individual athlete with consideration given to factors such as their stage of development. Ultimately, more empirical data are required to definitively state which is the optimal approach.

Published
2021

26. P–782 A natural language processing approach of global survey results on what the embryologist thinks and faces

Author

Julius Hreinsson, Jonathan Mm. Hall, A Chatziparasidou, Alex C. Varghese, Michelle Perugini, Sandro C. Esteves, M Nijs, Tan H. Nguyen, B Kovacic, and M A Dakka

Subjects
Closed-ended question, Quality management, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Rehabilitation, Professional development, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility, Workload, Software, Reproductive Medicine, Feeling, Mathematics education, Social media, Psychology, business, media_common
Abstract

Study question What are the major problems faced by embryologists at 1) Clinic level, 2) Professional level, 3) Personal level, and 4) What are their career goals? Summary answer Embryologists, essential professionals of Fertility Centres, are less satisfied in many quantifiable aspects, but they love their profession and have many aspirational goals. What is known already IVF success depends in part on embryologists’ skills. The need to recognize clinical embryology as a specialty and clinical embryologists’ educational level, responsibilities, and workload have been addressed by a few national societies. However, data are lacking from the embryologists’ viewpoint at a global level about their profession. Qualitative data-analysis methods provide thick, rich descriptions of subjects’ thoughts, feelings, and lived experiences but can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to bias. Study design, size, duration A questionnaire was prepared using SurveyMonkey online software (SurveyMonkey, Inc., USA) and distributed to IVF lab professionals through embryology societies, online social media, and email databases. The questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions focused on identifying problems faced by embryologists at the clinic, in the profession, and in a personal level, as well as questions about their career outlook. The survey was active from May 2016 until February 2017. From 73 countries, 720 responses were obtained. Participants/materials, setting, methods Using natural language processing (NLP), the top 15 most frequently used keywords were identified and correlated with each other. Stronger correlation (≥0.5) between semantically similar words expressing a strong signal from each answer, and their usage was further analyzed for positive versus negative sentiment. By normalizing the frequency of positive/negative samples for each keyword as a percentage, “sentiment wheels” were produced, identifying the key concepts that respondents answered and quantifying how they felt about them. Main results and the role of chance The responses received were from 80% private, 17% public and 3% other ART settings distributed all over the world. From the embryologists’ viewpoints reported and after the NLP processing it was shown that the common topics related to strong negative sentiments were: embryologists’ remuneration (0.6) at the Clinic level; certification (0.7), recognition (0.5), respect (0.5), learn (0.5) and experience (0.5) at the Professional level; and remuneration (0.7), emotional (0.5) dealing (0.5) at the Personal level. Renumeration was reported and strongly related to embryologists’ viewpoint at both the clinic and personal level in combination with the need for certification, recognition and ongoing development at the Professional level. Moreover, the NLP processing demonstrated that the common topics on career goal analysis related to strong positive sentiments were: teaching (0.7), education (0.7), and continuation (0.5) all three topics are compatible with a professional orientation open to ongoing development and practice advancement. The NLP and the manual data analysis project an image of the typical embryologist as a knowledge seeking professional who is deeply dedicated to the job but feels the need for professional development and suffers some lack of recognition and feels in some cases not fairly treated as an employee. Limitations, reasons for caution The data obtained is limited. Only one natural language processing model was used to analyze the results. Different analysts using other methods may have different results. For these reasons, the results should be interpreted with caution. Wider implications of the findings: It is important to focus on the lab as an organization and not just a service for the patients in treatment at the moment. The NLP results ultimately obtained may help streamline professional satisfaction efforts, and guide future quality management strategies Trial registration number Not applicable

Published
2021
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27. P–149 Calcium ionophores as an aid to surgically retrieved sperms in male factor infertility for increasing cumulative live birth rate

Author

A Sahu, S Singh, A C Varghese, R Ashraf, N Majiyd, R Basheer, and M C Ashraf

Subjects
Infertility, Azoospermia, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Rehabilitation, Obstetrics and Gynecology, chemistry.chemical_element, Fertility, Calcium, medicine.disease, Calcium Ionophores, Andrology, Pregnancy rate, Reproductive Medicine, chemistry, Medicine, business, Live birth, media_common, Unexplained infertility
Abstract

Study question Does the addition of calcium ionophores for artificial oocyte activation(AOA) help in improving Cumulative Live Birth Rate in surgically retrieved sperms for male factor infertility? Summary answer AOA significantly improved cumulative live birth rate in Micro-TESE (M-TESE), TESA for non- azoospermia (TESTICULAR) and Non-Obstructive Azoospermia(NOA)-TESA but not in Obstructive Azoospermia (OA)-TESA. What is known already The main cause of Total Fertilization Failure after ICSI is thought to be due to oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) because of oocyte-related or sperm-related factors. Studies have shown that artificial oocyte activation (AOA) is helpful in these situations, but is most effective in couples who have clear sperm-related OAD. Oocyte activation, by Phospholipase- C- Zeta (PLCζ) present in the sperm, leads to series of events resulting in calcium oscillation, oocyte activation and fertilization. AOA increases the free intracellular calcium thereby mimicking physiologic cell signaling mechanisms that result in oocyte activation and fertilization. Study design, size, duration This is a retrospective cohort study done in an academic private ART center, in which patient’s records were analyzed, from January 2016 to December 2019 (total 4 years’ duration) and all ICSI cycles with surgically retrieved sperms were included (n = 365). Study subjects were divided into 4 groups- M-TESE (n = 143), NOA-TESA (n = 38), OA-TESA (n = 62) and TESTICULAR (n = 92). Subdivision was done into cases if AOA was done and control were with conventional ICSI without AOA. Participants/materials, setting, methods Method- Immediately after ICSI, in case group (AOA), all metaphase II oocytes were treated with calcium ionophore (GM508- CultActive) for 15 minutes, then thoroughly washed and incubated under standard conditions. Primary outcome measured was cumulative live birth rate(CLBR) and Secondary outcomes were fertilization rate (Fert. rate), Cleavage rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and miscarriage rate (MA). Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square and Mann-Whitney- U test, with significance at P Main results and the role of chance The CLBR was significantly higher with AOA- M-TESE (55.8% vs 33.3%, p- 0.008), AOA-NOA-TESA (55.55% vs 15%, p- 0.027) and AOA-TESTICULAR (62.9% vs 32.3%, p- 0.006) group. Fert. rate was significantly higher with AOA-M-TESE (81 ± 0.84 vs 64 ± 0.97, p- 0.001), AOA-NOA-TESA (86 ± 0.76 vs 64 ± 0.13, p- 0.001) and AOA-TESTICULAR (72 ± 0.12 vs 57 ± 0.11, p- 0.001). Cleavage rate, CPR also showed similar significant differences while MA was comparable. However, significant differences were not observed in any of the outcome measured in OA-TESA group between cases and controls - CBLR (51.6% vs 41.9%, p- 0.611), Fert.rate (0.77±0.14 vs 0.75±0.11, p- 0.539), CPR and MA, p- value > 0.05. It may be hypothesized that surgically retrieved sperms in cases of NOA or non- azoospermia where TESTICULAR sperms are taken have reduced or absent capacity to cause Calcium oscillations due to deficient or inadequate PLCζ or there may be some chromatin level abnormalities in these sperms, leading to lesser fertilization and lesser good quality embryos in control group in which AOA was not done. Limitations, reasons for caution This study is retrospective in nature. Sibling oocytes were not compared. The study neither looked at obstetrics complication nor the neonatal outcomes. Further studies are required for long term impact on children born from AOA cycles. Wider implications of the findings: To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature evaluating the efficacy of calcium ionophores for NOA (M-TESE, TESA), OA (TESA) and TESTICULAR sperms. Further research is needed for use of calcium ionophores in cases of unexplained infertility and recurrent implantation failure. Trial registration number Not applicable

Published
2021
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30. Corrosion inhibition capacity of two heterocyclic oximes on copper in nitric acid: electrochemical, quantum chemical and surface morphological investigations

Author

K. Thomas, C. Varghese, Vinod P. Raphael, and K. S. Shaju

Subjects
Quantum chemical, Inhibitor, chemistry.chemical_element, Impedance, General Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Copper, Corrosion, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Nitric acid, Polarization, Pyridine, Polarization (electrochemistry), Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Two heterocyclic oximes (E)-N-hydroxy-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine (Hp2ylm) and (E)-N-hydroxy-1-(pyridin-3-yl)methanimine (Hp3ylm) were synthesized from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and pyridine-3-carbaldehyde, respectively. These oximes were characterized by various spectroscopic tools like UV, IR, MASS and NMR. The inhibition capacity of these oximes against copper corrosion in 0.1 M HNO3 was determined by polarization and impedance spectroscopic studies (EIS). At all concentrations, Hp3ylm exhibited higher inhibition efficiency than Hp2ylm. Attempt was made to illustrate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by these oximes with the help of adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and quantum chemical studies.

Published
2019

31. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates cadmium induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

Author

Adriana Kolesárová, Rinku Saha, S Roychoudhury, Alex C. Varghese, Parag Nandi, K Kar, Petr Slama, G D Sharma, and Grzegorz Formicki

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Antioxidant, Ubiquinone, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, chemistry.chemical_element, Motility, medicine.disease_cause, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Semen quality, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Rats, Wistar, Coenzyme Q10, Cadmium, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Sperm Count, Reproduction, General Medicine, Sperm, Rats, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Lipid Peroxidation, Reproductive toxicity, Oxidative stress
Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the protective role of CoQ10 against cadmium (Cd)-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to an acute dose of Cd (25 mg/kg bwt; Cd group), Cd+CoQ10 (25 mg/kg bwt Cd+10 mg CoQ10; Cd-Q10 group) and distilled water (control) in vivo for 15 consecutive days and semen quality was assessed. A significant reduction was noted in sperm concentration, progressive motility, morphology and DNA integrity in both Cd- and Cd-Q10 groups in comparison to control indicating Cd-induced testicular lipid per oxidation (LPO) and decline in indigenous antioxidant defense system as measured by total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p

Published
2019
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33. Delivering clinical trials at home: protocol, design and implementation of a direct-to-family paediatric lupus trial

Author

E Schmitt, C Smith, G Schulert, S Canna, A Grom, E Mellins, A Brown, A Stevens, M Watson, K Stewart, E Baker, A Kemp, T Davis, A Smith, S Jackson, K Jones, T Mason, A Hanson, Y Zhao, J Jones, J Chang, M Holland, K Moore, B ferreira, H Schmeling, K Abulaban, R Agbayani, S Akoghlanian, E Anderson, L Barillas-Arias, K Baszis, M Becker, H Bell-Brunson, H Benham, S Benseler, T Beukelman, H Brunner, H Bukulmez, L Cerracchio, E Chalom, K Chundru, J Dean, F Dedeoglu, V Dempsey, J Drew, B Feldman, P Ferguson, C Fleming, L Franco, I Goh, D Goldsmith, B Gottlieb, T Graham, T Griffin, M Hance, K Hickey, M Hollander, J Hsu, A Huber, C Hung, A Huttenlocher, L Imundo, C Inman, J Jaquith, L Jung, D Kingsbury, K Klein, M Klein-Gitelman, S Kramer, S Lapidus, D Latham, B Malla, M Malloy, A Martyniuk, K McConnell, D McCurdy, C McMullen-Jackson, L Moorthy, E Muscal, J Olson, K Onel, L Ponder, S Prahalad, C Rabinovich, S Ringold, M Riordan, A Robinson, M Rosenkranz, B Rosolowski, N Ruth, K Schikler, H Stapp, R Syed, M Tesher, A Thatayatikom, R Vehe, E von Scheven, D Wahezi, A Watts, J Weiss, S Kim, J Patel, J Stokes, L Marques, Stephen J Balevic, D Lovell, A Zeft, J Harris, E Lawson, C Moss, N George, Rachel L Randell, M Adams, S Cooper, M Miller, C Black, R Schneider, J Taylor, R Sran, M Oliver, M Twilt, M Tóth, J Walker, M Mitchell, F De Benedetti, N Singer, M Fox, K Kaufman, A Merritt, R Stevenson, J Fuller, M Fitzgerald, A Davis, C Davis, L Henderson, J Woo, S Mohan, H Reid, Y Kimura, L Harel, R Laxer, K McCarthy, I Ferguson, E McCormick, M Guzman, P Hill, A PARSONS, S McGuire, J Lam, C Sandborg, B Stevens, J Boland, S Ballinger, E MENDOZA, J NOCTON, M Ritter, N Johnson, J Shirley, S Bowman, M Ibarra, S Hong, M Guevara, K James, L Santiago, A Adams, B DONALDSON, M Son, C Kremer, K Schmidt, T Wright, L Cannon, R Nicolai, M Freeman, S Spence, D Levy, J Paredes, K Gerhold, A Insalaco, T O'Brien, W Bernal, E Kessler, C Lin, M Lerman, T Hahn, B O'Brien, Lindsay Singler, Anthony Cunningham, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Christoph P Hornik, N Abel, J Aiello, C Alejandro, E Allenspach, R Alperin, M Alpizar, G Amarilyo, W Ambler, S Ardoin, S Armendariz, I Balboni, S Balevic, L Ballenger, N Balmuri, F Barbar-Smiley, M Basiaga, E Beltz, T Bigley, B Binstadt, M Blakley, J Bohnsack, A Boneparth, C Bracaglia, E Brooks, M Brothers, M Buckley, D Bullock, B Cameron, P Carper, V Cartwright, E Cassidy, A Chang-Hoftman, V Chauhan, P Chira, T Chinn, H Clairman, D Co, A Confair, H Conlon, R Connor, C Correll, R Corvalan, D Costanzo, R Cron, L Curiel-Duran, T Curington, M Curry, A Dalrymple, D De Ranieri, M De Guzman, N Delnay, E DeSantis, T Dickson, J Dingle, E Dorsey, S Dover, J Dowling, K Driest, Q Du, K Duarte, D Durkee, E Duverger, J Dvergsten, A Eberhard, M Eckert, K Ede, B Edelheit, C Edens, Y Edgerly, M Elder, B Ervin, S Fadrhonc, C Failing, D Fair, M Falcon, S Federici, J Fennell, R Ferrucho, K Fields, T Finkel, O Flynn, L Fogel, K Fritz, S Froese, R Fuhlbrigge, D Gerstbacher, M Gilbert, M Gillispie-Taylor, E Giverc, C Godiwala, H Goheer, E Gotschlich, A Gotte, C Gracia, S Grevich, J Griswold, P Guittar, M Hager, O Halyabar, E Hammelev, S Haro, O Harry, E Hartigan, J Hausmann, J Heiart, K Hekl, M Henrickson, A Hersh, S Hillyer, L Hiraki, M Hiskey, P Hobday, C Hoffart, M Horwitz, J Huggins, J HuiYuen, J Huntington, G Janow, S Jared, C Justice, A Justiniano, N Karan, U Khalsa, B Kienzle, M Kitcharoensakkul, T Klausmeier, B Kompelien, A Kosikowski, L Kovalick, J Kracker, J Lai, B Lang, B Lapin, A Lasky, L Lentini, S Lieberman, N Ling, M Lingis, M Lo, D Lowman, N Luca, S Lvovich, C Madison, J Madison, S Magni Manzoni, J Maller, M Mannion, C Manos, S Mathus, L McAllister, P McCurdy Stokes, I McHale, A McMonagle, E Meidan, R Mercado, L Michalowski, P Miettunen, D Milojevic, E Mirizio, E Misajon, R Modica, E Morgan Dewitt, T Moussa, V Mruk, R Nadler, B Nahal, K Nanda, N Nasah, L Nassi, S Nativ, M Natter, J Neely, B Nelson, L Newhall, L Ng, P Nigrovic, B Nolan, E Oberle, B Obispo, O Okeke, K O'Neil, A Orandi, M Orlando, S Osei-Onomah, R Oz, A Paller, N Pan, S Panupattanapong, M Pardeo, K Pentakota, P Pepmueller, T Pfeiffer, K Phillippi, D Pires Marafon, R Pooni, S Pratt, S Protopapas, B Puplava, J Quach, M Quinlan-Waters, S Radhakrishna, J Rafko, J Raisian, A Rakestraw, E Ramsay, S Ramsey, R Randell, K Remmel, A Repp, A Reyes, A Richmond, M Riebschleger, M Riskalla, R Rivas-Chacon, E Rodela, M Rodriquez, K Rojas, T Ronis, H Rothermel, D Rothman, E Roth-Wojcicki, K Rouster-Stevens, T Rubinstein, N Saad, S Sabbagh, E Sacco, R Sadun, A Sanni, A Sarkissian, S Savani, L Scalzi, L Schanberg, S Scharnhorst, A Schlefman, K Schollaert-Fitch, T Seay, C Seper, J Shalen, R Sheets, A Shelly, S Shenoi, K Shergill, M Shishov, C Shivers, E Silverman, V Sivaraman, J Sletten, E Smitherman, J Soep, L Spiegel, J Spitznagle, H Srinivasalu, K Steigerwald, Y Sterba Rakovchik, S Stern, C Stingl, M Stoll, E Stringer, S Sule, J Sumner, R Sundel, G Syverson, A Szymanski, S Taber, R Tal, A Tambralli, A Taneja, T Tanner, S Tapani, G Tarshish, S Tarvin, L Tate, A Taxter, M Terry, K Tiffany, T Ting, A Tipp, D Toib, K Torok, C Toruner, H Tory, S Tse, V Tubwell, S Uriguen, T Valcarcel, H Van Mater, L Vannoy, C Varghese, N Vasquez, K Vazzana, K Veiga, J Velez, J Verbsky, G Vilar, N Volpe, S Vora, L Wagner-Weiner, H Waite, H Walters, T Wampler Muskardin, L Waqar, M Waterfield, P Weiser, P Weiss, E Wershba, A Wise, L Woolnough, E Wu, A Yalcindag, M Yee, E Yen, R Yeung, K Yomogida, Q Yu, R Zapata, A Zartoshti, R Zeft, A Zhu, and C Zic

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, antirheumatic agents, Immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Disease registry, systemic lupus erythematosus, Protocol design, medicine, Protocol, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, autoimmune diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Dosing, Intensive care medicine, Child, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Protocol (science), Clinical Trials as Topic, Systemic lupus erythematosus, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Hydroxychloroquine, General Medicine, RC581-607, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Pill, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Drug Monitoring, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

IntroductionDirect-to-family clinical trials efficiently provide data while reducing the participation burden for children and their families. Although these trials can offer significant advantages over traditional clinical trials, the process of designing and implementing direct-to-family studies is poorly defined, especially in children with rheumatic disease. This paper provides lessons learnt from the design and implementation of a self-controlled, direct-to-family pilot trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a medication management device on adherence to hydroxychloroquine in paediatric SLE.MethodsSeveral design features accommodate a direct-to-family approach. Participants meeting eligibility criteria from across the USA were identified a priori through a disease registry, and all outcome data are collected remotely. The primary outcome (medication adherence) is evaluated using electronic medication event-monitoring, plasma drug levels, patient questionnaires and pill counts. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include (1) lupus disease activity measured by a remote SLE Disease Activity Index examination and the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; and (2) hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Recruitment of the initial target of 20 participants was achieved within 10 days. Due to initial recruitment success, enrolment was increased to 26 participants. Additional participants who were interested were placed on a waiting list in case of dropouts during the study.Discussion and disseminationDirect-to-family trials offer several advantages but present unique challenges. Lessons learnt from the protocol development, design, and implementation of this trial will inform future direct-to-family trials for children and adults with rheumatic diseases. Additionally, the data collected remotely in this trial will provide critical information regarding the accuracy of teleresearch in lupus, the impact of adherence to hydroxychloroquine on disease activity and a pharmacokinetic analysis to inform paediatric-specific dosing of hydroxychloroquine.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04358302).

Published
2021

34. Cryopreservation in Assisted Reproduction : A Practitioner's Guide to Methods, Management and Organization

Author

Zsolt Peter Nagy, Alex C. Varghese, Ashok Agarwal, Zsolt Peter Nagy, Alex C. Varghese, and Ashok Agarwal

Subjects
Reproductive health
Abstract

Cryopreservation of oocytes, sperm, and ovarian and testicular tissues, as well as embryos, is one of the most critical procedures to preserve the reproductive capacity of individuals. It is an indispensable part of assisted reproductive technologies, as nearly all IVF clinics around the world have embraced the freeze-all embryo strategy with no fresh embryo transfers. Advanced platforms, such as automation and artificial intelligence, are making their way into all aspects of assisted reproductive technologies, including reproductive tissue banking process and storage. At the same time, lax regulations and lack of training combined with rapid demands of IVF services have resulted in a climate of frequent disaster and catastrophic incidents from the cryo labs that store thousands of patients'embryos for years. With the onset of malpractice lawsuits against the clinics and awards of large compensation to the patients, regulations are getting stricter in this arena to safeguard the integrity of storage systems, and industry leaders are developing advanced devices and alarm systems to remotely monitor storage systems exploring the power of internet, AI and automation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive text in this field based on the introduction of such a wide array of advanced devices, newer technologies, regulatory frameworks, risks and disaster management options. With contributions from top internationally recognized scientists and clinicians with expertise in cryopreservation and reproductive technology, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the basics of cryobiological processes and a technically detailed presentation on all aspects of cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues. It presents the current, well-established procedures, as well as novel techniques with the latest innovations described in detail. Bringing together the latest information with key thought leaders in the field, Cryopreservation in Assisted Reproduction is intended to be the go-to resource for all reproductive medicine clinicians, embryologists, lab technologists, IVF lab directors/managers, and researchers.

Published
2024

35. Therapeutic anti-coagulation in COVID-19 and the potential enhanced risk of retroperitoneal hematoma

Author

J Lee, D O'Sullivan, C Varghese, G Shrestha, R Mulpeter, C Ottewill, A Subramaniam, and B Hogan

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Hematoma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Retroperitoneal haematoma, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, Case Report, General Medicine, Anti coagulation, Bioinformatics, Medicine, Humans, Retroperitoneal Space, business, AcademicSubjects/MED00010, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Published
2021

36. BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Author

E. Abahuje, A. Abbas, M. Abd El Aziz Abd El Maksoud, A. Abdelhady, S. Abdelhamid, H. Abdelkarem Ahmed Faraj, B. Abdelqader, T. Abdelrahman, H. Abdou, A. Abdullah, M. Abedua Harrison, E. Abem Owusu, A. Aboalazayem, R. Aboulhosn, S. Abu Oda, A. Abubakar, A. Abutaka, D. Acevedo Fontalvo, S. Acuna, A. Adefemi, S. Adegbola, T. Adenuga, A. Adeyeye, A. Adil Hilmi, A. Adisa, K. Aditya, T. Adjeso, R. Aftab, A. Afzal, V. Aggarwal, A. Aggarwal, R. Aguilera, M. -L. Aguilera-Are´valo, E. J. Aguirre Salamanca, I. Aguirre-Allende, D. Ahari, H. Ahmad, F. Ahmad Rauf, A. Ahmad Zartasht Khan, S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed Fieturi, S. Ahmed Mohamed, Z. Ahmed-Bakhsh, M. Ahsan Javed, L. Akano, A. Akbar, M. Akhbari, P. Akhmedov, G. Aksit, Y. Akula, A. S. Alagaratnam, S. Al Majid, O. Al Mukhtar, H. Al Omran, N. AlAsali, M. Al-Azzawi, R. Al-Habsi, H. Al-Iraqi, H. Al-Naggar, E. Alameer, H. Albirnawi, D. Alderson, F. Aldulaijan, R. Alejandro Miranda Ojeda, A. AlHasan, S. Ali, A. Ali, M. Ali Khan, Y. Alimova, F. Aljanadi, R. Aljubure, N. Allopi, H. Almedbal, M. Almubarak, Z. Alqaidoom, N. Alselaim, M. Alshaar, R. Alshammari, K. Altaf, S. Altıner, B. Altunpak, L. A. Alvarez Lozada, E. Amal Nahal, A. Amer, K. Amin, U. Aminu, N. Amisi Numbi, T. Amjad, R. Amoah, Y. An, N. -A. Anastasopoulos, J. Andre´s Urrutia, F. Angarita, K. -L. Angarita, M. A´ ngel FreirI´a Eiras, A. Antypas, M. A. Anwar, H. Anwar, T. O. Apampa, K. Apostolou, C. Aquina, R. Arachchige Adithi Himika Randeni, M. I. Archila Godı´nez, O. Arez, A. A. Arezzo, P. Armonis, S. Arshad, M. Arshad Salman, A. Arshid, P. C. Arteaga Asensio, T. Arthur, A. Arumuga Jothi, F. Aryo Damara, L. Asensio Gomez, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashraf, A. Asif, M. Atif, M. Attaullah Khan, N. Avellaneda, S. Awad, M. Awadh, A. Axiaq, A. Ayad Mohammed Shuwayyah, D. Ayalew, E. Aytac, F. Azam, J. Azevedo, B. Azhar, J. Aziz, A. Aziz, A. Azzam, A. Baba Ndajiwo, M. Baig, D. Baker, F. Bakko, R. Balachandran, G. Balachandran, J. Balagizi Mudekereza, E. Balai, B. Balci, A. Balduzzi, A. Balhareth, S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Banerjee, D. Bangalore Mahalinga, B. Bankhead-Kendall, N. D. A. Bankole, V. Banwell, F. Baris Bengur, B. Baris Ozmen, M. Barnard, R. Barnett, J. A. Barreras Espinoza, A. Barrios, G. Bass, M. Bass, A. Bausys, A. Bavikatte, J. Bayram, M. Belousov, A. G. Berardi, A. Beamish, C. Beattie, F. Belia, V. Bellato, S. Bellikatti, S. Benjamens, C. Benlice, S. Bennedsgaard, S. Bennett, Z. Bentounsi, H. Bergenfeldt, A. Bergenfelz, M. Besselink, G. Bhandoria, E. Bhangu, M. Bhatia, M. T. Bhatti, Z. Bilgili, G. Bislenghi, C. Bisset, S. Biswas, J. Blake, R. Blanco, L. Boccalatte, R. Boden, C. Bojanic, M. Boland, P. Boland, E. Bollen, E. -A. Bonci, L. Boni, A. Booth, R. Booth, A. Borakati, G. E. Borunda Escudero, S. J. Bosco, P. Bostro¨ m, P. Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, K. Bouchagier, A. Bouhuwaish, M. Boutros, K. Boyce, C. Boyle, L. Bradshaw, A. Brandl, A. Brar, G. Brat, H. Brenkman, C. Brennan, C. Brines, A. Brookmyre, C. Brosnan, L. Brouwers, A. Brown, L. Brown, C. Brown, J. Brown, V. BS, M. Buksh, M. Bunani Emmanuel, D. Burbano, A. Burelli, A. Burke, J. Burke, N. Burlov, A. Burns, O. Burton, A. Butt, B. Buzra Ozkan, L. Cabrera Silva, E. Y. Caicedo, T. Calderbank, W. Cambridge, G. Campelo, O. Can Tatar, F. Carbone, F. Carrano, D. Casallas, D. Casanova Portoles, F. Casciani, I. Cassimjee, O. A. Castaneda Ramı´rez, V. Catala´ n, J. Caviedes, L. Cayetano, M. ~ Ceresoli, M. Chan, V. Chan, P. Chandrasinghe, S. Chapman, A. Chaturvedi, D. Chaudhry, H. Chaudry, H. W. Chen, A. Cheng, M. Chernykh, A. M. Cherrie, I. Cheruiyot, J. Cheung, C. Chia, J. Chica, N. Chinai, A. Chirwa, J. Chiwaligo, A. Choi, J. Choi, M. R. Chowdhury, E. Christopher, N. Christou, T. Chu, D. Chua, H. W. Chua, C. Chung, A. Cihat Yildirim, M. Cillo, S. Cioffi, H. Claireaux, S. Clermonts, R. Clifford, M. Climent, A. Clynch, R. -J. Coelen, E. Cola´ s-Ruiz, A. Collar, M. Collard, K. C. Conlon, T. Connelly, K. Connor, J. A. Cook, T. Correia de Sa´, N. Cos¸gun Acar, T. Costa, D. Couch, S. Cowper, B. Creavin, B. Crook, A. Curell, R. D’alessio, J. Dale, J. Damgaard Eriksen, I. Dario Martin Gonzalez, A. Darwish, M. Das, R. Das, K. Das, R. Dave, S. O. David, T. Davies, C. Davis, S. Davison, V. Davletshina, A. Dawidziuk, A. Dawson, M. de Andres Crespo, H. de Berker, P. de Dieu Ngo, E. Dekker, R. de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, B. de Lacy, N. Demartines, A. de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, S. De Silva, C. del Rio, V. Delaune, A. Dell, I. Demirbas¸, S. Demirli Atici, M. Deniz Tepe, M. Derebey, G. Desai, M. Desai, S. Devarakonda, N. Deveras, G. Di Franco, M. Di Martino, F. Di Marzo, A´ . Dı´az, G. Diaz del Gobbo, C. DiazCastrillon, L. Dick, K. Dickinson, E. Diego, I. Dimasi, A. Ding, S. Dingemans, L. Dixon, B. Dixon, W. Doherty, D. Dooreemeah, C. Donohue, M. Dornseifer, F. Dossa, W. Dossou, T. Drake, I. Drami, G. Drevin, M. C. du Plessis, N. Dudi-Venkata, R. Dudley, S. Duffy, D. Duklas, B. -D. Dumbrava, F. Duygu Avlar, A. Dworzynska, W. Ebrahim, A. Ebrahim, E. Efre´n Lozada Herna´ ndez, N. Ehigie, M. El Boghdady, C. El Hasnaoui, M. El Sheikh, A. El-Hussuna, O. Eldurssi, H. Elfeki, M. Elhadi, M. Elhassan, A. Elhissi, B. Elliot, C. Elsenbroek, B. Elsolh, N. Elson, H. Eltyeb, H. Emerson, S. H. Emile, G. Endalle, W. English, C. Ercisli, G. Espinosa, M. Essam Abdelraheem, H. Essangri, P. Etienne, M. D. Evans, T. Evans, C. Ezeme, F. Ezzahraa, T. Fadalla, J. Fagan, M. Fahmy, C. Fairfield, O. Falade, S. Famularo, F. Faqar-Uz-Zaman, Y. Farid, A. Farooq, H. Farooq, F. Farooqui, B. Farquharson, A. Faruqi, R. Faulder, M. Faut, K. Fechner, T. Feenstra, M. Fehervari, L. Fernandez, J. Ferna´ ndez Alberti, L. Ferrario, D. Field, L. Fiore, S. Fingerhut, S. Finlayson, N. Fleming, C. Fleming, E. Florial, M. Fok, D. Fokin, M. Foley, M. P. Forero, T. Forgan, M. Fornasiero, H. Fowler, G. Fowler, E. Franchi, L. Franklin, A˚ . Fredriksson, P. Fruhling, G. Fuentes Navarrette, A. Fu¨ lo¨ p, M. Furtado, T. Gaarder, N. Galbraith, I. T. K. Gallagher, G. Gallo, T. 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Zhukova, L, Zivanovic, M, Zmuc, J, Zope, M, Zubayraeva, A, Zucker, B, Aguilera-Arévalo, M -L, Aguirre Salamanca, E J, Al-Asali, N, Altıner, S, Alvarez Lozada, L A, Anastasopoulos, N -A, Andrés Urrutia, J, Angarita, K -L, Ángel FreirÍa Eiras, M, Anwar, M A, Apampa, T O, Archila Godínez, M I, Arteaga Asensio, P C, Bankole, N D A, Barreras Espinoza, J A, Bhatti, M T, Bonci, E -A, Borunda Escudero, G E, Bosco, S J, Boström, P, Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, P, Caicedo, E Y, Castañeda Ramírez, O A, Catalán, V, Chen, H W, Chowdhury, M R, Chua, H W, Coelen, R -J, Colás-Ruiz, E, Correia de Sá, T, Coşgun Acar, N, D’Alessio, R, David, S O, de Andres Crespo, M, de Berker, H, de Dieu Ngo, P, de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, R, de Lacy, B, de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, A, del Rio, C, Demirbaş, I, Díaz, Á, Diaz del Gobbo, G, Diaz-Castrillon, C, du Plessis, M C, Dumbrava, B -D, Efrén Lozada Hernández, E, Fernández Alberti, J, Forero, M P, Fredriksson, Å, Fülöp, A, Gatan, R G, Gortázar, S, Gregório, L, Grüter, A, Gülçek, E, Hafeez Bhatti, A B, Hoh, S M, Hölmich, E, Hüttner, F, Alhasan, A J M S, Perez Rivera, C J, Jácome, F, Jariod-Ferrer, Ú, José, J, José Núñez Ju, J, José Pizarro, M, Khan, M F, Kırımtay, B, Kmezić, S, Koëter, T, König, D, Leyva Moraga, F A, Li, H L, Londoño, M A, Lopes de Freitas, R, López, A I, Mafla Herrería, C A, Manzano Nuñez, R, Marín, D, Martín Martín, G, Masior, Ł, Möckli, B, Mohamed, H M, Mohammad, S A, Mohammed, T O, Montcusí Ventura, B, Mora-Guzmán, I, Morán, R A R, Morera, Á, Moss, J -L, Moyón, M, Müller, P, Muñoz, F, Muñoz, E, Muñoz, A, Muñoz Balderas, D C, Ng, C E, Fhearaigh, R N, Nikolousakis, T -K, Kristensen, H Ø, O’Brien, L, O’Brien, S, O’Reilly, J, O’Rourke, S, O’Sullivan, M, O’Dwyer, M, Oh, K E, Öhlberger, L, Ölçüm, M, Oscullo Yepez, J J, Osei-kuffour, N, Ottlakán, A, Pavan Kumar, O M, Peña Gallardo, M T, Peña Velazquez, A, Pérez-Sánchez, L E, Pompeu Sá, M, Ponniah, H S, Ponte de Sousa, X, Portilla, A L, Pulido Segura, J A, Quimbaya Rodríguez, A S, Racoviţă, A, Rahiri, J -L, Rey Chaves, C E, Roalsø, M, Rodríguez, F, Rodriguez, M C, Ruiz-Úcar, E, Rutegård, M, Sá-Marta, E, Sam, Z H, Emile, Sameh H, Sánchez Fonseca, S, Sgrò, A, Sia, T C, Smart, Y W, Sneep-van Kessel, C, Solórzano Pineda, O, Stephen, B -J, Takoutsing Dongmo, A B, Tamás, T, Tan, J L, Thyø, A, Tölgyes, T, Torrent Jansà, L, Tovani Palone, M R, Valdez Gonzalez, R A, van Beek, D -J, van Dalen, A S, van den Hondel, D, van der stok, E, van Dorp, M, van Oostendorp, S, van Praag, E, van Rees, J, van Silfhout, L, Vasilica, A -M, Vásquez Ojeda, X, Vilar Alvarez, M E, Viscasillas Pallàs, G, Vizcaya Rodríguez, V, Wang, Y Y, Wellington, M J, Wirsik, M M, Wong, W J, Wong, K -Y, Wright, O Wroe, Yang, P -C, Yanzon de la Torre, A, Younis, M U, Zamora, A T, and Surgery

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), International Cooperation, Practice Patterns, Commission, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Perioperative Care, Education, Surgeon, COVID-19, surgery, perioperative care, Medical, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Graduate, Pandemics, Surgeons, Health Resource, Infection Control, Physicians', Surgical Procedures, business.industry, General surgery, Middle Aged, Operative, Education, Medical, Graduate, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Perioperative care, Health Resources, Surgery, Female, business, Human
Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.

Published
2021
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38. Identification of the Best-Fit Probability Distribution and Modeling Short-Duration Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves—Mangalore

Author

K. Varija and C. Varghese Femin

Subjects
Frequency analysis, Goodness of fit, Duration (music), law, Statistics, Generalized extreme value distribution, Probability distribution, Statistical analysis, Short duration, Intensity (heat transfer), Mathematics, law.invention
Abstract

The study of frequency analysis is crucial to find the most fitting model that could predict extreme events of certain natural phenomena, e.g., rainfall, flood. The study aims to determine the best-fit probability distribution model for maximum daily rainfall of four stations in Mangalore city. Statistical analysis such as log-normal, log-Pearson, and generalized extreme value (GEV) was applied, and parameters of these distributions were estimated. The predicted values using these distributions subjected to the goodness of fit test using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Anderson–Darling test, and Chi-squared test. Generalized extreme value distribution gave the best-fit model and thus, used for deriving the intensity duration frequency (IDF) curves for Mangalore city. IDF curves using empirical equation and GEV distribution were compared, and GEV distribution IDF curves give higher rainfall intensities.

Published
2020
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39. The cirrhosis care Alberta (CCAB) protocol: implementing an evidence-based best practice order set for the management of liver cirrhosis - a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial

Author

Matthew D Sadler, Jude Spiers, Lee A. Green, Leah Gramlich, Puneeta Tandon, Marilyn Zeman, David P. Ryan, Michelle Carbonneau, Jeffrey P. Schaefer, Stephen E. Congly, Denise Campbell-Scherer, Neeja Bakshi, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Ashley Hyde, Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, Peter Faris, Benjamin Sugars, Juan G. Abraldes, Winnie Sia, Vijeyakumar Selvarajah, Yolande Westra, Dalia Abdel-Latif, Kaleb J. Marr, Jayant C. Varghese, and Abdel Aziz M. Shaheen

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Normalization process theory, Evidence-based practice, Best practice, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health informatics, Consolidated framework on implementation research (CFIR), Health administration, Alberta, 03 medical and health sciences, Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Normalization process theory (NPT), Acute care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Reach-effectiveness-adoption-implementation-maintenance (RE-AIM), business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Health Policy, Nursing research, lcsh:RA1-1270, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, Hybrid trial, Order set, Cirrhosis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Implementation research, Medical emergency, business
Abstract

Background Liver cirrhosis is a leading cause of morbidity, premature mortality and acute care utilization in patients with digestive disease. In the province of Alberta, hospital readmission rates for patients with cirrhosis are estimated at 44% at 90 days. For hospitalized patients, multiple care gaps exist, the most notable stemming from i) the lack of a structured approach to best practice care for cirrhosis complications, ii) the lack of a structured approach to broader health needs and iii) suboptimal preparation for transition of care into the community. Cirrhosis Care Alberta (CCAB) is a 4-year multi-component pragmatic trial which aims to address these gaps. The proposed intervention is initiated at the time of hospitalization through implementation of a clinical information system embedded electronic order set for delivering evidence-based best practices under real-world conditions. The overarching objective of the CCAB trial is to demonstrate effectiveness and implementation feasibility for use of the order set in routine patient care within eight hospital sites in Alberta. Methods A mixed methods hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation design will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the order set intervention. The primary outcome is a reduction in 90-day cumulative length of stay. Implementation outcomes such as reach, adoption, fidelity and maintenance will also be evaluated alongside other patient and service outcomes such as readmission rates, quality of care and cost-effectiveness. This theory-based trial will be guided by Normalization Process Theory, Consolidated Framework on Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework. Discussion The CCAB project is unique in its breadth, both in the comprehensiveness of the multi-component order set and also for the breadth of its roll-out. Lessons learned will ultimately inform the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach in “real-world” conditions as well as adoption and adaptation of these best practices within the rest of Alberta, other provinces in Canada, and beyond. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04149223, November 4, 2019.

Published
2020

40. A Prospective Study on Level of Concordance Between Core Needle Biopsy and Surgical Specimen for Assessing Oestrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Her2/Neu Receptor Status in Carcinoma Breast and Its Implications on Treatment Decisions

Author

Bhupathi K Naidu, Rojan Kuruvilla, Shalini Kuruvilla, Dileep Damodaran, P Rajan, K P Kavitha, and Jenimol C. Varghese

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Receptor Status, HER2/neu, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, Progesterone receptor, Biopsy, medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Hormonal therapy, Immunohistochemistry, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Original Article, Breast carcinoma, business
Abstract

A prospective study on the level of concordance between core needle biopsy specimen (CNB) and surgical specimen (SS) assesses the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/Neu receptor status in Carcinoma breast and its implications on treatment decisions. Ninety consecutive treatment naive operable breast cancer patients treated between September 2015 and April 2017 were included in our prospective study. All patients underwent core needle biopsy prior to definitive surgery. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies for ER, PR, and Her2/Neu receptor assay were done in both the CNB specimen and SS. The concordances between CNB specimen and SS for ER, PR, and Her2/Neu receptor were 92%, 88%, and 78% respectively. In our study, overall discordance for ER, PR, and Her2/Neu status based on IHC tests on CNB specimen and its corresponding SS was 41% (37 out of total 90 patients), which was mostly for Her2/Neu (20 patients). Altogether, there was a change in treatment decision based on IHC test results of CNB specimen for 14 out of 37 discordant tests, translating to 15% of the overall study group. Four patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy, and 10 patients got adjuvant Traztuzumab added to their protocol. There is almost perfect to substantial concordance between CNB specimen and SS of IHC tests for ER and PR status. However, the concordance for Her2/Neu receptor is only moderate. Her2/Neu receptor assay by IHC is more sensitive in CNB specimen than in SS.

Published
2020

41. Additional file 3 of The cirrhosis care Alberta (CCAB) protocol: implementing an evidence-based best practice order set for the management of liver cirrhosis - a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial

Author

Carbonneau, Michelle, Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, Hyde, Ashley, Campbell-Scherer, Denise, Faris, Peter, Gramlich, Leah, Tsuyuki, Ross T., Congly, Stephen E., Shaheen, Abdel Aziz, Sadler, Matthew, Zeman, Marilyn, Spiers, Jude, Abraldes, Juan G., Sugars, Benjamin, Sia, Winnie, Green, Lee, Abdellatif, Dalia, Schaefer, Jeffrey P., Vijeyakumar Selvarajah, Marr, Kaleb, Ryan, David, Westra, Yolande, Neeja Bakshi, Jayant C. Varghese, and Tandon, Puneeta

Subjects
education, Data_FILES, food and beverages, behavioral disciplines and activities, humanities
Abstract

Additional file 3. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Checklist. SPIRIT reports on items to address in a clinical trial protocol

Published
2020
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42. Male Gametes In Vivo to In Vitro: Clinical and Laboratory Management of Nonobstructive Azoospermia

Author

Dharmaraj Palanisamy, Alex C. Varghese, Simi Mohandas, and Mohamed Ashraf

Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Laboratory management, Geneticist, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, Male infertility, Sperm Retrieval, medicine, business, Nonobstructive azoospermia, Spermatogenesis, Spermatogenic failure, Genetic testing
Abstract

Nonobstructive azoospermia due to spermatogenic failure is a challenging clinical situation for the patient and the clinician. Some patients, however, might harbour foci of spermatogenesis within their testes. In such cases, sperm production is so sparse in the tubules that there is no spill over to the ejaculate. Careful identification of the probable beneficiaries of surgical sperm retrieval and their management can extend the hope of genetic parenthood to many couples and at the same time reduce the treatment burden for others. A coordinated interdisciplinary approach of the clinicians, embryologist and geneticist is the key to success.

Published
2020
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43. Additional file 2 of The cirrhosis care Alberta (CCAB) protocol: implementing an evidence-based best practice order set for the management of liver cirrhosis - a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial

Author

Carbonneau, Michelle, Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, Hyde, Ashley, Campbell-Scherer, Denise, Faris, Peter, Gramlich, Leah, Tsuyuki, Ross T., Congly, Stephen E., Shaheen, Abdel Aziz, Sadler, Matthew, Zeman, Marilyn, Spiers, Jude, Abraldes, Juan G., Sugars, Benjamin, Sia, Winnie, Green, Lee, Abdellatif, Dalia, Schaefer, Jeffrey P., Vijeyakumar Selvarajah, Marr, Kaleb, Ryan, David, Westra, Yolande, Neeja Bakshi, Jayant C. Varghese, and Tandon, Puneeta

Abstract

Additional file 2. The TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) Checklist. TIDieR reports details of the intervention elements of the study

Published
2020
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44. Additional file 1 of The cirrhosis care Alberta (CCAB) protocol: implementing an evidence-based best practice order set for the management of liver cirrhosis - a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial

Author

Carbonneau, Michelle, Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, Hyde, Ashley, Campbell-Scherer, Denise, Faris, Peter, Gramlich, Leah, Tsuyuki, Ross T., Congly, Stephen E., Shaheen, Abdel Aziz, Sadler, Matthew, Zeman, Marilyn, Spiers, Jude, Abraldes, Juan G., Sugars, Benjamin, Sia, Winnie, Green, Lee, Abdellatif, Dalia, Schaefer, Jeffrey P., Vijeyakumar Selvarajah, Marr, Kaleb, Ryan, David, Westra, Yolande, Neeja Bakshi, Jayant C. Varghese, and Tandon, Puneeta

Abstract

Additional file 1. PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2). PRECIS-2 is a tool to help trialists designing clinical trials consider where they would like their trial to be on the pragmatic/explanatory continuum

Published
2020
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46. Robotic Donor Hepatectomy: Ad Meliora?

Author

N.K. Vijhay Ganesun, N. Goyal, D. Balakrishnan, U. Gopalakrishnan, J. Shaji, K. Nair, S. Mallick, C. Varghese, B. Chandran, O.V. Sudheer, and S. Sudhindran

Subjects
Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published
2022
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48. Effect of transfer of a poor quality embryo along with a top quality embryo on the outcome during fresh and frozen in vitro fertilization cycles

Author

Samuel James Alexander Dobson, Essam Michael, Alex C. Varghese, Kannamannadiar Jayaprakasan, and Maria Teresita Lao

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy Rate, medicine.medical_treatment, Single Embryo Transfer, Fertilization in Vitro, Poor quality, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Ivf outcome, Quality of Health Care, Cryopreservation, Gynecology, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, In vitro fertilisation, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Embryo, Odds ratio, Embryo Transfer, Confidence interval, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, Reproductive Medicine, Female, business, Live birth
Abstract

Objective To evaluate the impact of a poor quality embryo (PQE) during double ET (DET) with a top quality embryo (TQE) on IVF outcome. Design A review of prospectively collected data. Setting Tertiary level fertility clinic. Patient(s) All patients undergoing blastocyst transfers as part of fresh IVF (n = 939) and frozen ET (n = 1,009) cycles performed between 2010 and 2016. Intervention(s) Single ET (SET) with TQE (group 1) was set as control and compared with outcomes for SET with PQE (group 2), DET with 2 TQEs (group 3), PQE plus TQE (group 4), and 2 PQE (group 5). Main Outcome Measure(s) Live births and multiple births. Result(s) The live birth rates for group 4 were statistically similar to group 1 during fresh IVF (26.5% vs. 33.7%; odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–1.7) and frozen ET (24.2% vs. 32.7%; OR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.48–1.2), although there was a trend for lower success. Conversely, multiple births were higher in group 4 for fresh IVF (19% vs. 4.7%; OR, 2.9; 95% CI 1.3–6.6) and frozen ET (10.3% vs. 2.6%; OR, 2.4; 95% CI 1.2–4.9). The live birth rates for group 2 (12.2% for fresh IVF and 14.6% for frozen ET) and group 5 (21.2% for fresh IVF and 14% for frozen ET) were lower and for group 3 were higher (40.8% for fresh IVF and 40.3% for frozen ET) when compared with group 1. Multiple births were significantly higher with DET. Conclusion(s) This study does not support DET with one PQE along with a TQE, when there is only one TQE and one or more PQEs available for fresh IVF or frozen ET.

Published
2018
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49. A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SEMEN QUALITY IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS INCLUDING SPERM BPDE-DNA ADDUCT FORMATION AND ACROSOME STATUS

Author

Parag Nandi, Peter Massanyi, Sreyashi Mitra, Adriana Kolesárová, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Alex C. Varghese, Rinku Saha, Nabendu Murmu, and Kushal Kumar Kar

Subjects
030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Microbiology, Sperm, Male infertility, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Semen quality, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, DNA Adduct Formation, business, Acrosome, Molecular Biology, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate semen quality of infertile smokers and non-smokers including Benzo[a]Pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10 epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adduct formation and acrosome status of sperm cells. Semen quality parameters were analyzed according to 2010 World Health Organization criteria in 122 non-smokers and 125 cigarette smokers attending tertiary health care centre in Barak Valley of Assam, India followed by BPDE-DNA adduct formation and acrosome status test. A significant decline was found in sperm concentration, progressive motility, morphology in smokers (p

Published
2018
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50. ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTION OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM NEONATES

Author

Tharun C Varghese, Sanchita Shettigar, and Chandrashekar G S

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Birth weight, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine.disease, Confidence interval, law.invention, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Relative risk, Necrotizing enterocolitis, medicine, Gestation, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the common emergencies in preterm neonates which are associated with high morbidity and mortality despite recent advances in neonatal care. Probiotics may be one of the most effective therapies for the prevention of NEC. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of probiotics in reducing the incidence of NEC in preterm newborns. Methods: This was a prospective randomized control study conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 140 preterm newborns of gestation ≤34 weeks of age were enroled in the final analysis. The recruited newborns were randomized into intervention group and control group by simple random sampling method. The intervention group was fed probiotics mixed with expressed breast milk, and the control group was fed with milk alone. Result: The incidence of NEC in probiotics group was significantly lower than in the control group (2.86% vs. 11.43%), (p=0.04). Although there were no significant differences in the initial presentation of NEC between the two groups, those in the study group who developed NEC had less severe disease, based on Bell’s staging criteria. There was no significant difference in terms of age in diagnosis of NEC and in age at which birth weight is gained between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in duration of hospital stay (15.62±2.84 vs. 23.54±3.43 days; p

Published
2018
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