5 results on '"C. Van Mels"'
Search Results
2. Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics
- Author
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C. B. Bridges, W. A. Brooks, C. Van Mels, L. Brondi, John E. McGowan, P. B. Ryan, Mitch Klein, David G. Kleinbaum, Doli Goswami, and E. L. Murray
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Rain ,Biology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Cohort Studies ,Risk Factors ,Influenza, Human ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Respiratory system ,Intensive care medicine ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Cause of death ,Bangladesh ,Family Characteristics ,Tropical Climate ,Infant ,Tropics ,Respiratory infection ,Odds ratio ,Models, Theoretical ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Crowding ,Confidence interval ,Logistic Models ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Female ,Demography - Abstract
SUMMARYAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death worldwide in children aged
- Published
- 2011
3. Cooking fuel type, household ventilation, and the risk of acute lower respiratory illness in urban Bangladeshi children: a longitudinal study
- Author
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E L, Murray, L, Brondi, D, Kleinbaum, J E, McGowan, C, Van Mels, W A, Brooks, D, Goswami, P B, Ryan, M, Klein, and C B, Bridges
- Subjects
Male ,Bangladesh ,Energy-Generating Resources ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Infant, Newborn ,Urban Health ,Infant ,Models, Biological ,Ventilation ,Cohort Studies ,Risk Factors ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Multivariate Analysis ,Housing ,Humans ,Female ,Cooking ,Longitudinal Studies - Abstract
Acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) are the leading cause of death among children5 years. Studies have found that biomass cooking fuels are an important risk factor for ALRI. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of natural household ventilation indicators on ALRI. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cooking fuel, natural household ventilation, and ALRI. During October 17, 2004-September 30, 2005, children5 years living in a low-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, were assessed weekly for ALRI and surveyed quarterly about biomass fuel use, electric fan ownership, and natural household ventilation (windows, ventilation grates, and presence of a gap between the wall and ceiling). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. Six thousand and seventy-nine children5 years enrolled during the study period (99% participation) experienced 1291 ALRI. In the multivariate model, ≥2 windows [OR = 0.75, 95% CI = (0.58, 0.96)], ventilation grates [OR = 0.80, 95% CI = (0.65, 0.98)], and not owning an electric fan [OR = 1.50, 95% CI = (1.21, 1.88)] were associated with ALRI; gap presence and using biomass fuels were not associated with ALRI. Structural factors that might improve household air circulation and exchange were associated with decreased ALRI risk. Improved natural ventilation might reduce ALRI among children in low-income families.The World Health Organization has stated that controlling pneumonia is a priority for achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal, which calls for a two-third reduction in mortality of children5 years old compared to the 1990 baseline. Our study represents an important finding of a modifiable risk factor that might decrease the burden of respiratory illness among children living in Bangladesh and other low-income settings similar to our study site. We found that the existence of at least two windows in the child's sleeping room was associated with a 25% decreased ALRI risk. Increasing available natural ventilation within the household in similar settings has the potential to reduce childhood mortality because of acute lower respiratory illnesses.
- Published
- 2011
4. Cooking fuel type, household ventilation, and the risk of acute lower respiratory illness in urban Bangladeshi children: a longitudinal study.
- Author
-
Murray EL, Brondi L, Kleinbaum D, McGowan JE, Van Mels C, Brooks WA, Goswami D, Ryan PB, Klein M, and Bridges CB
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Bangladesh, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Energy-Generating Resources, Female, Housing, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Biological, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Factors, Urban Health, Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects, Cooking, Respiratory Tract Diseases etiology, Ventilation
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) are the leading cause of death among children <5 years. Studies have found that biomass cooking fuels are an important risk factor for ALRI. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of natural household ventilation indicators on ALRI. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cooking fuel, natural household ventilation, and ALRI. During October 17, 2004-September 30, 2005, children <5 years living in a low-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, were assessed weekly for ALRI and surveyed quarterly about biomass fuel use, electric fan ownership, and natural household ventilation (windows, ventilation grates, and presence of a gap between the wall and ceiling). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. Six thousand and seventy-nine children <5 years enrolled during the study period (99% participation) experienced 1291 ALRI. In the multivariate model, ≥2 windows [OR = 0.75, 95% CI = (0.58, 0.96)], ventilation grates [OR = 0.80, 95% CI = (0.65, 0.98)], and not owning an electric fan [OR = 1.50, 95% CI = (1.21, 1.88)] were associated with ALRI; gap presence and using biomass fuels were not associated with ALRI. Structural factors that might improve household air circulation and exchange were associated with decreased ALRI risk. Improved natural ventilation might reduce ALRI among children in low-income families., Practical Implications: The World Health Organization has stated that controlling pneumonia is a priority for achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal, which calls for a two-third reduction in mortality of children <5 years old compared to the 1990 baseline. Our study represents an important finding of a modifiable risk factor that might decrease the burden of respiratory illness among children living in Bangladesh and other low-income settings similar to our study site. We found that the existence of at least two windows in the child's sleeping room was associated with a 25% decreased ALRI risk. Increasing available natural ventilation within the household in similar settings has the potential to reduce childhood mortality because of acute lower respiratory illnesses., (© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics.
- Author
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Murray EL, Klein M, Brondi L, McGowan JE Jr, van Mels C, Brooks WA, Kleinbaum D, Goswami D, Ryan PB, and Bridges CB
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Bangladesh epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Logistic Models, Male, Models, Theoretical, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tropical Climate, Crowding, Family Characteristics, Rain, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
SUMMARYAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death worldwide in children aged <5 years, and understanding contributing factors to their seasonality is important for targeting and implementing prevention strategies. In tropical climates, ARI typically peak during the pre-rainy and rainy seasons. One hypothesis is that rainfall leads to more time spent indoors, thus increasing exposure to other people and in turn increasing the risk of ARI. A case-crossover study design in 718 Bangladeshi children aged <5 years was used to evaluate this hypothesis. During a 3-month period with variable rainfall, rainfall was associated with ARI [odds ratio (OR) 2·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·87-4·70]; some evidence of an increased strength of association as household crowding increased was found (≥3 people/room, OR 3·31, 95% CI 2·03-5·38), but there was a lack of association in some of the most crowded households (≥5 to <6 people/room, OR 1·55, 95% CI 0·54-4·47). These findings suggest that rainfall may be increasing exposure to crowded conditions, thus leading to an increased risk of ARI, but that additional factors not captured by this analysis may also play a role.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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