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Establishment of nonnative Northern Pike Esox lucius in Pactola Reservoir, South Dakota, has prompted concern among biologists about the influence of this species on the lake’s intensively managed salmonid fisheries. Ancedotal information suggests that catch rates of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have declined while mean size and abundance of Northern Pike has increased, although quantitative information on diet and growth of the Northern Pike population is lacking. To address potential interactions between Northern Pike and Rainbow Trout, we assessed size-dependent predation by Northern Pike on Rainbow Trout and determined the relative energetic contribution of stocked Rainbow Trout to Northern Pike growth using bioenergetics modeling. Stable isotopes combined with traditional diet analyses revealed that smaller Northern Pike (

Isolation of fungi from samples of Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche minor Sm. plants collected from Syria, Morocco, and France yielded 16 different species belonging to nine genera. The most common genera were Alternaria, Fusarlum and Ulocladium. Eleven species out of the 16 had not been known previously to have occurred on Orobanche. In the preliminary laboratory and field tests Ulocladium atrum Preuss. could infect and destroy underground tubercles and emerged shoots of O. crenata provided temperature was around 20°C and the relative humidity between 50% and 80%. Its use as a potential biological control of Orobanche appears promising and should, therefore, be further studied.

The PACS packet channel (PPC) is the wireless packet data service option of the 1900 MHz broadband PCS PACS standard being standardized by T1P1.3. An overview of the protocol definition and some basic simulation performance results are presented.