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This book examines the changing conception of Native American cultures and histories within American public culture. Popular and academic representations of Native Americans have undergone significant alterations during the past 30 years, advancing, if not celebrating, interpretations which challenge images and narratives once central to national identity and cross-cultural relations. In spite of these positive efforts, museums, monuments, and other exhibitionary spaces continue to devalue, stereotype, and dismiss them. Importantly, then paradoxical effects of these modifications not only recuperate accounts which legitimated the conquest and subjugation of Native America, but also reproduce the inequalities and injustices which continue to structure the relations between EuroAmericans and Native Americans.This book presents historical ethnographies of four contexts to substantiate these positions: the Smithsonian Institution; the invention of Chief Illiniwek, the athletic mascot of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument; the exhibition of Comanche, the horse dubbed "the sole survivor of the Battle of the Little Bighorn", at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum. The study concludes with an evaluation of alternative strategies, including repatriation and reflexivity, which may promote the reconstruction of exhibitionary spaces.

AIM To compare (1) quality of life and (2) rate of recurrent small bowel obstructions (SBO) for patients treated with novel manual physiotherapy vs no treatment. METHODS One hundred and three subjects (age 19-89) with a history of recurrent adhesive SBO were treated with a manual physiotherapy called the Clear Passage Approach (CPA) which focused on decreasing adhesive crosslinking in abdominopelvic viscera. Pre- and post-therapy data measured recurring obstructions and quality of life, using a validated test sent 90 d after therapy. Results were compared to 136 untreated control subjects who underwent the same measurements for subjects who did not receive any therapy, which is the normal course for patients with recurring SBO. Comparison of the groups allowed us to assess changes when the physiotherapy was added as an adjunct treatment for patients with recurring SBO. RESULTS Despite histories of more prior hospitalizations, obstructions, surgeries, and years impacted by bowel issues, the 103 CPA-treated subjects reported a significantly lower rate of repeat SBO than 136 untreated controls (total obstructions P = 0.0003; partial obstructions P = 0.0076). Subjects treated with the therapy demonstrated significant improvements in five of six total domains in the validated Small Bowel Obstruction Questionnaire (SBO-Q). Domains of diet, pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life (QOL) and pain severity when compared to post CPA treatment were significantly improved (P < 0.0001). The medication domain was not changed in the CPA treated group (P = 0.176). CONCLUSION CPA physical therapy was effective for patients with adhesive SBO with significantly lower recurrence rate, improvement in reported symptoms and overall quality of life of subjects.

Small bowel obstructions (SBOs) caused by adhesions are a common, often life-threatening postsurgical complication with few treatment options available for patients. This study examines the efficacy of a manual physical therapy treatment regimen on the pain and quality of life of subjects with a history of bowel obstructions due to adhesions in a prospective, controlled survey based study. Changes in six domains of quality of life were measured via ratings reported before and after treatment using the validated Small Bowel Obstruction Questionnaire (SBO-Q). Improvements in the domains for pain (p=0.0087), overall quality of life (p=0.0016), and pain severity (p=0.0006) were significant when average scores before treatment were compared with scores after treatment. The gastrointestinal symptoms (p=0.0258) domain was marginally significant. There was no statistically significant improvement identified in the diet or medication domains in the SBO-Q for this population. Significant improvements in range of motion in the trunk (p≤0.001), often limited by adhesions, were also observed for all measures. This study demonstrates in a small number of subjects that this manual physical therapy protocol is an effective treatment option for patients with adhesive small bowel obstructions as measured by subject reported symptoms and quality of life.