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A well known method to solve the Polynomial Eigenvalue Problem (PEP) is via linearization. That is, transforming the PEP into a generalized linear eigenvalue problem with the same spectral information and solving such linear problem with some of the eigenvalue algorithms available in the literature. Linearizations of matrix polynomials are usually defined using unimodular transformations. In this paper we establish a connection between the standard definition of linearization for matrix polynomials introduced by Gohberg, Lancaster and Rodman and the notion of polynomial system matrix introduced by Rosenbrock. This connection gives new techniques to show that a matrix pencil is a linearization of the corresponding matrix polynomial arising in a PEP.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition which has a well-known association with ischemic cardiomyopathy, probably explained by an inflammatory mediator mechanism. Statins, besides reducing cholesterol production, have pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory activity. The goal was to evaluate the effect of statins as an addition to standard therapy on mood status, brain perfusion, and neurocognitive performance in MDD. Methods: We studied 20 MDD patients with brain single-photon emission tomography and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), half randomized to 10 mg of Rosuvastatin or placebo, in addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy and being reevaluated 3 months later. The images were compared using Statistical Parametric Mapping; clinical scores (Hamilton Depression Score with 17 items and Beck’s Depression Inventory) as well as neurocognitive parameters were applied as covariances (CoV) to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes with both therapies. Results: Clinical scores decreased in both groups (p = 0.0001); Beck’s presented a larger decrease with statins. We observed significantly rCBF changes expressed as significant larger clusters of voxels (p < 0.05) in the pre/subgenual anterior cingulate plus orbitofrontal cortex and a small area in the posterior cingulate gyrus in the statins group, whereas it was not observed with placebo, when using clinical scores as CoV. A similar pattern of rCBF changes was present with emotions recognition, attentional, paired associates learning, spatial planning, and working memory tasks. Conclusion: Short-term use of low-dose statins in MDD patients under SSRIs results in important rCBF changes in key mood associated areas to improvement in neurocognitive performance. These findings, even though demonstrated in a small sample, could open a new therapeutic tool in the comprehensive management of this disorder.

Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of science and represent some of the most intractable puzzles in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles. The lack of general solutions for the 3-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multi-particle bound states. In a ring of 24 superconducting qubits, we develop a high fidelity parameterizable fSim gate that we use to implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-1/2 XXZ model, an archetypal model of interaction. By placing microwave photons in adjacent qubit sites, we study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to 5 photons. We devise a phase sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the common wisdom that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit., 7 pages + 15 pages supplements

X-ray stereo digital image correlation (DIC) measurements were performed at 10 kHz on the internal surface of a jointed structure in a shock tube at a shock Mach number of 1.42 and compared with optical stereo DIC measurements on the outer, visible surface of the structure. The shock tube environment introduces temperature and density gradients in the gas through which the structure was imaged, resulting in spatial and temporal index of refraction variations. These variations cause bias errors in optical DIC measurements due to beam-steering but have minimal influence on x-ray DIC measurements. These results demonstrate the utility of time-resolved x-ray DIC measurements in complicated environments where optical measurements suffer severe errors and/or are precluded by lack of optical access.

The use of new technologies and online interventions with family members of people affected by severe mental disorders (SMD) seems to emerge as a promising complementary strategy to face-to-face care. The article presents a new online intervention format, aimed at relatives of people with SMD. A qualitative methodology sequenced in seven phases has been used. (1) The incorporation of relatives into the programme has allowed the intervention format to be adapted to the needs and opinions of the relatives themselves. (2) All the relatives were completely satisfied with the new online intervention format, and with how useful it had been for them. (1) The attention and support to family members of people with SMD through the Internet is a complementary intervention strategy to face-to-face care. (2) The online format of attention to family members can be incorporated into the usual practice of care services.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40737-022-00310-7.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Among its serious multisystemic complications is diabetic retinopathy (DR), which develops slowly and often insidiously. This disorder-the most common cause of vision loss in working-age adults-is characterized by functional and morphological changes in the retina. It results from the exacerbation of ischemic and inflammatory conditions prompted by alterations in the blood vessels, such as the development of leukostasis, thickening of the basement membrane, retinal neovascularization and fibrovascular tissue formation at the vitreoretinal interface. The pathogenic alterations are usually triggered at the biochemical level, involving a greater activity in 4 pathways: the polyol pathway, the hexosamine pathway, the formation of advanced glycation end-products and the activation of protein kinase C isoforms. When acting together, these pathways give rise to increased levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased levels of endogenous antioxidant agents, thus generating oxidative stress. All current therapies are aimed at the later stages of DR, and their application implies side effects. One possible strategy for preventing the complications of DM is to counteract the elevated superoxide production stemming from a high level of blood glucose. Accordingly, some treatments are under study for their capacity to reduce vascular leakage and avoid retinal ischemia, retinal neovascularization and macular edema. The present review summarizes the biochemical aspects of DR and the main approaches for treating it.

Modelling the failure of engineering polymers used in critical structural applications is still a challenging task that is increasingly demanded by the industry to optimize part design and estimate component service life. The difficulties include not only developing constitutive models capable of reproducing the complex polymer response at a reasonable computational cost, but also calibrating related parameters. That is to say, a way to find specific parameters which best represent the actual behavior of a material within the scope and limitations of a given constitutive or failure model. The aim of this study is to contribute in developing a robust inverse method calibration strategy. To address this issue, a novel approach based on genetic algorithms optimization (GA) together with finite element analysis (FEA) is proposed to blindly extract key constitutive and failure parameters from instrumented impact tests on single edge notched bending (SENB) specimens. The method was implemented to infer eight constitutive and failure parameters of a polyamide 12 (PA12) with an elasto-plastic ductile damage model. Triaxiality induced stable-unstable transition was successfully achieved by varying the notch depth of SENB specimens. Accordingly, three optimization schemes were conducted: (i) using only unstable experimental data; (ii) using only stable experimental data and (iii) using both simultaneously (multi-objective). The set of parameters obtained from each scheme were used to perform predictive FEA simulations, which were verified with experimental data. It was proven that both propagation regimes provide substantial information to obtain the mechanical response of the material. Simulation results evidenced the capability of the proposed strategy to predict the PA12 impact response and furthermore to fairly reproduce a completely different load case: a dynamic tensile test.

This paper presents a definition for local linearizations of rational matrices and studies their properties. This definition allows us to introduce matrix pencils associated to a rational matrix that preserve its structure of zeros and poles in subsets of any algebraically closed field and also at infinity. Moreover, such definition includes, as particular cases, other definitions that have been used previously in the literature. In this way, this new theory of local linearizations captures and explains rigorously the properties of all the different pencils that have been used from the 1970's until 2019 for computing zeros, poles and eigenvalues of rational matrices. Particular attention is paid to those pencils that have appeared recently in the numerical solution of nonlinear eigenvalue problems through rational approximation., 49 pages

This paper presents a case study of simulation-based design and experimental validation of the insert-injection molding process of a complex polyurethane part. The part under consideration is a dowel holder which is a machine element used in the concrete railway sleepers production. A simulation study was carried out to define the relevant mold design options and optimal molding parameters as well as to evaluate their influence on the part's quality indexes. Simulation was performed using the software Moldex3D. The mold was constructed according to the optimization analysis and a batch of pieces was manufactured under the optimized conditions. A mechanical testing experiment – representing the actual service loading conditions – was designed and performed to validate the mold and process designs and the part performance. Simulation and statistical analysis results allowed determining those conditions that lead to a better assembly between the part and the metallic insert and to its structural integrity. The mechanical performance evaluation demonstrated that the part meets all its functional and structural requirements, validating simulation predictions.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common complication in pregnant women. It is diagnosed between the 24th and 28th last menstrual period thanks to an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose. Although blood glucose levels usually return to normal after childbirth, it can lead to some medium- and long-term complications, including cardiovascular, metabolic and renal complications. Early detection of various risk factors related to these complications would avoid some negative consequences for women with background of gestational diabetes.Le diabète gestationnel est une complication fréquente chez la femme enceinte. Il est diagnostiqué entre la 24ème et la 28ème semaine d’aménorrhée grâce à la réalisation d’une hyperglycémie provoquée par voie orale avec 75 g de glucose. Même si la glycémie se normalise après l’accouchement dans la plupart des cas, un antécédent de diabète gestationnel peut entraîner différentes complications à moyen et long termes, notamment sur le plan cardiovasculaire, métabolique et rénal. Un dépistage précoce des différents facteurs de risque liés à ces complications permettrait d’éviter certaines conséquences néfastes pour les femmes après un diabète gestationnel.

Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with ℤ 2 parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.

Reported herein is a one-pot protocol for the oxodealkenylative introduction of carbonyl functionalities into terpenes and terpene-derived compounds. This transformation proceeds by Criegee ozonolysis of an alkene, reductive cleavage of the resulting α-alkoxy hydroperoxide, trapping of the generated alkyl radical with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl (TEMPO), and subsequent oxidative fragmentation with MMPP. Using readily available starting materials from chiral pool, a variety of carbonyl-containing products have been accessed rapidly in good yields.

El objetivo de trabajo fue caracterizar el ciclo del epitelio vaginal de ovejas de raza Santa Inês, mediante estudio citológico. Se tomaron muestras de la mucosa vaginal a 10 borregas sexualmente maduras, desde el primer día de celo y por 18 días. Las muestras se colorearon con Papanicolaou y se observaron en microscopio óptico. Se reconocieron células parabasales, intermedias profundas, intermedias superficiales y superficiales. Las células parabasales presentaron forma redondeada, citoplasma escaso y núcleo grande, fueron escasas. Las intermedias profundas de bordes redondeados, citoplasma más abundante y núcleo menor. Se observaron en mayor cantidad que las parabasales. Las intermedias superficiales fueron las más abundantes en todo el estudio y las de mayor diámetro. Presentaron forma poligonal y núcleo más pequeño. La identificación de dos tipos de célula intermedia, coincide con trabajos en perras, vacas y alpacas, en tanto otros trabajos describen un solo tipo. Las células superficiales se dividieron en dos subtipos, el A, con forma poligonal y núcleo picnótico y el B, con citoplasma más pequeño e intensamente acidófilo y núcleo picnótico. Este último no se encontró hasta el momento en otros trabajos con ovejas. Las modificaciones de los tipos celulares no reflejaron de manera precisa la fase del ciclo estral.

The Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology is very promising for silicon timing detectors and currently heavily researched. Recent studies show that the gain of LGADs highly depends on the charge carrier density inside the gain layer. To study the charge carrier density related gain reduction, the Two Photon Absorption-Transient Current Technique (TPA-TCT) was employed to obtain information on the drift velocity and electric field of a LGAD for different charge carrier densities. The TPA-TCT uses fs-pulse infrared lasers to provide a three-dimensional resolution to study bulk effects. A compact TPA-TCT setup was developed at CERN and is used to measure current transients against the device depth of a 285μ thick PIN and LGAD, fabricated by IMB-CNM. Methods to extract information about the electric field are employed to verify the charge carrier density related gain reduction. The gain layer of the LGAD is spatially resolved for the first time., This project was performed within the framework of RD50 and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA no 101004761 (AIDAinnova), the Wolfgang Gentner Program of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 05E18CHA), the Spanish Ministry of Science (grant no. PID2020-113705RB-C31), and the CERN Knowledge Transfer Fund , through a grant awarded in 2017., Código proyecto: PID2020-113705RB-C31

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a well-established, non-contact diagnostic technique used to measure shape, displacement and strain of a solid specimen subjected to loading or deformation. However, measurements using standard DIC can have significant errors or be completely infeasible in challenging experiments, such as explosive, combustion, or fluid-structure interaction applications, where beam-steering due to index of refraction variation biases measurements or where the sample is engulfed in flames or soot. To address these challenges, we propose using X-ray imaging instead of visible light imaging for stereo-DIC, since refraction of X-rays is negligible in many situations, and X-rays can penetrate occluding material. Two methods of creating an appropriate pattern for X-ray DIC are presented, both based on adding a dense material in a random speckle pattern on top of a less-dense specimen. A standard dot-calibration target is adapted for X-ray imaging, allowing the common bundle-adjustment calibration process in commercial stereo-DIC software to be used. High-quality X-ray images with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios for DIC are obtained for aluminum specimens with thickness up to 22.2 mm, with a speckle pattern thickness of only 80 μm of tantalum. The accuracy and precision of X-ray DIC measurements are verified through simultaneous optical and X-ray stereo-DIC measurements during rigid in-plane and out-of-plane translations, where errors in the X-ray DIC displacements were approximately 2–10 μm for applied displacements up to 20 mm. Finally, a vast reduction in measurement error—5–20 times reduction of displacement error and 2–3 times reduction of strain error—is demonstrated, by comparing X-ray and optical DIC when a hot plate induced a heterogeneous index of refraction field in the air between the specimen and the imaging systems. Collectively, these results show the feasibility of using X-ray-based stereo-DIC for non-contact measurements in exacting experimental conditions, where optical DIC cannot be used.

Direct chemical synthesis from methane and air under ambient conditions is attractive yet challenging. Low-valent organometallic compounds are known to activate methane, but their electron-rich nature seems incompatible with O2 and prevents catalytic air oxidation. We report selective oxidation of methane to methanol with an O2-sensitive metalloradical as the catalyst and air as the oxidant at room temperature and ambient pressure. The incompatibility between C–H activation and O2 oxidation is reconciled by electrochemistry and nanomaterials, with which a concentration gradient of O2 within the nanowire array spatially segregated incompatible steps in the catalytic cycle. An unexpected 220 000-fold increase of the apparent reaction rate constants within the nanowire array leads to a turnover number up to 52 000 within 24 h. The synergy between nanomaterials and organometallic chemistry warrants a new catalytic route for CH4 functionalization., Nanowire array promotes the separation of incompatible reaction steps to allow air-sensitive molecules to catalytically oxidize natural gas to alcohols under ambient conditions.

Excising an olefin Plants produce an abundance of structurally complex terpene compounds that are useful precursors to pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals. However, the carbon frameworks of these compounds constrain the available pathways for diversification. Smaligo et al. now show that successive treatment with ozone, an iron oxidant, and a hydrogen-atom donor can cleanly cleave pendant olefins from terpenes and related compounds (see the Perspective by Caille). Breaking the bond between saturated and double-bonded carbon centers offers a direct route to desirable chiral intermediates from readily available, inexpensive precursors. Science , this issue p. 681 ; see also p. 635

INTRODUCTION The number of variables that influence the success of an ACL reconstruction is such that, the use of numerical tools becomes increasingly necessary. In this work, a finite element model is developed to simulate the ACL reconstruction in its tibial insertion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tibiae and ligaments porcine samples were used in this work. As the tibial fixation, an interference screw with a nominal diameter of 7mm and a length of 25mm is used. The plasty which replace the injured ligament was characterize using tensile tests. Uniaxial and confined compression tests, as well as indentation tests, were used for characterizing trabecular bone. Finite element methods were used for the implementation of the ACL reconstruction simulation, which studies the effect in the knee joint of all the elements involved (plasty, bone and interference screw). RESULTS None of the models available for the description of the trabecular bone behavior (von Mises, Hill and Crushable Foam), is capable of doing it in a completely proper manner. The use of one or the other constitutive model does not greatly influence the numerical simulation results. CONCLUSIONS As trabecular bone has a strongly anisotropic and non-symmetric mechanical behavior, none of the constitutive models available in the finite element code used is capable of fully describing it. Thus, the use of von Mises criterion is recommended, as it is the easiest to define and the one that requires the least numerical resources (lower computational cost).

A promising approach to study condensed-matter systems is to simulate them on an engineered quantum platform

Background: Spiders are among the most venomous animals in nature. Their venom constitutes a source of novel and innovative peptides and proteins with medicinal and biotechnological interest. However, their potential as antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, anti-hypertensive and even in the modulation of nociception is under-studied, mainly because handling the venom is technically challenging and there is paucity of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) data. Due to the increasing evidence of underestimation of the number of genes by the use of a single transcriptome assembler, we re-assembled and optimized the de novo transcriptome of the venom gland of the recently described Colombian spider P. verdolaga, by using three free access algorithms: Trinity, Soapdenovo and SPAdes. All the assemblies were evaluated by statistical parameters (e.g. contigs, GC%, max and min length and N50), by applying BUSCO´s terms retrieval against the arthropod data set to determine the best assembly for each software.Results: Our analyses show that while approximately 54% of all the assembled and structurally annotated sequences could be found in all three algorithms, around 23% of these were unique for Trinity and 21% were unique for SPAdes. The non-redundant merge of all three assemblies’ output permitted the annotation of 8640 sequences; at least 15% more when compared to each software separately, and an increase of 20% when compared to a previous P. verdolaga assembly. Analysis of the annotated genes allowed the identification of unreported lectins, kinins and over 200 peptides and proteins with potential antimicrobial and protease inhibition activities. Furthermore, homology search against the Arachnoserver database and the EROP knowledgebase allowed the identification of 135 novel theraphotoxins of biotechnological interest.Conclusion: Transcriptomic data is of utmost importance for spiders, as it is one of the more feasible and scalable ways to characterize these organisms. However, the use of a single de novo assembler implies an under representation of the expressed sequences, as it has been shown here. In the generation of data for non-model organisms as well as in the search for novel peptides and proteins with biotechnological interest, it is highly recommended that at least two different assemblers are employed.

Dentro de las limas y limones en México, el limón persa es el cultivo de mayor importancia principalmente para Veracruz. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar costos y rentabilidad de la producción del limón persa la región centro de Veracruz. La información se recabó mediante la técnica de paneles de productores, adaptada para cuantificar ingresos y costos de unidades representativas de producción (URP). Los costos de producción obtenidos por hectárea para una URP de gran escala (arriba de 7.5 ha) son de $39,222.68, con gastos de mano de obra que representan el 44.3%; por otro lado, para una URP de baja escala (1.5 ha o menos) $76,147.62 con gastos de mano de obra del 86.4%. El análisis arroja también una relación beneficio/costo desembolsado y financiero por encima de uno, lo que indica que es un proyecto viable en el corto y mediano plazo, pero peligra en el largo plazo.

This paper reports results from a single-hologram beamsteering system that uses multi-plane hologram generation to allow simultaneous beamsteering of the red and green components of white light. Gigabit-per-second transmission is demonstrated using eye-safe levels of optical power.

Funding Information: Supported by ?Ministerio de Econom?a, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)? of Spain and ?Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)? of EU through grants MTM2015-65798-P and MTM2017-90682-REDT, and the predoctoral contract BES-2016-076744 of MINECO. Supported by an Academy of Finland grant (Suomen Akatemian p??t?s 331230). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier Inc. We construct a new family of linearizations of rational matrices R(λ) written in the general form R(λ)=D(λ)+C(λ)A(λ)−1B(λ), where D(λ), C(λ), B(λ) and A(λ) are polynomial matrices. Such representation always exists and is not unique. The new linearizations are constructed from linearizations of the polynomial matrices D(λ) and A(λ), where each of them can be represented in terms of any polynomial basis. In addition, we show how to recover eigenvectors, when R(λ) is regular, and minimal bases and minimal indices, when R(λ) is singular, from those of their linearizations in this family.

Background and aims: Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. Design: Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. Setting and Participants: Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. Measurements: Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world-wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads. Findings: Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. Conclusions: The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real-time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data. © 2019 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction

The reduced density operator of a single qubit coupled to a quantum oscillator is time-periodic even for stationary Hamiltonians. We construct some quantum master equations for such density operator and show that they can be expressed in the Lindblad form. Although the qubit is treated as an open system that exchanges information with the oscillator (environment), the dynamics of the entire system is unitary and such that no information is lost at any time. The time-evolution of the qubit is therefore developed with balanced gain and loss profile. Some subtleties arise since the appropriate master equation must include not only the decay (diffusion) process but also the excitation of the qubit. The advances reported in this work are addressed to cover the decay process only.

La Vicerrectoria Academica de la Universidad Santo Tomas en Tunja, articulada con el Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, buscan seguir promoviendo espacios academicos que contribuyan a la transformacion del ser humano y que a su vez integren la region dentro del contexto cientifico del mundo, mediante el fomento y divulgacion de la ciencia; razon por la cual en sintonia con el Plan Integral Multicampus se han propuesto incorporar espacios academicos que respondan a los desafios de la globalizacion y que en paralelo involucren novedosas metodologias para el desarrollo del pensamiento y ensenanza de la ciencia. Con este fin se realizo el III Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Basicas, durante los dias 10, 11 y 12 de Abril de 2019 en el Centro de Convenciones de la Camara de Comercio de Tunja, como espacio de visibilidad, impacto nacional y global, que servira como pauta y herramienta fundamental de exploracion hacia nuevos metodos de ensenanza, actualizacion del conocimiento y trascendencia del mismo en el desarrollo del ser humano y su entorno, con enfoque en los problemas de la region, el pais y el mundo. Finalmente, es importante resaltar que el objetivo principal del congreso, fue generar un espacio academico de caracter internacional, que permitiera fortalecer la divulgacion cientifica de trabajos e investigaciones en Ciencias Basicas, que contribuyan al desarrollo del ser humano y su entorno, por lo cual dentro de este documento se encontraran trabajos entorno a la ensenanza de las Ciencias, la Fisica, Quimica y Biologia experimental, al igual que trabajos con respecto a la simulacion en Matematicas, Estadistica y aplicaciones.