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Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) can phosphorylate and degrade β-catenin, and negatively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. MiR-224 up-regulation is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Bioinformatics analysis showed complementary binding sites between miR-224 and GSK-3β. This study investigated if miR-224 plays a role in mediating GSK-3β expression, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis as well as drug sensitivity of Adriamycin (ADM).Dual luciferase gene reporter assay demonstrated the regulatory relationship between miR-224 and GSK-3β. Expression of miR-224, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and Survivin was measured in normal colon epithelium NCM460, CRC cell line SW480, and drug-resistant SW480/ADM cell line. Flow cytometry measured apoptosis under ADM with an IC50 concentration of SW480 cells, followed by CCK-8 analysis of cell proliferation. SW480/ADM cells were treated with miR-224 inhibitor and/or pSicoR-GSK-3β, followed by analysis of the expressions of GSK-3β, β-catenin and Survivin, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation by EdU staining.MiR-224 targeted and inhibited GSK-3β expression. In SW480/ADM cells, GSK-3β expression and cell apoptosis rate were lower than those in SW480 cells, whilst miR-224, β-catenin, and Survivin expression or proliferation were higher than those in SW480 cells. Transfection of miR-224 inhibitor and/or pSicoR-GSK-3β significantly increased GSK-3β expression in SW480/ADM cells, and decreased β-catenin and Survivin expression, leading to reduced proliferation potency, enhanced cell apoptosis and suppressed ADM resistance.MiR-224 up-regulation is associated with ADM resistance of CRC cells. Suppression of miR-224 expression up-regulated GSK-3β expression, inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway activity and Survivin expression, as well as reduced ADM resistance of CRC SW480 cells.

Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare tumor with highly recurrent and lack of effective treatment. Long non- coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play roles in various cancers including NPC. Methods In the current study, two cell lines of NPC (CNE-2Z and 5-8F cells) were transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting lncRNA-ENST00000412010 (shlncRNA) or control shRNA (shControl). Cell proliferation, survival, in vitro colony formation, and in vivo xenograft tumor formation were then investigated. Results The study found that cells transfected with shlncRNA grew significantly slower than the cells transfected with shControl as measured on day 5; increased in Annexin V expression; decreased in colony formation; and smaller in xenograft tumor size on day 45. Expression of DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, dual specificity protein phosphatase 5, insulin receptor substrate 1, interleukin-6, and tribbles homolog 3 genes was significantly up-regulated in the cells transfected with shlncRNA, while gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B was significantly down-regulated in the cells transfected with shlncRNA. Immunoblotting assay confirmed DUSP5 protein was significantly increased while proteins of MMP-7 and CDKN2B were significantly lower in the cells lacking lncRNA than that of the control cells. Conclusions These findings suggested that lncRNA-ENST00000412010 plays a role in modulating NPC survival and tumorigenesis through regulating molecules associated with cell cycle and protein phosphatase.

As a sensor of the olfactory system, olfactory epithelium plays an important role in the olfactory system. In addition, olfactory epithelium is the only neuroepithelial epithelium in mammals that can maintain its self-renewal all along. There are of great significance in researching regenerating and repairing neural tissues, transplanting and treatment neural stem cells as well as the occurrence of olfactory disorders and intervention. This review will describe the characteristics of olfactory epithelial stem cells, and mainly summerize the function and significance of each transcription factor in the process of olfactory epithelial stem cell development and differentiation, in order to provide new ideas for the study of olfactory epithelial stem cells.嗅上皮既是嗅觉系统的感受器，又是哺乳动物体内唯一能够终生保持自我更新能力的神经性上皮，对神经组织的再生与修复、神经干细胞的移植与治疗、嗅觉障碍的发病与干预的研究都具有十分重要的意义。本文将阐述嗅上皮干细胞的特点，并针对各转录因子在嗅上皮干细胞发育和分化过程中发挥的功能和意义展开综述，以期为嗅上皮干细胞的研究提供新思路。.

In this study, effect of aging treatment on microstructure, deformation behavior, and superelasticity of Ti48.8Ni50.8V0.4 alloy was investigated. After aging at 400 °C for 30 min, Ti3Ni4 precipitates formed. With increasing aging temperature from 300 to 450 °C, the yield strength of reoriented martensite increased due to the strengthening effect of Ti3Ni4 phase, thus improved the shape recovery ratio and reduced the stress hysteresis. Further increasing the aging temperature, the size of Ti3Ni4 precipitates increased and the coherency between precipitate and matrix gradually lost, leading to the decreasing yield strength of reoriented martensite and shape recovery ratio. Simultaneously, the stress hysteresis increased resulting from the hinder of plastic deformation to the interfacial movement during phase transformation. The critical stress to induce martensitic transformation continuously decreased with increasing aging temperature.

In this article, the effect of aging on martensitic transformation of Ti48.8Ni50.8V0.4 alloy was investigated. The results show that the martensitic transformation of the solution-treated shape memory alloy is a typical single-stage transformation process. The transformation temperatures of the samples aged at different temperatures for 0.5 h were lower as compared to that of the solution-treated alloy. With the increase of aging temperature, the transformation temperatures increase. After aging at 500 °C, the samples exhibit a multiple-stage transformation. The samples after aging at 500 °C for more than 5 h resulted in the transformation sequence of A → R→M1 and A → M2 upon cooling and M2 → A and M1 → A upon heating.

To comparatively evaluate the efficacy and post-operative complications of the Madigan's prostatectomy (MPC) and suprapubic prostatectomy (SPPC).A total of 43 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were divided into two groups: 21 underwent MPC and 22, SPPC. In all the patients, the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and urinary pressure-flow studies were assessed before and 6 months after operation. The International Continence Society (ICS) nomogram, Abrams-Griffiths (AG) number and linear passive urethral resistance relation analysis (L-PURR) were used to diagnose and grade bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). The IPSS and the urodynamic parameters before and after operation, as well as the advantages and post-operative complications were recorded and compared.Patients of both the MPC and SPPC groups had a significant improvement in IPSS and urodynamic parameters. Obstruction was relieved in 81.0% of MPC and 86.4% of SPPC patients. MPC has the advantages of the absence of postoperative hematuria and post-catheter stricture, a shorter period of hospitalization, and lower incidence of retrograde ejaculation and erectile dysfunction.Both MPC and SPPC can effectively relieve BOO. MPC has certain advantages and a lower incidence of complications as compared with SPPC.

To study the behavior of external urethral sphincter in chronic prostatitis (CP) patient under natural filling.Twenty-one CP patients and 17 normal volunteers were involved in the study. Both the patients and volunteers underwent ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AM) and conventional medium filling cystometry (CMG). Urodec 500 was used for AM and Menuet for CMG. AM findings from CP patients were compared with those from normal volunteers, and the results from AM were compared with those from CMG.In AM, the resting and voiding external urethral sphincter (EUS) pressures and maximum urethral closure pressures (MUCP) were significantly higher in CP patients [(121.5 +/- 10.3) and (85. 6 +/- 3.5) cm water, respectively] than in normal volunteers [(77.6 +/- 11.4) and (10.3 + 1.6) cm water, respectively)].The behavioral changes of EUS in CP patients included spasm and instability of EUS, which were demonstrated using AM under natural filling; the findings were also in accord with the results of CMG.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was set up with double primer pairs of major immediate-early and late gene in order to detect human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) from urine. This method was applied to the detection of HCMV in clinical samples of urine from renal transplant recipients. The result indicated that the primers did not cross react with other members of the herpes family of virus and human genomic DNA; that the HCMV AD169 tissue culture mixture used and the dilutions to estimate the sensitivity of PCR relative to tissue culture, 2.5 microliters of a 10(-3) dilution of the culture (625fg HCMV DNA) assayed were detected by direct gel analysis; that 25 of 30 samples of urine from the renal transplant recipients (serum HCMV IgM positive) were positive. It is conclude that PCR amplification is a valuable tool for diagnoses of HCMV infection in renal transplant recipients.

7552 Background: There are different clinical factors associated with radiation-induced lung injury in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) that have been studied, whereas their value are not same. According to their source, the factors can be sorted to four types. Methods: 119 NSCLC patients treated with 3D-CRT during 2003–2005 were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into two arms according to whether grade >2 radiation- induced lung injury named by RTOG 3.0 were observed. The clinical parameters related to radiation-induced lung injury were divided into four sorts: general state of health and systematic sickness (gender, age, KPS, COPD, heart disease, diabetes), tumor-related factors (location, stage, volume), radiotherapy-related factors (dose, fraction per day, target margin, dosimetric parameters), other treatment factors (chemotherapy timing and agents). Univariate and multivariate analyses of the relation between clinical parameters and radiation pneumonitis were performed. Results: Occurrence of grade >2 radiation-induced lung injury was observed in 17/119 patients. In univariate analyses, GTV (p=0.009), ipsilateral mean lung dose (MLD)(p=0.017), ipsilateral lung V20 (p=0.036)and total lung MLD (p=0.034) were associated with radiation-induced lung injury. In multivariate analysis, ipsilateral lung MLD was the only independent factor associated with radiation-induced lung injury (p=0.019). A significant correlation was also observed between the three volumetric parameters (p≤0.001). Conclusions: Ipsilateral lung MLD was the only independent factor associated with grade >2 radiation-induced lung injury in our study, so that it should be included as a dose constraint factor for 3D-CRT of NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

7602 Background: To explore he relationship between radiation-induced lung injury and chemotherapy in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by three-dimensional conformal rad...

7555 Background: To explore the relationship between computed tomography grading of radiation-induced lung injury and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in the patients with non-small ce...

11586 Background: To measure the depth and width of the internal mammary lymph nodes according to internal mammary artery and vein on CT simulation in breast cancer after surgery. Methods: Between ...