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1. Precision measurement of the specific activity of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon with the DEAP-3600 detector

Author

P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, J. Anstey, G. R. Araujo, D. J. Auty, M. Baldwin, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, S. Choudhary, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, R. Crampton, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, P. Di Stefano, J. DiGioseffo, G. Dolganov, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, A. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, A. Giménez-Alcázar, D. Goeldi, V. V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, S. Haskins, C. Hearns, J. Hu, J. Hucker, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, A. Joy, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, M. Kuźniak, F. La Zia, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, J. LePage-Bourbonnais, N. Levashko, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, L. Luzzi, I. Machulin, P. Majewski, A. Maru, J. Mason, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, L. Mirasola, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, D. Papi, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, F. Rad, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, R. Santorelli, F. G. Schuckman II, N. Seeburn, S. Seth, V. Shalamova, K. Singhrao, P. Skensved, N. J. T. Smith, B. Smith, K. Sobotkiewich, T. Sonley, J. Sosiak, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Veloce, S. Viel, B. Vyas, M. Walczak, J. Walding, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, and DEAP Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The specific activity of the $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 ± 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector is well-suited to measure the decay of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar owing to its very low background levels. This is achieved in two ways: it uses low background construction materials; and it uses pulse-shape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoils. With 167 live-days of data, the measured specific activity at the time of atmospheric extraction is (0.964 ± 0.001 $$_\textrm{stat}$$ stat ± 0.024 $$_\textrm{sys}$$ sys ) Bq/kg $$_\textrm{atmAr}$$ atmAr , which is consistent with results from other experiments. A cross-check analysis using different event selection criteria and a different statistical method confirms the result.

Published
2023
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2. Using Best-Worst Scaling to assess preferences for online psychological interventions to decrease cannabis use in young adults with psychosis

Author

O. Tatar, A. Abdel-Baki, H. Bakouni, A. Bahremand, T. Lecomte, J. Côté, D. Crockford, S. L’Heureux, C. Ouellet-Plamondon, M.-A. Roy, P. G. Tibbo, M. Villeneuve, and D. Jutras-Aswad

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Introduction In individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP) and cannabis use disorder (CUD), reducing cannabis use is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Access to evidence-based psychological interventions to decrease cannabis use in FEP clinics is highly variable; E-mental health interventions may help to address this gap. Development of E-interventions for CUD in individuals with FEP is in its incipient phases. Objectives To assess preferences for online psychological interventions aiming at decreasing or stopping cannabis use in young adults with psychosis and CUD. Methods Individuals aged 18 to 35 years old with psychosis and CUD were recruited from seven FEP intervention programs in Canada and responded to an electronic survey between January 2020-July 2022. We used the Case 2 Best Worst Scaling methodology that is grounded in the trade-off utility concept to collect and analyse data. Participants selected the best or worst option for each of the nine questions corresponding to three distinct domains. For each domain we used conditional logistic regression and marginal models (i.e., three models in total) to estimate preferences for attributes (e.g., duration, frequency of online intervention sessions) and attribute levels (e.g., 15 minutes, every day). Results Participants (N=104) showed higher preferences for the following attributes: duration of online sessions; mode of receiving the intervention; method of feedback delivery and the frequency of feedback from clinicians (Table 1). Attribute-level analyses showed higher preferences for participating once a week in short (15 minutes) online interventions (Figure 1). Participants valued the autonomy offered by online interventions which aligns with their preference for completing the intervention outside the clinic and only require assistance once a week (Figure 2). Participants’ preferences were higher for receiving feedback related to cannabis consumption both from the application and clinicians at a frequency of once a week from clinicians (Figure 3).Table 1.Preferences for Attributes. Results of conditional logistic regression Attributes Domains OR 95% CI for OR Duration session A 1.62 1.45; 1.82 Frequency sessions 0.98 0.87; 1.09 Duration intervention ref Preferred mode of receiving the intervention B 1.63 1.46; 1.83 Preferred location for participating 1.07 0.96; 1.20 Frequency of assistance from the clinician ref Preference for the feedback delivery method C 1.21 1.08; 1.36 Frequency of feedback from the treating clinician 1.14 1.02; 1.28 Frequency of feedback from the application ref Note: In boldface significant odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) Image: Image 2: Image 3: Conclusions Using advanced methodologies to assess preferences, our results can inform the development of highly acceptable E-Mental health interventions for decreasing cannabis use in individuals with CUD and FEP. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Published
2023
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3. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author

P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, D. J. Auty, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, J. DiGioseffo, P. Di Stefano, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, T. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, N. Levashko, X. Li, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, E. Sánchez-García, R. Santorelli, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, and DEAP Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\text{ Ar }$$ 39 Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.

Published
2021
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4. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author

DEAP Collaboration, P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, G. R. Araujo, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, C. E. Bina, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, A. Butcher, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, S. J. Daugherty, P. Di Stefano, K. Dering, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, A. Erlandson, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, A. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, E. A. Garcés, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, S. Langrock, F. La Zia, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, X. Li, O. Litvinov, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, P. Majewski, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, V. Pesudo, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, E. Sanchez García, T. Sánchez-Pastor, R. Santorelli, N. Seeburn, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Veloce, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, and A. Zuñiga-Reyes

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$ O (ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.

Published
2020
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10. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author

N. J. T. Smith, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, B. Lehnert, J. B. McLaughlin, K. Dering, I. N. Machulin, P. Garcia Abia, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, D. Goeldi, C. Ng, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Skensved, D. Gallacher, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, F. La Zia, M. Kuźniak, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Fiorillo, Stefano Cavuoti, T. Sánchez-Pastor, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Pasuthip, C. Hearns, F. Retiere, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, O. Kamaev, M. C. Piro, C. Stone, N. Levashko, A. Butcher, S. Westerdale, Darren Grant, P. Giampa, F. A. Duncan, B. Broerman, B. Beltran, N. Seeburn, O. Litvinov, P. Nadeau, A. Joy, X. Li, Monica Dunford, T. Sonley, S. Viel, A. L. Hallin, V. Pesudo, S. J. M. Peeters, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, Giuseppe Longo, J. Walding, P. Majewski, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Ajaj, R. Mehdiyev, A. Ilyasov, S. Langrock, P. Gorel, B. T. Cleveland, Martin Ward, C. Mielnichuk, Bhaskar Sur, C. E. Bina, G. R. Araujo, P. J. Harvey, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, S. J. Daugherty, A. Erlandson, J. Willis, Luca Doria, S. Pal, S. Garg, E. T. Rand, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, T. McElroy, R. Stainforth, P. Di Stefano, A. Grobov, K. Graham, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, A. Flower, M. Stringer, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, M. Hamstra, R. Gagnon, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, DEAP, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillation counter, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract

DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$O(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.

Published
2020
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11. Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Author

Jasmine C Ouellet, Jean Rivoal, and Sonia Dorion

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Cellular respiration, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Metabolite, S-glutathionylation, Review, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Detoxification, methylglyoxal, medicine, oxidative stress, S-Glutathionylation, glutathione, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, reactive oxygen species, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, Methylglyoxal, metabolic adaptation, glyoxalase pathway, Glutathione, QR1-502, chemistry, plant stress, Oxidative stress, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.

Published
2021

12. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 β decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author

P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, D. J. Auty, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, J. DiGioseffo, P. Di Stefano, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, T. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, N. Levashko, X. Li, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, E. Sánchez-García, R. Santorelli, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, DEAP Collaboration, and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, QC770-798, Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Signal, DEAP, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, Computational physics, Pulse (physics), QB460-466, Computer Science::Mathematical Software, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $^{39}$Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulseshape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD algorithm: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the charge of a single photoelectron, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulseshape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected., 14 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021

13. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author

N. Ackerman, J. Albert, M. Auger, D.J. Auty, I. Badhrees, P.S. Barbeau, L. Bartoszek, E. Baussan, V. Belov, C. Benitez-Medina, T. Bhatta, M. Breidenbach, T. Brunner, G.F. Cao, W.R. Cen, C. Chambers, B. Cleveland, R. Conley, S. Cook, M. Coon, W. Craddock, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S.J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, C.G. Davis, J. Davis, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. deVoe, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, A. Dobi, A.G. Dolgolenko, M.J. Dolinski, M. Dunford, J. Echevers, L. Espic, W. Fairbank, D. Fairbank, J. Farine, W. Feldmeier, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. Fierlinger, K. Fouts, D. Franco, D. Freytag, D. Fudenberg, P. Gautam, G. Giroux, R. Gornea, K. Graham, G. Gratta, C. Hagemann, C. Hall, K. Hall, G. Haller, E.V. Hansen, C. Hargrove, R. Herbst, S. Herrin, J. Hodgson, M. Hughes, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, C. Jessiman, M.J. Jewell, A. Johnson, T.N. Johnson, S. Johnston, A. Karelin, L.J. Kaufman, R. Killick, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K.S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D.S. Leonard, F. Leonard, F. LePort, G.S. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y.H. Lin, D. Mackay, R. MacLellan, M. Marino, J.-M. Martin, Y. Martin, T. McElroy, K. McFarlane, T. Michel, B. Mong, D.C. Moore, K. Murray, R. Neilson, R. Nelson, O. Njoya, O. Nusair, K. O'Sullivan, A. Odian, I. Ostrovskiy, C. Ouellet, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, C.Y. Prescott, K. Pushkin, F. Retiere, A. Rivas, A.L. Robinson, E. Rollin, P.C. Rowson, M.P. Rozo, J. Runge, J.J. Russell, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, S. Slutsky, E. Smith, A.K. Soma, V. Stekhanov, V. Strickland, M. Swift, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, D. Tosi, T.I. Totev, R. Tsang, K. Twelker, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, J.-L. Vuilleumier, J.-M. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, A. Waite, J. Walton, T. Walton, K. Wamba, J. Watkins, M. Weber, L.J. Wen, U. Wichoski, M. Wittgen, J. Wodin, J. Wood, G. Wrede, S.X. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y.-R. Yen, O.Ya. Zeldovich, and T. Ziegler

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments

Published
2021

14. Intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion regulation: Proposal for an integrative model of generalized anxiety disorder

Author

Martin D. Provencher, C. Ouellet, Frédéric Langlois, and Patrick Gosselin

Subjects
Uncertainty model, 050103 clinical psychology, Generalized anxiety disorder, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Structural equation modeling, 030227 psychiatry, Limited access, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orientation (mental), medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Worry, Psychology, Negative emotion, Applied Psychology, Cognitive psychology, media_common
Abstract

Introduction The Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (IUM) is a well-tested model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Objective To test an extension of the IUM that suggests that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) contributes to worry not only by leading to a negative problem orientation, but also by leading to a negative emotion orientation. Method A total of two hundred and four non-clinical participants completed self-report measures. A structural equation model, which integrates the double role of negative orientation, was tested. Results The proposed model represents well the relationships between IU, negative problem orientation, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and worry. Conclusion These preliminary results support the importance to study the relationships between IU and emotion regulation, and the need to develop an integrative theory of worry and GAD.

Published
2019
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16. Costs And Savings Associated With Community Water Fluoridation In The United States

Author

Joan O’Connell, Jennifer Rockell, Scott L. Tomar, Judith C. Ouellet, and William Maas

Subjects
Population, Water fluoridation in the United States, Dental Caries, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost Savings, Fluoridation, Return on investment, Environmental health, Health care, Per capita, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Water fluoridation, Dental Care, education, health care economics and organizations, education.field_of_study, Health economics, business.industry, Health Policy, 030206 dentistry, United States, Models, Economic, Economic model, business
Abstract

The most comprehensive study of US community water fluoridation program benefits and costs was published in 2001. This study provides updated estimates using an economic model that includes recent data on program costs, dental caries increments, and dental treatments. In 2013 more than 211 million people had access to fluoridated water through community water systems serving 1,000 or more people. Savings associated with dental caries averted in 2013 as a result of fluoridation were estimated to be $32.19 per capita for this population. Based on 2013 estimated costs ($324 million), net savings (savings minus costs) from fluoridation systems were estimated to be $6,469 million and the estimated return on investment, 20.0. While communities should assess their specific costs for continuing or implementing a fluoridation program, these updated findings indicate that program savings are likely to exceed costs.

Published
2016
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17. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author

C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, C. Jillings, C. E. Bina, S. Langrock, T. Sonley, C. M. Nantais, Stefano Cavuoti, Peter Majewski, M. C. Piro, V. V. Golovko, K. Graham, N. J. T. Smith, O. Litvinov, P. Skensved, J. B. McLaughlin, Darren Grant, E. Sanchez Garcia, P. Nadeau, O. Kamaev, I. Kochanek, M. G. Boulay, Min Chen, Martin Ward, D. Gallacher, R. J. Ford, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, F. La Zia, N. Fatemighomi, Giuseppe Longo, T. McGinn, S. Viel, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, A. Erlandson, D. Goeldi, B. Lehnert, V. Pesudo, N. Seeburn, V. Strickland, E. T. Rand, S. Garg, R. Gagnon, K. Dering, C. Mielnichuk, R. Santorelli, Bhaskar Sur, P. Pasuthip, T. McElroy, A. J. Noble, P. Gorel, Xiujiang Li, S. J. M. Peeters, R. Ajaj, B. Beltran, A. Flower, C. Ng, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Joy, J. Walding, M. Waqar, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, J. Willis, M. Batygov, C. Hearns, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, G. R. Araujo, R. Mehdiyev, A. L. Hallin, G. Fiorillo, B. T. Cleveland, F. Retiere, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, B. C. Smith, M. Kuźniak, C. Stone, S. Westerdale, F. A. Duncan, R. Stainforth, B. Broerman, A. Butcher, Bei Cai, C. Ouellet, M. Dunford, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. M. Burghardt, P. Giampa, P. Garcia Abia, Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Dark matter, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, DEAP, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Single phase, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, Prior information, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Liquid argon, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Author(s): Ajaj, R; Araujo, GR; Batygov, M; Beltran, B; Bina, CE; Boulay, MG; Broerman, B; Bueno, JF; Burghardt, PM; Butcher, A; Cai, B; Cardenas-Montes, M; Cavuoti, S; Chen, M; Chen, Y; Cleveland, BT; Dering, K; Duncan, FA; Dunford, M; Erlandson, A; Fatemighomi, N; Fiorillo, G; Flower, A; Ford, RJ; Gagnon, R; Gallacher, D; Garcia Abia, P; Garg, S; Giampa, P; Goeldi, D; Golovko, VV; Gorel, P; Graham, K; Grant, DR; Hallin, AL; Hamstra, M; Harvey, PJ; Hearns, C; Joy, A; Jillings, CJ; Kamaev, O; Kaur, G; Kemp, A; Kochanek, I; Kuźniak, M; Langrock, S; La Zia, F; Lehnert, B; Li, X; Litvinov, O; Lock, J; Longo, G; Majewski, P; McDonald, AB; McElroy, T; McGinn, T; McLaughlin, JB; Mehdiyev, R; Mielnichuk, C; Monroe, J; Nadeau, P; Nantais, C; Ng, C; Noble, AJ; Ouellet, C; Pasuthip, P; Peeters, SJM; Pesudo, V; Piro, MC; Pollmann, TR; Rand, ET; Rethmeier, C; Retiere, F; Sanchez Garcia, E; Santorelli, R; Seeburn, N; Skensved, P; Smith, B; Smith, NJT; Sonley, T; Stainforth, R; Stone, C; Strickland, V; Sur, B; Vazquez-Jauregui, E | Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for weakly interacting massive particles dark matter with a 3.3 ×103 kg single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is kilo electron volt-scale Ar40 nuclear recoils producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by photomultiplier tubes. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ERs) induced by β and γ rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. Pulse-shape discrimination separates ER and NR events. However, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components sets valuable constraints on NR backgrounds including neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of Ar42 in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of K42. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon, e.g., DarkSide-20k, GERDA, or LEGEND. The specific activity of Ar42 in the atmosphere is found to be 40.4±5.9 μBq/kg of argon.

Published
2019

18. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author

C. Hearns, B. Lehnert, P. Gorel, Randall White, S. Florian, J. B. McLaughlin, A. Kemp, T. Pollmann, S. J. M. Peeters, C. Lim, A. J. Noble, R. Mathew, D. Bishop, K. Olchanski, J. F. Bueno, N. Seeburn, A. Muir, Y. Linn, W. Rau, Shuai Liu, P. Liimatainen, T. McElroy, C. Rethmeier, Stephen Kam-wah Chan, T. Bromwich, Monica Dunford, K. S. Olsen, C. Ouellet, R. Chouinard, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ohlmann, C. Ng, Laurelle Maria Veloce, O. Kamaev, S. Langrock, R. Gagnon, P. Amaudruz, A. Butcher, M. Hamstra, Jocelyn Monroe, C. Mielnichuk, B. T. Cleveland, Bhaskar Sur, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, Min Chen, K. W. McFarlane, A. Hall, O. Li, J. Tang, P. Giampa, J. Walding, J. Soukup, M. Batygov, K. Graham, K. Singhrao, R. Stainforth, T. Lindner, A. B. McDonald, Martin Ward, Darren Grant, S. Mead, B. Smith, Bei Cai, R. Gornea, Mark Guy Boulay, Peter Majewski, N. Fatemighomi, P. Skensved, P. Pasuthip, P. M. Burghardt, R. Ford, J. DiGioseffo, J. Lidgard, J. Bonatt, C. Stone, M. Kuźniak, S. Westerdale, N. J. T. Smith, B. Broerman, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, A. Flower, Joanne Taylor, E. Grace, T. Sonley, P. J. Harvey, R. Mehdiyev, A. Erlandson, F. La Zia, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, K. Dering, E. Gulyev, E. O'Dwyer, B. Beltran, S. Dittmeier, E. Woolsey, A. L. Hallin, Gary Boorman, C. J. Jillings, M. Baldwin, B. Shaw, E. T. Rand, C. E. Bina, J. Zielinski, V. Strickland, S. Churchwell, and D. Cranshaw

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, DEAP, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Physics, Argon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination (DEAP) has been designed for a direct detection search for particle dark matter using a single-phase liquid argon target. The projected cross section sensitivity for DEAP-3600 to the spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons is $10^{-46}~\rm{cm}^{2}$ for a 100 GeV/$c^2$ WIMP mass with a fiducial exposure of 3 tonne-years. This paper describes the physical properties and construction of the DEAP-3600 detector., minor corrections in version 2. 70 pages, 24 figures, to be submitted to Astroparticle Physics Journal

Published
2019

20. An RF-only ion-funnel for extraction from high-pressure gases

Author

David Leonard, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, T. Daniels, F. Retière, R. MacLellan, D. Fudenberg, J. Farine, P. S. Barbeau, I. Ostrovskiy, F. Leonard, R. Gornea, Marc Weber, D. Tosi, E. Smith, P. C. Rowson, Douglas H Beck, J. Walton, Y-R Yen, K. Graham, U. Wichoski, David A. Sinclair, J. L. Vuilleumier, M. Heffner, A. Craycraft, Monica Dunford, A. Piepke, M. Hughes, A. Sabourov, T. Tolba, A. Schubert, J. B. Albert, W. Feldmeier, L. J. Kaufman, David Moore, T. Didberidze, M. Tarka, B. Mong, D. J. Auty, C. Licciardi, V.N. Stekhanov, T. Brunner, Yuehe Lin, A. Karelin, Martin Breidenbach, S. J. Daugherty, C. Benitez-Medina, Ryan Killick, R. DeVoe, Lorenzo Fabris, C. Chambers, B. T. Cleveland, K. S. Kumar, A. Pocar, C. Ouellet, A. Kuchenkov, Giorgio Gratta, S. Kravitz, V. Varentsov, Liang Yang, Jens Dilling, M. Coon, T. N. Johnson, M. J. Jewell, A. Odian, K. Twelker, X. S. Jiang, R. Krücken, T. Walton, M. P. Rozo, M. J. Dolinski, Michael G. Marino, S. Johnston, P. Fierlinger, Liangjian Wen, and Guofu Cao

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Trace Amounts, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Xenon, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Time projection chamber, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Barium, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, Atomic physics, Bar (unit)
Abstract

An RF ion-funnel technique has been developed to extract ions from a high-pressure (10 bar) noble-gas environment into a vacuum (10(-6) mbar). Detailed simulations have been performed and a prototype has been developed for the purpose of extracting Ba-136 ions from Xe gas with high efficiency. With this prototype, ions have been extracted for the first time from high-pressure xenon gas and argon gas. Systematic studies have been carried out and compared to simulations. This demonstration of extraction of ions, with mass comparable to that of the gas generating the high-pressure, has applications to Ba tagging from a Xe-gas time-projection chamber for double-beta decay, as well as to the general problem of recovering trace amounts of an ionized element in a heavy (m > 40 u) carrier gas. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2015
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21. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author

J. B. McLaughlin, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, P. Nadeau, C. E. Bina, P. Skensved, T. Pollmann, T. Sonley, Y. Linn, B. Lehnert, C. Stone, W. Rau, S. Westerdale, J. F. Bueno, N. Seeburn, T. McElroy, J. Walding, B. Broerman, J. Lidgard, C. Ng, K. Olchanski, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, S. J. M. Peeters, A. Muir, T. Lindner, D. Bishop, K. Graham, K. Singhrao, S. Mead, C. Hearns, K. W. McFarlane, M. Kuźniak, E. T. Rand, P. Gorel, T. Bromwich, A. J. Noble, S. Churchwell, A. Kemp, Joanne Taylor, C. Lim, P. Liimatainen, C. Mielnichuk, E. O'Dwyer, Bhaskar Sur, B. Smith, P. Giampa, E. Grace, Bei Cai, N. Fatemighomi, R. Gornea, R. Ford, R. Mathew, D. Cranshaw, K. Dering, Monica Dunford, P. Pasuthip, O. Kamaev, M. Hamstra, R. Mehdiyev, V. V. Golovko, P. J. Harvey, Martin Ward, Min Chen, N. J. T. Smith, J. Zielinski, A. Erlandson, Gary Boorman, E. Gulyev, F. La Zia, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, Stephen Kam-wah Chan, S. Langrock, B. T. Cleveland, A. Hall, Mark Guy Boulay, R. Gagnon, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, Jocelyn Monroe, Shuai Liu, J. Bonatt, R. Stainforth, A. B. McDonald, O. Li, J. Tang, B. Beltran, S. Dittmeier, E. Woolsey, A. L. Hallin, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, A. Butcher, B. Shaw, R. Chouinard, C. Ohlmann, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, Darren Grant, Randall White, and K. S. Olsen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Optical fiber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), law.invention, DEAP, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Dark current
Abstract

The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.

Published
2017
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22. Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques

Author

Laurelle Maria Veloce, I. T. Lawson, P. Liimatainen, J. R. Klein, Y. Chen, B. Buck, K. Graham, S. Jaditz, T. Sonley, T. S. Caldwell, Natalia Guerrero, V. E. Guiseppe, Dongming Mei, D. Gastler, M. Bodmer, M. Kuźniak, B. T. Cleveland, T. Pollmann, J. Wang, F. Giuliani, G. D. Orebi Gann, E. O'Dwyer, C. M. Nantais, P. Amaudruz, Martin Ward, M. Akashi-Ronquest, A. Muir, C. Zhang, C. J. Jillings, Keith Rielage, James Nikkel, Andrew Hime, B. Beltran, C. Kachulis, J. Kelsey, R. W. Schnee, K. Dering, Jocelyn Monroe, C. Ouellet, S. MacMullin, A. Mastbaum, J. Walding, O. Li, A. B. McDonald, S. Linden, V. V. Golovko, P. Skensved, R. Mathew, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, B. Wang, Bei Cai, A. Butcher, A. Latorre, K. McFarlane, A. L. Hallin, P. Rau, B. Broerman, M. Gold, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, Daniel McKinsey, J. Hofgartner, Min Chen, K. S. Olsen, Reyco Henning, Joseph A. Formaggio, J. Lidgard, K. Palladino, P. Pasuthip, E. Kearns, E. Grace, P. J. Harvey, K. Nicolics, R. Gagnon, C. Hearns, Kevin J. Coakley, P. Gorel, M. Batygov, S. Seibert, T. Noble, G. Perumpilly, Mark Guy Boulay, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Buck, Benjamin R., Formaggio, Joseph A, Jaditz, Stephen Hunter, and Kelsey, James E

Subjects
Particle physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutrino detector, Scintillation counter, Deconvolution, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution, even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures

Published
2016

23. Constraints on nucleon decay via invisible modes from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

X. Chen, H. Wan Chan Tseung, H. Labranche, D. L. Wark, F. Dalnoki-Veress, A. D. Marino, B. C. Robertson, N. McCauley, R. L. Helmer, G. Doucas, R. Van Berg, R. G. H. Robertson, J. B. Wilhelmy, T. Kutter, M. G. Bowler, I. Levine, M. L. Chen, Monica Dunford, S. S.E. Rosendahl, Chris Waltham, C. J. Virtue, S. J. Brice, A. W. P. Poon, J. A. Dunmore, R. L. Hahn, R. W. Ollerhead, C. W. Nally, G. McGregor, P. Jagam, K.K.S. Miknaitis, J. M. Wouters, S. Majerus, P. Skensved, X. Dai, J. F. Wilkerson, R. G. Van de Water, Joshua R. Klein, N. Gagnon, Reda Tafirout, N. Starinsky, Darren Grant, Alain Bellerive, R. S. Dosanjh, R. Lange, Mark Neubauer, W. Frati, S. N. Ahmed, R. Hazama, E. D. Earle, E. Rollin, W. B. Handler, H. B. Mak, T. J. Bowles, Andrew Hime, J. R. Wilson, Guthrie Miller, M. W.E. Smith, F. A. Duncan, M. A. Howe, A. B. McDonald, Christopher C. M. Kyba, R. MacLellan, M. A. Thomson, J. Heise, S. D. Biller, J. R. Leslie, B. A. Moffat, Bernie G. Nickel, J. Boger, F. Fleurot, M. H. Schwendener, B. T. Cleveland, Malcolm M. Fowler, N. S. Oblath, A. E. Anthony, N. West, A. V. Krumins, C. A. Duba, S. Luoma, Joseph A. Formaggio, C. Ouellet, Minfang Yeh, C. E. Okada, P. J. Harvey, W. J. Heintzelman, S. R. Elliott, O. Simard, David A. Sinclair, G. T. Ewan, I. T. Lawson, G. Tešić, A. L. Hallin, C. Mifflin, S. J. M. Peeters, N. A. Jelley, M. Thorman, D. Waller, V. L. Rusu, J. C. Hall, J. Law, M. R. Dragowsky, G. A. Cox, K. T. Lesko, L. C. Stonehill, J. Farine, C. J. Sims, C. K. Hargrove, A. J. Noble, T. V. Bullard, R. J. Hemingway, Kai Zuber, H. Fergani, J. Maneira, M. Kos, A. S. Hamer, Hal Evans, E. W. Beier, S. McGee, R. G. Stokstad, B. L. Wall, Peter Wittich, Eric B. Norman, E. D. Hallman, P. J. Doe, Y. Takeuchi, J. J. Simpson, Yuen-Dat Chan, K. Graham, S. M. Oser, M.G. Boulay, B. G. Fulsom, K. Frame, K. M. Heeger, and John L. Orrell

Subjects
Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been used to constrain the lifetime for nucleon decay to ``invisible'' modes, such as n -> 3 nu. The analysis was based on a search for gamma-rays from the de-excitation of the residual nucleus that would result from the disappearance of either a proton or neutron from O16. A limit of tau_inv > 2 x 10^{29} years is obtained at 90% confidence for either neutron or proton decay modes. This is about an order of magnitude more stringent than previous constraints on invisible proton decay modes and 400 times more stringent than similar neutron modes., Update includes missing efficiency factor (limits change by factor of 2) Submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2016
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24. Flood events and flood risk assessment in relation to climate and land-use changes: Saint-François River, southern Québec, Canada

Author

Diane Saint-Laurent, C. Ouellet, and F. Normand

Subjects
Current (stream), Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, Land use, Flood risk assessment, Flooding (psychology), Spring (hydrology), Global warming, Context (language use), Water Science and Technology
Abstract

In the current context of climatic variability, it is important to quantify the impact on the environment. This study deals with an analysis of climatic data and land-use changes in terms of the impacts on flood recurrence based on multisource data. The study area covers the mouth of the Saint-Francois River (southern Quebec, Canada), where spring floods and ice jams are a recurring problem. The flood frequency analysis shows an increase in flooding over recent decades, attributable to an increase in winter temperatures that has the effect of causing ice jams earlier in the year. Regarding land-use changes, a small decrease in agricultural surface areas is observed, from 53% to 39%, along with increases in forest and urban surface areas from 27% to 38% (forest) and 3% to 5% (urban) between 1928 and 2005. In a context of continuing climate warming, more pronounced inter-annual variations are to be expected along with a higher incidence of flooding. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Citation Ouellet, C., Sain...

Published
2012
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25. List of contributors

Author

S. Ahmari, A. Allahverdi, M.M. Alonso, S. Baklouti, E. Balomenos, L. Barbieri, J. Barroso de Aguiar, Z. Baščarević, S.A. Bernal, M.V. Borrachero, T. Cao, A. Cevik, P. Chindaprasirt, M. Criado, M. Cyr, Y. Ding, A. Fernández-Jiménez, I. Garcia-Lodeiro, G. Habert, D. Hardjito, K.M.A. Hossain, E. Joussein, L. Kang, M. Komljenović, M. Lachemi, I. Lancellotti, C. Leonelli, L.C. Liu, K.J.D. MacKenzie, J. Monzó, E. Najafi Kani, A. Nazari, C. Ouellet-Plamondon, F. Pacheco-Torgal, A. Palomo, D. Panias, J. Payá, R. Pouhet, E. Prud’homme, F. Puertas, M. Romagnoli, S. Rossignol, K. Sakkas, J.G. Sanjayan, P. Sargent, W. Tahri, M.M. Tashima, M. Torres-Carrasco, S.E. Wallah, H. Wang, L. Zhang, Y.J. Zhang, and Z. Zhang

Published
2015
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26. Search for Majoron-emitting modes of double-beta decay ofXe136with EXO-200

Author

J. L. Vuilleumier, David A. Sinclair, W. Feldmeier, R. Gornea, M. Danilov, L. J. Kaufman, I. Ostrovskiy, J. Farine, D. J. Auty, Peter Fierlinger, X. S. Jiang, D. Tosi, V. Belov, V.N. Stekhanov, T. N. Johnson, C. G. Davis, Martin Breidenbach, R. Nelson, M. Tarka, Michael G. Marino, Douglas H Beck, S. Johnston, S. J. Daugherty, A.C. Odian, Y-R Yen, B. Mong, J. Davis, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, Giorgio Gratta, T. Daniels, C. Benitez-Medina, M. Coon, C. Chambers, Ryan Killick, Monica Dunford, A. Dolgolenko, David Leonard, B. T. Cleveland, M. J. Jewell, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, P. C. Rowson, A. Kuchenkov, K. Twelker, E. Beauchamp, G. Giroux, Yuehe Lin, R. DeVoe, R. Tsang, T. Walton, Petr Vogel, J. J. Russell, J. Chaves, S. Delaquis, A Rivas, K. S. Kumar, Marc Weber, A. Karelin, A. Schubert, U. Wichoski, C. Y. Prescott, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, R. MacLellan, A. S. Johnson, J. B. Albert, F. Leonard, A. Burenkov, T. Brunner, E. Smith, O. Ya. Zeldovich, S. Kravitz, M. P. Rozo, A. Piepke, K. Graham, Liang Yang, A. Pocar, C. Ouellet, M. J. Dolinski, A. Craycraft, C. Licciardi, P. S. Barbeau, J. Walton, D. Fudenberg, M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, David Moore, T. Didberidze, and T. Tolba

Subjects
Coupling constant, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Lower limit, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Single phase, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Majoron
Abstract

EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^(136)Xe. Here, we report on a search for various Majoron-emitting modes based on 100 kg yr exposure of ^(136)Xe. A lower limit of T^(136)Xe_(1/2) > 1.2 × 10^(24) yr at 90% C.L. on the half-life of the spectral index=1 Majoron decay was obtained, corresponding to a constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant of |⟨g^(M)_(ee)⟩| < (0.8–1.7) × 10^(−5).

Published
2014
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27. Improved measurement of the2νββhalf-life of136Xe with the EXO-200 detector

Author

J. L. Vuilleumier, K. Hall, Peter Fierlinger, R. DeVoe, M. Tarka, S. Kravitz, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, S. Johnston, R. MacLellan, W. Feldmeier, Petr Vogel, Y. B. Zhao, M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, Y.-R. Yen, S. Cook, V. Strickland, J. Wodin, M. J. Dolinski, G. Giroux, David Moore, K. Graham, M. Danilov, A Rivas, A. Piepke, O. Ya. Zeldovich, D. Tosi, J. Chaves, Liang Yang, Martin Auger, D. Fudenberg, D. J. Auty, D. Franco, J. Bonatt, David A. Sinclair, R. H. Nelson, M. P. Rozo, U. Wichoski, C. G. Davis, A. Dobi, V.N. Stekhanov, Ryan Killick, Marc Weber, C. K. Hargrove, K. O'Sullivan, Michael G. Marino, Martin Breidenbach, T. Daniels, S. J. Daugherty, B. Mong, J. J. Russell, C. Benitez-Medina, B. T. Cleveland, J. D. Wright, T. Tolba, J. Walton, A.C. Odian, K. S. Kumar, A. Kuchenkov, A. Dolgolenko, A. Pocar, M. Montero Díez, F. Leonard, C. Ouellet, J. Davis, Guofu Cao, C. Y. Prescott, A. Burenkov, A. Craycraft, P. S. Barbeau, Giorgio Gratta, L. J. Wen, D. Beck, I. Ostrovskiy, V. A. Belov, X. S. Jiang, T. Brunner, David Leonard, S. Slutsky, A. S. Johnson, W. M. Fairbank, A. Karelin, Monica Dunford, A. Sabourov, T. N. Johnson, K. Twelker, E. Beauchamp, L. J. Kaufman, J. B. Albert, T. Walton, J. Farine, C. Licciardi, R. Gornea, C. Chambers, P. C. Rowson, S. Delaquis, and K. Skarpaas

Subjects
Systematic error, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Half-life, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Nuclear physics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Homogeneous, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Fiducial marker
Abstract

We report on an improved measurement of the 2νββ half-life of ^(136)Xe performed by EXO-200. The use of a large and homogeneous time-projection chamber allows for the precise estimate of the fiducial mass used for the measurement, resulting in a small systematic uncertainty. We also discuss in detail the data-analysis methods used for double-β decay searches with EXO-200, while emphasizing those directly related to the present measurement. The ^(136)Xe 2νββ half-life is found to be T^(2νββ)_(1/2) = 2.165±0.016(stat)±0.059(sys)×10^(21) yr. This is the most precisely measured half-life of any 2νββ decay to date.

Published
2014
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28. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tolerance to morphine analgesia during infusion in rats

Author

Dainèle M. C. Ouellet and Gary M. Pollack

Subjects
Male, Agonist, Morphine, Intrinsic activity, medicine.drug_class, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Antagonist, Drug Tolerance, Pharmacology, Partial agonist, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Bolus (medicine), Reaction Time, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Analgesia, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Saline, IC50, medicine.drug
Abstract

A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model was constructed to describe the kinetics of tolerance development to morphine-induced antinociception. Tail-flick latencies in response to hot water (50 degrees C) were assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a 12-hr iv infusion of either morphine (1.4 to 3.0 mg/kg per hr) or saline. Morphine-induced antinociception, expressed as the percentage of maximum possible response (% MPR), peaked after 120 min of infusion and decreased thereafter despite sustained systemic morphine concentrations. Both the rate and extent of tolerance development increased with increasing concentrations; an overall residual effect of approximately 24% MPR was observed at the end of the infusion regardless of the steady-state morphine concentration. The kinetics of tolerance offset were examined in a separate experiment by assessing tail-flick latency 15 min after morphine iv bolus (2 mg/kg) in tolerant and control rats. Recovery of response neared completion 18.5 days after a 12-hr exposure to morphine (2.0 mg/kg per hr). A PK-PD model was constructed to account for the delay in onset of antinociceptive effect and tolerance development relative to the blood concentration-time profile. According to this model, both the extent and the rate of tolerance development were modulated by the kinetics of the drug in the central compartment. Accumulation of a hypothetical "inhibitor" acting either as a reverse agonist, a competitive or noncompetitive antagonist, or a partial agonist could potentially account for the loss of pharmacologic effect in the presence of an agonist. The rate of tolerance development predicted from the PK-PD model varied widely (28-fold) depending on the type of pharmacologic interaction selected to account for the loss of effect. Using the rate of tolerance offset to discriminate between the different models (t1/2 offset 5.4 days), onset and offset of tolerance was described accurately by postulating that the inhibitor behaves as a partial agonist with low intrinsic activity (5.5% MPR) and high binding affinity for the receptor (IC50 15.0 ng/ml).

Published
1995
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29. Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector

Author

I. T. Lawson, T. McElroy, R. Chouinard, P. Amaudruz, V. V. Golovko, M. Gold, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, T. Sonley, P. Skensved, E. O'Dwyer, M. Kuźniak, P. Liimatainen, K. Boudjemline, Martin Ward, O. Li, J. Tang, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Daniel McKinsey, R. Gagnon, T. S. Caldwell, C. Ouellet, A. Muir, P. Pasuthip, B. T. Cleveland, M. Ronquest, A. B. McDonald, K. Graham, J. Lidgard, C. J. Jillings, R. Hakobyan, F. Giuliani, R. Mathew, Darren Grant, M. Batygov, C. Hearns, B. Beltran, P. Gorel, C. Nantais, R. J. Ford, T. Noble, K. Dering, W. H. Lippincott, Mark Guy Boulay, A. L. Hallin, M. L. Chen, W. Rau, James Nikkel, K. S. Olsen, K. W. McFarlane, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, Bei Cai, T. Pollmann, P. J. Harvey, K. Nicolics, and D. Contreras

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, Scintillator, Measure (mathematics), DEAP, Optics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Event reconstruction, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Pulse (physics), chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The DEAP-1 \SI{7}{kg} single phase liquid argon scintillation detector was operated underground at SNOLAB in order to test the techniques and measure the backgrounds inherent to single phase detection, in support of the \mbox{DEAP-3600} Dark Matter detector. Backgrounds in DEAP are controlled through material selection, construction techniques, pulse shape discrimination and event reconstruction. This report details the analysis of background events observed in three iterations of the DEAP-1 detector, and the measures taken to reduce them. The $^{222}$Rn decay rate in the liquid argon was measured to be between 16 and \SI{26}{\micro\becquerel\per\kilogram}. We found that the background spectrum near the region of interest for Dark Matter detection in the DEAP-1 detector can be described considering events from three sources: radon daughters decaying on the surface of the active volume, the expected rate of electromagnetic events misidentified as nuclear recoils due to inefficiencies in the pulse shape discrimination, and leakage of events from outside the fiducial volume due to imperfect position reconstruction. These backgrounds statistically account for all observed events, and they will be strongly reduced in the DEAP-3600 detector due to its higher light yield and simpler geometry.

Published
2012

30. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay inXe136with EXO-200

Author

M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, A. R. Müller, D. Tosi, R. Gornea, T. Brunner, Monica Dunford, P. C. Rowson, A. Sabourov, C. Benitez-Medina, E. Beauchamp, A. Pocar, C. Ouellet, S. Delaquis, T. Walton, W. Feldmeier, F. Leonard, A. Burenkov, K. Graham, J. Farine, V. Belov, G. Giroux, P. S. Barbeau, C. K. Hargrove, Martin Auger, K. Hall, R. DeVoe, Petr Vogel, T. N. Johnson, Y.-R. Yen, V.N. Stekhanov, Marc Weber, I. Ostrovskiy, A. Piepke, D. J. Auty, K. O'Sullivan, S. Slutsky, K. Pushkin, O. Ya. Zeldovich, U. Wichoski, J. L. Vuilleumier, M. Montero Díez, R. MacLellan, A.C. Odian, Liang Yang, R. Neilson, D. Mackay, Peter Fierlinger, D. Franco, Michael G. Marino, A. S. Johnson, A. Kuchenkov, J. Wodin, B. Cleveland, M. J. Dolinski, C. G. Davis, Martin Breidenbach, T. Daniels, C. Y. Prescott, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, A. Dolgolenko, L. J. Kaufman, A. Karelin, R. Nelson, A. Dobi, J. J. Russell, K. S. Kumar, B. Mong, M. Danilov, Giorgio Gratta, David A. Sinclair, K. Twelker, T. Tolba, S. Cook, J. D. Wright, David Leonard, and W. M. Fairbank

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Beta decay, Lower limit, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Several properties of neutrinos, such as their absolute mass, their possible Majorana nature or the mechanisms that lead to small neutrino masses, are still unknown. The EXO-200 experiment is trying to answer some of these questions by searching for the hypothetical neutrinoless double beta decay of the isotope 136 Xe. This thesis describes an analysis of two years of detector data, which yields a lower limit on the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe of 1.1·10 25 years.

Published
2012
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31. Observation of Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay inXe136with the EXO-200 Detector

Author

C. Y. Prescott, A Rivas, R. Conley, A. R. Müller, D. Tosi, D. J. Auty, D. Franco, J. Wodin, Peter Fierlinger, C. Hagemann, Michael G. Marino, A. Dobi, B. T. Cleveland, P. S. Barbeau, E. Beauchamp, A. S. Johnson, A. Kuchenkov, B. Mong, J. J. Russell, G. Giroux, K. S. Kumar, T. Walton, David Leonard, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, M. Swift, P. Morgan, M. J. Dolinski, M. Danilov, C. K. Hargrove, J. Farine, Z. Djurcic, V. Belov, K. Barry, J. Davis, V. Strickland, Giorgio Gratta, J. Cook, Marc Weber, U. Wichoski, R. DeVoe, Petr Vogel, Y.-R. Yen, L. Bartoszek, A. Coppens, E. Conti, R. MacLellan, B. Aharmim, K. Pushkin, I. Counts, S. Cook, J.-L. Vuilleumier, V.N. Stekhanov, K. Twelker, K. Wamba, Liang Yang, G. Haller, Monica Dunford, C. G. Davis, A. Sabourov, Martin Breidenbach, K. Hall, J. D. Wright, K. Donato, D. Mackay, David A. Sinclair, L. J. Kaufman, E. Rollin, F. Leonard, J. Hodgson, K. Skarpaas, O. Ya. Zeldovich, A. Burenkov, M. Auger, W. W. Craddock, A. Pocar, C. Ouellet, K. Graham, K. O'Sullivan, D. R. Freytag, Y. Martin, S. Waldman, A. Karelin, R. Nelson, J. M. Vuilleumier, M. Montero Díez, F. LePort, M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, Nicole Ackerman, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, R. Herbst, A. Dolgolenko, S. Slutsky, Amit Kumar, M. P. Green, C. Benitez-Medina, T. Daniels, A. Piepke, A.C. Odian, R. Neilson, P. C. Rowson, and R. Gornea

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Isotopes of xenon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Radioactive decay, Lepton
Abstract

We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in ^(136)Xe with T_(1/2)=2.11±0.04(stat)±0.21(syst)×10^(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for ^(136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.

Published
2011
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32. Observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in 136Xe with the EXO-200 detector

Author

N, Ackerman, B, Aharmim, M, Auger, D J, Auty, P S, Barbeau, K, Barry, L, Bartoszek, E, Beauchamp, V, Belov, C, Benitez-Medina, M, Breidenbach, A, Burenkov, B, Cleveland, R, Conley, E, Conti, J, Cook, S, Cook, A, Coppens, I, Counts, W, Craddock, T, Daniels, M V, Danilov, C G, Davis, J, Davis, R, deVoe, Z, Djurcic, A, Dobi, A G, Dolgolenko, M J, Dolinski, K, Donato, M, Dunford, W, Fairbank, J, Farine, P, Fierlinger, D, Franco, D, Freytag, G, Giroux, R, Gornea, K, Graham, G, Gratta, M P, Green, C, Hägemann, C, Hall, K, Hall, G, Haller, C, Hargrove, R, Herbst, S, Herrin, J, Hodgson, M, Hughes, A, Johnson, A, Karelin, L J, Kaufman, T, Koffas, A, Kuchenkov, A, Kumar, K S, Kumar, D S, Leonard, F, Leonard, F, LePort, D, Mackay, R, MacLellan, M, Marino, Y, Martin, B, Mong, M Montero, Díez, P, Morgan, A R, Müller, R, Neilson, R, Nelson, A, Odian, K, O'Sullivan, C, Ouellet, A, Piepke, A, Pocar, C Y, Prescott, K, Pushkin, A, Rivas, E, Rollin, P C, Rowson, J J, Russell, A, Sabourov, D, Sinclair, K, Skarpaas, S, Slutsky, V, Stekhanov, V, Strickland, M, Swift, D, Tosi, K, Twelker, P, Vogel, J-L, Vuilleumier, J-M, Vuilleumier, A, Waite, S, Waldman, T, Walton, K, Wamba, M, Weber, U, Wichoski, J, Wodin, J D, Wright, L, Yang, Y-R, Yen, and O Ya, Zeldovich

Abstract

We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in (136)Xe with T(1/2) = 2.11 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.21(syst) × 10(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for (136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.

Published
2011

34. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

Author

Laurelle Maria Veloce, M. Gold, P. Giampa, J. Walding, R. H. Hakobyan, A. J. Noble, Mark Guy Boulay, M. Batygov, B. Broerman, R. Gagnon, S. J. M. Peeters, W. H. Lippincott, T. McElroy, C. Nantais, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, A. Butcher, F. La Zia, K. W. McFarlane, R. Mathew, P. Liimatainen, R. Mehdiyev, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Skensved, C. J. Jillings, O. Li, J. Tang, J. Lidgard, K. Boudjemline, J. Bonatt, V. V. Golovko, A. Muir, B. Beltran, F. Giuliani, C. Hearns, P. Gorel, T. Sonley, W. Rau, K. Dering, E. Grace, M. Ronquest, M. Kuźniak, P. J. Harvey, K. Nicolics, A. L. Hallin, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. O'Dwyer, T. S. Caldwell, B. T. Cleveland, K. S. Olsen, James Nikkel, T. Pollmann, A. B. McDonald, J. F. Bueno, R. Chouinard, P. Amaudruz, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, J. Hofgartner, Min Chen, P. Pasuthip, Darren Grant, M. Hamstra, Daniel McKinsey, D. Cranshaw, I. Lawson, Jocelyn Monroe, Martin Ward, N. Seeburn, C. Ouellet, and K. Graham

Subjects
Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, DEAP, Nuclear physics, Recoil, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation counter, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC
Abstract

The DEAP-1 low-background liquid argon detector was used to measure scintillation pulse shapes of electron and nuclear recoil events and to demonstrate the feasibility of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) down to an electron-equivalent energy of 20 keV. In the surface dataset using a triple-coincidence tag we found the fraction of beta events that are misidentified as nuclear recoils to be $, Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2009

35. A generative co-design framework for healthcare innovation: development and application of an end-user engagement framework

Author

M. Bird, M. McGillion, E. M. Chambers, J. Dix, C. J. Fajardo, M. Gilmour, K. Levesque, A. Lim, S. Mierdel, C. Ouellette, A. N. Polanski, S. V. Reaume, C. Whitmore, and N. Carter

Subjects
End-user engagement, Healthcare innovation, Co-design, Patient and public involvement, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Plain English summary Background Continual improvements to health systems, products, and services are necessary for improvements in health. However, many of these improvements are not incorporated into everyday practice. When designing new health systems, products, and services, involving members of the healthcare community and the public with personal healthcare experience can help to make sure that improvements will be useful and relevant to others like them. Methods Together with healthcare workers and family members with healthcare experience, we developed and applied a step-by-step guide to involving those with personal experience in the design of health system improvements. Results Our guide has three phases— ‘Pre-Design’, ‘Co-Design’, and ‘Post-Design’. This paper describes each of these phases and illustrates how we applied them to our own project, which is to use virtual healthcare methods to improve care for children with chronic healthcare conditions and their families. In our own work, we found that healthcare workers and family members with personal healthcare experiences were able to use their knowledge and creativity to help us imagine how to improve care for children with chronic healthcare conditions and their families. We have created action items from these family member- and healthcare worker-identified needs, which we will use to shape our virtual healthcare system. Conclusions This paper may be useful for those seeking to involve members of the healthcare community and the public in the creation of better healthcare systems, products, and services. Abstract Background Challenges with the adoption, scale, and spread of health innovations represent significant gaps in the evidence-to-practice cycle. In the health innovation design process, a lack of attention paid to the needs of end-users, and subsequent tailoring of innovations to meet these needs, is a possible reason for this deficit. In the creative field of health innovation, which includes the design of healthcare products, systems (governance and organization mechanisms), and services (delivery mechanisms), a framework for both soliciting the needs of end-users and translating these needs into the design of health innovations is needed. Methods To address this gap, our team developed and applied a seven-step methodological framework, called A Generative Co-Design Framework for Healthcare Innovation. This framework was developed by an interdisciplinary team that included patient partners. Results This manuscript contributes a framework and applied exemplar for those seeking to engage end-users in the creative process of healthcare innovation. Through the stages of ‘Pre-Design’, ‘Co-Design’, and ‘Post-Design’, we were able to harness the creative insights of end-users, drawing on their experiences to shape a future state of care. Using an expository example of our own work, the DigiComp Kids project, we illustrate the application of each stage of the Framework. Conclusions A Generative Co-Design Framework for Healthcare Innovation provides healthcare innovators, applied health science researchers, clinicians, and quality improvement specialists with a guide to eliciting and incorporating the viewpoints of end-users while distilling practical considerations for healthcare innovation and design.

Published
2021
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36. Electron energy spectra, fluxes, and day-night asymmetries of8B solar neutrinos from measurements with NaCl dissolved in the heavy-water detector at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

B. Aharmim, S. N. Ahmed, A. E. Anthony, E. W. Beier, A. Bellerive, M. Bergevin, S. D. Biller, J. Boger, M. G. Boulay, M. G. Bowler, T. V. Bullard, Y. D. Chan, M. Chen, X. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, G. A. Cox, C. A. Currat, X. Dai, F. Dalnoki-Veress, H. Deng, P. J. Doe, R. S. Dosanjh, G. Doucas, C. A. Duba, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, J. A. Dunmore, E. D. Earle, S. R. Elliott, H. C. Evans, G. T. Ewan, J. Farine, H. Fergani, F. Fleurot, J. A. Formaggio, K. Frame, W. Frati, B. G. Fulsom, N. Gagnon, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, R. L. Hahn, J. C. Hall, A. L. Hallin, E. D. Hallman, W. B. Handler, C. K. Hargrove, P. J. Harvey, R. Hazama, K. M. Heeger, L. Heelan, W. J. Heintzelman, J. Heise, R. L. Helmer, R. J. Hemingway, A. Hime, C. Howard, M. A. Howe, M. Huang, P. Jagam, N. A. Jelley, J. R. Klein, L. L. Kormos, M. S. Kos, A. Krüger, C. Kraus, C. B. Krauss, A. V. Krumins, T. Kutter, C. C. M. Kyba, H. Labranche, R. Lange, J. Law, I. T. Lawson, K. T. Lesko, J. R. Leslie, I. Levine, J. C. Loach, S. Luoma, R. MacLellan, S. Majerus, H. B. Mak, J. Maneira, A. D. Marino, N. McCauley, A. B. McDonald, S. McGee, G. McGregor, C. Mifflin, K. K. S. Miknaitis, B. A. Moffat, C. W. Nally, M. S. Neubauer, B. G. Nickel, A. J. Noble, E. B. Norman, N. S. Oblath, C. E. Okada, R. W. Ollerhead, J. L. Orrell, S. M. Oser, C. Ouellet, S. J. M. Peeters, A. W. P. Poon, K. Rielage, B. C. Robertson, R. G. H. Robertson, E. Rollin, S. S. E. Rosendahl, V. L. Rusu, M. H. Schwendener, S. R. Seibert, O. Simard, J. J. Simpson, C. J. Sims, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, M. W. E. Smith, N. Starinsky, R. G. Stokstad, L. C. Stonehill, R. Tafirout, Y. Takeuchi, G. Tešić, M. Thomson, M. Thorman, T. Tsui, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, C. J. Virtue, B. L. Wall, D. Waller, C. E. Waltham, H. Wan Chan Tseung, D. L. Wark, J. Wendland, N. West, J. F. Wilkerson, J. R. Wilson, P. Wittich, J. M. Wouters, A. Wright, M. Yeh, and K. Zuber

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Solar neutrino, Isotopes of boron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Lepton
Abstract

Results are reported from the complete salt phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment in which NaCl was dissolved in the {sup 2}H{sub 2}O (''D{sub 2}O'') target. The addition of salt enhanced the signal from neutron capture as compared to the pure D{sub 2}O detector. By making a statistical separation of charged-current events from other types based on event-isotropy criteria, the effective electron recoil energy spectrum has been extracted. In units of 10{sup 6}cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}, the total flux of active-flavor neutrinos from {sup 8}B decay in the Sun is found to be 4.94{sub -0.21}{sup +0.21}(stat){sub -0.34}{sup +0.38}(syst) and the integral flux of electron neutrinos for an undistorted {sup 8}B spectrum is 1.68{sub -0.06}{sup +0.06}(stat){sub -0.09}{sup +0.08}(syst); the signal from ({nu}{sub x},e) elastic scattering is equivalent to an electron-neutrino flux of 2.35{sub -0.22}{sup +0.22}(stat){sub -0.15}{sup +0.15}(syst). These results are consistent with those expected for neutrino oscillations with the so-called large mixing angle parameters and also with an undistorted spectrum. A search for matter-enhancement effects in the Earth through a possible day-night asymmetry in the charged-current integral rate is consistent with no asymmetry. Including results from other experiments, the best-fit values for two-neutrino mixing parameters are {delta}m{sup 2}=(8.0{sub -0.4}{sup +0.6})x10{sup -5}more » eV{sup 2} and {theta}=33.9{sub -2.2}{sup +2.4} degrees.« less

Published
2005
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37. Electron antineutrino search at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

S. M. Oser, S. J. M. Peeters, R. W. Ollerhead, V. L. Rusu, B. A. Moffat, Xiaobo Chen, M.G. Boulay, R. L. Helmer, J. A. Dunmore, K.K.S. Miknaitis, Monica Dunford, A. W. P. Poon, S. D. Biller, J. Boger, C. E. Okada, G. Doucas, David A. Sinclair, T. V. Bullard, P. Skensved, J. F. Wilkerson, L. C. Stonehill, N. McCauley, A. L. Hallin, C. Mifflin, Reda Tafirout, R. Van Berg, Darren Grant, P. J. Harvey, S. J. Brice, B. G. Fulsom, C. B. Krauss, N. S. Oblath, M. L. Chen, M. A. Howe, E. D. Hallman, H. Fergani, S. N. Ahmed, G. McGregor, S. S.E. Rosendahl, M. A. Thomson, J. Heise, M. R. Dragowsky, T. J. Bowles, P. J. Doe, R. G. Stokstad, C. K. Hargrove, F. Fleurot, S. Luoma, Malcolm M. Fowler, X. Dai, G. Tešić, I. Levine, S. Majerus, Keith Rielage, A. B. McDonald, Christopher C. M. Kyba, P. Jagam, C. J. Virtue, Joshua R. Klein, R. Lange, Mark Neubauer, B. G. Nickel, A. Krüger, R. G. Van de Water, N. Starinsky, Hal Evans, W. Frati, D. Waller, H. B. Mak, M. S. Kos, A. S. Hamer, W. B. Handler, R. MacLellan, R. L. Hahn, Guthrie Miller, Y. Takeuchi, O. Simard, E. D. Earle, Peter Wittich, B. Aharmim, M. W.E. Smith, F. A. Duncan, S. McGee, B. L. Wall, T. Tsui, J. M. Wouters, J. J. Simpson, C. Ouellet, Eric B. Norman, J. R. Leslie, C. A. Duba, B. C. Robertson, B. T. Cleveland, I. T. Lawson, L. L. Kormos, S. R. Elliott, J. B. Wilhelmy, T. Kutter, G. T. Ewan, G. A. Cox, R. J. Hemingway, N. Gagnon, R. Hazama, C. W. Nally, E. W. Beier, R. S. Dosanjh, E. Rollin, N. West, A. V. Krumins, W. J. Heintzelman, K. T. Lesko, H. Wan Chan Tseung, J. Maneira, H. Labranche, Alain Bellerive, D. L. Wark, Chris Waltham, F. Dalnoki-Veress, A. D. Marino, R. G. H. Robertson, Joseph A. Formaggio, J. Farine, Minfang Yeh, A. J. Noble, J. R. Wilson, N. A. Jelley, Andrew Hime, M. H. Schwendener, J. Law, C. J. Sims, John L. Orrell, Kai Zuber, K. Frame, K. M. Heeger, Yuen-Dat Chan, and K. Graham

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Lepton, Bar (unit)
Abstract

Upper limits on the \nuebar flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been set based on the \nuebar charged-current reaction on deuterium. The reaction produces a positron and two neutrons in coincidence. This distinctive signature allows a search with very low background for \nuebar's from the Sun and other potential sources. Both differential and integral limits on the \nuebar flux have been placed in the energy range from 4 -- 14.8 MeV. For an energy-independent ��_e --> \nuebar conversion mechanism, the integral limit on the flux of solar \nuebar's in the energy range from 4 -- 14.8 MeV is found to be ��_\nuebar, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2004

38. Measurement of the Total ActiveB8Solar Neutrino Flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with Enhanced Neutral Current Sensitivity

Author

R. L. Helmer, P. J. Doe, R. L. Hahn, Monica Dunford, A. W. P. Poon, R. MacLellan, S. R. Elliott, R. W. Ollerhead, E. D. Hallman, G. T. Ewan, J. Maneira, I. T. Lawson, W. B. Handler, Y. Takeuchi, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Boger, J. J. Simpson, D. Waller, Reda Tafirout, Darren Grant, Christopher C. M. Kyba, Yuen-Dat Chan, B. L. Wall, C. K. Hargrove, P. Skensved, C. E. Okada, David A. Sinclair, G. A. Cox, Eric B. Norman, F. A. Duncan, R. S. Dosanjh, B. A. Moffat, K. Graham, E. Rollin, J. R. Leslie, M. W.E. Smith, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Wouters, R. G. Stokstad, Chris Waltham, M. A. Howe, Malcolm M. Fowler, C. Ouellet, S. M. Oser, H. Fergani, Guthrie Miller, J. A. Dunmore, J. Farine, A. J. Noble, X. Chen, X. Dai, G. Tešić, N. West, A. V. Krumins, R. Lange, S. J. M. Peeters, V. L. Rusu, K.K.S. Miknaitis, W. J. Heintzelman, M.G. Boulay, S. J. Brice, A. S. Hamer, K. T. Lesko, G. McGregor, A. L. Hallin, J. R. Wilson, C. Mifflin, T. V. Bullard, R. J. Hemingway, S. McGee, M. Kos, E. D. Earle, S. D. Biller, Bernie G. Nickel, H. Wan Chan Tseung, I. Levine, N. S. Oblath, E. W. Beier, C. A. Duba, H. Labranche, A. B. McDonald, D. L. Wark, M. R. Dragowsky, F. Dalnoki-Veress, M. H. Schwendener, M. G. Bowler, A. D. Marino, B. G. Fulsom, J. C. Hall, J. Law, R. G. H. Robertson, C. J. Sims, Kai Zuber, C. W. Nally, Andrew Hime, B. C. Robertson, G. Doucas, J. B. Wilhelmy, T. Kutter, C. J. Virtue, N. Gagnon, John L. Orrell, L. C. Stonehill, S. N. Ahmed, R. Hazama, T. J. Bowles, Joseph A. Formaggio, N. McCauley, Minfang Yeh, N. A. Jelley, M. Thorman, R. Van Berg, O. Simard, Hal Evans, K. Frame, Alain Bellerive, K. M. Heeger, M. L. Chen, M. A. Thomson, J. Heise, F. Fleurot, A. E. Anthony, S. Luoma, P. Jagam, Joshua R. Klein, R. G. Van de Water, N. Starinsky, H. B. Mak, S. S.E. Rosendahl, P. J. Harvey, and S. Majerus

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Lepton
Abstract

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has precisely determined the total active (nu(x)) B-8 solar neutrino flux without assumptions about the energy dependence of the nu(e) survival probability. The measurements were made with dissolved NaCl in heavy water to enhance the sensitivity and signature for neutral-current interactions. The flux is found to be 5.21+/-0.27(stat)+/-0.38(syst)x10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of these and other solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam(2)=7.1(-0.6)(+1.2)x10(-5) eV(2) and theta= 32.5(-2.3)(+2.4) degrees. Maximal mixing is rejected at the equivalent of 5.4 standard deviations.

Published
2004
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39. Measurement of the total active 8B solar neutrino flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with enhanced neutral current sensitivity

Author

S N, Ahmed, A E, Anthony, E W, Beier, A, Bellerive, S D, Biller, J, Boger, M G, Boulay, M G, Bowler, T J, Bowles, S J, Brice, T V, Bullard, Y D, Chan, M, Chen, X, Chen, B T, Cleveland, G A, Cox, X, Dai, F, Dalnoki-Veress, P J, Doe, R S, Dosanjh, G, Doucas, M R, Dragowsky, C A, Duba, F A, Duncan, M, Dunford, J A, Dunmore, E D, Earle, S R, Elliott, H C, Evans, G T, Ewan, J, Farine, H, Fergani, F, Fleurot, J A, Formaggio, M M, Fowler, K, Frame, B G, Fulsom, N, Gagnon, K, Graham, D R, Grant, R L, Hahn, J C, Hall, A L, Hallin, E D, Hallman, A S, Hamer, W B, Handler, C K, Hargrove, P J, Harvey, R, Hazama, K M, Heeger, W J, Heintzelman, J, Heise, R L, Helmer, R J, Hemingway, A, Hime, M A, Howe, P, Jagam, N A, Jelley, J R, Klein, M S, Kos, A V, Krumins, T, Kutter, C C M, Kyba, H, Labranche, R, Lange, J, Law, I T, Lawson, K T, Lesko, J R, Leslie, I, Levine, S, Luoma, R, MacLellan, S, Majerus, H B, Mak, J, Maneira, A D, Marino, N, McCauley, A B, McDonald, S, McGee, G, McGregor, C, Mifflin, K K S, Miknaitis, G G, Miller, B A, Moffat, C W, Nally, B G, Nickel, A J, Noble, E B, Norman, N S, Oblath, C E, Okada, R W, Ollerhead, J L, Orrell, S M, Oser, C, Ouellet, S J M, Peeters, A W P, Poon, B C, Robertson, R G H, Robertson, E, Rollin, S S E, Rosendahl, V L, Rusu, M H, Schwendener, O, Simard, J J, Simpson, C J, Sims, D, Sinclair, P, Skensved, M W E, Smith, N, Starinsky, R G, Stokstad, L C, Stonehill, R, Tafirout, Y, Takeuchi, G, Tesić, M, Thomson, M, Thorman, R, Van Berg, R G, Van de Water, C J, Virtue, B L, Wall, D, Waller, C E, Waltham, H Wan Chan, Tseung, D L, Wark, N, West, J B, Wilhelmy, J F, Wilkerson, J R, Wilson, J M, Wouters, M, Yeh, and K, Zuber

Abstract

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has precisely determined the total active (nu(x)) 8B solar neutrino flux without assumptions about the energy dependence of the nu(e) survival probability. The measurements were made with dissolved NaCl in heavy water to enhance the sensitivity and signature for neutral-current interactions. The flux is found to be 5.21 +/- 0.27(stat)+/-0.38(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of these and other solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam(2)=7.1(+1.2)(-0.6) x 10(-5) eV(2) and theta=32.5(+2.4)(-2.3) degrees. Maximal mixing is rejected at the equivalent of 5.4 standard deviations.

Published
2004

40. Productivity of lexical categories in French-speaking children with cochlear implants

Author

Henri Cohen, C Ouellet, and M.-T Le Normand

Subjects
Male, Vocabulary, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Verb, Deafness, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Speech Production Measurement, Noun, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Verbal fluency test, Humans, Speech, Child, media_common, Language, CHILDES, Linguistics, Part of speech, Cochlear Implantation, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Child, Preschool, Infinitive, Female, Psychology, Productivity (linguistics)
Abstract

The productivity of lexical categories was studied longitudinally in a sample of 17 young hearing-impaired French-speaking children with cochlear implants. Age of implantation ranged from 22 months to 76 months. Spontaneous speech samples were collected at six-month intervals over a period of 36 months, starting at the one-word stage. Four general measures of their linguistic production (number of utterances, verbal fluency, vocabulary, and grammatical production) as well as 36 specific lexical categories, according to the CHILDES codes, were computed in terms of tokens, i.e., total number of words. Cochlear-implanted children (CI) were compared to a French database of normally hearing children aged 2–4 compiled by the first author. Follow-up results indicate that, at the two-year post-implantation follow-up, noun, and verb morphology was significantly impaired. At the three-year follow-up, the cochlear-implanted group had recovered on adjectives, determiners and nouns, main verbs, and auxiliaries. The two groups differed significantly in processing locative adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, and verbs (infinitive verb, modal, and modal lexical), but individual variability within the cochlear-implanted group was substantial. Results are discussed in terms of recovery and developmental trends and variability in the acquisition of lexical categories by French children two years and three years post-implantation.

Published
2003

41. An apparatus to manipulate and identify individual Ba ions from bulk liquid Xe

Author

J. L. Vuilleumier, W. Feldmeier, T. N. Johnson, V.N. Stekhanov, M. Dunford, J. Farine, R. Gornea, R. Krücken, P. S. Barbeau, D. Tosi, L. J. Kaufman, Lorenzo Fabris, Douglas H Beck, Liang Yang, D. J. Auty, R. DeVoe, C. Ouellet, D. Fudenberg, T. Daniels, A. Pocar, C. Benitez-Medina, C. G. Davis, Martin Breidenbach, A. Karelin, David Leonard, T. Brunner, E. Smith, Justin Albert, S. J. Daugherty, C. Chambers, P. C. Rowson, J. Walton, S. Johnston, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, M. Montero Díez, Marc Weber, S. Delaquis, M. Coon, A. Schubert, T. Walton, F. Leonard, M. Hughes, Yuehe Lin, R. Killick, F. Retière, A. Piepke, M. P. Rozo, C. Licciardi, David Moore, K. S. Kumar, T. Didberidze, Xiaoshan Jiang, M. Heffner, G. Giroux, S. Kravitz, U. Wichoski, R. MacLellan, T. Tolba, I. Ostrovskiy, M. Tarka, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, Jens Dilling, A. Odian, B. T. Cleveland, A. Kuchenkov, K. Graham, M. J. Dolinski, Y. B. Zhao, Y.-R. Yen, Michael G. Marino, P. Fierlinger, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, A. Craycraft, K. Twelker, David A. Sinclair, B. Mong, and Giorgio Gratta

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Mass spectrometry, Ion, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, Decay product, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Radioactive decay
Abstract

We describe a system to transport and identify barium ions produced in liquid xenon, as part of R&D towards the second phase of a double beta decay experiment, nEXO. The goal is to identify the Ba ion resulting from an extremely rare nuclear decay of the isotope $^{136}$Xe, hence providing a confirmation of the occurrence of the decay. This is achieved through Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS). In the test setup described here, Ba ions can be produced in liquid xenon or vacuum and collected on a clean substrate. This substrate is then removed to an analysis chamber under vacuum, where laser-induced thermal desorption and RIS are used with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy for positive identification of the barium decay product., 12 pages, 13 figures

Published
2014
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42. Novel mimics of sialyl Lewis X: design, synthesis and biological activity of a series of 2- and 3-malonate substituted galactoconjugates

Author

A, Marinier, A, Martel, C, Bachand, S, Plamondon, B, Turmel, J P, Daris, J, Banville, P, Lapointe, C, Ouellet, P, Dextraze, M, Menard, J J, Wright, J, Alford, D, Lee, P, Stanley, X, Nair, G, Todderud, and K M, Tramposch

Subjects
Binding Sites, Lysine, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Molecular Mimicry, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Oligosaccharides, HL-60 Cells, Malonates, Rats, Inhibitory Concentration 50, P-Selectin, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, Arthus Reaction, Animals, Humans, Sialyl Lewis X Antigen, Glycoconjugates
Abstract

A series of potent inhibitors of P-selectin as potential anti-inflammatory agents is reported. These compounds are derivatives of galactocerebrosides bearing a malonate side chain in positions 2 and 3 of the galactose moiety. Based on the binding mode of sialyl Lewis X, the two acidic groups of the malonate are designed to form ionic interactions with two important lysines in the active site of P-selectin, Lys113 and Lys111. On the other hand, the 4- and 6-hydroxy groups on the galactose ring are arranged to chelate the calcium ion in the P-selectin active site. The synthesis and the biological activity of this series of compounds are described. Lead compounds having a greater potency than sialyl Lewis X are identified.

Published
2001

43. Asynchronous language acquisition in developmental dysphasia

Author

C, Ouellet, H, Cohen, M T, Le Normand, and C, Braun

Subjects
Male, Phonetics, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Female, Language Development Disorders, Verbal Learning, Vocabulary, Child Language, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

A longitudinal study was conducted to document and compare evolution of children with linguistic acquisition impairment. To determine whether development of the analytic mechanisms underlying linguistic processing occured in similar fashion, two children with mixed developmental dysphasia were assessed from 4 to 5:6 years of age with psycholinguistic tests at 6-months interval. Spontaneous speech and language production (consonant repertory in initial word position, MLU, and lexical diversity) were investigated in a standardized symbolic play context. The phonologic and lexico-morphologic evolution analyses revealed a marked improvement in motor control of phonology and in the application of morphosyntaxic rules in child 1, whereas child 2 was still impaired in phonology and morphosyntax. The singular developmental changes in spontaneous speech results indicate dynamic relationships between various language production facets and variability in the kind of deficit and lexical automation presented by these children. These contrasts in the evolution of language production profiles between child 1 and child 2 also underline the importance of longitudinal studies in the analysis of the atypical linguistic processing paths used by children with developmental dysphasia.

Published
2000

44. The Effect of Inadequate Facilities on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Rates in Vascular Surgery Patients

Author

Virginia Roth, C. Ouellet, Natalie Bruce, J. Shymanski, and Kathryn N. Suh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Vascular surgery, medicine.disease_cause, business, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Microbiology
Published
2007
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45. Echogenic dilated bowel loops before 21 weeks' gestation: a new entity

Author

Andrée Grignon, Luc L. Oligny, Josée Dubois, M Potier, Laurent Garel, and M C Ouellet

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Gestational Age, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Quadrant (abdomen), Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Retrospective Studies, Fetus, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gastroschisis, Meconium peritonitis, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Surgery, Intestines, Fetal Diseases, embryonic structures, Amniocentesis, Gestation, Female, business, Imperforate anus, Intestinal Obstruction, Dilatation, Pathologic
Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome at birth for fetuses in which echogenic dilated bowel loops (EDBL) are detected before 21 weeks of gestation. Materials and methods A retrospective study was undertaken of 45 patients with EDBL. Sonographic criteria included dilated bowel with an echogenic wall. EDBL was divided into two categories: the isolated and the complex (associated with other abnormalities). When the EDBL affected only one quadrant of the fetal abdomen, it was referred to as the local form, and when it was observed in more than one quadrant, it was termed the diffuse form. Results Intestinal dilatation of 2-8 mm was revealed on sonography in 21 fetuses with the isolated form of EDBL. Follow-up sonography showed resolution of EDBL in 20 cases. The outcome at birth was normal in 19 (90%) cases. The 20th fetus was born with jejunal atresia, and the remaining fetus died after cordocentesis. Twenty-four fetuses with the complex form of EDBL also had intestinal dilatation of 2-8 mm shown on sonography. Nine (38%) of these fetuses were born alive: six had gastroschisis; two had meconium peritonitis; and one had vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia (VATER). In these cases, resolution of EDBL was noticed at sonographic follow-up. Fourteen (58%) of the 24 fetuses were aborted. The remaining fetus died after amniocentesis. The incidence of normalcy is comparable in both local and diffuse dilatation. Amniocentesis was performed in 15 cases. Disaccharidase activity was measured in 13 patients. Low disaccharidase activity was detected in 10 (77%) of 13 cases. We saw cystic fibrosis in none of the 45 fetuses. Infection was detected before and at birth in five (11%) cases. Conclusion EDBL is a new entity that is most likely related to temporary obstruction. A fetus with the isolated form has a good prognosis, whereas a fetus with the complex form has an outcome directly related to the severity of associated abnormalities.

Published
1997

47. Roles of movement and temporal factors in spatial learning

Author

N M, White and M C, Ouellet

Subjects
Male, Stereotaxic Techniques, Time Factors, Movement, Space Perception, Animals, Cues, Amygdala, Maze Learning, Hippocampus, Rats
Abstract

Previous experiments suggested that rats can learn to discriminate between adjacent arms of an eight-arm radial maze if they have an intact hippocampal system and are allowed to move around on the maze. These requirements are consistent with the hypothesis that this discrimination involves hippocampus-based spatial learning. We examined the importance of self-generated movement in this form of learning by moving rats manually ("passive movement") between two adjacent maze arms within a single training trial. Rats moved passively between arms (only one of which contained food) within trials learned to discriminate between the arms, as measured by a conditioned preference for the food arm when both arms were empty. This form of learning was impaired by lesions of fimbria-fornix, but was unaffected by lesions of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Normal rats that were picked up and replaced on the same arm within trials and experienced their food and no food arms on different daily trials failed to learn the same discrimination. These findings suggest that self-generated movement is not required for spatial learning that may be mediated by a hippocampal system; rather, movement may simply serve to provide information from different locations about the cues in an environment.

Published
1997

48. The EXO-200 detector, part I: detector design and construction

Author

A. Coppens, E. Beauchamp, J. M. Vuilleumier, R. DeVoe, T. Walton, C. Ouellet, M. Hughes, J. Wodin, A. Piepke, A. Sabourov, C. Benitez-Medina, G. Giroux, K. Graham, P. C. Rowson, David Leonard, David A. Sinclair, A. Pocar, S. Herrin, W. M. Fairbank, K. O'Sullivan, C. R. Hall, D. Franco, M. Swift, D. Chauhan, Michael G. Marino, C. Hagemann, J. Hodgson, J. Farine, M. Dunford, Julie Kirk, M. Montero Díez, S. Cook, P. Fierlinger, Marc Weber, A. Karelin, K. Twelker, F. LePort, S. Slutsky, K. Skarpaas, R. Neilson, F. Leonard, D. J. Auty, B. Mong, U. Wichoski, James G. Davis, R. MacLellan, J. D. Wright, A. Odian, M. Auger, M. J. Dolinski, Giorgio Gratta, R. Gornea, B. T. Cleveland, A. Kuchenkov, Liang Yang, D. Mackay, A Rivas, V.N. Stekhanov, E. Baussan, E. Rollin, J. L. Vuilleumier, R. Conley, A. R. Müller, D. Tosi, W. Craddock, J. Cook, T. Daniels, L. J. Kaufman, Y.-R. Yen, K. Hall, K. Merkle, K. Pushkin, C. Y. Prescott, C. K. Hargrove, A. Dobi, V. Strickland, K. S. Kumar, C. G. Davis, Martin Breidenbach, P. S. Barbeau, and L. Bartoszek

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Resolution (mass spectrometry), FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Xenon, Ionization, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

EXO-200 is an experiment designed to search for double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase, liquid xenon detector. It uses an active mass of 110 kg of xenon enriched to 80.6% in the isotope 136 in an ultra-low background time projection chamber capable of simultaneous detection of ionization and scintillation. This paper describes the EXO-200 detector with particular attention to the most innovative aspects of the design that revolve around the reduction of backgrounds, the efficient use of the expensive isotopically enriched xenon, and the optimization of the energy resolution in a relatively large volume.

Published
2012
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49. Prospects for Barium Tagging in Gaseous Xenon

Author

J. L. Vuilleumier, A. Piepke, A Mommers, A. Burenkov, G Gornea, P. C. Rowson, A. R. Müller, C. K. Hargrove, G. Giroux, E. Niner, A. Pocar, Liang Yang, C. Ouellet, N Ackeran, M. Montero Díez, K. Graham, B. Mong, F. LePort, A. Dobi, M. J. Dolinski, A. Coppens, Martin Auger, K. O'Sullivan, B. Aharmin, J. Farine, V.N. Stekhanov, R. DeVoe, K. Hall, R. Neilson, D. Hallman, J. Wodin, C. Hagemann, Martin Breidenbach, A. Odian, S. Slutsky, S. Herrin, C. Benitez-Medina, Jeffrey C. Smith, Y.-R. Yen, E. Rollin, K Donato, C. Y. Prescott, D. Mackay, P. S. Barbeau, K. Pushkin, Norvik Voskanian, S. Cook, R MacLennan, M. P. Green, U. Wichoski, L K Kaufman, T. Daniels, Giorgio Gratta, David Leonard, David A. Sinclair, C. R. Hall, W. M. Fairbank, and K. Twelker

Subjects
History, Alkaline earth metal, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, Particle detector, Charged particle, Computer Science Applications, Education, Ion, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, Radioactive decay, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Tagging events with the coincident detection of a barium ion would greatly reduce the background for a neutrino-less double beta decay search in xenon. This paper describes progress towards realizing this goal. It outlines a source that can produce large quantities of Ba++ in gas, shows that this can be extracted to vacuum, and demonstrates a mechanism by which the Ba++ can be efficiently converted to Ba+ as required for laser identification.

Published
2011
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50. A Review of intravenous (IV) delivery systems for enhanced computerized tomography (CT) sprung from personal observation

Author

C. Ouellet and Virginia Roth

Subjects
Bloodborne pathogens, medicine.medical_specialty, Single use, Enhanced ct, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Patient risk, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Delivery system, business, Syringe, Backflow
Abstract

ISSUE: An infection control practitioner who underwent enhanced CT scanning noticed multiple patient infusions of contrast dye from a single infusion syringe. High costs and large volumes of the dye drive this practice. A review was conducted to determine current practices and assess patient risk. PROJECT: Advisories and alerts related to enhanced CT delivery systems were researched, and the enhanced CT practices at two local hospitals were evaluated. For this review, the “extension tubing” is the delivery system between the dye container and the patient IV connection. A “sprung” type backflow valve is any valve for which significant pressure (3.4 psi) is required to open the valve. An “unsprung” valve is any valve that can be opened with less pressure, indicating that it is less effective in protecting against backflow. RESULTS: A 1995 Health Canada Advisory recommends placement of two “sprung” type, backflow valves in the extension tubing to substantially reduce (but not necessarily to eliminate) the risk of contamination. Review of two local hospitals revealed that both used two “sprung” valves in the extension tubing as recommended; the extension tubing with valves are single use only. However, differences were found in the set-up for flushing the patient IV which may allow for contamination. In one hospital, the set-up was pre-primed for all patients at the beginning of the day. In the other hospital, the set-up involved a single normal saline bag with IV tubing repeatedly used throughout the day and additional IV tubing with an “unsprung” valve, single use only. The value of protection from backflow of blood and bloodborne pathogens by the single “unsprung” valves has not been described. LESSONS LEARNED: Differences in contrast dye IV delivery systems exist between hospitals. Both hospitals reviewed used two “sprung” type, backflow valves in their extension tubing, but methods of flushing lines between procedures were inconsistent. Further studies are needed to document the risks of contamination with the use of “sprung” and “unsprung” backflow valves for multidosing of contrast dye. National standards are needed to ensure consistency of practice between hospitals.

Published
2005
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