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Background: Dorsal management is a challenging step in rhinosurgery. In the last decade, an old philosophy of preserving the dorsum has gained popularity alongside the traditional hump resection proposed by Joseph. This study aims to investigate the journey of a rhinosurgeon transitioning from structural to dorsal preservation techniques in primary rhinoplasty., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 594 consecutive patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty by the main surgeon (R.T.) with at least 12 months of follow-up. All surgeries were categorized based on the dorsal approach into Structural Dorsal Rhinoplasty (SDR), Partial Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty (PDPR), and Total Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty (TDPR). The three groups were compared based on the following variables: operative time, long-term complication rate, and re-intervention rate., Results: The study included 67 males and 527 females, with an average age of 31.43 years. The average anesthesia operative times were 231.30 minutes for SDR, 241.74 minutes for PDP, and 230.32 minutes for TDP, with no statistically significant differences observed. The complication and revision rates were as follows: SDR had 12.74% complications and 7.32% revisions, PDPR had 13.37% complications and 3.82% revisions, and TDPR had 10.57% complications and 3.25% revisions. Hump recurrence rates were 2.54% in SDR, 7.64% in PDPR, and 6.50% in TDPR. Contour irregularities occurred in 9.55% of SDR, 5.09% of PDPR, and 2.44% of TDPR cases. Both hump recurrence and contour irregularities showed statistically significant differences among the three groups., Conclusion: This study analyzed how the aforementioned variables change during the transition from structural to dorsal preservation techniques, considering the latter as the natural evolution in rhinoplasty., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declared they have no conflicts of interest to disclose, with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article. Human and Animal Participants This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Introduction: Facial ageing, particularly in the periorbital region, is a growing concern in contemporary culture. Upper blepharoplasty, a widely performed cosmetic surgery, addresses both aesthetic and functional issues related to eyelid dermatochalasis. This study aims to investigate patient satisfaction, the relationship between satisfaction and preoperative dermatochalasis severity, and the functional impact of preoperative skin excess., Methods: A prospective study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023, evaluating primary upper blepharoplasty outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the FACE-Q questionnaire, assessing quality of life and satisfaction. Preoperative symptoms were evaluated using a functional questionnaire. Dermatochalasis severity was classified into three groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS., Results: Seventy-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Postoperative FACE-Q results demonstrated significant improvements in upper eyelid appraisal and satisfaction with eyes. Functional questionnaire results indicated an overall clinical improvement (p < 0.01). Visual field tests showed statistically significant improvement in group 3. No correlation was found between preoperative dermatochalasis severity and postoperative aesthetic satisfaction., Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of validated questionnaires, particularly FACE-Q, in evaluating patient satisfaction and discomfort with upper lid ageing. Regardless of functional impairments, any degree of dermatochalasis may warrant treatment to ensure patient satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome. On the other hand, the functional benefits and improvements in the visual field also support the impact that the procedure has beyond purely aesthetic aspects., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Facial aging drives a growing demand for esthetic procedures, with nonsurgical options often falling short in longevity compared to surgery. Despite primary face and neck lift techniques receiving substantial attention, revision procedures have been relatively overlooked in terms of their unique surgical management, complication incidence, and preventive strategies., Methods: The authors present a 40-year experience with revision face and neck lifts, comprising 283 cases. The primary focus was on the high-SMAS flap technique in revision surgeries, with data collected on complications compared to primary procedures and existing literature. Secondary analysis investigated the time-lapse between primary and revision surgeries in the author's series (secondary and tertiary rhytidectomy) compared to the literature findings., Results: Out of 283 cases, 232 were secondary and 51 were tertiary procedures. Overall complication rates in secondary cases mirrored those of primary procedures, with no statistically significant difference observed (p > 0.05). The mean interval between procedures was 9.0 years (range: 3.4-28.8 years), with a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) observed between the first and second procedures (10.7 years, range: 3.8-18.8 years) and the second and third procedures (7.8 years, range: 3.5-10.8 years)., Conclusion: Results indicate that high-SMAS flaps yield consistent and satisfying outcomes, even in secondary and tertiary cases. Complication rates are comparable to primary surgeries, underscoring the importance of meticulous attention to detail in managing the complexities associated with previous surgeries and the aging process., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Upper Extremity Lymphedema following oncological breast surgery affects not only the patient's physique, but also the patient's psychological sphere. One of the best known PROMs-based questionnaires for investigating the condition is the LYMPH-Q. The study aimed to perform the Italian translation and cultural adaptation of the LYMPH-Q and to assess if, independently from disease evolution, arm sleeve improves QoL in these patients., Materials and Methods: Translation included 4 steps: Forward translation, Back translation, Back translation review and Patient interviews. The questionnaire was administered to 50 female patients older than 18 years of age with UEL who received a prescription for daily use of a compression sheath. A second administration took place 30 days after. Forty-four patients completed the study (Group 1: 26 patients with indication to use compression sleeve who wore it; Group 2:18 patients who despite the prescription did not want to wear it. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed with Prism 9 software., Results: T-tests showed statistical significance for changes in "Symptoms," "Function," "Appearance" and "Psychological" scales. There were no statistically significant changes for "Information scale" in Group 1 and for all scales in Group 2., Conclusion: Data from this observational study show that HR-QOL analyzed from the patients' perspective also tends to improve in terms of symptoms, function, appearance, and psychological sphere in patients with BCRL when using a compression sheath. The Lymph-Q has proven to be a valuable ally of the physician attempting to improve treatment approaches for BCRL based not only on scientific evidence but also on PROMs., (Copyright © 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Inverted-T scar reduction mammaplasty is still the most chosen technique for breast reduction even if scars are relevant. Sometimes, surgical scars may be esthetically unpleasant and may cause severe pain, tenderness, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression in these patients. This study aimed to assess any possible correlation between general satisfaction with the breast and appearance of the scars in patients who underwent inverted T-scar reduction mammaplasty. Secondary aim was to evaluate average variations of BREAST-Q and SCAR-Q at different postoperative times., Materials and Methods: 121 patients who underwent breast reduction using Pitanguy technique with inferiorly based dermo-adipose flap according to Ribeiro were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. All patients filled the BREAST-Q REDUCTION and SCAR-Q questionnaires in paper form at 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery. BREAST-Q REDUCTION "Satisfaction with breast" scale was also administered preoperatively. Values were exported in Prism 9 for the statistical analysis., Results: Correlation index of Pearson between "Satisfaction with breast" and "Appearance of scar" was 0.09 at 1 month post-operative and - 0.07 and 0.21 at 6 and 12 months PO respectively. "Satisfaction with breast" mean value tends to rise over time. "Appearance of scar" mean value tends to decrease over time., Conclusion: No correlation at different postoperative times between the general satisfaction with the breast and appearance of the scars was found. Data showed that satisfaction with the breast and appearance of the scars in patients who underwent inverted T-scar reduction mammaplasty tend to improve over time., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Rhinoplasty procedure has a strong impact on patient quality of life. Plastic surgery patients show a degree of appearance-related distress higher than general population, especially patients undergoing rhinoplasty. Relationship between patient-reported outcome after rhinoplasty and self-consciousness of appearance needs further studies. The aim of this study is to investigate this correlation, considering the surgeon external evaluation as well., Materials and Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients underwent primary cosmetofunctional rhinoseptoplasty. Appearance-related distress and surgical outcome were assessed by DAS59 (Derriford Appearance Scale 59) and SCHNOS (Standardised Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey), administered before and after surgery. Follow-up period was 12 months. Third-party clinical outcome was evaluated by three plastic surgeons by a scale ranging from 1 (poor outcome) to 5 (excellent outcome)., Results: A first division in Group 1 (satisfied) and Group 2 (unsatisfied) was done. DAS59 mean score in Group 1 showed to be statistically lower than Group 2 (p value < 0.05). Spearman's test showed a large strong positive correlation between preoperative and postoperative DAS59 and SCHNOS-C score variations (Delta 0-12 months) (r = 0.7514, p<0.001), as well as between DAS59 and SCHNOS-O (r = 0.5117, p<0.001) and between SCHNOS-C and SCHNOS-O (r = 0.6928, p<0.001)., Conclusion: Rhinoseptoplasty has a significant impact on the patient self-consciousness of appearance, in both negative and positive terms. We emphasize the surgeon's burden, who need to carefully assess and address the patient's expectations during the first evaluation. This distinction is crucial since unrealistic expectations may lead to dissatisfaction even after a properly performed procedure., Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Duramesh (Mesh Suture Inc., Chicago, IL) is a new suturing concept, combining the principles of mesh with the precision, flexibility, and versatility of a suture, suitable also for abdominal rectus diastasis (ARD) correction., Objectives: This prospective research aimed to compare mesh with the standard polypropylene suture plication for rectus diastasis repair with regard to safety (infection, seroma, hematoma, surgical wound dehiscence, and fistula rates and hospital stay); effectiveness (ARD recurrence by ultrasound sonography, palpability of the muscular suture, surgical time, and postoperative pain evaluation); and satisfaction of the patients based on the BODY-Q, a patient-reported outcome measure., Methods: Sixty-five of the initial 70 patients who underwent rectus diastasis repair with a 6-month follow-up were randomly divided into 2 groups, comprising 33 patients treated with Duramesh and 32 patients treated with standard 0 polypropylene suture plication. Data regarding infection, seroma, hematoma, surgical wound dehiscence, and fistula rates; hospital stay; ARD recurrence; palpability of the muscular suture; surgical time; postoperative pain evaluation (measured by visual analog scale, or VAS); and the BODY-Q were analyzed by Prism 9 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA)., Results: No significant differences were reported between the 2 groups with regard to infection, seroma, hematoma, surgical wound dehiscence, and fistula rates and hospital stay. The mesh decreased the time required to perform plication compared with standard polypropylene detached sutures. No statistically significant differences were found with respect to the VAS and BODY-Q data., Conclusions: Duramesh 0 application for rectus diastasis repair is safe and effective without compromising aesthetic improvement when compared with standard 0 polypropylene plication., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Scarring at the incision site represents one of the most impactful outcomes in breast augmentation surgery for both the patient and the surgeon. Few studies exist with the aim of assessing patient perception of scarring outcomes in primary breast augmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on quality of life of scars by submitting the SCAR-Q in patients who underwent primary augmentation mammoplasty., Methods: The SCAR-Q was administered at one and at 6 months after surgery to 54 consecutive patients underwent primary breast augmentation with inferior hemi-periareolar or inframammary incision. A total of 50 patients were divided into two groups of 21 patients with inferior hemi-periareolar incision and 29 patients with inframammary fold incision, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed with Prism 9., Results: All mean values of the three SCAR-Q scales tend to decrease at the second administration meaning that the perception of the scar is better at time 6 from the patient perspective. In the "Psychosocial scale," lower values at both 1 month and 6 months for group 2 compared to group 1 were shown. Unpaired T tests with Welch's correction showed significance for delta values variations between the two groups with P values <0.0001., Conclusion: Data show that patients undergoing primary breast augmentation have a scar that has no significant impact. Patients with inframammary fold scar have less psychosocial impact than those with inferior hemi-periareolar scar. There were no statistically significant differences in scar-related symptoms and scar appearance between scar along the inframammary groove and inferior hemi-periareolar scar., Level of Evidence Iv: Case series study. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Primary breast augmentation is one of the most sought-after procedures in cosmetic surgery. It is generally related to a high degree of patient satisfaction, but it is not always obvious which factors have greater influence on patient satisfaction., Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate how anthropometric, psychological, and social parameters, in association with the main surgical variables, influenced patients' satisfaction with their breasts after surgery., Methods: Patients undergoing primary breast augmentation between October 2018 and February 2022, who completed a 12-month follow-up without complications, were enrolled in the study. For each patient we recorded: BMI, pinch test (upper pole of the breast), surgical access, implant pocket, implant volume, bra size increase, age, smoking habit, civil status, education level, pregnancies, and psychiatric disorders. Each variable was statistically correlated with patient's satisfaction, assessed by BREAST-Q questionnaire preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively., Results: Analyzing the data of the 131 patients, we found 3 factors affecting their satisfaction (P<.05); BMI: underweight patients were less satisfied than normal and overweight patients; pinch test: patients with a pinch test >2 cm were more satisfied; volume of the implant and bra size increase: patients with implant volume <300 cc and a less than 2 bra size increase were less satisfied than patients with larger augmentation., Conclusions: BMI, pinch test, implant volume, and extent of volumetric enhancement should be taken into careful consideration by the surgeon during preoperative consultation and surgical planning, because they can be critical to patient satisfaction., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Breast reduction is one of the most required plastic surgery procedures worldwide, improving significantly the quality of life for patients with macromastia and gigantomachia. Despite various proposed approaches aiming to yield more stable results postreduction, no single technique has demonstrated unequivocal superiority. Recurrence ptosis at 6-12 months postoperative remains a challenging concern. To improve this issue, the authors propose a novel application of the poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) scaffold on the anterior surface of the Ribeiro dermo-adipose flap. The primary aim was to establish a durable and resilient biological connection between the mammary gland and the flap, thereby promoting long-lasting outcomes in breast reduction procedures. The P4HB scaffold is a monofilament, single-layer, biologically derived, fully resorbable, rapidly integrating within breast tissue; this biological process stimulates the formation of freshly vascularized connective tissue up to a thickness of 2-3 mm. Within 18-24 months, the scaffold undergoes gradual resorption through hydrolysis-based mechanism, providing enhanced strength and resistance to the native tissue, as shown in animal model. A key innovation proposed by the authors involves the division of a 15 × 20 cm rectangular sheet of the P4HB scaffold along its diagonal, resulting in two right triangles. This modification ensures increased height of the device if compared with the traditional splitting technique of the scaffold. The strategic establishment of a biological bridge between the mammary gland and flap through the implementation of the P4HB scaffold could potentially enhance the longevity and aesthetics of breast reduction outcomes., Competing Interests: Barbara Cagli is an advisory board member of Galaflex by BD, which provided GalaFLEX P4HB 15 × 20 cm scaffolds. All the scaffolds were used by the first operator (B.C.) and were not given free of charge. The other authors have no financial interests to declare in relation to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Objective: A few studies have focused on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic non-responsive pressure skin ulcers. The aim of this study was to assess how correct treatment (advanced wound care [AWC] dressings alone or vacuum assisted closure [VAC] therapy alone) changes the QoL of these patients. Approach: One hundred six patients with chronic non-responsive pressure skin ulcers, who had previously used galenic dressings, applied without proper therapeutic indication, were included in this study. We administered the WOUND-Q, at time 0 and after 1 month of appropriate therapy, to assess patient-reported outcome measures. Group 1 consisted of 30 patients treated with advanced dressings, Group 2: 22 patients treated with VAC therapy, and Group 3: 30 patients continuing conventional galenic dressings (Control group). Statistical analysis allowed us to analyze QoL changes over time and to compare WOUND-Q Group 1 and 2 deltas with those of Group 3. The study followed the STROBE statement. Results and Innovation: In all the scales evaluated (Assessment, Drainage, Smell, Life impact, Psychological, Social, Sleep and Dressing), there were significant improvements in mean values for Groups 1 and 2. Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's multiple-comparisons tests and Brown-Forsythe and Welch Analysis of Variance tests demonstrated significant differences between deltas of Group 1 and Group 2 compared with those of Group 3 for most scales analyzed. Conclusions: Administration of the WOUND-Q demonstrated that the application of advanced dressings alone or VAC therapy alone positively affects the QoL of patients with chronic nonresponsive pressure wounds, in comparison with galenic dressings alone. The WOUND-Q has been shown to be a valid tool in studying changes in QoL of these patients.

Background: Patient satisfaction is the primary goal in breast augmentation, but in a few cases patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction are in disagreement., Objectives: The authors try to explain the reasons associated with disparity between patient and surgeon satisfaction., Methods: Seventy-one patients who underwent primary breast augmentation with dual-plane technique, with inframammary or inferior hemi-periareolar incision, were enrolled in this prospective study. Quality of life was evaluated with BREAST-Q preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative photographic analysis was performed by a heterogeneous group of experts who completed the validated Breast Aesthetic Scale (BAS). The patient satisfaction score was compared with the overall appearance as determined by the validated BAS; a difference in score of 1 or more was considered a discordant judgement. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 18.0, with values of P < .01 considered statistically significant., Results: BREAST-Q analysis showed a significative improvement in quality of life on the psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical well-being chest scale and satisfaction with the breast (P < .01). Of the 71 pairs, 60 had a concordant judgment between patient and surgeon, and 11 were discordant. The score expressed by the patients (4.35 ± 0.69) was on average higher than that of the third-party observers (3.88 ± 0.58), with P < .001., Conclusions: Patient satisfaction is the main goal following the success of a surgical or medical procedure. BREAST-Q and photographs during the preoperative period are helpful to understanding the patient's real expectations., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Aim: Describe the occurrence of dental caries in a sample of pre-school children and school children, aged 3 and 12, and study the possible association between caries and malocclusion., Methods: We selected and analyzed the medical records of a sample of 588 patients who had their first dental examination at the Pediatric Dentistry Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences of Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome., Results: In the sample, 55.4% of the children had no decayed deciduous elements, while 44.6% had at least one decayed deciduous element. The prevalence of decayed permanent teeth was 10.2%, while 89.8% had no decayed permanent teeth. In the sample, 9.4% of the children showed advanced carious lesions, that needed tooth extraction and 6.6% needed a space maintainer for post-extractive interceptive treatment. In the sample, 26.7% of the examined patients had increased overjet, while 3.7% had decreased overjet and 25.4% of the sample had an increased overbite, 11, 2% had reduced over-bite values. A percentage over 10% of the sample had an anterior openbite in centric occlusion. The prevalence of posterior crossbite among entire samples was 19.8%., Conclusions: Although the incidence of caries disease was high in the selected samples, the study did not show a statistically significant association between caries and clinical orthodontic abnormalities, except for the association between the midline deviation and the severe carious diseases, necessitating extraction.

ESA astronauts' ISS flight opportunities are considered as a vital source to meet the utilisation, operation and political objectives that Europe has established for participating in the International Space Station programme. Recent internal ESA assessments have demonstrated that a rate of three flights per year for European Astronauts should be maintained as a minimum objective. The current flight rate is lower than this. In order to improve this situation, in the context of the activation of the ESA ISS Commercialisation programme, ESA is developing the conditions for the establishment of commercially based human spaceflights with the financial support of both ESA and the private sector or, in the future, only the latter. ESA is working in a Partnership with the space industry to facilitate the implementation of such projects and support customers with a range of end-to-end commercial services. The opportunities and challenges of a "commercial human spaceflight", involving a member of the European Astronaut Corps, or a privately employed flight participant, are discussed here., (c2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We have undertaken a project called STARDUST which is a collaboration with Italian and American investigators. The goals of this program are to study the condensation and coagulation of refractory materials from the vapor and to study the properties of the resulting grains as analogs to cosmic dust particles. To reduce thermal convective currents and to develop valuable experience in designing an experiment for the Gas-Grain Simulation Facility aboard Space Station Freedom we have built and flown a new chamber to study these processes under periods of microgravity available on NASA's KC-135 Research Aircraft. Preliminary results from flights with magnesium and zinc are discussed.

The formation, properties and chemical dynamics of microparticles are important in a wide variety of technical and scientific fields including synthesis of semiconductor crystals from the vapour, heterogeneous chemistry in the stratosphere and the formation of cosmic dust surrounding the stars. Gravitational effects on particle formation from vapors include gas convection and buoyancy and particle sedimentation. These processes can be significantly reduced by studying condensation and agglomeration of particles in microgravity. In addition, to accurately simulate particle formation near stars, which takes place under low gravity conditions, studies in microgravity are desired. We report here the STARDUST experience, a recent collaborative effort that brings together a successful American program of microgravity experiments on particle formation aboard NASA KC-135 Reduced Gravity Research Aircraft and several Italian research groups with expertise in microgravity research and astrophysical dust formation. The program goal is to study the formation and properties of high temperature particles and gases that are of interest in astrophysics and planetary science. To do so we are developing techniques that are generally applicable to study particle formation and properties, taking advantage of the microgravity environment to allow accurate control of system parameters.