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1. Real Time Cementing Hydraulics Simulations Bring Risk Down

Author

Nicolas C. Flamant, Sviatoslav Pelipenko, and Simon C. Impey

Subjects
Viscosity, Petroleum engineering, Hydraulics, law, Computation, Slurry, Compressibility, Drilling, Environmental science, Engineering simulation, law.invention, Fluid density
Abstract

Proper control of downhole pressure during cementing operations is critical to maintaining well integrity, i.e. avoiding getting a well kick or fracturing the formation. Contrary to drilling operations where pressure can be monitored in real time thanks to measurement while drilling by downhole tools, no such measurements are available while cementing. Cementing operations must therefore rely on the use of simulations to estimate pressures downhole and ensure that the well integrity is not compromised. These simulations are typically performed ahead of the operations, but for critical wells it is paramount to also perform the calculations in real time to account for any deviation from the plan. We will first provide a description of the hydraulics simulator used for real time simulations. A key feature is the ability to account for fluctuations in injected fluid density, as a result of the cement slurry mixing process. This effectively results in tracking a high number of fluids with different density properties. The simulator also takes into account fluid compressibility and pressure and temperature dependent fluid viscosity, the magnitude of the effects of which we examine in application to generic field cases. Another salient feature of the simulator is its ability to determine whether fluid is lost to the formation by using flow returning from the well as an additional input. We highlight the work accomplished to achieve the performance required for real time computations and then illustrate how the simulator gets used during operation through a case study.

Published
2019
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2. The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near-IR Data and Catalog

Author

P. Capak, H. Aussel, M. Ajiki, H. J. McCracken, B. Mobasher, N. Scoville, P. Shopbell, Y. Taniguchi, D. Thompson, S. Tribiano, S. Sasaki, A. W. Blain, M. Brusa, C. Carilli, A. Comastri, C. M. Carollo, P. Cassata, J. Colbert, R. S. Ellis, M. Elvis, M. Giavalisco, W. Green, L. Guzzo, G. Hasinger, O. Ilbert, C. Impey, K. Jahnke, J. Kartaltepe, J.‐P. Kneib, J. Koda, A. Koekemoer, Y. Komiyama, A. Leauthaud, O. Lefevre, S. Lilly, C. Liu, R. Massey, S. Miyazaki, T. Murayama, T. Nagao, J. A. Peacock, A. Pickles, C. Porciani, A. Renzini, J. Rhodes, M. Rich, M. Salvato, D. B. Sanders, C. Scarlata, D. Schiminovich, E. Schinnerer, M. Scodeggio, K. Sheth, Y. Shioya, L. A. M. Tasca, J. E. Taylor, L. Yan, G. Zamorani, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), P. Capak, H. Aussel, M. Ajiki, H. J. McCracken, B. Mobasher, N. Scoville, P. Shopbell, Y. Taniguchi, D. Thompson, S. Tribiano, S. Sasaki, A. W. Blain, M. Brusa, C. Carilli, A. Comastri, C. M. Carollo, P. Cassata, J. Colbert, R. S. Elli, M. Elvi, M. Giavalisco, W. Green, L. Guzzo, G. Hasinger, O. Ilbert, C. Impey, K. Jahnke, J. Kartaltepe, J. Kneib, J. Koda, A. Koekemoer, Y. Komiyama, A. Leauthaud, O. L. Fevre, S. Lilly, C. Liu, R. Massey, S. Miyazaki, T. Murayama, T. Nagao, J. A. Peacock, A. Pickle, C. Porciani, A. Renzini, J. Rhode, M. Rich, M. Salvato, D. B. Sander, C. Scarlata, D. Schiminovich, E. Schinnerer, M. Scodeggio, K. Sheth, Y. Shioya, L. A. M., J. E. Taylor, L. Yan, and G. Zamorani

Subjects
Population, Large-scale structure of universe, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, Imaging data, Cosmology: Observations, Spectral line, law.invention, Photometry (optics), Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: Evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Panchromatic film, Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe, Cosmology: Observation, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Cosmology: observations, Galaxies: evolution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present imaging data and photometry for the COSMOS survey in 15 photometric bands between 0.3um and 2.4um. These include data taken on the Subaru 8.3m telescope, the KPNO and CTIO 4m telescopes, and the CFHT 3.6m telescope. Special techniques are used to ensure that the relative photometric calibration is better than 1% across the field of view. The absolute photometric accuracy from standard star measurements is found to be 6%. The absolute calibration is corrected using galaxy spectra, providing colors accurate to 2% or better. Stellar and galaxy colors and counts agree well with the expected values. Finally, as the first step in the scientific analysis of these data we construct panchromatic number counts which confirm that both the geometry of the universe and the galaxy population are evolving., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, 14 tables, Accepted to ApJS for COSMOS speciall issue

Published
2007
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3. zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS redshift survey covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS field

Author

S. J. Lilly, O. Le Fevre, A. Renzini, G. Zamorani, M. Scodeggio, T. Contini, C. M. Carollo, G. Hasinger, J.‐P. Kneib, A. Iovino, V. Le Brun, C. Maier, V. Mainieri, M. Mignoli, J. Silverman, L. A. M. Tasca, M. Bolzonella, A. Bongiorno, D. Bottini, P. Capak, K. Caputi, A. Cimatti, O. Cucciati, E. Daddi, R. Feldmann, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, L. Guzzo, O. Ilbert, P. Kampczyk, K, Kovac, F. Lamareille, A. Leauthaud, J.‐F. Le Borgne, H. J. McCracken, C. Marinoni, R. Pello, E. Ricciardelli, C. Scarlata, D. Vergani, D. B. Sanders, E. Schinnerer, N. Scoville, Y. Taniguchi, S. Arnouts, H. Aussel, S. Bardelli, M. Brusa, A. Cappi, P. Ciliegi, A. Finoguenov, S. Foucaud, R. Franceschini, C. Halliday, C. Impey, C. Knobel, A. Koekemoer, J. Kurk, D. Maccagni, S. Maddox, B. Marano, G. Marconi, B. Meneux, B. Mobasher, C. Moreau, J. A. Peacock, C. Porciani, L. Pozzetti, R. Scaramella, D. Schiminovich, P. Shopbell, I. Smail, D. Thompson, L. Tresse, G. Vettolani, A. Zanichelli, E. Zucca, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (IASF-Milano), Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestriche Physik (MPE), INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (INAF-OAA), National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson (NOAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Tohoku University, Nottingham University, University of Arizona (UoA), Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), European Southern Observatory (ESO), University of Edinburgh, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Columbia University, New York, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham (ICC), IRA-INAF, Bologna, Beaussier, Catherine, Lilly S. J., Le Fèvre O., Renzini A., Zamorani G., Scodeggio M., Contini T., Carollo C. M., Hasinger G., Kneib J.-P., Iovino A., Le Brun V., Maier C., Mainieri V., Mignoli M., Silverman J., Tasca L. A. M., Bolzonella M., Bongiorno A., Bottini D., Capak P., Caputi K., Cimatti A., Cucciati O., Daddi E., Feldmann R., Franzetti P., Garilli B., Guzzo L., Ilbert O., Kampczyk P., Kovac K., Lamareille F., Leauthaud A., Borgne J.-F. Le, McCracken H. J., Marinoni C., Pello R., Ricciardelli E., Scarlata C., Vergani D., Sanders D. B., Schinnerer E., Scoville N., Taniguchi Y., Arnouts S., Aussel H., Bardelli S., Brusa M., Cappi A., Ciliegi P., Finoguenov A., Foucaud S., Franceschini R., Halliday C., Impey C., Knobel C., Koekemoer A., Kurk J., Maccagni D., Maddox S., Marano B., Marconi G., Meneux B., Mobasher B., Moreau C., Peacock J. A., Porciani C., Pozzetti L., Scaramella R., Schiminovich D., Shopbell P., Smail I., Thompson D., Tresse L., Vettolani G., Zanichelli A., and Zucca E.

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nucleus, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift survey, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Spectral line, Galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Space and Planetary Science, Galaxy group, 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph
Abstract

zCOSMOS is a large redshift survey that is being undertaken in the COSMOS field using 600 hours of observation with the VIMOS spectrograph on the 8-m VLT. The survey is designed to characterise the environments of COSMOS galaxies from the 100 kpc scales of galaxy groups up to the 100 Mpc scale of the cosmic web and to produce diagnostic information on galaxies and active galactic nuclei. The zCOSMOS survey consists of two parts: (a) zCOSMOS-bright, a magnitude-limited I-band IAB < 22.5 sample of about 20,000 galaxies with 0.1 < z < 1.2 covering the whole 1.7 deg2 COSMOS ACS field and designed to mimic the parameters of the 2dfGRS; and (b) zCOSMOS-deep, a survey of approximately 10,000 galaxies selected through colour-selection criteria to have 1.4 < z < 3.0, within the central 1 deg2. This paper describes the survey design and the construction of the target catalogues, and briefly outlines the observational program and the data pipeline. In the first observing season, spectra of 1303 zCOSMOS-bright targets and of 977 zCOSMOS-deep targets have been obtained. These are briefly analysed to demonstrate the characteristics that may be expected from zCOSMOS, and particularly zCOSMOS-bright, when it is finally completed between 2008-2009. The power of combining spectroscopic and photometric redshifts is demonstrated, especially in correctly identifying the emission line in single-line spectra and in determining which of the less reliable spectroscopic redshifts are correct and which are incorrect. Our zCOSMOS-deep spectra demonstrate the effectiveness of our selection techniques to isolate high redshift galaxies at 1.4 < z < 3.0 and of VIMOS to measure their redshifts using ultraviolet absorption lines., Comment: 24 pages plus 16 figures. Accepted, to appear in the ApJ Supplement COSMOS Special Issue

Published
2006
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4. COSMOS : Hubble Space Telescope Observations

Author

N. Scoville, R. G. Abraham, H. Aussel, J. E. Barnes, A. Benson, A. W. Blain, D. Calzetti, A. Comastri, P. Capak, C. Carilli, J. E. Carlstrom, C. M. Carollo, J. Colbert, E. Daddi, R. S. Ellis, M. Elvis, S. P. Ewald, M. Fall, A. Franceschini, M. Giavalisco, W. Green, R. E. Griffiths, L. Guzzo, G. Hasinger, C. Impey, J.‐P. Kneib, J. Koda, A. Koekemoer, O. Lefevre, S. Lilly, C. T. Liu, H. J. McCracken, R. Massey, Y. Mellier, S. Miyazaki, B. Mobasher, J. Mould, C. Norman, A. Refregier, A. Renzini, J. Rhodes, M. Rich, D. B. Sanders, D. Schiminovich, E. Schinnerer, M. Scodeggio, K. Sheth, P. L. Shopbell, Y. Taniguchi, N. D. Tyson, C. M. Urry, L. Van Waerbeke, P. Vettolani, S. D. M. White, L. Yan, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Surveys, Cosmology: Observations, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Advanced Camera for Surveys, Physical cosmology, Hubble space telescope, Galaxies: Evolution, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmology: Dark Matter, Galaxies: Formation, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Limiting magnitude, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) was initiated with an extensive allocation (590 orbits in Cycles 12-13) using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) for high resolution imaging. Here we review the characteristics of the HST imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and parallel observations with NICMOS and WFPC2. A square field (1.8$\sq$\deg) has been imaged with single-orbit ACS I-F814W exposures with 50% completeness for sources 0.5\arcsec in diameter at I$_{AB} $ = 26.0 mag. The ACS imaging is a key part of the COSMOS survey, providing very high sensitivity and high resolution (0.09\arcsec FWHM, 0.05\arcsec pixels) imaging and detecting 1.2 million objects to a limiting magnitude of 26.5 (AB). These images yield resolved morphologies for several hundred thousand galaxies. The small HST PSF also provides greatly enhanced sensitivity for weak lensing investigations of the dark matter distribution., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures -- to appear in COSMOS ApJ Suppl. special issue

Published
2006
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5. Photometry and Spectroscopy of GRB 030329 and its Associated Supernova 2003dh: The First Two Months

Author

T. Matheson, P. M. Garnavich, K. Z. Stanek, D. Bersier, S. T. Holland, K. Krisciunas, N. Caldwell, P. Berlind, J. S. Bloom, M. Bolte, A. Z. Bonanos, M. J. I. Brown, W. R. Brown, M. L. Calkins, P. Challis, R. Chornock, L. Echevarria, D. J. Eisenstein, M. E. Everett, A. V. Filippenko, K. Flint, R. J. Foley, D. L. Freedman, Mario Hamuy, P. Harding, N. P. Hathi, M. Hicken, C. Hoopes, C. Impey, B. T. Jannuzi, R. A. Jansen, S. Jha, J. Kaluzny, S. Kannappan, R. P. Kirshner, D. W. Latham, J. C. Lee, D. C. Leonard, W. Li, K. L. Luhman, P. Martini, H. Mathis, J. Maza, S. T. Megeath, L. R. Miller, D. Minniti, E. W. Olszewski, M. Papenkova, M. M. Phillips, B. Pindor, D. D. Sasselov, R. Schild, H. Schweiker, T. Spahr, J. Thomas‐Osip, I. Thompson, D. Weisz, R. Windhorst, and D. Zaritsky

Subjects
Physics, GRB 980425, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Afterglow, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, GRB 030329, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present extensive optical and infrared photometry of the afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 030329 and its associated supernova (SN) 2003dh over the first two months after detection (2003 March 30-May 29 UT). Optical spectroscopy from a variety of telescopes is shown and, when combined with the photometry, allows an unambiguous separation between the afterglow and supernova contributions. The optical afterglow of the GRB is initially a power-law continuum but shows significant color variations during the first week that are unrelated to the presence of a supernova. The early afterglow light curve also shows deviations from the typical power-law decay. A supernova spectrum is first detectable ~7 days after the burst and dominates the light after ~11 days. The spectral evolution and the light curve are shown to closely resemble those of SN 1998bw, a peculiar Type Ic SN associated with GRB 980425, and the time of the supernova explosion is close to the observed time of the GRB. It is now clear that at least some GRBs arise from core-collapse SNe., Comment: 57 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ, revised per referee's comments, includes full photometry table. Data available at ftp://cfa-ftp.harvard.edu/pub/kstanek/GRB030329 or through WWW at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/GRB/

6. The Chandra COSMOS Survey, I: Overview and Point Source Catalog

Author

Luigi Guzzo, Bahram Mobasher, G. Zamorani, Fabrizio Fiore, Chris Impey, Hermann Brunner, Antonella Fruscione, Takamitsu Miyaji, Simon J. Lilly, Marcella Brusa, Anton M. Koekemoer, Stefano Ettori, Francesca Civano, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, John D. Silverman, James E. Taylor, Martin Elvis, Heng Hao, Michael Rich, Peter Capak, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrew Blain, Guenther Hasinger, David B. Sanders, Richard E. Griffiths, C. Marcella Carollo, Marta Volonteri, Giuseppina Fabbiano, Mara Salvato, Tom Aldcroft, Patrick L. Shopbell, Cristian Vignali, Alexis Finoguenov, Vincenzo Mainieri, N. Z. Scoville, Andrea Comastri, Francesco Damiani, Nico Cappelluti, Chris Carilli, Eva Schinnerer, Daniela Calzetti, Roberto Gilli, C. M. Urry, M. Elvi, F. Civano, C. Vignali, S. Puccetti, F. Fiore, N. Cappelluti, T. L. Aldcroft, A. Fruscione, G. Zamorani, A. Comastri, M. Brusa, R. Gilli, T. Miyaji, F. Damiani, A. Koekemoer, A. Finoguenov, H. Brunner, C.M. Urry, J. Silverman, V. Mainieri, G. Hasinger, R. Griffith, M. Carollo, H. Hao, L. Guzzo, A. Blain, D. Calzetti, C. Carilli, P. Capak, S. Ettori, G. Fabbiano, C. Impey, S. Lilly, B. Mobasher, M. Rich, M. Salvato, D.B. Sander, E. Schinnerer, N. Scoville, P. Shopbell, J.E. Taylor, Y. Taniguchi, and M. Volonteri

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Field (physics), biology, Infrared, Point source, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Limiting, biology.organism_classification, Acis, Space and Planetary Science, Point (geometry), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, catalogs – cosmology: observations – galaxies: evolution – quasars: general – surveys – X-rays: general, Cosmos, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Chandra COSMOS Survey (C-COSMOS) is a large, 1.8 Ms, Chandra} program that has imaged the central 0.5 sq.deg of the COSMOS field (centered at 10h, +02deg) with an effective exposure of ~160ksec, and an outer 0.4sq.deg. area with an effective exposure of ~80ksec. The limiting source detection depths are 1.9e-16 erg cm(-2) s(-1) in the Soft (0.5-2 keV) band, 7.3e(-16) erg cm^-2 s^-1 in the Hard (2-10 keV) band, and 5.7e(-16) erg cm(-2) s(-1) in the Full (0.5-10 keV) band. Here we describe the strategy, design and execution of the C-COSMOS survey, and present the catalog of 1761 point sources detected at a probability of being spurious of, Revised to omit egregious bold facing and fix missing ',' in author list

Published
2009

7. The spatial clustering of X-ray selected AGN in the XMM-COSMOS field

Author

E. Zucca, Andrea Comastri, C. Knobel, O. Le Fèvre, S. de la Torre, N. Z. Scoville, Francesca Civano, Fabrizio Fiore, Alexie Leauthaud, J. F. Le Borgne, Roberto Gilli, Chris Impey, L. de Ravel, M. Mignoli, Alessandro Cimatti, F. Lamareille, M. Bolzonella, Roberto Scaramella, Takamitsu Miyaji, G. Zamorani, Günther Hasinger, J. Walcher, Lidia Tasca, M. Fumana, Jean-Paul Kneib, P. Memeo, V. Le Brun, D. Maccagni, Angela Bongiorno, K. Kovac, S. Bardelli, Christian Maier, M. Scodeggio, Daniela Vergani, Nico Cappelluti, P. Franzetti, Christian Marinoni, H. J. McCracken, D. Bottini, A. Iovino, P. Kampczyk, E. Perez Montero, Olga Cucciati, Laurence Tresse, R. Pello, Jonathan R. Trump, Y. Peng, Luigi Guzzo, E. Ricciardelli, Emanuele Daddi, Cristiano Porciani, Cristian Vignali, Thierry Contini, Mara Salvato, Masayuki Tanaka, Alexis Finoguenov, Graziano Coppa, Paolo Cassata, Lucia Pozzetti, John D. Silverman, Vincenzo Mainieri, Peter Capak, C. M. Carollo, Marcella Brusa, Bianca Garilli, B. Meneux, Simon J. Lilly, Karina Caputi, Alvio Renzini, Pascal Oesch, A. Cappi, U. Abbas, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Astronomy, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), R. Gilli, G. Zamorani, T. Miyaji, J. Silverman, M. Brusa, V. Mainieri, N. Cappelluti, E. Daddi, C. Porciani, L. Pozzetti, F. Civano, A. Comastri, A. Finoguenov, F. Fiore, M. Salvato, C. Vignali, G. Hasinger, S. Lilly, C. Impey, J. Trump, P. Capak, H. McCracken, N. Scoville, Y. Taniguchi, C.M. Carollo, T. Contini, J.-P. Kneib, O. LeFevre, A. Renzini, M. Scodeggio, S. Bardelli, M. Bolzonella, A. Bongiorno, K. Caputi, A. Cimatti, G. Coppa, O. Cucciati, S. de la Torre, L. de Ravel, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, A. Iovino, P. Kampczyk, C. Knobel, K. Kovac, F. Lamareille, J.-F. Le Borgne, V. Le Brun, C. Maier, M. Mignoli, R. Pello', Y. Peng, E. Perez Montero, E. Ricciardelli, M. Tanaka, L. Tasca, L. Tresse, D. Vergani, E. Zucca, U. Abba, D. Bottini, A. Cappi, P. Cassata, M. Fumana, L. Guzzo, A. Leauthaud, D. Maccagni, C. Marinoni, P. Memeo, B. Meneux, P. Oesch, R. Scaramella, and J. Walcher

Subjects
QSOS, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Stellar mass, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION, Large-scale structure of universe, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Luminosity, SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES, GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY, 0103 physical sciences, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS, galaxies: active – cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe – cosmology: observations – X-rays: galaxies, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmology, Cosmology: observations, Galaxies: active, X-rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS, cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe, Universe, Galaxy, Redshift, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, cosmology: observations, DIGITAL SKY SURVEY, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], ANGULAR-CORRELATION
Abstract

We study the spatial clustering of 538 X-ray selected AGN in the 2 deg^2 XMM-COSMOS field that are spectroscopically identified to I_{AB} 3 x 10^{10} M_sun) at the same redshift. This suggests that AGN at z~1 are preferentially hosted by massive galaxies, as observed both in the local and in the distant (z~2) Universe. (shortened), Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication in A&A. Language edited version

Published
2009
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8. The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the COSMOS Field: Statistical Properties of Clusters of Galaxies

Author

I. Sakelliou, S. J. Lilly, Y. Taniguchi, Andrea Comastri, O. Le Fevre, Peter Capak, J. P. Kneib, Luigi Guzzo, Nico Cappelluti, Chris Impey, G. Zamorani, A. Finoguenov, Vincenzo Mainieri, Jonathan R. Trump, H. Aussel, A. Leauthaud, Hans Boehringer, Bahram Mobasher, Takashi Murayama, L. A. M. Tasca, Eva Schinnerer, John A. Peacock, V. Smolcic, Marcella Brusa, H. J. McCracken, John D. Silverman, S. Giodini, Nick Scoville, Richard E. Griffiths, G. Hasinger, Anton M. Koekemoer, Richard Massey, James E. Taylor, A. Finoguenov, L. Guzzo, G. Hasinger, N. Z. Scoville, H. Aussel, H. Böhringer, M. Brusa, P. Capak, N. Cappelluti, A. Comastri, S. Giodini, R. E. Griffith, C. Impey, A. M. Koekemoer, J. Kneib, A. Leauthaud, O. L. Fèvre, S. Lilly, V. Mainieri, R. Massey, H. J. McCracken, B. Mobasher, T. Murayama, J. A. Peacock, I. Sakelliou, E. Schinnerer, J. D. Silverman, V. Smolčić, Y. Taniguchi, L. Tasca, J. E. Taylor, J. R. Trump, G. Zamorani, Services communs OMP (UMS 831), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestriche Physik (MPE), INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (INAF-OAB), Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, University of Edinburgh, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Physics Department, Graduate School of Science, Ehime University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Field (physics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), Cluster (physics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmology: Dark Matter, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe, Space and Planetary Science, Cosmology: Observation, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We present the results of a search for galaxy clusters in the first 36 XMM-Newton pointings on the COSMOS field. We reach a depth for a total cluster flux in the 0.5-2 keV band of 3x10-15 ergs cm-2 s-1, having one of the widest XMM-Newton contiguous raster surveys, covering an area of 2.1 square degrees. Cluster candidates are identified through a wavelet detection of extended X-ray emission. Verification of the cluster candidates is done based on a galaxy concentration analysis in redshift slices of thickness of 0.1-0.2 in redshift, using the multi-band photometric catalog of the COSMOS field and restricting the search to zS)-lg(S) distribution compares well with previous results, although yielding a somewhat higher number of clusters at similar fluxes. The X-ray luminosity function of COSMOS clusters matches well the results of nearby surveys, providing a comparably tight constraint on the faint end slope of alpha=1.93+/-0.04. For the probed luminosity range of 8x10+42 - 2x10+44 ergs s-1, our survey is in agreement with and adds significantly to the existing data on the cluster luminosity function at high redshifts and implies no substantial evolution at these luminosities to z=1.3., 15 pages, to appear in the COSMOS Special Issue, ApJS 2007. More information onf XMM-COSMOS project could be found at http://www.mpe.mpg.de/XMMCosmos/

Published
2007
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9. The Design and Delivery of an Astrobiology Massive Open Online Class.

Author

Impey C, Wenger M, and Riabokin X

Subjects
Humans, Educational Measurement, Students, Earth, Planet, Exobiology, Education, Distance
Abstract

MOOCs, or massive open online classes have reached hundreds of millions of people around the world in the past decade with a model of free open access learning. They are an excellent vehicle for delivering science to lifelong learners. Building on experience in designing astronomy MOOCs for Udemy and Coursera, we have created an astrobiology MOOC for Coursera called "Astrobiology: Exploring Other Worlds" that launched in April 2019. As of early 2022, about 9000 people have started the course, and nearly 10% of those have completed it. The average user rating is 4.9 out of 5. The core content is 10 h of video lectures, divided into six modules, which cover the possibilities of life in the Solar System, the search for exoplanets, the concept of habitability, the definition of life and basics of biology, evolution of life on Earth, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Pedagogy was designed around clear learning objectives and includes quizzes, writing assignments, and a final project that draws on all the concepts presented in the course where students design their own mission to characterize exoplanets. In this study, we describe the design, implementation, and subsequent success of our 2019 astrobiology MOOC.

Published
2023
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10. MOOCS and 100 Days of COVID: Enrollment surges in massive open online astronomy classes during the coronavirus pandemic.

Author

Impey C and Formanek M

Abstract

One side-effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been increased enrollment in online classes. The paper explores the surge in activity from March through June 2020 in two massive open online classes (MOOCs) on Astronomy, offered by Coursera and Udemy. The increase in enrollment in both classes was an order of magnitude over the similar time span in previous years. Learners enrolling during the pandemic were more likely to be younger than thirty and less likely to have advanced degrees. A majority were full-time undergraduate students, and relatively few were professionals working in technical fields. The largest number of new students were from India and overall, the biggest surge in enrollment came from people in developing countries, particularly in Asia. Those who enrolled during the pandemic were more likely to take the course to get a certificate or to further their career goals than because they had intrinsic interest in the subject. Social motivations were important, particularly among full-time students in the course. These results, albeit limited to MOOCs in astronomy, suggest that new audiences have been turning to online classes during the pandemic for gaining credentials or advancing their professional skills., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Published
2021
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11. A Survey and Analysis of College Students' Understanding of Planet Formation Before Instruction.

Author

Simon MN, Buxner S, and Impey C

Abstract

The topic of solar system formation has become essential to the teaching of astrobiology due to the discovery of more than 3700 exoplanets, some orbiting within their host star's habitable zone. The architecture of planetary systems is more easily understood when students are able to comprehend how solar systems form. There has yet to be a study that addresses the topic of planet formation at the college level using a large sample of introductory astronomy students. We collected responses from students in 13 introductory astronomy and planetary science courses (n = 1050) at the University of Arizona, who each completed 1 of 6 short-answer questions on the topic of planet formation. The questions were administered on the first day of the Fall 2016 and Spring 2017 semesters before any relevant material was taught. After analyzing their responses, we found that the most common misconception students held was that our Solar System formed as a direct result of the Big Bang, but a substantial percentage of students lacked a more general understanding of fundamental astronomical topics (gravity, definitions of a planet and solar system, density, and the physical processes associated with solar system formation). This lack of foundational knowledge prevented students from explaining and understanding the process of planet formation at a scientific level.

Published
2018
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12. Astrobiology and society: building an interdisciplinary research community.

Author

Race M, Denning K, Bertka CM, Dick SJ, Harrison AA, Impey C, and Mancinelli R

Subjects
Focus Groups, United States, United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exobiology, Interdisciplinary Studies, Research, Societies
Abstract

This paper reports recent efforts to gather experts from the humanities and social sciences along with astrobiologists to consider the cultural, societal, and psychological implications of astrobiology research and exploration. We began by convening a workshop to draft a research roadmap on astrobiology's societal implications and later formed a Focus Group on Astrobiology and Society under the auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). Just as the Astrobiology Science Roadmap and various astrobiology science focus groups have helped researchers orient and understand their work across disciplinary contexts, our intent was to apply the same approach to examine areas beyond the physical and life sciences and expand interdisciplinary interaction and scholarly understanding. These efforts continue as an experiment in progress, with an open invitation to interested researchers-astrobiologists as well as scholars in the humanities and social sciences-to become involved in research, analysis, and proactive discussions concerning the potential impacts of astrobiology on society as well as the possible impacts of society on progress in astrobiology.

Published
2012
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