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Introduction Although vaccination has proven to be one of the most effective public health interventions for disease prevention, a small section of the population presents the so-called ‘vaccine hesitancy’ or vaccination doubts. It would be interesting to know the possible factors related to rejection of vaccination. Material and methods Study of cases and controls in which data have been collected from children registered in the REVA programme in the province of Valladolid with explicit rejection of parents (cases), paired with children of the same age, sex and basic health area that do have been vaccinated (controls). Telephone interview was conducted to obtain sociodemographic factors and opinion on vaccination. Results and discussion A total of 82 children were selected, of whom 30 parents agreed to take to the survey. 55% of them mention the doctor as the main source of vaccination information, which contrasts with the distrust of the detected system. Statistically significant differences in the perception of vaccination side effects between cases and controls and in the different items were observed. Statistically significant association was observed between the use of homeopathy the risk of being a case (OR = 5.75, 95% CI = 1.9 to 17.34). Conclusions Although the number of children not vaccinated by explicit rejection by their parents in Valladolid is very low, it is important to know the reasons for this decision and to make an approach guided by the approach of postures rather than the judgment of values towards these families.

Resumen Introduccion A pesar de que la vacunacion ha demostrado ser una de las intervenciones en salud publica mas eficaz para la prevencion de enfermedades, un pequeno sector de la poblacion presenta el llamado «vaccine hesitancy» o dudas sobre vacunacion. Resultaria interesante conocer los posibles factores relacionados con el rechazo a la vacunacion. Material y metodos Estudio de casos y controles en los que se han recogido datos de ninos y ninas registrados en el programa REVA en la provincia de Valladolid con rechazo explicito de los padres (casos), emparejados con ninos de su misma edad, sexo y zona basica de salud que si han sido vacunados (controles). Se realizo entrevista telefonica para obtener factores sociodemograficos y opinion sobre vacunacion. Resultados y discusion Se seleccionaron un total de 82 ninos y ninas, de los cuales 30 padres aceptaron contestar a la encuesta. El 55% de ellos mencionan como principal fuente de informacion en vacunacion al medico, lo que contrasta con la desconfianza hacia el sistema detectada. Se observaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en la percepcion de los efectos secundarios de la vacunacion entre casos y controles y en los diferentes items. Se observo asociacion estadisticamente significativa entre el uso de homeopatia y el riesgo de ser caso (OR = 5,75, IC 95% = 1,9 a 17,34). Conclusiones A pesar de que es muy bajo el numero de ninos no vacunados por rechazo explicito de sus progenitores en Valladolid, es importante conocer los motivos de esta decision y hacer un abordaje guiado por el acercamiento de posturas en lugar del juicio de valores hacia estas familias.

Three patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were studied. One of them had no past history of relevant infections. The other two presented different degrees of humoral and cellular immunodeficiency and their T cells in vitro showed a defect in regulatory activity of Ig production in PWM stimulated cultures. This defect was not observed in the third patient. All three had normal numbers of B cells, producing normal amounts of Ig in vitro when co-cultured with normal T cells. It is suggested that the immunoregulatory T cell abnormality might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the humoral immunodeficiency.