Search

Abstract Background Pragmatic randomized controlled trials are getting more interest to improve trials’ external validity. This study aimed to assess how pragmatic the design of the self-labelled pragmatic randomised controlled trials in the manual therapy field is. Methods We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for self-labelled pragmatic randomised controlled trials in the manual therapy field until January 2024 were included. Two independent reviewers collected and extracted data related to the intention of the trial, the rationale for the intervention, and specific features of the trial and performed an assessment using the PRECIS-2 tool. Results Of 39 self-labelled pragmatic trials, the mean PRECIS-2 score was 3.5 (SD: 0.6). Choice of outcome measures, how the interventions were performed, the follow-up of the participants and how all the available data were included in the statistical analysis were the domains rated as most ‘pragmatic’. Participants’ eligibility, recruitment, and setting obtained lower scores. Less than 25% of the trials claimed that the aim was to investigate an intervention under real-world conditions and to make clinical decisions about its effectiveness. In the 21% of the sample the authors described neither the proof-of-concept of the intervention nor the state of previous studies addressing related research questions. Conclusions Self-labelled pragmatic randomised controlled trials showed a moderately pragmatic attitude. Beyond the label ‘pragmatic’, the description of the intention of the trial and the context of every PRECIS-2 domain is crucial to understanding the real pragmatism of a trial.

Las residencias de mayores (RM) aunque conceptualmente deben parecerse lo más posible a un hogar, tienen incuestionablemente semejanzas con un nosocomio ya que son lugares donde se acumulan muchos pacientes con enfermedades de base y comorbilidades en las que la trasmisión de microorganismos entre residentes y entre residentes y cuidadores es frecuente. No hemos encontrado recomendaciones específicamente destinadas a la prevención de las infecciones nosocomiales en las RM por parte de las grandes agencias de Salud Pública y por ello, la Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud ha convocado a una serie de expertos y a 14 sociedades científicas españolas a discutir unas recomendaciones que pudieran orientar al personal de las RM a establecer programas escritos para el control y disminución de dichas infecciones. El presente documento es el resultado de dichas deliberaciones y contiene sugerencias para establecer dichos programas de control con carácter voluntario y flexible en las RM. Pretendemos también que el documento pueda ayudar a las autoridades sanitarias a incentivar esta actividad de control en las distintas áreas territoriales de España. A nuestro juicio es necesaria la elaboración de un plan escrito y el establecimiento de la figura de un coordinador o responsable para poner en marcha estos proyectos. El documento incluye medidas a implementar y formas de cuantificar la realidad de distintos problemas y de seguir el impacto de las medidas establecidas.

Objectives: To identify possible predictors of seizure cluster or status epilepticus (SE) and to evaluate whether these patients receive greater interventions in emergency departments. Methodology: We conducted a secondary analysis of the ACESUR Registry, a multipurpose, observational, prospective, multicentre registry of adult patients with seizures from 18 emergency departments. Clinical and care-related variables were collected. We identified risk factors and risk models for seizure cluster or SE and assessed the effect of interventions by prehospital emergency services and the hospital emergency department. Results: We identified a total of 186 (28%) patients from the ACESUR registry with seizure cluster (126 [19%]) or SE (60 [9%]); the remaining 478 patients (72%) had isolated seizures. The risk model for seizure cluster or SE in the emergency department included Charlson Comorbidity Index scores ≥ 3 (OR: 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05–2.46; P = .030), ≥ 2 habitual antiepileptic drugs (OR: 2.29; 95% CI, 1.49–3.51; P

Introduction: Ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia are rare neurodegenerative syndromes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of these disorders in Spain in 2019. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre, retrospective, descriptive study of patients with ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia in Spain between March 2018 and December 2019. Results: We gathered data from a total of 1933 patients from 11 autonomous communities, provided by 47 neurologists or geneticists. Mean (SD) age in our sample was 53.64 (20.51) years; 938 patients were men (48.5%) and 995 were women (51.5%). The genetic defect was unidentified in 920 patients (47.6%). A total of 1371 patients (70.9%) had ataxia and 562 (29.1%) had hereditary spastic paraplegia. Prevalence rates for ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia were estimated at 5.48 and 2.24 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. The most frequent type of dominant ataxia in our sample was SCA3, and the most frequent recessive ataxia was Friedreich ataxia. The most frequent type of dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in our sample was SPG4, and the most frequent recessive type was SPG7. Conclusions: In our sample, the estimated prevalence of ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia was 7.73 cases per 100 000 population. This rate is similar to those reported for other countries. Genetic diagnosis was not available in 47.6% of cases. Despite these limitations, our study provides useful data for estimating the necessary healthcare resources for these patients, raising awareness of these diseases, determining the most frequent causal mutations for local screening programmes, and promoting the development of clinical trials. Resumen: Introducción: Las ataxias (AT) y paraparesias espásticas hereditarias (PEH) son síndromes neurodegenerativos raros. Nos proponemos conocer la prevalencia de las AT y PEH (APEH) en España en 2019. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal, multicéntrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo de los pacientes con AT y PEH, desde Marzo de 2018 a Diciembre de 2019 en toda España. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 1.933 pacientes procedentes de 11 Comunidades Autónomas, de 47 neurólogos o genetistas. Edad media: 53,64 años ± 20,51 desviación estándar (DE); 938 varones (48,5%), 995 mujeres (51,1%). En 920 pacientes (47,6%) no se conoce el defecto genético. Por patologías, 1.371 pacientes (70,9%) diagnosticados de AT, 562 diagnosticados de PEH (29,1%). La prevalencia estimada de AT es 5,48/100.000 habitantes, y la de PEH es 2,24 casos/100.000 habitantes. La AT dominante más frecuente es la SCA3. La AT recesiva más frecuente es la ataxia de Friedreich (FRDA). La PEH dominante más frecuente es la SPG4, y la PEH recesiva más frecuente es la SPG7. Conclusiones: La prevalencia estimada de APEH en nuestra serie es de 7,73 casos/100.000 habitantes. Estas frecuencias son similares a las del resto del mundo. En el 47,6% no se ha conseguido un diagnóstico genético. A pesar de las limitaciones, este estudio puede contribuir a estimar los recursos, visibilizar estas enfermedades, detectar las mutaciones más frecuentes para hacer los screenings por comunidades, y favorecer los ensayos clínicos.

Resume: Introducción: Las ataxias (AT) y paraparesias espásticas hereditarias (PEH) son síndromes neurodegenerativos raros. Nos proponemos conocer la prevalencia de las AT y PEH en España en 2019. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal, multicéntrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo de los pacientes con AT y PEH, desde marzo de 2018 a diciembre de 2019 en toda España. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 1933 pacientes procedentes de 11 Comunidades Autónomas, de 47 neurólogos o genetistas. Edad media: 53,64 años ± 20,51 desviación estándar (DE); 938 varones (48,5%), 995 mujeres (51,5%). En 920 pacientes (47,6%) no se conoce el defecto genético. Por patologías, 1.371 pacientes (70,9%) diagnosticados de AT, 562 diagnosticados de PEH (29,1%). La prevalencia estimada de AT es 5,48/100.000 habitantes, y la de PEH es 2,24 casos/100.000 habitantes. La AT dominante más frecuente es la SCA3. La AT recesiva más frecuente es la ataxia de Friedreich (FRDA). La PEH dominante más frecuente es la SPG4, y la PEH recesiva más frecuente es la SPG7. Conclusiones: La prevalencia estimada de AT y PEH en nuestra serie es de 7,73 casos/100.000 habitantes. Estas frecuencias son similares a las del resto del mundo. En el 47,6% no se ha conseguido un diagnóstico genético. A pesar de las limitaciones, este estudio puede contribuir a estimar los recursos, visibilizar estas enfermedades, detectar las mutaciones más frecuentes para hacer los screenings por comunidades, y favorecer los ensayos clínicos. Abstract: Introduction: Ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia are rare neurodegenerative syndromes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of these disorders in Spain in 2019. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre, retrospective, descriptive study of patients with ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia in Spain between March 2018 and December 2019. Results: We gathered data from a total of 1933 patients from 11 autonomous communities, provided by 47 neurologists or geneticists. Mean (SD) age in our sample was 53.64 (20.51) years; 938 patients were men (48.5%) and 995 were women (51.5%). The genetic defect was unidentified in 920 patients (47.6%). A total of 1371 patients (70.9%) had ataxia and 562 (29.1%) had hereditary spastic paraplegia. Prevalence rates for ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia were estimated at 5.48 and 2.24 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. The most frequent type of dominant ataxia in our sample was SCA3, and the most frequent recessive ataxia was Friedreich ataxia. The most frequent type of dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in our sample was SPG4, and the most frequent recessive type was SPG7. Conclusions: In our sample, the estimated prevalence of ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia was 7.73 cases per 100 000 population. This rate is similar to those reported for other countries. Genetic diagnosis was not available in 47.6% of cases. Despite these limitations, our study provides useful data for estimating the necessary healthcare resources for these patients, raising awareness of these diseases, determining the most frequent causal mutations for local screening programmes, and promoting the development of clinical trials.

Introduction: Little is known about the clinical characteristics of women at increased risk for abnormal uterine bleeding (UB) during anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: We used the RIETE registry to identify the baseline characteristics of women developing abnormal UB during anticoagulation. We used logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors for abnormal UB. Then, we built a prognostic score to identify at-risk women. Results: From March 2001 through October 2022, there were 54,372 women with VTE. During anticoagulation (median, 181 days), 318 (0.6%) developed abnormal UB (major bleeding = 88, clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) = 230). On multivariable analysis, women aged 70 kg, with uterine cancer, recent UB, anemia, estrogen-related VTE, or receiving rivaroxaban or apixaban were at increased risk for abnormal UB. Using the prognostic score, 42,273 women (78%) were at low-risk, 8,828 (16%) intermediate-, and 3,271 (6.1%) at high-risk for abnormal UB. Their rates of abnormal UB were: 0.28 (95%CI: 0.23–0.35), 1.32 (95%CI: 1.07–1.61) and 7.12 (95%CI: 5.98–8.41) bleeds per 100 patient-years, respectively. The c-statistic was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.77–0.83). The rates of major UB were: 0.06 (95%CI: 0.04–0.09), 0.43 (95%CI: 0.30–0.60) and 1.85 (95%CI: 1.31–2.53) per 100 patient-years, respectively (c-statistic: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.80–0.89). The rates of CRNM uterine bleeding were: 0.21 (95%CI: 0.17–0.26), 0.85 (95%CI: 0.65–1.08), and 5.02 (95%CI: 4.09–6.10) bleeds per 100 patient-years, respectively (c-statistic: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.75–0.82). Conclusions: Using 7 variables easily available at admission, we built a prognostic score that reliably identified women with VTE at increased risk for abnormal UB during anticoagulation.

Objectives: This study addresses the survival of consecutive patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) treated at the same institution over a period of 10 years. We analyse the importance of associated factors and the role of salvage surgery at the time of progression. Methods: We retrospectively analysed a series of patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade III/IV gliomas treated between 2008 and 2017 at Hospital Gregorio Marañón (Madrid, Spain). Clinical, radiological, and anatomical pathology data were obtained from patient clinical histories. Results: Follow-up was completed in 233 patients with HGG. Mean age was 62.2 years. The median survival time was 15.4 months. Of 133 patients (59.6%) who had undergone surgery at the time of diagnosis, 43 (32.3%) underwent salvage surgery at the time of progression. This subgroup presented longer overall survival and survival after progression. Higher Karnofsky Performance Status score at diagnosis, a greater extent of surgical resection, and initial diagnosis of WHO grade III glioma were also associated with longer survival. Conclusions: About one-third of patients with HGG may be eligible for salvage surgery at the time of progression. Salvage surgery in this subgroup of patients was significantly associated with longer survival. Resumen: Objetivos: Analizar la supervivencia en el grupo de pacientes con gliomas de alto grado tratados de forma consecutiva en un mismo centro a lo largo de diez años. Establecer la relevancia de los factores asociados y el papel de la cirugía de rescate en el momento de la progresión. Metodos: Fueron analizados de forma retrospectiva los pacientes con gliomas grado III y IV de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) diagnosticados en el Hospital Gregorio Marañón desde el 1 de Enero de 2008 al 31 de Diciembre de 2017. Se obtuvieron de la historia clínica los datos clínicos, radiológicos y anatomopatológicos. Resultados: Se completó el seguimiento en 233 pacientes con diagnóstico de glioma de alto grado (III o IV de la OMS). La edad media fue de 62,2 años. La mediana de supervivencia se situó en 15,4 meses. De los 133 pacientes (59,6%) que habían sido intervenidos mediante cirugía resectiva en el momento del diagnóstico, en 43 (32,3%) se llevó a cabo cirugía de rescate en el momento de la progresión. La supervivencia global, así como la supervivencia tras la progresión resultó mayor en este subgrupo de pacientes. Otras variables relacionadas con una mayor supervivencia fueron la puntuación en la escala de Karnofsky (KPS), el grado de resección quirúrgica (GR) y el diagnóstico inicial de grado III de la OMS. Conclusiones: Alrededor de una tercera parte de los pacientes con gliomas de alto grado pueden ser candidatos a una cirugía de rescate en el momento de la progresión. Ello está asociado a una mayor supervivencia.

Abstract Negative attitudes and prejudices towards people with a mental disorder are common across cultures and societies. The stigma associated with mental illness leads to a lower quality of life, given the discrimination and social exclusion suffered by people with this type of disorder. In the field of health, research has shown that doctors and nurses also manifest these types of stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes. The present study aims to create and apply an educational escape room for the purpose of training nursing students in mental health, promoting positive attitudes towards people who have a mental disorder. To do so, a pre-post study was conducted with an experimental group and a control group to determine whether the escape room was effective for the modification of stigmatizing behaviors compared to transmissive lecture class, and a third measurement was made at 6 months only to the experimental group to evaluate whether the changes produced by the escape room were maintained in the long term. The results indicate that the students participating in the study obtained better scores in sensitization and these remain better over time. It is concluded that the escape room used is suitable for the training and sensitization of future nursing professionals in the field of mental health, facilitating the learning of knowledge and positive attitudes towards severe mental disorder.

Abstract This article describes the setup and performance of the near and far detectors in the Double Chooz experiment. The electron antineutrinos of the Chooz nuclear power plant were measured in two identically designed detectors with different average baselines of about 400 m and 1050 m from the two reactor cores. Over many years of data taking the neutrino signals were extracted from interactions in the detectors with the goal of measuring a fundamental parameter in the context of neutrino oscillation, the mixing angle $$\theta _{13}$$ θ 13 . The central part of the Double Chooz detectors was a main detector comprising four cylindrical volumes filled with organic liquids. From the inside towards the outside there were volumes containing gadolinium-loaded scintillator, gadolinium-free scintillator, a buffer oil and, optically separated, another liquid scintillator acting as veto system. Above this main detector an additional outer veto system using plastic scintillator strips was installed. The technologies developed in Double Chooz were inspiration for several other antineutrino detectors in the field. The detector design allowed implementation of efficient background rejection techniques including use of pulse shape information provided by the data acquisition system. The Double Chooz detectors featured remarkable stability, in particular for the detected photons, as well as high radiopurity of the detector components.

En el presente trabajo se describen los resultados obtenidos de la determinación de algunas actividades enzimáticas y actividad inhibidora de ellas en el molusco Stylocheilus longicauda. Se prepararon extractos acuosos de las diferentes partes del animal (hepatopáncreas, manto, gónadas así como un extracto total). Todos los extractos mostraron actividad proteolítica a todos los valores de pH ensayados. Se detectó también en todos, la presencia de actividad inhibidora de pepsina y bromelina, la que fue más notable en el caso del manto para pepsina, así como actividad acetilcolinesterásica para los extractos de manto y total. No se detectó inhibición para acetilcolinesterasa en ninguno de los extractos ensayados. Por otra parte, el extracto total mostró poseer actividad esterásica y lipásica.

The common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) plays an important role in marine ecosystems and represents a valuable socioeconomic resource for coastal communities. In 2012, the cockle beds from Rı́a de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain) were seriously decimated by the protozoan Marteilia cochillia responsible for marteiliosis. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers potentially associated with resilience to marteiliosis to be used in marker-assisted selection programs for restoring affected cockle beds and recovering their production. For this, we carried out a population genomics approach using 2b-RADseq, where 38 naive samples (before the first detection of M. cochillia in 2012) from two beds of Rı́a de Arousa were compared with 39 affected samples collected in 2018/2019 (after several years of marteiliosis occurring in the area), collected either before (15 non-exposed samples) or during (24 exposed samples) the marteiliosis outbreak. Additionally, 767 differentially expressed genes (DEG) from a previous transcriptomic study addressed during the aforementioned 2018/19 marteiliosis outbreak, were evaluated to identify SNPs showing signals of selection. Using 2b-RADseq, 9,154 SNPs were genotyped and among them, 110 consistent outliers for divergent selection were identified. This set of SNPs was able to discriminate the samples according to their marteiliosis status (naive vs affected; exposed vs non-exposed), while another 123 SNPs were identified linked to DEGs associated with the level of infection across a temporal series. Finally, combining the population genomics and transcriptomics information, we selected the 60 most reliable SNPs associated with marteiliosis resilience. These SNPs were close to or within DEGs, and many of them were related to immune response (phagocytosis and cell adhesion), defence, such as apoptosis, stress, and cellular cycle, among other functions. This set of SNPs will eventually be validated to develop a cost-effective genotyping tool for their application for obtaining cockle-resilient strains for marteiliosis.

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas de ramas pélvicas son una entidad frecuente en ancianos que habitualmente se trata de manera conservadora. La hemorragia intrapélvica es una complicación poco frecuente que puede llegar a comprometer la vida del paciente.El objetivo del estudio es determinar la incidencia y los posibles factores de riesgo de sangrado masivo en fracturas de ramas pélvicas por traumatismos de baja energía en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Caso clínico: Estudio observacional de 142 pacientes mayores de 65 años diagnosticados de fractura de ramas pélvicas. Analizamos edad, sexo, localización anatómica según Nakatani, hemoglobina al ingreso, necesidad de ingreso hospitalario, pruebas complementarias, complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria media. Resultados: Todas aquellas fracturas de ramas ilio e isquiopubianas complicadas con sangrado (4 pacientes) se encontraban en el área I de Nakatani, en íntima relación con la arteria obturatriz, arteria pudenda interna y la temida Corona Mortis. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a embolización supraselectiva para control hemorrágico. Discusión: Un 2,8% de los pacientes con fracturas de ramas pélvicas pueden sufrir una complicación hemorrágica que comprometa su vida. Establecer posibles factores de riesgo como la toma de medicación antiagregante/anticoagulante o la localización anatómica puede ayudarnos a identificar a estos pacientes y llevar a cabo una vigilancia más estrecha. Abstract: Introduction: Pelvic branch fractures are a common feature in old people which are usually treated conservatively. Massive hemorrhage is a strange complication that can compromise the patient's life.The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and possible risk factors of massive arterial injury in fractures of pelvic branches due to low energy trauma in patients over 65 years old. Clinical case: Observational study of 142 patients diagnosed with pelvic branch fracture, We analyzed the age, sex, anatomical location, hemoglobin, need for hospital admission, complementary diagnostic test, complications and hospital stay. Results: All those ilioisquiopubial fractures complicated with massive bleeding (4 patients) were located in the Nakatani area I in close relationship with the obturator artery, internal pudendal artery and the Corona Mortis. All patients needed supraselective embolization for hemorrhagic control. Three of the patients were taking anticoagulants. Discussion: The 2,8% of patients with pelvic branch fractures may suffer a hemorrhagic complication. Be able to establish possible risk factors such a medication or anatomical location can help us identify these patients and carry out closer surveillance.

Abstract We perform a systematic analysis of the $$J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0$$ J / ψ → γ π 0 π 0 and $$\rightarrow \gamma K_S^0 K_S^0$$ → γ K S 0 K S 0 partial waves measured by BESIII. We use a large set of amplitude parametrizations to reduce the model bias. We determine the physical properties of seven scalar and tensor resonances in the 1– $$2.5 \, {\mathrm {GeV}} $$ 2.5 GeV mass range. These include the well known $$f_0(1500)$$ f 0 ( 1500 ) and $$f_0(1710)$$ f 0 ( 1710 ) , that are considered to be the primary glueball candidates. The hierarchy of resonance couplings determined from this analysis favors the latter as the one with the largest glueball component.

Background: Pterin profiles or molecular analyses of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency or tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D) are not always available in low- or middle-income countries, including Mexico, limiting information regarding the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of patients exhibiting BH4D.Objective: To report the genotypes underlying BH4D and the clinical presentation in unrelated Mexican HPA pediatric patients with normal PAH genotypes who attended a single metabolic reference center in Mexico.Methods: Automated Sanger sequencing of the PTS, QDPR, and PCBD1 genes of 14 HPA patients was performed. Predicted effects on protein structure caused by missense variants were assessed by in silico protein modeling.Results and discussion: A high prevalence of BH4D was noted in our HPA cohort (9.8%, N = 14/142). Clinically relevant biallelic genotypes were identified in the PTS (N = 7/14 patients), QDPR (N = 6/14 patients), and PCBD1 (N = 1/14 patients) genes. Four novel QDPR variants [c.714dup or p.(Leu239Thrfs*44), c.106-1G>T or p.(?), c.214G>T or p.(Gly72*), and c.187_189dup or p.(Gln63dup)] were identified. In silico protein modeling of six missense variants of PTS [p.(Thr67Met), p.(Glu81Ala), and p.(Tyr113Cys)], QDPR [p.(Cys161Phe) and p.(Pro172Leu)], and PCBD1 [p.(Glu97Lys)] supports their pathogenicity. Progressive neurological symptoms (mainly intellectual and motor impairment and even death in three patients) were noted in all patients with biallelic QDPR genotypes and in 5/7 patients bearing biallelic PTS genotypes. The single homozygous PCBD1 p.(Glu97Lys) patient remains asymptomatic.Conclusion: A higher proportion of BH4D (9.8 vs. 1%–2% worldwide), attributable to a heterogeneous mutational spectrum and wide clinical presentation, was noted in our Mexican HPA cohort, with the PTS-related HPA disorder being the most frequent. Sequencing-based assays could be a reliable approach for diagnosing BH4D in our population.

Abstract The production of $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $$ η ( ′ ) π pairs constitutes one of the golden channels to search for hybrid exotics, with explicit gluonic degrees of freedom. Understanding the dynamics and backgrounds associated to $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $$ η ( ′ ) π production above the resonance region is required to impose additional constraints to the resonance extraction. We consider the reaction $$\pi ^-p\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )} \pi ^- \,p$$ π - p → η ( ′ ) π - p measured by COMPASS. We show that the data in $$2.4< m_{\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi } < 3.0{\mathrm {\,GeV}} $$ 2.4 < m η ( ′ ) π < 3.0 GeV can be described by amplitudes based on double-Regge exchanges. The angular distribution of the meson pairs, in particular in the $$\eta ' \pi $$ η ′ π channel, can be attributed to flavor singlet exchanges, suggesting the presence of a large gluon content that couples strongly to the produced mesons.

BackgroundPeanut-allergic patients from the Mediterranean region are predominantly sensitized to the lipid transfer protein (LTP) Ara h 9, and the peach LTP Pru p 3 seems to be the primary sensitizer. However, LTP sensitization in peanut allergy is not a predictive marker for clinically relevant symptoms.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify sequential epitopes of IgE and IgG4 from Pru p 3 and Ara h 9 in peach-allergic patients sensitized to peanuts. We also sought to determine the differences in IgE and IgG4 binding between patients who had developed peanut allergy and those tolerating peanuts.MethodsA total of 46 peach-allergic patients sensitized to peanuts were selected. A total of 35 patients were allergic to peanuts (peanut-allergic group) and 11 were tolerant to peanuts (peanut-tolerant group). We measured sIgE and sIgG4 in peanut, peach, and their recombinant allergen (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 8, and Ara h 9) with fluorescence enzyme immunoassay. We examined the IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes using a peptide microarray corresponding to linear sequences of the LTPs Ara h 9 and Pru p 3 with a library of overlapping peptides with a length of 20 amino acids (aa) and an offset of 3 aa.ResultsThe frequency and the intensity of IgE recognition of Ara h 9 and Pru p 3 peptides were higher in the peanut-tolerant group than in the peanut-allergic group. We found four Ara h 9 peptides (p4, p14, p21, and p25) and four Pru p 3 peptides (p1, p3, p21, and p24) with a significantly elevated IgE recognition in peanut-tolerant patients. Only one peptide of Ara h 9 (p4) recognized by IgG4 was significantly elevated in the peanut-tolerant group. The IgG4/IgE ratio of Ara h 9 peptide 4 was significantly higher in peanut-tolerant patients than in peanut-allergic patients, while no significant differences were observed in the IgG4/IgE ratio of this peptide in Pru p 3.ConclusionAlthough we found significant differences in IgE and IgG4 recognition of Ara h 9 and Pru p 3 between peanut-tolerant and peanut-allergic patients (all of whom were allergic to peach), polyclonal IgE peptide recognition of both LTPs was observed in peach-allergic patients tolerating peanuts. However, the IgG4 blocking antibodies against Ara h 9 peptide 4 could provide an explanation for the absence of clinical reactivity in peanut-tolerant peach-allergic patients. Further studies are needed to validate the usefulness of IgG4 antibodies against Ara h 9 peptide 4 for peanut allergy diagnosis.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease that can be caused by a spectrum of genetic variants ranging from low to high penetrance changes, that interact with the environment to determine which individuals will develop the disease. In this study, we sequenced 20 early-onset CRC patients to discover novel genetic variants that could be linked to the prompt disease development. Eight genes, CHAD, CHD1L, ERCC6, IGTB7, PTPN13, SPATA20, TDG and TGS1, were selected and re-sequenced in a further 304 early onset CRC patients to search for rare, high-impact variants. Although we found a recurring truncating variant in the TDG gene shared by two independent patients, the results obtained did not help consolidate any of the candidates as promising CRC predisposing genes. However, we found that potential risk alleles in our extended list of candidate variants have a tendency to appear at higher numbers in younger cases. This supports the idea that CRC onset may be oligogenic in nature and may show molecular heterogeneity. Further, larger and robust studies are thus needed to unravel the genetics behind early-onset CRC development, coupled with novel functional analyses and omic approaches that may offer complementary insight.

Introduction: Pelvic branch fractures are a common feature in old people which are usually treated conservatively. Massive hemorrhage is a strange complication that can compromise the patient's life.The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and possible risk factors of massive arterial injury in fractures of pelvic branches due to low energy trauma in patients over 65 years old. Clinical case: Observational study of 142 patients diagnosed with pelvic branch fracture, We analysed the age, sex, anatomical location, hemoglobin, need for hospital admission, complementary diagnostic test, complications and hospital stay. Results: All those ilioisquiopubial fractures complicated with massive bleeding (4 patients) were located in the Nakatami area I in close relationship with the obturator artery, internal pudendal artery and the Corona Mortis. All patients needed supraselective embolisation for hemorrhagic control. Three of the patients were taking anticoagulants. Discussion: 2.8% of patients with pelvic branch fractures may suffer a hemorrhagic complication. Be able to establish possible risk factors such a medication or anatomical location can help us identify these patients and carry out closer surveillance. Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas de ramas pélvicas son una entidad frecuente en ancianos que habitualmente se trata de manera conservadora. La hemorragia intrapélvica es una complicación poco frecuente que puede llegar a comprometer la vida del paciente.El objetivo del estudio es determinar la incidencia y posibles factores de riesgo de sangrado masivo en fracturas de ramas pélvicas por traumatismos de baja energía en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Caso clínico: Estudio observacional de 142 pacientes mayores de 65 años diagnosticados de fractura de ramas pélvicas. Analizamos edad, sexo, localización anatómica según Nakatami, hemoglobina al ingreso, necesidad de ingreso hospitalario, pruebas complementarias, complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria media. Resultados: Todas aquellas fracturas de ramas ilioisquiopubianas complicadas con sangrado (4 pacientes) se encontraban en el área I de Nakatami, en íntima relación con la arteria obturatriz, arteria pudenda interna y la temida Corona Mortis. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a embolización supraselectiva para control hemorrágico. Discusión: Un 2,8% de los pacientes con fracturas de ramas pélvicas pueden sufrir una complicación hemorrágica que comprometa su vida. Establecer posibles factores de riesgo como la toma de medicación antiagregante/anticoagulante o la localización anatómica puede ayudarnos a identificar a estos pacientes y llevar a cabo una vigilancia más estrecha.

Abstract In light of recent experimental results, we revisit the dispersive analysis of the $$\omega \rightarrow 3\pi $$ ω → 3 π decay amplitude and of the $$\omega \pi ^0$$ ω π 0 transition form factor. Within the framework of the Khuri–Treiman equations, we show that the $$\omega \rightarrow 3\pi $$ ω → 3 π Dalitz-plot parameters obtained with a once-subtracted amplitude are in agreement with the latest experimental determination by BESIII. Furthermore, we show that at low energies the $$\omega \pi ^0$$ ω π 0 transition form factor obtained from our determination of the $$\omega \rightarrow 3\pi $$ ω → 3 π amplitude is consistent with the data from MAMI and NA60 experiments.

Tasas de crecimiento en dos poblaciones naturales de Gasterosteus aculeatus en el noroeste de España: relación con otros parámetros vitales Se analizaron las tasas de crecimiento de dos poblaciones naturales de Galicia (noroeste de España) del pez espinoso Gasterosteus aculeatus, cuyo ciclo biológico es estrictamente anual. Para ello, se utilizó una función no lineal para conjuntos de datos de longitud por edad: el modelo de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy. Estas poblaciones europeas periféricas tienen las tasas de crecimiento más altas (k en el modelo de von Bertalanffy > 0,4 mes–1, en promedio) conocidas para esta especie. A partir de los parámetros del modelo de von Bertalanffy, se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad instantánea y de fecundidad de cada población, y se observó que las tasas de mortalidad de las poblaciones gallegas son de 2 a 2,3 veces superiores a las observadas en general en Gasterosteidae. La combinación de la fertilidad y la mortalidad produjo diferentes valores óptimos intermedios de eficacia biológica para las hembras maduras de cada población. En términos generales, estas diferencias encontradas en rasgos vitales con respecto a otras poblaciones estudiadas de pez espinoso se pueden interpretar como adaptaciones locales a un clima de tipo mediterráneo con un valor alto de grados–día. Por tanto, estas poblaciones situadas en los límites de la zona de distribución de la especie pueden estar localmente adaptadas a condiciones ambientales muy específicas y pueden ser de interés en los ámbitos de la ecología y la conservación.

Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and vascularized brain tumors in adults, with a median survival of 20.9 months. In newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, bevacizumab demonstrated an increase in progression-free survival, but not in overall survival. Methods We conducted an in silico analysis of VEGF expression, in a cohort of 1082 glioma patients. Then, to determine whether appropriate bevacizumab dose adjustment could increase the anti-angiogenic response, we used in vitro and in vivo GBM models. Additionally, we analyzed VEGFA expression in tissue, serum, and plasma in a cohort of GBM patients before and during bevacizumab treatment. Results We identified that 20% of primary GBM did not express VEGFA suggesting that these patients would probably not respond to bevacizumab therapy as we proved in vitro and in vivo. We found that a specific dose of bevacizumab calculated based on VEGFA expression levels increases the response to treatment in cell culture and serum samples from mice bearing GBM tumors. Additionally, in a cohort of GBM patients, we observed a correlation of VEGFA levels in serum, but not in plasma, with bevacizumab treatment performance. Conclusions Our data suggest that bevacizumab dose adjustment could improve clinical outcomes in Glioblastoma treatment.

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with poor outcome, generally characterized by an excessive stroma component. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and reproducible in vitro 3D-assay employing the main constituents of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, namely pancreatic stellate and cancer cells. Method A spheroid assay, directly co-culturing human pancreatic stellate cells with human pancreatic tumour cells in 3D was established and characterized by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. In order to facilitate the cell type-specific crosstalk analysis by real-time RT-PCR, we developed a novel in vitro 3D co-culture model, where the participating cell types were from different species, human and mouse, respectively. Using species-specific PCR primers, we were able to investigate the crosstalk between stromal and cancer cells without previous cell separation and sorting. Results We found clear evidence for mutual influence, such as increased proliferation and a shift towards a more mesenchymal phenotype in cancer cells and an activation of pancreatic stellate cells towards the myofibroblast phenotype. Using a heterospecies approach, which we coined virtual sorting, confirmed the findings we made initially in the human-human spheroids. Conclusions We developed and characterized different easy to set up 3D models to investigate the crosstalk between cancer and stroma cells for pancreatic cancer.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be a useful continuous, non-invasive technique for monitoring the effect of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) fluctuations in the cerebral circulation during ventilation. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of NIRS to detect acute changes in cerebral blood flow following PaCO2 fluctuations after confirming the autoregulation physiology in piglets. Fourteen piglets (

Introduction: According to numerous studies, using emergency medical services (EMS) to transport stroke patients to hospitals decreases diagnostic and treatment delays. Objectives: To determine the frequency of use of EMS by stroke patients in Bizkaia (Spain), analyse the factors associated with using EMS, and study the impact of EMS on time to care. Methods: We gathered data from 545 patients hospitalised for acute ischaemic stroke and recruited consecutively. Data were obtained from the patients’ medical histories and interviews with the patients themselves or their companions. We studied the following variables: previous health status, stroke symptoms and severity (NIHSS), type of transport, and time to medical care. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with use of EMS and care delays. Results: Patients transported to hospital by the EMS accounted for 47.2% of the total. Greater stroke severity, arriving at the hospital at night, and poor functional status at baseline were found to be independently associated with use of EMS. Use of EMS was linked to earlier arrival at the hospital. Door-to-imaging times were shorter in the EMS group; however, this association disappeared after adjusting for stroke severity. Revascularisation was more frequent among patients transported by the EMS. Conclusions: EMS transport was associated with shorter prehospital delays. Effective health education programmes should be developed to promote EMS transport for patients with stroke symptoms. In-hospital stroke management should also be improved to reduce time to medical care. Resumen: Introducción: Numerosos estudios han establecido que el traslado al hospital de los pacientes con ictus por los servicios de transporte sanitario urgente (TSU) implica demoras menores hasta el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de uso de TSU por los pacientes con ictus en Bizkaia (España), qué factores se asocian con el mismo y el impacto del medio de transporte en los tiempos de atención. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos de 545 pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo hospitalizados y reclutados consecutivamente. Se obtuvieron datos por entrevista a pacientes o acompañantes y de historia clínica. Se estudiaron variables sobre situación previa, síntomas y gravedad (NIHSS) del ictus, modalidad de traslado y tiempos de atención. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados para identificar factores asociados al uso de TSU y con las demoras. Resultados: El 47,2% de los pacientes llegaron al hospital trasladados por TSU. Una mayor gravedad del ictus, la llegada al hospital en horario nocturno y un peor estado funcional previo resultaron asociados de forma independiente con el TSU. El TSU se asoció a una llegada más precoz al hospital. La demora puerta-imagen fue menor en el grupo TSU, pero la asociación desapareció al ajustar por gravedad. La revascularización fue más frecuente entre los trasladados por TSU. Conclusiones: El TSU se asoció a menor demora prehospitalaria. Es necesario desarrollar programas efectivos de educación sanitaria para incrementar el uso de TSU ante los síntomas del ictus. Debe mejorarse la gestión intrahospitalaria del ictus para reducir los tiempos de atención. Keywords: Stroke, Emergency medical services, Stroke symptoms, Stroke management, In-hospital delay, Code stroke, Palabras clave: Ictus, Servicios de emergencias médicas, Síntomas de ictus, Atención al ictus, Demora intrahospitalaria, Código ictus

Resumen: Introducción: Numerosos estudios han establecido que el traslado al hospital de los pacientes con ictus por los servicios de transporte sanitario urgente (TSU) implica demoras menores hasta el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de uso de TSU por los pacientes con ictus en Bizkaia (España), qué factores se asocian con el mismo y el impacto del medio de transporte en los tiempos de atención. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos de 545 pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo hospitalizados y reclutados consecutivamente. Se obtuvieron datos por entrevista a pacientes o acompañantes y de historia clínica. Se estudiaron variables sobre situación previa, síntomas y gravedad (NIHSS) del ictus, modalidad de traslado y tiempos de atención. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados para identificar factores asociados al uso de TSU y con las demoras. Resultados: El 47,2% de los pacientes llegaron al hospital trasladados por TSU. Una mayor gravedad del ictus, la llegada al hospital en horario nocturno y un peor estado funcional previo resultaron asociados de forma independiente con el TSU. El TSU se asoció a una llegada más precoz al hospital. La demora puerta-imagen fue menor en el grupo TSU, pero la asociación desapareció al ajustar por gravedad. La revascularización fue más frecuente entre los trasladados por TSU. Conclusiones: El TSU se asoció a menor demora prehospitalaria. Es necesario desarrollar programas efectivos de educación sanitaria para incrementar el uso de TSU ante los síntomas del ictus. Debe mejorarse la gestión intrahospitalaria del ictus para reducir los tiempos de atención. Abstract: Introduction: According to numerous studies, using emergency medical services (EMS) to transport stroke patients to hospitals decreases diagnostic and treatment delays. Objectives: To determine the frequency of use of EMS by stroke patients in Bizkaia (Spain), analyse the factors associated with using EMS, and study the impact of EMS on time to care. Methods: We gathered data from 545 patients hospitalised for acute ischaemic stroke and recruited consecutively. Data were obtained from the patients’ medical histories and interviews with the patients themselves or their companions. We studied the following variables: previous health status, stroke symptoms and severity (NIHSS), type of transport, and time to medical care. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with use of EMS and care delays. Results: Patients transported to hospital by the EMS accounted for 47.2% of the total. Greater stroke severity, arriving at the hospital at night, and poor functional status at baseline were found to be independently associated with use of EMS. Use of EMS was linked to earlier arrival at the hospital. Door-to-imaging times were shorter in the EMS group; however, this association disappeared after adjusting for stroke severity. Revascularisation was more frequent among patients transported by the EMS. Conclusions: EMS transport was associated with shorter prehospital delays. Effective health education programmes should be developed to promote EMS transport for patients with stroke symptoms. In-hospital stroke management should also be improved to reduce time to medical care. Palabras clave: Ictus, Servicios de emergencias médicas, Síntomas de ictus, Atención al ictus, Demora intrahospitalaria, Código ictus, Keywords: Stroke, Emergency medical services, Stroke symptoms, Stroke management, In-hospital delay, Code stroke

En este trabajo se propone una estrategia de control en lazo cerrado para el seguimiento de perfiles óptimos previamente definidos para un bioproceso fed-batch. La mayor ventaja de este enfoque es que las acciones de control se calculan resolviendo un sistema de ecuaciones lineales, sin tener que linealizar el modelo matemático, lo que permite trabajar en cualquier rango. Además, se plantean tres técnicas para la sintonización de los parámetros del controlador diseñado. Primero se propone un método de Monte Carlo, el cual es un método probabilístico. En segundo lugar, se presenta una metodología basada en Algoritmos Genéticos, una técnica evolutiva de optimización. La tercera alternativa es el desarrollo de un Algoritmo Híbrido, diseñado a partir de la combinación de los dos métodos anteriores. En todos los casos, el objetivo es encontrar los parámetros del controlador que minimicen el error total de seguimiento de trayectorias. El desempeño del controlador se evalúa a través de simulaciones en condiciones normales de operación y frente a incertidumbre paramétrica, empleando los parámetros del controlador obtenidos.

Abstract Further progress in hadron spectroscopy necessitates the phenomenological description of three particle reactions. We consider the isobar approximation, where the connected part of the $$\mathbf {3}\rightarrow \mathbf {3}$$ 3→3 amplitude is first expressed as a sum over initial and final pairs, and then expanded into a truncated partial wave series. The resulting unitarity equation is automatically fulfilled by the B-matrix solution, which is an integral equation for the partial wave amplitudes, analogous to the K-matrix parameterization used to describe $$\mathbf {2}\rightarrow \mathbf {2}$$ 2→2 amplitudes. We study the one particle exchange and how its analytic structure impacts rescattering solutions such as the triangle diagram. The analytic structure is compared to other parameterizations discussed in the literature. We briefly discuss the analogies with recent formalisms for extracting $$\mathbf {3}\rightarrow \mathbf {3}$$ 3→3 scattering amplitudes in lattice QCD.

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09420-1

Dopamine and its 5 receptors, which are grouped into two families (D1-like and D2-like), modulate functions at a systemic level in both the central nervous system and periphery. The central nervous system and the immune system are the main adaptive systems, which participate in a continuous and functional crosstalk to guarantee homeostasis. On binding to its 5 dopamine receptors, dopamine acts as a co-regulator of the immune system, contributing to the interaction of the central nervous system and inflammatory events and as a source of communication between the different immune cells. Dopaminergic perturbations in the central nervous system are observed in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders with a poorly understood pathoaetiology that includes genetic and environmental components that promote alterations in the dopaminergic system. Interestingly, abnormalities in dopamine receptors expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients have been reported, often significantly correlating with the severity of the psychotic illness. Here, we review the current literature regarding the dopaminergic system in human lymphocytes and its alterations in schizophrenia.

Background: In 2018, the World Health Organization proposed a new diagnosis entitled Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) in the ICD-11. It is a diagnosis that encompasses the classic symptoms of PTSD, along with symptoms of disturbances in self-organization (DSO). Although this disorder has been studied in several countries and populations, research on the population of women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) is scarce. Objectives: 1) To analyse the prevalence of CPTSD and PTSD according to ICD-11 criteria; 2) To analyse the associations between CPTSD symptomatology and severity of violence, level of fear, resilience and strategies of emotion regulation; 3) To analyse which risk factors (severity of violence, level of fear, resilience and strategies of emotion regulation) may differ between female survivors with CPTSD or PTSD. Method: 162 women IPV survivors who completed a socio-demographic and violence-related interview, as well as questionnaires to assess PTSD and CPTSD, severity of violence, resilience and emotion regulation strategies. Results: The results showed a higher prevalence of CPTSD (39.50%), compared to PTSD (17.90%). Moreover, a high level of fear was related to re-experiencing in the here and now, avoidance, current sense of threat and disturbances in relationships. Low levels of resilience and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as expressive suppression were related to affective dysregulation, negative self-concept and disturbances in relationships. Finally, the results showed that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies differentiated between meeting CPTSD and PTSD criteria in women survivors of IPV. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that CPTSD was twice as prevalent as PTSD within the sample. Moreover, maladaptive emotion regulation strategy as expressive suppression was the main variable related to experiencing CPTSD, in contrast to PTSD. These findings may have important implications for the design of specific treatments aimed at women survivors of IPV, who also suffer CPTSD.

Background: The use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for long-term therapy of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients without cancer has not been consistently evaluated. Methods: We used the data in the RIETE registry to compare the 3-month outcomes (VTE recurrences, major bleeding or death) in non-cancer patients with VTE, according to long-term therapy with LMWH or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Results: As of March 2018, 14,582 non-cancer patients with VTE had received initial therapy with LMWH and then switched to VKAs, while 9151 were prescribed LMWH for initial and long-term therapy. Overall, 11,494 had initially presented with pulmonary embolism (PE) and 12,239 with isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Among 11,494 patients initially presenting with PE, 84 had VTE recurrences, 204 major bleeding and 406 died. Among 12,239 patients with isolated DVT, 133 developed VTE recurrences, 137 bled and 289 died. On propensity score analysis, PE patients on long-term LMWH therapy were at increased risk for PE recurrences (OR: 3.30; 95%CI: 1.67–6.48), major bleeding (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.21–2.32) or death (OR: 3.16; 95%CI: 2.43–4.09) compared with those receiving VKAs. In patients with DVT, those on long-term LMWH also were at increased risk for PE recurrences (OR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.13–4.73), major bleeding (OR 2.28; 95%CI: 1.51–3.44) or death (OR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.54–3.51). Conclusions: In the RIETE non-cancer patients with VTE, long-term therapy with VKAs was associated with a lower risk for recurrences, major bleeding or death.

El análisis de las respuestas de los ecosistemas a cambios medioambientales es un reto científico debido a la complejidad de procesos naturales interrelacionados actuando a distintas escalas temporales y espaciales. Las variaciones climáticas que se registran a lo largo de una transecta longitudinal en la provincia de Neuquén quedan reflejadas en dos grandes macro-regiones homogéneas (Andina y Extraandina) con sus respectivas subregiones. Estas diferencias pueden manifestar cambios significativos en la flora, vegetación y productividad primaria de la vegetación. Los mallines son considerados elementos claves en los sistemas productivos ganaderos patagónicos y la intensificación de su uso, sin un manejo sustentable, ha provocado un deterioro considerable del recurso produciéndose la pérdida del mismo. El resultado de la conjunción de los factores clima, sustrato, topografía y acción antrópica define la vegetación actual o real del sistema independientemente de los factores que han condicionado su establecimiento y permanencia. Conocer la composición florística, vegetación y producción de forraje en los “mallines” distribuidos en el gradiente longitudinal este-oeste neuquino permitiría hacer un uso apropiado del recurso y mantener un desarrollo sostenido de éste a lo largo de los años. El objetivo general de este estudio fue realizar una exploración de la variabilidad que pueden presentar los mallines bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales y estimar en forma indirecta el forraje producido.

The main objective of this study was to develop a dynamic energy balance model for dairy goats to describe and quantify energy partitioning between energy used for work (milk) and that lost to the environment. Increasing worldwide concerns regarding livestock contribution to global warming underscore the importance of improving energy efficiency utilization in dairy goats by reducing energy losses in feces, urine and methane (CH4). A dynamic model of CH4 emissions from experimental energy balance data in goats is proposed and parameterized (n = 48 individual animal observations). The model includes DM intake, NDF and lipid content of the diet as explanatory variables for CH4 emissions. An additional data set (n = 122 individual animals) from eight energy balance experiments was used to evaluate the model. The model adequately (root MS prediction error, RMSPE) represented energy in milk (E-milk; RMSPE = 5.6%), heat production (HP; RMSPE = 4.3%) and CH4 emissions (E-CH4; RMSPE = 11.9%). Residual analysis indicated that most of the prediction errors were due to unexplained variations with small mean and slope bias. Some mean bias was detected for HP (1.12%) and E-CH4 (1.27%) but was around zero for E-milk (0.14%). The slope bias was zero for HP (0.01%) and close to zero for E-milk (0.10%) and E-CH4 (0.22%). Random bias was >98% for E-CH4, HP and E-milk, indicating non-systematic errors and that mechanisms in the model are properly represented. As predicted energy increased, the model tended to underpredict E-CH4 and E-milk. The model is a first step toward a mechanistic description of nutrient use by goats and is useful as a research tool for investigating energy partitioning during lactation. The model described in this study could be used as a tool for making enteric CH4 emission inventories for goats.

Abstract We discuss the differences between several partial-wave analysis formalisms used in the construction of three-body decay amplitudes involving fermions. Specifically, we consider the decay $$\Lambda _b \rightarrow \psi \,p K^-$$ Λb→ψpK- , where the hidden charm pentaquark signal has been reported. We analyze the analytical properties of the amplitudes and separate kinematical and dynamical singularities. The result is an amplitude with the minimal energy dependence compatible with the S-matrix principles.

Abstract The Khuri–Treiman formalism models the partial-wave expansion of a scattering amplitude as a sum of three individual truncated series, capturing the low-energy dynamics of the direct and cross channels. We cast this formalism into dispersive equations to study $$\pi \pi $$ ππ scattering, and compare their expressions and numerical output to the Roy and GKPY equations. We prove that the Khuri–Treiman equations and Roy equations coincide when both are truncated to include only S- and P-waves. When higher partial waves are included, we find an excellent agreement between the Khuri–Treiman and the GKPY results. This lends credence to the notion that the Khuri–Treiman formalism is a reliable low-energy tool for studying hadronic reaction amplitudes.

We present a new amplitude analysis of the ηπ D-wave in the reaction π−p→ηπ−p measured by COMPASS. Employing an analytical model based on the principles of the relativistic S-matrix, we find two resonances that can be identified with the a2(1320) and the excited a2′(1700), and perform a comprehensive analysis of their pole positions. For the mass and width of the a2 we find M=(1307±1±6) MeV and Γ=(112±1±8) MeV, and for the excited state a2′ we obtain M=(1720±10±60) MeV and Γ=(280±10±70) MeV, respectively.

Hybrid/exotic meson spectroscopy searches at Jefferson Lab require the accurate theoretical description of the production mechanism in peripheral photoproduction. We develop a model for πΔ photoproduction at high energies (5≤Elab≤16 GeV) that incorporates both the absorbed pion and natural-parity cut contributions. We fit the available observables, providing a good description of the energy and angular dependencies of the experimental data. We also provide predictions for the photon beam asymmetry of charged pions at Elab=9 GeV which is expected to be measured by GlueX and CLAS12 experiments in the near future.

Abstract Hadron decay chains constitute one of the main sources of information on the QCD spectrum. We discuss the differences between several partial wave analysis formalisms used in the literature to build the amplitudes. We match the helicity amplitudes to the covariant tensor basis. Hereby, we pay attention to the analytical properties of the amplitudes and separate singularities of kinematical and dynamical nature. We study the analytical properties of the spin-orbit (LS) formalism, and some of the covariant tensor approaches. In particular, we explicitly build the amplitudes for the $$B\rightarrow \psi \pi K$$ B→ψπK and $$B\rightarrow \bar{D}\pi \pi $$ B→D¯ππ decays, and show that the energy dependence of the covariant approach is model dependent. We also show that the usual recursive construction of covariant tensors explicitly violates crossing symmetry, which would lead to different resonance parameters extracted from scattering and decay processes.

El objetivo de este estudio de simulación fue evaluar la respuesta productiva, económica, emisión de metano y el valor marginal del agregado de alimento extra (VMA) en diferentes sistemas la cría vacuna de Bahía Blanca y Coronel Rosales. Se utilizó información regional y un modelo de simulación dinámico bioeconómico y ambiental (SIMUGAN) para evaluar cuatro planteos ganaderos basados en la incorporación tecnológica de pasturas perennes y prácticas de manejo como el tipo de destete: Tradicional (Trad), Transicional 1 (Trans1), Transicional 2 (Trans2) y Tecnificado (Tecn). El aumento en productividad se asoció positivamente con el margen bruto MB($/ha)=-1488,6+30,2 x producción de carne kg/ha/año, R2 0,99 y con menor intensidad de emisión de metano IMC(kgCH4CO2-e/kg peso vivo producido)=20,4-0,1x producción de carne, R2 0,98. El VMA ($/KgMS/ha), en calidad de indicador sistémico de oportunidades de suplementación estratégica, fueron mayores en los planteos Trad y Trans1 que en Trans2 y Tecn. En líneas generales, los distintos planteos simulados presentaron un mayor VMA durante las estaciones de invierno y primavera por sobre la distribución anual de alimento extra. El presente análisis integral permitió identificar y cuantificar oportunidades de mejora en la productividad de estos sistemas incorporando pasturas permanentes.

Evaluar y cartografiar la severidad del fuego después de incendios forestales se ha convertido en una tarea esencial para abordar la rehabilitación urgente de áreas quemadas y mejorar la planificación de la gestión postincendio. Aunque en Galicia se produce el mayor número de incendios forestales en España, la información sobre la estimación de la severidad del fuego mediante índices de teledetección es escasa. En este estudio se comparan, por primera vez en esta región, las capacidades de dNBR (differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) y RdNBR (Relative difference Normalized Burn Ratio), obtenidos de imágenes Landsat 8, para el testado de dichos índices con mediciones de severidad del fuego en campo, siguiendo el protocolo de CBI (Composite Burn Index), en el incendio de Oia-O Rosal (Pontevedra) ocurrido en 2013. Los modelos desarrollados para estimar dNBR y RdNBR en función del CBI fueron similares, con un porcentaje de variabilidad explicada de un 69% y 73%, respectivamente. Estos modelos permitieron obtener unos nuevos intervalos de las clases de severidad de dNBR y RdNBR para el área incendiada. Aunque los dos índices tuvieron valores de precisión conjunta relativamente altos y semejantes (75% y 83%, respectivamente) para clasificar las áreas afectadas por diferentes niveles de severidad, RdNBR mostró una ligera ventaja sobre dNBR. Además, el mapa de severidad basado en dNBR presentó menos superficie quemada con alta severidad, en comparación con RdNBR, y lo contrario para moderada severidad. Con esta información se dispone de una primera herramienta para abordar la evaluación de las pautas espaciales de severidad en incendios de Galicia, aunque será necesario contar con nuevos datos antes de disponer de una herramienta operativa.

We show that, in the Regge limit, beam asymmetries in η and η′ photoproduction are sensitive to hidden strangeness components. Under reasonable assumptions about the couplings we estimate the contribution of the ϕ Regge pole, which is expected to be the dominant hidden strangeness contribution. The ratio of the asymmetries in η′ and η production is estimated to be close to unity in the forward region 0

The microscopic nature of the XYZ states remains an unsettled topic. We show how a thorough amplitude analysis of the data can help constraining models of these states. Specifically, we consider the case of the Zc(3900) peak and discuss possible scenarios of a QCD state, virtual state, or a kinematical enhancement. We conclude that current data are not precise enough to distinguish between these hypotheses, however, the method we propose, when applied to the forthcoming high-statistics measurements should shed light on the nature of these exotic enhancements.

In view of the recent high-statistic KLOE data for the η→π+π−π0 decay, a new determination of the quark mass double ratio has been done. Our approach relies on a dispersive model that takes into account rescattering effects between three pions via subenergy unitarity. The latter is essential to reproduce the Dalitz plot distribution. A simultaneous description of the KLOE and WASA-at-COSY data is achieved in terms of just two real parameters. From a global fit, we determine Q=21.6±1.1. The predicted slope parameter for the neutral channel α=−0.025±0.004 is in reasonable agreement with the PDG average value.