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Context. Star-forming molecular clouds are characterised by the ubiquity of intertwined filaments. The filaments have been observed in both high- and low-mass star-forming regions, and they are thought to split into collections of sonic fibres. The locations where filaments converge are termed hubs, and these are associated with the young stellar clusters. However, the observations of filamentary structures within hubs at distances of 75–300 pc require a high angular resolution Aims. The integral shaped filament (ISF) of the Orion A molecular cloud is noted for harbouring several hubs within which no filamentary structures have been observed so far. The goal of our study is to investigate the nature of the filamentary structures within one of these hubs, which is the chemically rich hub OMC-2 FIR 4, and to analyse their emission with high density and shock tracers. Methods. We observed the OMC-2 FIR 4 proto-cluster using Band 6 of the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array (ALMA) in Cycle 4 with an angular resolution of ~0.26″ (100 au). We analysed the spatial distribution of dust, the shock tracer SiO, and dense gas tracers (i.e., CH3OH, CS, and H13CN). We also studied the gas kinematics using SiO and CH3OH maps. Results. Our observations for the first time reveal interwoven filamentary structures within OMC-2 FIR 4 that are probed by several tracers. Each filamentary structure is characterised by a distinct velocity as seen from the emission peak of CH3OH lines. They also show transonic and supersonic motions. SiO is associated with filaments and also with multiple bow-shock features. The bow-shock features have sizes between ~500 and 2700 au and are likely produced by the outflow from HOPS-370. Their dynamical ages are Conclusions. Our study unveiled the previously unresolved filamentary structures as well as the shocks within OMC-2 FIR 4. The kinematics of the filamentary structures might be altered by external and/or internal mechanisms such as the wind from H II regions, the precessing jet from the protostellar source HOPS-370, or the jet from VLA 15. While the complexity of the region, coupled with the limited number of molecular lines in our dataset, makes any clear association with these mechanisms challenging, our study shows that multi-scale observations of these regions are crucial for understanding the accretion processes and flow of material that shape star formation.

Context. Protostellar jets are an important agent of star formation feedback, tightly connected with the mass-accretion process. The history of jet formation and mass ejection provides constraints on the mass accretion history and on the nature of the driving source. Aims. We characterize the time-variability of the mass-ejection phenomena at work in the class 0 protostellar phase in order to better understand the dynamics of the outflowing gas and bring more constraints on the origin of the jet chemical composition and the mass accretion history. Methods. Using the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer, we have observed the emission of the CO 2–1 and SO NJ = 54–43 rotational transitions at an angular resolution of 1.0 00 (820 au) and 0.400 (330 au), respectively, toward the intermediate mass class 0 protostellar system Cep E. Results. The CO high-velocity jet emission reveals a central component of ≤400 au diameter associated with high-velocity molecular knots that is also detected in SO, surrounded by a collimated layer of entrained gas. The gas layer appears to be accelerated along the main axis over a length scale δ0 ∼ 700 au, while its diameter gradually increases up to several 1000 au at 2000 au from the protostar. The jet is fragmented into 18 knots of mass ∼10−3 M, unevenly distributed between the northern and southern lobes, with velocity variations up to 15 km s−1 close to the protostar. This is well below the jet terminal velocities in the northern (+65 km s−1) and southern (-125 km s-1)lobes. The knot interval distribution is approximately bimodal on a timescale of ∼50–80 yr, which is close to the jet driving protostar Cep E-A and ∼150−20 yr at larger distances >1200. The mass-loss rates derived from knot masses are steady overall, with values of 2.7 x 10−5 M yr−1 and 8.9 x 10−6 M yr−1 in the northern and southern lobe, respectively. Conclusions. The interaction of the ambient protostellar material with high-velocity knots drives the formation of a molecular layer around the jet. This accounts for the higher mass-loss rate in the northern lobe. The jet dynamics are well accounted for by a simple precession model with a period of 2000 yr and a mass-ejection period of 55 yr. © Authors 2022 741002; National Science Foundation, NSF: AST-2102405; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 811312; European Research Council, ERC; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: FEUZ-2020-0038; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS; Ural Federal University, UrFU interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). AS, BL, PR-RO, acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 811312 for the project “Astro-Chemical Origins” (ACO) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program for the Project “The Dawn of Organic Chemistry” (DOC) grant agreement No 741002. DSC is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-2102405. A.V. and A.P. are the members of the Max Planck Partner Group at the Ural Federal University. A.P. and A.V. acknowledge the support of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education via the State Assignment Contract no. FEUZ-2020-0038. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). AS, BL, PR-RO, acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 811312 for the project "Astro-Chemical Origins" (ACO) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program for the Project "The Dawn of Organic Chemistry" (DOC) grant agreement No 741002. DSC is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-2102405. A.V. and A.P. are the members of the Max Planck Partner Group at the Ural Federal University. A.P. and A.V. acknowledge the support of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education via the State Assignment Contract no. FEUZ-2020-0038.

Cet article est centré sur l’analyse de filtres garnis de fragments de coco utilisés en France en assainissement non collectif. La qualité des rejets des trois dispositifs développés (V0, V1 et V2) mesurée en conditions de plateforme d’essais et in situ est comparée. Des études précédentes utilisant une méthodologie d’analyse similaire ont qualifié d’« acceptable » la qualité des rejets in situ de V0 et V2 mais pas celle de V1. L’objectif est d’évaluer l’impact des évolutions techniques (matériau filtrant, surface réduite et distribution) sur les différences observées et de déterminer comment les performances sur plateforme peuvent prédire ces résultats de terrain. Tant pour les résultats recueillis sur plateforme qu’ in situ, les outils statistiques déployés concluent que les meilleures qualités de rejet sont obtenues avec le dispositif V0 et les moins bonnes avec le dispositif V1, le dispositif V2 étant intermédiaire. La comparaison entre la qualité des eaux usées brutes utilisées sur plateforme et celle observée in situ montre des différences de concentrations, mais des charges organiques appliquées plutôt homogènes. Ainsi, il est possible de déterminer les rendements requis sur plateforme, assurant l’atteinte des exigences de rejets in situ. L’article fournit des valeurs de rendement applicables aux dispositifs de configuration équivalente. La distribution améliorée à l’aide de l’auget bidirectionnel explique en partie les meilleures performances de V0 et V2 comparativement à V1. Les diminutions des surfaces de filtration n’ont pas d’impact sur les abattements de composés carbonés. Enfin, bien que sur plateforme les charges surfaciques journalières en azote Kjeldahl (NK) soient plus grandes qu’en conditions in situ, ce type d’essais ne permet pas d’apprécier le vieillissement des dispositifs par l’analyse des différentes concentrations azotées du rejet. La poursuite du suivi in situ apparaît donc pertinente.

The study of the early phases of star and planet formation is important to understand the physical and chemical history of stellar systems such as our own. In particular, protostars born in rich clusters are prototypes of the young Solar System. In the framework of the Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS) large observational project, the aim of the present work is to investigate the origin of the previously inferred high flux of energetic particles in the protocluster FIR4 of the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 (OMC-2), which appears asymmetric within the protocluster itself. Interferometric observations carried out with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer were used to map the silicon monoxide (SiO) emission around the FIR4 protocluster. Complementary archival data from the ALMA interferometer were also employed to help constrain excitation conditions. A physical-chemical model was implemented to characterise the particle acceleration along the protostellar jet candidate, along with a non-LTE analysis of the SiO emission along the jet. The emission morphology of the SiO rotational transitions hints for the first time at the presence of a collimated jet originating very close to the brightest protostar in the cluster, HOPS-108. The NOEMA observations unveiled a possible jet in the OMC-2 FIR4 protocluster propagating towards a previously measured enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate. This suggests that energetic particle acceleration by the jet shock close to the protostar might be at the origin of the enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate, as confirmed by modelling the protostellar jet., 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publications in A&A

La thérapie cognitive et comportementale est particulièrement adaptée au contexte de la douleur chronique et à ses retentissements. Ses objectifs portent sur une meilleure gestion de la vie avec la douleur avec des stratégies adaptées pour y faire face, et sur le maintien de l’estime de soi et d’une vie qui a du sens. Réinvestir le quotidien, tout en tenant compte de la douleur, est essentiel. Le thérapeute s’appuie sur les principes de l’activation comportementale : faire progressivement, planifier concrètement et identifier les obstacles potentiels tels que la peur et la colère.

Context. Deuteration is a precious tool for investigating the origin and formation routes of interstellar complex organic molecules in the different stages of the star formation process. Methyl cyanide (CH3CN) is one of the most abundant interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs); it is of particular interest because it is among the very few iCOMs detected not only around protostars but also in protoplanetary disks. However, its formation pathways are not well known and only a few measurements of its deuterated isotopologue (CH2DCN) have been made to date. Aims. We studied the line emission from CH3CN and its deuterated isotopologue CH2DCN towards the prototypical Class I object SVS13-A, where the deuteration of a large number of species has already been reported. Our goal is to measure the CH3CN deuteration in a Class I protostar, for the first time, in order to constrain the CH3CN formation pathways and the chemical evolution from the early prestellar core and Class 0 to the evolved Class I stages. Methods. We imaged CH2DCN towards SVS13-A using the IRAM NOEMA interferometer at 3mm in the context of the Large Program SOLIS (with a spatial resolution of 1″.8 × 1″.2). The NOEMA images were complemented by the CH3CN and CH2DCN spectra collected by the IRAM-30m Large Program ASAI, which provided an unbiased spectral survey at 3 mm, 2 mm, and 1.3 mm. The observed line emission was analysed using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE large velocity gradient (LVG) approaches. Results. The NOEMA/SOLIS images of CH2DCN show that this species emits in an unresolved area centred towards the SVS13-A continuum emission peak, suggesting that methyl cyanide and its isotopologues are associated with the hot corino of SVS13-A, previously imaged via other iCOMs. In addition, we detected 41 and 11 ASAI transitions of CH3CN and CH2DCN, respectively, which cover upper level energies (Eup) from 13 to 442 K and from 18 K to 200 K. The non-LTE LVG analysis of the CH3CN lines points to a kinetic temperature of (140 ± 20) K, a gas density nH2 ≥ 107 cm−3, and an emitting size of ~0″.3, in agreement with the hypothesis that CH3CN lines are emitted in the SVS13-A hot corino. The derived [CH2DCN]/[CH3CN] ratio is ~9%. This value is consistent with those measured towards prestellar cores and a factor 2–3 higher than those measured in Class 0 protostars. Conclusions. Contrarily to what expected for other molecular species, the CH3CN deuteration does not show a decrease in SVS13-A with respect to measurements in younger prestellar cores and Class 0 protostars. Finally, we discuss why our new results suggest that CH3CN was likely synthesised via gas-phase reactions and frozen onto the dust grain mantles during the cold prestellar phase.

Bianchi, E. et al., The study of hot corinos in solar-like protostars has been so far mostly limited to the Class 0 phase, hampering our understanding of their origin and evolution. In addition, recent evidence suggests that planet formation starts already during Class I phase, which therefore represents a crucial step in the future planetary system chemical composition. Hence, the study of hot corinos in Class I protostars has become of paramount importance. Here, we report the discovery of a hot corino towards the prototypical Class I protostar L1551 IRS5, obtained within the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Large Program FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar-like protostars).We detected several lines from methanol and its isotopologues (13CH3OH and CH2DOH), methyl formate, and ethanol. Lines are bright towards the north component of the IRS5 binary system, and a possible second hot corino may be associated with the south component. The methanol lines' non-LTE analysis constrains the gas temperature (100 K), density (1.5 × 108 cm3), and emitting size (10 au in radius). All CH3OH and 13CH3OH lines are optically thick, preventing a reliable measure of the deuteration. The methyl formate and ethanol relative abundances are compatible with those measured in Class 0 hot corinos. Thus, based on this work, little chemical evolution from Class 0 to I hot corinos occurs., With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)

Les avulsions de dents incluses sont d’une pratique courante. Le plus fréquemment, le dégagement osseux n’a pas de conséquences. Dans certains cas, il peut poser problème, s’il concerne un futur site d’implantation ou des structures anatomiques spécifiques, notamment dans le prémaxillaire (Sukegawa et al. Case Rep Dent. 2015; 2015: 974169). Pour ces situations, la piézochirugie apparait comme une technique peu invasive puisque la découpe est plus fine et plus précise qu’avec les instruments rotatifs (Pavlıékovaé et al. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 40:451-7). De plus, le fait de découper un volet puis de le repositionner en fin d’intervention constitue un moyen de préserver le volume osseux. Le cas rapporté est celui d’une avulsion d’un mesiodens par découpe puis repositionnement de l’épine nasale antérieure. Une jeune fille de 13 ans a été adressée par son orthodontiste pour avulsion d’un mesiodens avant prise en charge ODF. Un examen cone beam a précisé la position de cet odontoïde. D’une morphologie évoquant une incisive conoïde, la dent surnuméraire se présentait en position verticale ; sa couronne faisait saillie dans les fosses nasales, sous le vomer, et sa racine était en arrière de celles des incisives centrales. Lors d’une intervention menée sous anesthésie générale, l’ENA a été découpée par piézochirugie (incision en V de part et d’autre du plan médian) et luxée vers le haut, sans décollement de la muqueuse nasale. L’odontoïde a été sectionné au collet. Sa couronne d’abord puis sa racine ont été avulsées. Enfin, l’ENA a été repositionnée et fixée par une vis d’ostosynthèse positionnée légèrement en biais. Les suites ont été bonnes. La vis d’ostéosynthèse a été déposée un an plus tard. L’avulsion de cette dent, profondément incluse, par les techniques conventionnelles utilisant des instruments rotatifs aurait entraîné un délabrement important. Compte tenu de la situation inversée de l’axe de la dent, il aurait été difficile de la retirer par un abord palatin. De plus, son axe vertical compliquait la séparation couronne-racine, qui n’aurait été possible que par un accès nasal. Le choix d’une technique conservatrice de l’os (découpe puis repositionnement) semblait judicieux dans la mesure où il autorisait une bonne exposition du site et le morcellement cervical de la dent, tout en épargnant le volume osseux. Le fait de ne pas avoir décollé la muqueuse palatine a probablement contribué à la trophicité et la cicatrisation de l’ENA repositionnée. Les opérateurs ont pris le soin de ne pas placer la vis d’ostéosynthèse dans la suture entre les deux parties droite et gauche de l’ENA, afin de ne pas risquer de séparer ces deux os. Ce cas illustre une technique minimalement invasive qui a permis l’avulsion d’une dent surnuméraire profondément incluse en position verticale inversée, sans entraîner de lésion des dents voisines ni de la muqueuse nasale, tout en préservant le volume osseux de l’ENA.

Background The Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised (TAPES-R) is a self-administered questionnaire to measure multidimensional adjustment to a prosthetic limb. Our aim was to assess the validity and reliability of the French version of the TAPES-R (TAPES-R-F). Materials and methods The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the recommendations. Factor analysis and Rasch analysis were also performed to allow comparison with the original English version. Construct validity was assessed by measuring the correlations between TAPES-R-F subscores and quality of life, pain, body image satisfaction, anxiety and depression. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's α. The standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change, Bland and Altman limits of agreement, and intraclass correlation were the measures of agreement and reliability. Results No major difficulties were encountered throughout the trans-cultural adaptation process. The final version of the TAPES-R-F was well accepted and understood by the patients. According to the factor analysis, the satisfaction scale should be treated as a one-dimensional construct when used by French-speaking people and should not be separated into two separate subscales, functional and aesthetic, as is the case in the original English version. Our study confirmed that there is a strong relationship between biopsychosocial factors and adjustment to amputation. Cronbach's α > 0.8 for all the subscales. Reliability was good to excellent for all the subscales (ICCs between 0.61 and 0.89). The smallest detectable changes were 0.7, 0.8, 1.3, 0.4, and 1.8 (general adjustment, social adjustment, adjustment to limitation, activity restriction, and global satisfaction with the prosthesis). Conclusions The TAPES-R-F is a valid and reliable instrument to assess multidimensional adjustment of French-speaking lower limb amputees. This questionnaire can be used for both clinical assessment and research purposes.

Context. Low-mass protostars drive powerful molecular outflows that can be observed with millimetre and submillimetre telescopes. Various sulfuretted species are known to be bright in shocks and could be used to infer the physical and chemical conditions throughout the observed outflows. Aims. The evolution of sulfur chemistry is studied along the outflows driven by the NGC 1333-IRAS4A protobinary system located in the Perseus cloud to constrain the physical and chemical processes at work in shocks. Methods. We observed various transitions from OCS, CS, SO, and SO2 towards NGC 1333-IRAS4A in the 1.3, 2, and 3 mm bands using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array and we interpreted the observations through the use of the Paris-Durham shock model. Results. The targeted species clearly show different spatial emission along the two outflows driven by IRAS4A. OCS is brighter on small and large scales along the south outflow driven by IRAS4A1, whereas SO2 is detected rather along the outflow driven by IRAS4A2 that is extended along the north east-south west direction. SO is detected at extremely high radial velocity up to + 25 km s-1 relative to the source velocity, clearly allowing us to distinguish the two outflows on small scales. Column density ratio maps estimated from a rotational diagram analysis allowed us to confirm a clear gradient of the OCS/SO2 column density ratio between the IRAS4A1 and IRAS4A2 outflows. Analysis assuming non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium of four SO2 transitions towards several SiO emission peaks suggests that the observed gas should be associated with densities higher than 105 cm-3 and relatively warm (T > 100 K) temperatures in most cases. Conclusions. The observed chemical differentiation between the two outflows of the IRAS4A system could be explained by a different chemical history. The outflow driven by IRAS4A1 is likely younger and more enriched in species initially formed in interstellar ices, such as OCS, and recently sputtered into the shock gas. In contrast, the longer and likely older outflow triggered by IRAS4A2 is more enriched in species that have a gas phase origin, such as SO2., With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)

The article considers clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and therapy of complex regional pain syndrome. The historical reference on this issue is provided. The description of clinical case of complex regional pain syndrome with positive effect against the background of applied therapy is presented. It is emphasized that besides complications related to monitoring of this category of patients, the presented case is an evidence of inadequate studying of pathogenesis of complex regional pain syndrome. The pathophysiologic concepts explaining development of complex regional pain syndrome are presented: activation of neurogenous inflammatory alterations, development of pathologic sympathetic afferent links and neuroplastic alterations in central nervous system. The focus is made on mal-adaptive character of neuroplastic alterations of sensory and motor cortex. The results of modern neuro-visual methods of study are analyzed permitting to look from a new perspective on origin of clinical disorders in this condition. The significance of disorders of cerebral links in case of complex regional pain syndrome. These results are based on analysis of functional links («connectom in rest»), temporarily and space characteristics of which are altered in presence of chronic pain. The conclusion is made that the very impact of functional links altered under complex regional pain syndrome provides possibilities for new methods of treatment of this state.

Purpose The aim of this practitioner paper is to reflect on the mistakes that most post-colonial, post-conflict or post-disaster destinations make when planning to grow tourism, and to offer a practical and business-driven solution that would help secure a more stable future in spite of potential instabilities. Design/methodology/approach The paper is the result of three years spent working with micro and small tourism entrepreneurs in Haiti, Brazil, Lesotho, South Africa, Timor Leste, Indonesia, Ethiopia and India. Findings The paper observes that most post-colonial, post-conflict or post-disaster destinations do not understand that developing tourism goes hand in hand with developing entrepreneurs and their businesses. Practical implications The paper could kick-start a more holistic approach to tourism development to catalyse long rather than short-term economic and social gains, especially for women. Originality/value This paper contradicts the common view that tourism growth is about increasing arrival numbers and focusing on infrastructure development. It presents an original solution that focusses on vision (an approach borrowed from Simon Sinek, the third most popular TED speaker and author of “Start with Why”), and on women empowerment that bypasses existing supra and national development frameworks.

Background: The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS) and its shortened version (ABIS-R) are self-administered questionnaires to measure body image perception of amputee. Our aim was to assess the validity and reliability of the French ABIS (ABIS-F and ABIS-R-F).Methods: Ninety-nine patients were included. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the recommendations. Construct validity was assessed by measuring the correlation between ABIS-F or ABIS-R-F scores and quality of life, pain, anxiety, and depression. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's α. The standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change, Bland and Altman limits of agreement, and intraclass correlation were the measures of agreement and reliability.Results: A highest body image disturbance was associated with lowest quality of life, higher pain, and higher anxiety, and depression. Cronbach's α was 0.91/0.89 (ABIS-F/ABIS-R-F). The standard error of measurement was 5.35/2.28 (ABIS-F/ABIS-R-F). The smallest detectable change was 14.82/6.31 (ABIS-F/ABIS-R-F). The mean difference in ABIS-F score was -3.90 with limits of agreement from -18.71 to 10.92. For ABIS-R-F, the mean difference was -2.12 with limits of agreement from -8.43 to 4.19. Intraclass correlation was 0.87/0.82 (ABIS-F/ABIS-R-F).Conclusions: The French versions ABIS-F and ABIS-R-F share similar psychometric properties, both are as reliable, but ABIS-R-F has a better response structure and is more feasible.Implications for rehabilitationThe quality of life of amputees is impacted by their satisfaction with body imageThe Amputee Body Image Scale questionnaire measures this perception and is available for French-speaking amputeesThe Standard Errors of Measurement proposed could be useful for clinical and research purposesBoth ABIS and ABIS-R showed satisfactory construct validity, internal consistency, and reliabilityThe shortened version has a better response structure and is more readily feasible.

Purpose To analyze the results of Retinoblastoma (Rb) treatment according to the University Hospital of Siena guidelines in terms of complete ophthalmoscopic remission (COR) of disease. Methods A total of 109 eyes of 87 patients were enrolled from September 2013 to November 2016. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 22.8 months (± sd 20.5 months). Sixtysix/109 eyes (60.55% of cases) were unilateral, 42 (38.53%) bilateral. Thirtyfive/109 (32.11%) were classified as low stage (A-C of ICRB classification), 36 (33.03%) as D stage and 31 (28.44%) as E stage. Interventions: Conservative treatment with intravenous (IV) chemotherapy (CHT) and/or intrarterial (IA) CHT, both as first or second line therapies; primary or secondary enucleation. Results Fourtysix/109 eyes (42.20%) received primary IV CHT, 40 (36.70%) primary IA CHT and 22 (20.1%) were enucleated at diagnosis. Twentyfive eyes (22.9%) were treated with secondary IA CHT (for failure of IV CHT, the majority being bilateral cases), 4 (3.6%) with second line IV CHT (mainly thermo-CHT after IA CHT). Twentythree/109 eyes (21.1%) were secondary enucleated. Globe salvage with COR of disease has been obtained by 53/109 eyes (49% of all cases, 60.9% of the treated ones), in particular: by the 32.5% of the eyes treated with primary IV CHT, by the 52.5% of those treated with primary IA CHT and by the 60% of the eyes treated with secondary IA CHT. Mean follow-up is of 21.9 months (± sd 16.9 months). Conclusions These results confirm the efficacy of our guidelines for Rb treatment. Particularly we obtained a better ocular salvage rate (p > χ2 = 0.0007, Mantel Cox Comparisons) for the cases treated with secondary IA CHT than with primary IA CHT. This observation demonstrates the efficacy of IA CHT even in recurrences of Rb after primary IV CHT, if early detected with a close follow-up.

In addition to inhibition of muscle and glandular hyperactivity, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) type A also interferes with pain processing. Previously, in a rat model of paclitaxel-induced polyneuropathy, abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) elicited analgesic effects not only in the injected paw, but also in the contralateral, non-injected paw.Here, we assessed bilateral analgesic effects of unilateral aboBoNT-A in several chronic pain models in Sprague-Dawley rats. Effects of aboBoNT-A on the paw withdrawal threshold in response to mechanical pressure was assessed in models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic polyneuropathy, chronic constriction injury (CCI)-associated mononeuropathy, and bilateral carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain.In diabetic polyneuropathy, aboBoNT-A (15, 20 U/kg) reversed hyperalgesia in the toxin-injected and non-injected paws. In unilateral CCI-exposed animals, 20 U/kg aboBoNT-A given ipsilateral to the injury reversed mechanical hyperalgesia, while 30 U/kg aboBoNT-A given contralateral to the injury had no effect. In carrageenan-induced bilateral inflammatory pain, aboBoNT-A (20, 30 U/kg) reversed hyperalgesia in both toxin-injected and non-injected paws.These results suggest that unilateral administration of aboBoNT-A results in bilateral reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia across neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions, bilateral activation of sensory neurons being prerequisite for its expression. Future studies involving effects on other sensory modalities as well as those evaluating diffusion and migration of the toxin away from the injection site can shed light on mechanisms of this phenomenon.The results expand evidence on bilateral analgesic effects of aboBoNT-A following unilateral administration across pain modalities, as the phenomenon is seen in more than one model of polyneuropathy as well as in a model of chronic inflammatory pain when the latter is rendered bilateral. The mechanism of bilateral analgesic effects of aboBoNT-A may require activation of the peripheral sensory neurons and involve retrograde axonal transport of the toxin into the spinal cord.

This article is an answer to the review paper from Verschaeve (2014). This review paper attempted to dismiss every study that shows negative effects of microwave radiation on living organisms. His conclusions are not supported by scientific data and are mostly based on his claims for “inaccurate” dosimetry. This issue is not the case, especially in studies employing real and not simulated exposures by mobile telephony (and related technologies) antennas, since this type of radiation is of highly varying nature, and its levels – regardless of any dosimetry – are simply the same with those exposing daily billions of users. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Background Three main activity patterns have been distinguished in describing chronic pain (avoidance, pacing and persistence). However, their influence on patient outcomes remains a question of debate. This observational study aimed to measure the associations between the avoidance, pacing, and persistence (labelled overdoing) scales of the Patterns of Activity Measure–Pain (POAM-P), self-reported outcomes (pain-interference, depression, functional ability), and observational outcomes (walking, lifting test, physical fitness). Methods We conducted an observational study with cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The data were collected prospectively before and after treatment, which was a 5-week functional rehabilitation including vocational aspects. In addition to self-reported and observational outcomes, patients were asked if they thought they would be able to return to work at 6 months. Analyses were conducted with treatment effect sizes, correlations, and multiple regression models. Results In this sample (891 patients), we found on average small to moderate improvements for pain-interference and observational outcomes (Cohen’s d: 0.37 to 0.64). According to the multivariable models, overdoing was associated with most of the beneficial psychosocial and observational outcomes (β -0.13 to 0.17; all p

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) signalling pathway is essential for metabolism, cell growth and survival. It induces expression of the mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 1 (PNC1) in transformed cells, but the consequences of this for cell phenotype are unknown. Here we show that PNC1 is necessary to maintain mitochondrial function by controlling mitochondrial DNA replication and the ratio of transcription of mitochondrial genes relative to nuclear genes. PNC1 suppression causes reduced oxidative phosphorylation and leakage of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activates the AMPK-PGC1alpha signalling pathway and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Overexpression of PNC1 suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis. Suppression of PNC1 causes a profound ROS-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas overexpression of PNC1 suppresses both basal EMT and induction of EMT by TGF-beta. Overall, our findings indicate that PNC1 is essential for mitochondria maintenance and suggest that its induction by IGF-I facilitates cell growth whereas protecting cells from an ROS-promoted differentiation programme that arises from mitochondrial dysfunction.

We present an onboard robotic module that can determine relative positions among miniature robots. The module uses high-frequency-modulated infrared emissions to enable nearby robots to determine the range, bearing, and message of the sender with a rapid update rate. A carrier sense multiple access protocol is employed for scalable operation. We describe a technique for calculating the range and bearing between robots, which can be generalized for use with more sophisticated relative positioning systems. Using this method, we characterize the accuracy of positioning between robots and identify different sources of imprecision. Finally, the utility of this module is clearly demonstrated with several robotic formation experiments, where precise multirobot formations are maintained throughout difficult maneuvers.

Resume L’existence concomitante d’une affection somatique avec une pathologie psychiatrique est retrouvee chez 30 a 60 % des patients hospitalises en psychiatrie. Or dans presqu’un cas sur deux, ces comorbidites ne sont pas depistees. Notre objectif est donc d’evaluer l’interet d’un bilan biologique d’entree a l’hopital, dans le depistage de comorbidites telles que le diabete, les dyslipidemies ou les syndromes infectieux. Durant trois mois, sur un total de 366 prelevements sanguins effectues sur des patients admis dans deux hopitaux psychiatriques, nous avons evalue l’interet du bilan d’entree suivant : numeration formule sanguine, ionogramme sanguin, glucose, uree, creatinine, cholesterol total, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, phosphatases alcalines et TSH. Parmi les 366 patients, 194 (53 %) ont presente au moins une anomalie biologique, 45 (10,6 %) une intolerance au glucose (glycemie ≥ 1,10 g/l), 21 (5,7 %) une glycemie egale ou superieure a 1,26 g/l, 76 (23 %) une dyslipidemie et 34 (9,3 %) une anemie. Malgre ses limites methodologiques, notre travail confirme la frequence elevee des affections somatiques chez les patients hospitalises en psychiatrie et montre qu’un bilan biologique d’entree serait susceptible d’ameliorer leur depistage.

Zanolimumab is a human IgG1 antibody against CD4, which is in clinical development for the treatment of cutaneous and nodal T-cell lymphomas. Here, we report on its mechanisms of action. Zanolimumab was found to inhibit CD4+ T cells by combining signaling inhibition with the induction of Fc-dependent effector mechanisms. First, T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction is inhibited by zanolimumab through a fast, dual mechanism, which is activated within minutes. Ligation of CD4 by zanolimumab effectively inhibits early TCR signaling events but, interestingly, activates signaling through the CD4-associated tyrosine kinase p56lck. An uncoupling of p56lck from the TCR by anti-CD4 allows the kinase to transmit direct inhibitory signals via the inhibitory adaptor molecules Dok-1 and SHIP-1. Second, CD4+ T cells are killed by induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, to which CD45RO+ cells are more sensitive than CD45RA+ cells. Finally, zanolimumab induces down-modulation of CD4 from cell surfaces via a slow Fc-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, zanolimumab rapidly inhibits T-cell signaling via a dual mechanism of action combined with potent Fc-dependent lysis of CD4+ T cells and may act long-term by down-regulating CD4. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):9945–53]

Resume Nous rapportons l’observation d’une patiente de 37 ans, non atopique, qui a presente, en dehors de toute anesthesie plusieurs episodes d’anaphylaxie apres ingestion de faibles doses de derives methylmorphine : codeine et codethyline. Le mecanisme IgE medie a ete affirme par la presence d’IgE specifique anti-chlorhydrate de morphine par dosage radio-immunologique. Une reaction croisee entre la morphine et la codeine a pu etre objectivee par technique d’inhibition du RAST. Les IgE seriques specifiques vis-a-vis des ammoniums quaternaires etaient negatives, soulignant l’absence de sensibilisation vis-a-vis de la fonction ammonium quaternaire. Au total, il s’agit d’un cas d’anaphylaxie par ingestion de faibles doses de morphine et de codeine en raison d’une sensibilisation IgE-dependante vis-a-vis de la morphine et de la codeine.

We have investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, multiphoton-induced processes in aerosol particles using femtosecond laser pulses. More specifically, we have demonstrated that both multiphoton (1, 2 and 3 photon)-induced fluorescence (MPEF) and laser-induced breakdown (LIB) emissions are strongly enhanced in the backward direction. The backward enhancement increases from 1.8 to 35 (emission ratio between the backward direction and 90°) with increasing non-linear process order n. Application to non-linear lidar of biological aerosols is discussed.

Background Multiparameter flow cytometry has been increasingly used in the identification and characterization of leukemia and lymphoma. However, due to technical complexity, this method still presents some level of variation between laboratories. In an attempt to yield more reproducible results, restrictive, highly standardized procedures have been proposed. The objective of this work was to compare this standardized protocol to a more open and flexible procedure. Methods The levels of expression of markers from the Euroflow lymphoid screening tube (LST) panel were evaluated on a population of both healthy and diseased patients using the recommended monoclonal antibody (MoAb) combinations or an alternative combination of either different MoAb clones or different dyes. Results were expressed as the percentages of positive target cells for each marker. Results Our study shows excellent correlation between the two methods demonstrating that comparable results can be achieved through harmonization of the procedures rather than through the constraints of standardization. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the harmonization approach is feasible. This frees scientists from the restrictions imposed by a standardization approach. © 2014 International Clinical Cytometry Society