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1. Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

Author

A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antoniassi, M. Antonova, A. Antoshkin, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, L. Arellano, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, V. Ayala Lara, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, M. Babicz, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, N. Balashov, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, A. Barros, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, C. Batchelor, E. Batista das Chagas, J. Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, M. C. Q. Bazetto, J. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, C. Beigbeder, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, N. Benekos, C. Benitez Montiel, F. Bento Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, A. Bersani, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, A. Betancur Rodríguez, A. Bevan, Y. Bezawada, T. S. Bezerra, A. Bhardwaj, V. Bhatnagar, M. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhattarai, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F. Blaszczyk, G. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, C. Bonilla-Diaz, F. Bonini, A. Booth, F. Boran, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, N. Bostan, P. Bour, C. Bourgeois, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Branca, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, D. Breton, C. Brew, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, M. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, I. Butorov, I. Cagnoli, T. Cai, D. Caiulo, R. Calabrese, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, D. Carber, J. Carceller, G. Carini, B. Carlus, M. F. Carneiro, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, T. Carroll, J. F. Castaño Forero, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, G. Cavallaro, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, M. Chavarry Neyra, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Chen-Wishart, Y. Cheon, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, R. Chirco, A. Chiriacescu, G. Chisnall, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, P. S. Chong, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, M. Chung, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. Clarke, G. Cline, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. Coelho, N. Colton, E. Conley, R. Conley, J. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, P. Cova, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Crisler, E. Cristaldo, J. Crnkovic, R. Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, O. Dalager, H. Da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, S. De, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. Decowski, A. De Gouvea, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, N. Delmonte, P. De Lurgio, J. R. De Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. W. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, G. De Souza, R. Devi, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Diaz, J. Diaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, G. Dirkx, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, D. Doering, S. Dolan, F. Dolek, M. Dolinski, L. Domine, Y. Donon, D. Douglas, D. Douillet, A. Dragone, G. Drake, F. Drielsma, L. Duarte, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, B. Dutta, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. Dwyer, A. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, S. Emery, P. Englezos, A. Ereditato, T. Erjavec, C. Escobar, G. Eurin, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, M. Fani’, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, D. Fedoseev, J. Felix, Y. Feng, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, M. Fernandez Morales, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, P. Filip, F. Filthaut, M. Fiorini, V. Fischer, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, S. Fogarty, W. Foreman, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, F. Fuentes Robayo, S. Fuess, I. K. Furic, K. Furman, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, F. Ganacim, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, F. Gao, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, J. Gauvreau, G. Ge, N. Geffroy, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P. Giammaria, T. Giammaria, N. Giangiacomi, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, S. Gilligan, C. Girerd, A. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, L. Greenler, J. Greer, J. Grenard, C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, E. Guardincerri, V. Guarino, M. Guarise, R. Guenette, E. Guerard, M. Guerzoni, D. Guffanti, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, A. Gupta, V. Gupta, K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, C. Ha, K. Haaf, A. Habig, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hartnett, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, C. Hasnip, R. Hatcher, K. W. Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, K. Hayrapetyan, J. Hays, E. Hazen, M. He, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, S. Henry, M. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, J. Hewes, C. Hilgenberg, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, E. Hinkle, L. R. Hirsch, J. Ho, J. Hoff, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Hoyos, I. Hristova, M. S. Hronek, J. Huang, Z. Hulcher, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, G. Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, B. Irwin, L. Isenhower, R. Itay, C. M. Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, W. Jang, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, D. Jena, Y. Jeong, C. Jesús-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, R. Johnson, W. Johnson, N. Johnston, B. Jones, S. Jones, M. Judah, C. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, A. Kalitkina, D. Kalra, F. Kamiya, N. Kaneshige, D. M. Kaplan, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, A. Klustova, T. Kobilarcik, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, D. H. Koh, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, D. Korablev, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. Kostelecky, K. Kothekar, R. Kralik, L. Kreczko, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, W. Kropp, T. Kroupova, S. Kubota, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, P. Kunze, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, J. Kvasnicka, D. Kwak, A. Lambert, B. Land, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, M. Langstaff, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, M. Lazzaroni, T. Le, S. Leardini, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, T. LeCompte, C. Lee, S. Lee, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, L. M. Lepin, S. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lin, R. A. Lineros, J. Ling, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, T. Lord, J. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, X. Lu, K. Luk, B. Lunday, X. Luo, E. Luppi, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, J. Maalmi, D. MacFarlane, A. Machado, P. Machado, C. Macias, J. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, A. Major, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R. C. Mandujano, J. C. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, V. N. Manyam, L. Manzanillas, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, R. Marie, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, P. Martínez Miravé, S. Martynenko, V. Mascagna, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, F. Matichard, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, I. Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, T. McAskill, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, H. Mendez, P. Mendez, D. P. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. Messier, W. Metcalf, T. Mettler, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, G. Miller, W. Miller, J. Mills, O. Mineev, A. Minotti, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. Mishra, S. Mishra, A. Mislivec, M. Mitchell, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. A. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, E. Montagna, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montano Zetina, S. Moon, M. Mooney, A. F. Moor, D. Moreno, D. Moretti, C. Morris, C. Mossey, M. Mote, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, G. Mouster, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, A. Nath, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, H. Newton, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, A. Nikolica, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, J. Ochoa-Ricoux, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, G. Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, W. Panduro Vazquez, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, E. Parozzi, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. Peeters, A. Pena Perez, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, V. Pia, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, V. L. Pimentel, G. Pinaroli, K. Plows, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, F. Pompa, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, F. Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, M. Prest, S. Prince, F. Psihas, D. Pugnere, X. Qian, J. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, R. Rameika, M. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Raut, R. Razakamiandra, E. Rea, J. Real, B. Rebel, R. Rechenmacher, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, M. Ribas, S. Riboldi, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L. C. Rice, J. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, E. V. Rincón, H. Ritchie-Yates, D. Rivera, A. Robert, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, E. Rodriguez Bonilla, J. Rodriguez Rondon, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rosenberg, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M. Rossella, M. Rossi, J. Rout, P. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, A. Rybnikov, A. Saa-Hernandez, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schefke, H. Schellman, S. Schifano, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, A. W. Schneider, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, A. Selyunin, C. R. Senise, J. Sensenig, A. Sergi, D. Sgalaberna, M. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, F. Shaker, M. Shamma, R. Sharankova, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. K. Sharma, T. Shaw, K. Shchablo, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Sheshukov, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, H. Siegel, L. Simard, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, L. Singh, P. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. Snider, P. Snopok, D. Snowden-Ifft, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, S. Sokolov, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, A. Sotnikov, J. Soto-Oton, F. Soto Ugaldi, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, C. Stanford, D. Stefan, R. Stein, H. Steiner, A. F. Steklain Lisbôa, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, L. Strigari, A. Stuart, J. G. Suarez, J. Suárez Sunción, R. Sulej, H. Sullivan, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, H. Tanaka, S. Tang, A. Tapia, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tarpara, N. Tata, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. Teklu, P. Tennessen, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, T. Thakore, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. Timm, V. Tishchenko, L. Tomassetti, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, N. Tosi, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W. H. Trzaska, Y. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, L. Uboldi, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, S. Uzunyan, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, S. Valder, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, R. Valentim, Z. Vallari, E. Vallazza, J. W. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, D. Vanegas Forero, D. Vannerom, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, S. Vasina, G. Vasseur, N. Vaughan, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, C. Wallis, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, K. Wawrowska, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, A. Wilkinson, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, W. Wisniewski, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, K. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, K. Wresilo, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, F. Xie, B. Yaeggy, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, Y. Yoon, T. Young, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yu, Y. Yu, W. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation.

Published
2022
Full Text
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2. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

Author

A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antoniassi, M. Antonova, A. Antoshkin, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, L. Arellano, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, V. Ayala Lara, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, N. Balashov, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, P. Barham Alzas, G. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, A. Barros, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, C. Batchelor, E. Batista das Chagas, J. B. R. Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, M. C. Q. Bazetto, J. L. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, C. Beigbeder, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, N. Benekos, C. Benitez Montiel, F. Bento Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, A. Bersani, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, A. Betancur Rodríguez, A. Bevan, Y. Bezawada, T. J. C. Bezerra, A. Bhardwaj, V. Bhatnagar, M. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhattarai, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, C. Bonilla-Diaz, F. Bonini, A. Booth, F. Boran, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, N. Bostan, P. Bour, C. Bourgeois, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Branca, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, D. Breton, C. Brew, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, M. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, I. Butorov, I. Cagnoli, T. Cai, D. Caiulo, R. Calabrese, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, D. Carber, J. C. Carceller, G. Carini, B. Carlus, M. F. Carneiro, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, T. Carroll, J. F. Castaño Forero, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, G. Cavallaro, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, M. S. S. Chavarry Neyra, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Chen-Wishart, Y. Cheon, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, R. Chirco, A. Chiriacescu, G. Chisnall, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, P. S. Chong, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, M. Chung, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. Clarke, G. Cline, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, N. Colton, E. Conley, R. Conley, J. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, P. Cova, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Crisler, E. Cristaldo, J. Crnkovic, R. Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, O. Dalager, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, S. De, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. De Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, N. Delmonte, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. W. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, G. De Souza, R. Devi, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, G. Dirkx, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, D. Doering, S. Dolan, F. Dolek, M. Dolinski, L. Domine, Y. Donon, D. Douglas, D. Douillet, A. Dragone, G. Drake, F. Drielsma, L. Duarte, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, B. Dutta, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. Dwyer, A. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, S. Emery, P. Englezos, A. Ereditato, T. Erjavec, C. Escobar, G. Eurin, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, M. Fani’, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, D. Fedoseev, J. Felix, Y. Feng, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, M. Fernandez Morales, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, P. Filip, F. Filthaut, M. Fiorini, V. Fischer, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, S. Fogarty, W. Foreman, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, F. Fuentes Robayo, S. Fuess, I. K. Furic, K. Furman, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, F. Ganacim, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, F. Gao, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, J. Gauvreau, G. Ge, N. Geffroy, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P. Giammaria, T. Giammaria, N. Giangiacomi, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, S. Gilligan, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, L. Greenler, J. Greer, J. Grenard, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, E. Guardincerri, V. Guarino, M. Guarise, R. Guenette, E. Guerard, M. Guerzoni, D. Guffanti, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, A. Gupta, V. Gupta, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, C. Ha, K. Haaf, A. Habig, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hartnett, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, C. Hasnip, R. Hatcher, K. W. Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, K. Hayrapetyan, J. Hays, E. Hazen, M. He, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, J. Hewes, C. Hilgenberg, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, E. Hinkle, L. R. Hirsch, J. Ho, J. Hoff, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Hoyos, I. Hristova, M. S. Hronek, J. Huang, Z. Hulcher, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, G. Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, B. Irwin, L. Isenhower, R. Itay, C. M. Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, W. Jang, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, D. Jena, Y. S. Jeong, C. Jesús-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, R. Johnson, W. Johnson, N. Johnston, B. Jones, S. Jones, M. Judah, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, A. Kalitkina, D. Kalra, F. Kamiya, N. Kaneshige, D. M. Kaplan, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, A. Klustova, T. Kobilarcik, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, D. H. Koh, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, D. Korablev, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, R. Kralik, L. Kreczko, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, W. Kropp, T. Kroupova, S. Kubota, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, P. Kunze, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, J. Kvasnicka, D. Kwak, A. Lambert, B. Land, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, M. Langstaff, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, M. Lazzaroni, T. Le, S. Leardini, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, T. LeCompte, C. Lee, S. Y. Lee, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, L. M. Lepin, S. W. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lin, R. A. Lineros, J. Ling, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, X.-G. Lu, K. B. Luk, B. Lunday, X. Luo, E. Luppi, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, J. Maalmi, D. MacFarlane, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, A. Major, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R. C. Mandujano, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, V. N. Manyam, L. Manzanillas, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, R. Marie, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martín-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, P. Martínez Miravé, S. Martynenko, V. Mascagna, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, F. Matichard, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, I. Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, T. McAskill, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, H. Mendez, P. Mendez, D. P. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, T. Mettler, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, G. Miller, W. Miller, J. Mills, O. Mineev, A. Minotti, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, M. Mitchell, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, E. Montagna, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montañno Zetina, S. H. Moon, M. Mooney, A. F. Moor, D. Moreno, D. Moretti, C. Morris, C. Mossey, M. Mote, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, G. Mouster, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, A. Nath, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, H. Newton, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, A. Nikolica, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, J. Ochoa-Ricoux, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, G. Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, W. Panduro Vazquez, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, E. Parozzi, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, A. Pena Perez, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, V. Pia, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, V. L. Pimentel, G. Pinaroli, K. Plows, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, F. Pompa, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, F. Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, M. Prest, S. Prince, F. Psihas, D. Pugnere, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Raut, R. F. Razakamiandra, E. M. Rea, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, R. Rechenmacher, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, M. Ribas, S. Riboldi, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, J. S. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, E. V. Rincón, H. Ritchie-Yates, D. Rivera, A. Robert, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, E. Rodriguez Bonilla, J. Rodriguez Rondon, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rosenberg, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M. Rossella, M. Rossi, J. Rout, P. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, A. Rybnikov, A. Saa-Hernandez, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, N. Sahu, K. Sakashita, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M. C. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schefke, H. Schellman, S. Schifano, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, A. W. Schneider, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, A. Selyunin, C. R. Senise, J. Sensenig, A. Sergi, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, F. Shaker, M. Shamma, R. Sharankova, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. K. Sharma, T. Shaw, K. Shchablo, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Sheshukov, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, H. Siegel, L. Simard, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, L. Singh, P. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. Snider, P. Snopok, D. Snowden-Ifft, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, S. Sokolov, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. R. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, A. Sotnikov, J. Soto-Oton, F. A. Soto Ugaldi, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, C. Stanford, R. Stein, H. M. Steiner, A. F. Steklain Lisbôa, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, L. Strigari, A. Stuart, J. G. Suarez, J. M. Suárez Sunción, H. Sullivan, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, H. Tanaka, S. Tang, A. Tapia, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tarpara, N. Tata, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, P. Tennessen, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, T. Thakore, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, V. Tishchenko, L. Tomassetti, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, N. Tosi, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W. H. Trzaska, Y. Tsai, Y.-T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, L. Uboldi, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, S. Uzunyan, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, S. Valder, G. D. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, R. Valentim, Z. Vallari, E. Vallazza, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, D. Vanegas Forero, D. Vannerom, F. Varanini, D. Vargas Oliva, G. Varner, J. Vasel, S. Vasina, G. Vasseur, N. Vaughan, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, C. Wallis, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, K. Wawrowska, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, A. Wilkinson, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, W. Wisniewski, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, K. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, K. Wresilo, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, F. Xie, B. Yaeggy, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, Y. S. Yoon, T. Young, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yu, Y. Yu, W. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska, and DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 $$\times $$ × 6 $$\times $$ × 6 m $$^3$$ 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.

Published
2022
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3. Solar neutrino detection sensitivity in DARWIN via electron scattering

Author

DARWIN Collaboration, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, S. E. M. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, J. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, B. Antunovic, E. Aprile, L. Arazi, F. Arneodo, M. Balzer, L. Baudis, D. Baur, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Y. Biondi, A. Bismark, C. Bourgeois, A. Breskin, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Brünner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. Cardoso, D. Cichon, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, J. Dierle, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, D. Douillet, G. Drexlin, K. Eitel, R. Engel, E. Erdal, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, P. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, M. Galloway, F. Gao, D. Giovagnoli, F. Girard, R. Glade-Beucke, F. Glück, L. Grandi, S. Grohmann, R. Größle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, C. Hils, B. Holzapfel, J. Howlett, G. Iaquaniello, F. Jörg, M. Keller, J. Kellerer, G. Khundzakishvili, B. Kilminster, M. Kleifges, T. K. Kleiner, G. Koltmann, A. Kopec, A. Kopmann, L. M. Krauss, F. Kuger, L. LaCascio, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Loya Villalpando, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Manfredini, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, N. McFadden, P. Meinhardt, R. Meyer, B. Milosevic, S. Milutinovic, A. Molinario, C. M. B. Monteiro, K. Morå, E. Morteau, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. L. Newstead, K. Ni, U. G. Oberlack, M. Obradovic, K. Odgers, I. Ostrovskiy, J. Palacio, M. Pandurovic, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. E. Reichard, N. Rupp, P. Sanchez-Lucas, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, D. Schulte, H. C. Schultz-Coulon, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, S. Sharma, W. Shen, M. Silva, H. Simgen, M. Steidl, S. Stern, D. Subotic, P. Szabo, A. Terliuk, C. Therreau, D. Thers, K. Thieme, F. Toennies, R. Trotta, C. D. Tunnell, K. Valerius, G. Volta, D. Vorkapic, M. Weber, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, J. Wolf, S. Wuestling, M. Wurm, Y. Xing, T. Zhu, Y. Zhu, J. P. Zopounidis, and K. Zuber

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We detail the sensitivity of the proposed liquid xenon DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: pp, $$^7$$ 7 Be, $$^{13}$$ 13 N, $$^{15}$$ 15 O and pep. The precision of the $$^{13}$$ 13 N, $$^{15}$$ 15 O and pep components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $$^{136}$$ 136 Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of pp neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the electroweak mixing angle, $$\sin ^2\theta _w$$ sin 2 θ w , and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $$P_{ee}$$ P ee , in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, with 10 live years of data and a 30 tonne fiducial volume. An observation of pp and $$^7$$ 7 Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high- (GS98) and low-metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1–2.5 $$\sigma $$ σ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $$^8$$ 8 B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $$^{131}$$ 131 Xe.

Published
2020
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4. The 0ν2β-decay CROSS experiment: preliminary results and prospects

Author

The CROSS collaboration, I. C. Bandac, A. S. Barabash, L. Bergé, M. Brière, C. Bourgeois, P. Carniti, M. Chapellier, M. de Combarieu, I. Dafinei, F. A. Danevich, N. Dosme, D. Doullet, L. Dumoulin, F. Ferri, A. Giuliani, C. Gotti, P. Gras, E. Guerard, A. Ianni, H. Khalife, S. I. Konovalov, E. Legay, P. Loaiza, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, C. A. Marrache-Kikuchi, C. Nones, V. Novati, E. Olivieri, C. Oriol, G. Pessina, D. V. Poda, T. Redon, V. I. Tretyak, V. I. Umatov, M. M. Zarytsky, and A. S. Zolotarova

Subjects
Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a key process in particle physics. Its experimental investigation is the only viable method that can establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos, providing at the same time a sensitive inclusive test of lepton number violation. CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aims at developing and testing a new bolometric technology to be applied to future large-scale experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of the promising nuclei 100Mo and 130Te. The limiting factor in large-scale bolometric searches for this rare process is the background induced by surface radioactive contamination, as shown by the results of the CUORE experiment. The basic concept of CROSS consists of rejecting this challenging background component by pulse-shape discrimination, assisted by a proper coating of the faces of the crystal containing the isotope of interest and serving as energy absorber of the bolometric detector. In this paper, we demonstrate that ultra-pure superconductive Al films deposited on the crystal surfaces act successfully as pulse-shape modifiers, both with fast and slow phonon sensors. Rejection factors higher than 99.9% of α surface radioactivity have been demonstrated in a series of prototypes based on crystals of Li2MoO4 and TeO2. We have also shown that point-like energy depositions can be identified up to a distance of ∼ 1 mm from the coated surface. The present program envisions an intermediate experiment to be installed underground in the Canfranc laboratory (Spain) in a CROSS-dedicated facility. This experiment, comprising ∼ 3×1025 nuclei of 100Mo, will be a general test of the CROSS technology as well as a worldwide competitive search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, with sensitivity to the effective Majorana mass down to 70 meV in the most favorable conditions.

Published
2020
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5. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

Author

A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, P. Baesso, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G. J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, E. Belchior, J. B. R. Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Bento Neves, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, A. Betancur Rodríguez, M. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, A. Booth, C. Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, C. Bourgeois, S. B. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, M. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, I. Cagnoli, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, K. Cankocak, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, T. Carroll, J. F. Castaño Forero, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, G. Chisnall, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, S. Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. Clarke, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, R. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, L. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, E. Cristaldo, R. Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, O. Dalager, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. De Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. de Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. W. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, G. De Souza, R. Dharmapalan, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, N. Dokania, S. Dolan, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, D. Douillet, G. Drake, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. S. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, G. Eurin, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, J. Felix, M. Fernandes Carneiro da Silva, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, F. Filthaut, A. Fiorentini, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, D. V. Forero, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, F. Gao, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, S. Gilligan, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. Graham, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, L. Greenler, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guenette, E. Guerard, M. Guerzoni, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, C. Hasnip, R. Hatcher, K. W. Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, L. Hertel, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, G. Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, L. Isenhower, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, S. Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, D. Jena, Y. S. Jeong, C. Jesús-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, R. Johnson, N. Johnston, B. Jones, S. B. Jones, M. Judah, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, F. Kamiya, N. Kaneshige, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, P. Kunze, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, A. Lambert, B. Land, K. Lande, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, T. Le, S. Leardini, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, T. LeCompte, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, L. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, K. Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, X. G. Lu, K. B. Luk, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. MacFarlane, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, A. Major, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R. C. Mandujano, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, V. N. Manyam, L. Manzanillas, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, R. Marie, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C. M. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Martynenko, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, I. Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, T. McAskill, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, D. P. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, T. Mettler, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, E. Montagna, L. M. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. F. Moor, D. Moreno, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, H. Newton, M. Niccolo, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, M. Nicoletta, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, G. Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, J. L. Palomino-Gallo, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, F. Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, D. Pugnere, X. Qian, M. C. Queiroga Bazetto, J. L. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Raut, R. F. Razakamiandra, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, J. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, E. Rodriguez Bonilla, J. Rodriguez Rondon, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rosenberg, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M. Rossella, J. Rout, P. Roy, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, F. C. Rubio, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, R. Sahay, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M. C. Sanchez, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, A. Sergi, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, R. Sharankova, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, S. Shin, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, L. Simard, F. Simon, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas VIII, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. L. Snider, P. Snopok, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, R. Stanley, R. Stein, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, J. G. Suarez, H. Sullivan, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. Talaga, H. A. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, J. Todd, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, N. Tosi, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W. H. Trzaska, Y. T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, S. Uzunyan, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, P. Valerio, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, S. Vasina, G. Vasseur, N. Vaughan, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, K. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yu, W. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. Zeit, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, P. Zilberman, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska, and On behalf of the DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
neutrino, near detector, neutrino oscillations, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, DUNE, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents.

Published
2021
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6. Dynamics in mangroves assessed by high-resolution and multi-temporal satellite data: a case study in Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve (ZMNNR), P. R. China

Author

K. Leempoel, B. Satyaranayana, C. Bourgeois, J. Zhang, M. Chen, J. Wang, J. Bogaert, and F. Dahdouh-Guebas

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Mangrove forests are declining across the globe, mainly because of human intervention, and therefore require an evaluation of their past and present status (e.g. areal extent, species-level distribution, etc.) to implement better conservation and management strategies. In this paper, mangrove cover dynamics at Gaoqiao (P. R. China) were assessed through time using 1967, 2000 and 2009 satellite imagery (sensors Corona KH-4B, Landsat ETM+, GeoEye-1 respectively). Firstly, multi-temporal analysis of satellite data was undertaken, and secondly biotic and abiotic differences were analysed between the different mangrove stands, assessed through a supervised classification of a high-resolution satellite image. A major decline in mangrove cover (−36%) was observed between 1967 and 2009 due to rice cultivation and aquaculture practices. Moreover, dike construction has prevented mangroves from expanding landward. Although a small increase of mangrove area was observed between 2000 and 2009 (+24%), the ratio mangrove / aquaculture kept decreasing due to increased aquaculture at the expense of rice cultivation in the vicinity. From the land-use/cover map based on ground-truth data (5 × 5 m plot-based tree measurements) (August–September, 2009) as well as spectral reflectance values (obtained from pansharpened GeoEye-1), both Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and small Aegiceras corniculatum are distinguishable at 73–100% accuracy, whereas tall A. corniculatum was correctly classified at only 53% due to its mixed vegetation stands with B. gymnorrhiza (overall classification accuracy: 85%). In the case of sediments, sand proportion was significantly different between the three mangrove classes. Overall, the advantage of very high resolution satellite images like GeoEye-1 (0.5 m) for mangrove spatial heterogeneity assessment and/or species-level discrimination was well demonstrated, along with the complexity to provide a precise classification for non-dominant species (e.g. Kandelia obovata) at Gaoqiao. Despite limitations such as geometric distortion and single panchromatic band, the 42 yr old Corona declassified images are invaluable for land-use/cover change detections when compared to recent satellite data sets.

Published
2013
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11. Inpatient Telehealth Experience of Patients With Limited English Proficiency: Cross-sectional Survey and Semistructured Interview Study

Author

Lily Payvandi, Chase Parsons, Fabienne C Bourgeois, and Jonathan D Hron

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundPatients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are at a higher risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to use telehealth than English-speaking patients. To date, there is no formal evaluation of inpatient (IP) telehealth user experience of patients and their families by language preference during visits with their clinicians. ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the experiences of English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families using IP telehealth, as well as to evaluate the experience of Spanish interpreters providing services through IP telehealth. MethodsWe prospectively administered a survey to English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families who used IP telehealth from October 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We performed semistructured phone interviews of hospital-based Spanish interpreters who provided services through IP telehealth. ResultsA total of 661 surveys were administered, with completion rates of 18% (112/621) in English and 62% (25/40) in Spanish. On a 10-point scale, the overall satisfaction of Spanish speakers (median 10, IQR 10-10) was higher than that of English speakers (median 9, IQR 8-10; P=.001). Both English- and Spanish-speaking patients used IP telehealth for visits with their primary IP care team, subspecialty consultants, and other clinicians. Hospital tablets were used more often than personal devices, and only English-speaking patients used personal laptops. Patients and their families encountered challenges with log-in, team coordination with multiple users, and equipment availability. Interpreters encountered challenges with audio and video quality, communication, safety, and Wi-Fi access. ConclusionsBoth English- and Spanish-speaking patients reported high satisfaction using IP telehealth across multiple disciplines despite the workflow challenges identified by interpreters. Significant investment is needed to provide robust infrastructure to support use by all patients, especially the integration of multiple users to provide interpreter services for patients with LEP.

Published
2022
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16. Gulf ribbed mussels increase plant growth, primary production, and soil nitrogen cycling potential in salt marshes

Author

RE Rossi, CA Schutte, J Logarbo, C Bourgeois, and BJ Roberts

Subjects
Ecology, Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora and Atlantic ribbed mussels Geukensia demissa have a mutualism whereby S. alterniflora provides substrate and shade for G. demissa while G. demissa enhances S. alterniflora growth and drought tolerance. Together, these species improve salt marsh stability and function. To better understand if a similar relationship exists between S. alterniflora and Gulf ribbed mussels G. granosissima in salt marshes of the Gulf of Mexico, we conducted a manipulative experiment with identical starting plant density and varying densities of G. granosissima and monitored plant and soil responses over a growing season. We found that S. alterniflora stem and leaf density was 1.5 and 1.9 times greater for the highest mussel biomass compared to the lowest mussel biomass treatments. Similarly, above- and below-ground biomass were 2.6 and 3.2 times greater for the highest mussel biomass compared to the lowest mussel biomass treatments. More and larger S. alterniflora at higher G. granosissima densities resulted in 2 and 4 times the S. alterniflora gross CO2 uptake and respiration rate, respectively. Methane fluxes were highest when G. granosissima were present, likely driven by the positive relationship between methane flux and belowground biomass. Net potential nitrification was 5 times higher for the highest mussel biomass compared to the lowest mussel biomass treatments, and denitrification rates were 1.8 times higher. Ultimately, our results suggest that G. granosissima increases S. alterniflora growth and productivity, much like the positive relationship between G. demissa and S. alterniflora, which in turn influences salt marsh stability and function.

Published
2022

20. Twenty-First Century Cures Act Final Rule and Adolescent Health Care: Leadership Education in Adolescent Health (LEAH) Program Experiences

Author

Sonja Short, Laura P. Richardson, Carol A. Ford, Tina Simpson, Diane Tanaka, Abigail English, Charles E. Irwin, Sara Sherer, Krishna White, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Renee E. Sieving, S. Jean Emans, Yolanda N. Evans, and Sara M. Buckelew

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Adolescent Health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MEDLINE, Twenty-First Century, United States, Leadership, Psychiatry and Mental health, Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Adolescent health
Published
2021

21. Attitudes, experiences, and safety behaviours of adolescents and young adults who read visit notes: Opportunities to engage patients early in their care

Author

Sigall K. Bell, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Barbara D. Lam, Catherine M. DesRoches, and Zhiyong Dong

Subjects
Gerontology, Reading (process), media_common.quotation_subject, Patient Safety, Young adult, Psychology, humanities, media_common
Abstract

The Cures Act made access to electronic visit notes (‘open notes’) nearly universal across the USA, and efforts to share open notes with patients are underway worldwide. This landmark policy change provides an opportunity to engage adolescents and young adults (AYA) early in their care, yet little is known about their attitudes related to reading notes. We compared the responses of 332 AYA (13-25 years old) and 6,914 adults (>25 years old) in a 2016 survey at two USA academic adult and paediatric hospitals. Over 85% of AYA and adults with available notes reported reading at least one note in the prior year. AYA reported similar benefits from note-reading to adults in 15 outcomes related to engagement, relational effects and safety behaviours, supporting efforts to engage AYA as partners in their care using open notes.

Published
2021

22. Filling a gap in safety metrics: development of a patient-centred framework to identify and categorise patient-reported breakdowns related to the diagnostic process in ambulatory care

Author

Patricia McGaffigan, Elizabeth Lowe, Sigall K. Bell, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Lauge Sokol-Hessner, Joe Dong, Stephen K. Liu, Suz Schrandt, Kendall Harcourt, James D. Ralston, Sue Sheridan, Liz Salmi, Glenda Thomas, Catherine M. DesRoches, Sandy A Novack, Long Ngo, and Eric J. Thomas

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Communication, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Reproducibility of Results, Test (assessment), Benchmarking, Patient safety, Cohen's kappa, Feeling, Ambulatory care, Family medicine, Ambulatory, Ambulatory Care, Humans, Medicine, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, business, Reliability (statistics), media_common
Abstract

BackgroundPatients and families are important contributors to the diagnostic team, but their perspectives are not reflected in current diagnostic measures. Patients/families can identify some breakdowns in the diagnostic process beyond the clinician’s view. We aimed to develop a framework with patients/families to help organisations identify and categorise patient-reported diagnostic process-related breakdowns (PRDBs) to inform organisational learning.MethodA multi-stakeholder advisory group including patients, families, clinicians, and experts in diagnostic error, patient engagement and safety, and user-centred design, co-developed a framework for PRDBs in ambulatory care. We tested the framework using standard qualitative analysis methods with two physicians and one patient coder, analysing 2165 patient-reported ambulatory errors in two large surveys representing 25 425 US respondents. We tested intercoder reliability of breakdown categorisation using the Gwet’s AC1 and Cohen’s kappa statistic. We considered agreement coefficients 0.61–0.8=good agreement and 0.81–1.00=excellent agreement.ResultsThe framework describes 7 patient-reported breakdown categories (with 40 subcategories), 19 patient-identified contributing factors and 11 potential patient-reported impacts. Patients identified breakdowns in each step of the diagnostic process, including missing or inaccurate main concerns and symptoms; missing/outdated test results; and communication breakdowns such as not feeling heard or misalignment between patient and provider about symptoms, events, or their significance. The frequency of PRDBs was 6.4% in one dataset and 6.9% in the other. Intercoder reliability showed good-to-excellent reliability in each dataset: AC1 0.89 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.90) to 0.96 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.97); kappa 0.64 (95% CI 0.62, to 0.66) to 0.85 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.88).ConclusionsThe PRDB framework, developed in partnership with patients/families, can help organisations identify and reliably categorise PRDBs, including some that are invisible to clinicians; guide interventions to engage patients and families as diagnostic partners; and inform whole organisational learning.

Published
2021

24. Tensor relational algebra for distributed machine learning system design

Author

Daniel C. Bourgeois, Jia Zou, Binhang Yuan, Chris Jermaine, Dimitrije Jankov, and Yuxin Tang

Subjects
Current (mathematics), Computer science, business.industry, General Engineering, Systems design, Tensor, Artificial intelligence, Relational algebra, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, business, computer, Abstraction (linguistics)
Abstract

We consider the question: what is the abstraction that should be implemented by the computational engine of a machine learning system? Current machine learning systems typically push whole tensors through a series of compute kernels such as matrix multiplications or activation functions, where each kernel runs on an AI accelerator (ASIC) such as a GPU. This implementation abstraction provides little built-in support for ML systems to scale past a single machine, or for handling large models with matrices or tensors that do not easily fit into the RAM of an ASIC. In this paper, we present an alternative implementation abstraction called the tensor relational algebra (TRA). The TRA is a set-based algebra based on the relational algebra. Expressions in the TRA operate over binary tensor relations, where keys are multi-dimensional arrays and values are tensors. The TRA is easily executed with high efficiency in a parallel or distributed environment, and amenable to automatic optimization. Our empirical study shows that the optimized TRA-based back-end can significantly outperform alternatives for running ML workflows in distributed clusters.

Published
2021

26. Bayesian Function-on-Scalars Regression for High-Dimensional Data

Author

Daniel C. Bourgeois and Daniel R. Kowal

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Clustering high-dimensional data, Statistics::Theory, Bayesian probability, Basis function, Feature selection, behavioral disciplines and activities, 01 natural sciences, Statistics::Machine Learning, 010104 statistics & probability, symbols.namesake, 0502 economics and business, Mathematics::Metric Geometry, Statistics::Methodology, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Applied mathematics, 0101 mathematics, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, 05 social sciences, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Function (mathematics), Regression, Statistics::Computation, symbols, Bayesian framework, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Abstract

We develop a fully Bayesian framework for function-on-scalars regression with many predictors. The functional data response is modeled nonparametrically using unknown basis functions, which produce...

Published
2020

28. Inpatient Telehealth Experience of Patients With Limited English Proficiency: Cross-sectional Survey and Semistructured Interview Study (Preprint)

Author

Lily Payvandi, Chase Parsons, Fabienne C Bourgeois, and Jonathan D Hron

Subjects
education, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

BACKGROUND Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are at a higher risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to use telehealth than English-speaking patients. To date, there is no formal evaluation of inpatient (IP) telehealth user experience of patients and their families by language preference during visits with their clinicians. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the experiences of English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families using IP telehealth, as well as to evaluate the experience of Spanish interpreters providing services through IP telehealth. METHODS We prospectively administered a survey to English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families who used IP telehealth from October 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We performed semistructured phone interviews of hospital-based Spanish interpreters who provided services through IP telehealth. RESULTS A total of 661 surveys were administered, with completion rates of 18% (112/621) in English and 62% (25/40) in Spanish. On a 10-point scale, the overall satisfaction of Spanish speakers (median 10, IQR 10-10) was higher than that of English speakers (median 9, IQR 8-10; P=.001). Both English- and Spanish-speaking patients used IP telehealth for visits with their primary IP care team, subspecialty consultants, and other clinicians. Hospital tablets were used more often than personal devices, and only English-speaking patients used personal laptops. Patients and their families encountered challenges with log-in, team coordination with multiple users, and equipment availability. Interpreters encountered challenges with audio and video quality, communication, safety, and Wi-Fi access. CONCLUSIONS Both English- and Spanish-speaking patients reported high satisfaction using IP telehealth across multiple disciplines despite the workflow challenges identified by interpreters. Significant investment is needed to provide robust infrastructure to support use by all patients, especially the integration of multiple users to provide interpreter services for patients with LEP.

Published
2021

31. Emerging targeted strategies for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Author

Samantha L Kruger, Jacob A. Torres, Jonathan M. Shillingford, Thomas Weimbs, and Bryan C Bourgeois

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Kidney Disease, Renal and urogenital, Tolvaptan, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Reviews, Disease, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, dietary intervention, medicine, Polycystic kidney disease, pharmacological intervention, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, ADPKD, Transplantation, Kidney, polycystic kidney disease, business.industry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, Orphan Drug, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Nephrology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, mTOR, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a widespread genetic disease that leads to renal failure in the majority of patients. The very first pharmacological treatment, tolvaptan, received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2018 after previous approval in Europe and other countries. However, tolvaptan is moderately effective and may negatively impact a patient’s quality of life due to potentially significant side effects. Additional and improved therapies are still urgently needed, and several clinical trials are underway, which are discussed in the companion paper Müller and Benzing (Management of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease—state-of-the-art) Clin Kidney J 2018; 11: i2–i13. Here, we discuss new therapeutic avenues that are currently being investigated at the preclinical stage. We focus on mammalian target of rapamycin and dual kinase inhibitors, compounds that target inflammation and histone deacetylases, RNA-targeted therapeutic strategies, glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors, compounds that affect the metabolism of renal cysts and dietary restriction. We discuss tissue targeting to renal cysts of small molecules via the folate receptor, and of monoclonal antibodies via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. A general problem with potential pharmacological approaches is that the many molecular targets that have been implicated in ADPKD are all widely expressed and carry out important functions in many organs and tissues. Because ADPKD is a slowly progressing, chronic disease, it is likely that any therapy will have to continue over years and decades. Therefore, systemically distributed drugs are likely to lead to potentially prohibitive extra-renal side effects during extended treatment. Tissue targeting to renal cysts of such drugs is one potential way around this problem. The use of dietary, instead of pharmacological, interventions is another.

Published
2018

33. Speaking up about patient-perceived serious visit note errors: Patient and family experiences and recommendations

Author

Barbara D. Lam, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Sigall K. Bell, and Zhiyong J. Dong

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 020205 medical informatics, Health information technology, media_common.quotation_subject, Ambulatory Visit, Health Informatics, Mistake, 02 engineering and technology, Research and Applications, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, Ambulatory care, Patient Portals, Professional-Family Relations, Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Ethnicity, Electronic Health Records, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, media_common, Response rate (survey), Patient Access to Records, Patient portal, Data Accuracy, Family medicine, Patient Participation, Psychology, Attitude to Health
Abstract

Background Open notes invite patients and families to read ambulatory visit notes through the patient portal. Little is known about the extent to which they identify and speak up about perceived errors. Understanding the barriers to speaking up can inform quality improvements. Objective To describe patient and family attitudes, experiences, and barriers related to speaking up about perceived serious note errors. Methods Mixed method analysis of a 2016 electronic survey of patients and families at 2 northeast US academic medical centers. Participants had active patient portal accounts and at least 1 note available in the preceding 12 months. Results 6913 adult patients (response rate 28%) and 3672 pediatric families (response rate 17%) completed the survey. In total, 8724/9392 (93%) agreed that reporting mistakes improves patient safety. Among 8648 participants who read a note, 1434 (17%) perceived ≥1 mistake. 627/1434 (44%) reported the mistake was serious and 342/627 (56%) contacted their provider. Participants who self-identified as Black or African American, Asian, “other,” or “multiple” race(s) (OR 0.50; 95% CI (0.26,0.97)) or those who reported poorer health (OR 0.58; 95% CI (0.37,0.90)) were each less likely to speak up than white or healthier respondents, respectively. The most common barriers to speaking up were not knowing how to report a mistake (61%) and avoiding perception as a “troublemaker” (34%). Qualitative analysis of 476 free-text suggestions revealed practical recommendations and proposed innovations for partnering with patients and families. Conclusions About half of patients and families who perceived a serious mistake in their notes reported it. Identified barriers demonstrate modifiable issues such as establishing clear mechanisms for reporting and more challenging issues such as creating a supportive culture. Respondents offered new ideas for engaging patients and families in improving note accuracy.

Published
2020

34. Rapid Implementation of an Inpatient Telehealth Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Marvin B. Harper, Lee Ann Williams, Chase R. Parsons, Jonathan D. Hron, and Fabienne C. Bourgeois

Subjects
Telemedicine, Quality management, 020205 medical informatics, Computer science, Hospital bed, education, Pneumonia, Viral, Health Informatics, 02 engineering and technology, Telehealth, computer.software_genre, Session (web analytics), Feedback, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Videoconferencing, Health Information Management, Ambulatory care, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, health care economics and organizations, Inpatients, SARS-CoV-2, Health Plan Implementation, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Hospitals, Computer Science Applications, Workflow, Medical emergency, Coronavirus Infections, computer
Abstract

Background Relaxation of laws and regulations around privacy and billing during the COVID-19 pandemic provide expanded opportunities to use telehealth to provide patient care at a distance. Many health systems have transitioned to providing outpatient care via telehealth; however, there is an opportunity to utilize telehealth for inpatients to promote physical distancing. Objective This article evaluates the use of a rapidly implemented, secure inpatient telehealth program. Methods We assembled a multidisciplinary team to rapidly design, implement, and iteratively improve an inpatient telehealth quality improvement initiative using an existing videoconferencing system at our academic medical center. We assigned each hospital bed space a unique meeting link and updated the meeting password for each new patient. Patients and families were encouraged to use their own mobile devices to join meetings when possible. Results Within 7 weeks of go-live, we hosted 1,820 inpatient telehealth sessions (13.3 sessions per 100 bedded days). We logged 104,647 minutes of inpatient telehealth time with a median session duration of 22 minutes (range 1–1,961). There were 5,288 participant devices used with a mean of 3 devices per telehealth session (range 2–22). Clinicians found they were able to build rapport and perform a reasonable physical exam. Conclusion We successfully implemented and scaled a secure inpatient telehealth program using an existing videoconferencing system in less than 1 week. Our implementation provided an intuitive naming convention for providers and capitalized on the broad availability of smartphones and tablets. Initial comments from clinicians suggest the system was useful; however, further work is needed to streamline initial setup for patients and families as well as care coordination to support clinician communication and workflows. Numerous use cases identified suggest a role for inpatient telehealth will remain after the COVID-19 crisis underscoring the importance of lasting regulatory reform.

Published
2020

35. Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Controlled Substance Review Committee on Opioid Prescribing in a Community Health Center

Author

Daniel M. Hartung, Adriane N. Irwin, Holly C Bourgeois, Rachel C Proteau, and Cassandra V Vielma

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Advisory Committees, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Community health center, Interquartile range, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical prescription, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Retrospective Studies, Controlled substance, Controlled Substances, business.industry, Medical record, Chronic pain, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Community Health Centers, medicine.disease, Analgesics, Opioid, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Opioid, Family medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

ObjectiveTo describe recommendations made by an interdisciplinary controlled substance committee and acceptance by primary care providers.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMultisite federally qualified health center using an interdisciplinary committee to provide patient-specific recommendations to prescribers with patients using prescription opioids and other controlled substances.SubjectsPatients prescribed long-term opioids.MethodsWe identified and characterized committee recommendations to prescribers between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. We manually reviewed electronic medical records to determine if recommendations were accepted at eight months. The primary outcome was the overall acceptance rate of recommendations. Secondary outcomes were the acceptance of recommendations to reduce opioid doses and change in opioid dose from baseline.ResultsThe committee made 337 recommendations for 94 patients. Of those, 169 recommendations (50.1%) were accepted within eight months. The most common recommendation was to change opioid prescribing (N = 53, 56.4%), but recommendations varied. For patients with a recommendation to change opioid prescribing, this was accepted in 31 of 53 patients (58.5%). Overall, opioid doses decreased from 60 morphine equivalents per day (interquartile range [IQR] = 27.5–135, range = 5–1,260) at baseline to 40 morphine equivalents per day (IQR = 15–105, range = 0–1,260) at eight months (P ConclusionsAn interdisciplinary committee was well positioned to offer primary care providers with nonopioid options to manage chronic nonmalignant pain and provide support in reducing opioid doses. About half of recommendations were accepted by primary care providers. Future research should focus on strategies to improve the utility of this approach and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Published
2020

36. A summary of tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada, 2003-2013

Author

M McGuire, V Gallant, A-C Bourgeois, and S Ogunnaike-Cooke

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Surveillance, biology, business.industry, Public health, General Medicine, Drug susceptibility, Drug resistance, Laboratory results, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Environmental health, medicine, National trends, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) pose a serious threat to prevention and control efforts. In response to this growing worldwide concern, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) established and maintains the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Surveillance System (CTBLSS) in partnership with the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Technical Network (CTLTN) and participating laboratories. OBJECTIVE: To report on national trends and patterns in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada for the years 2003 to 2013. METHOD: At the beginning of each calendar year, participating laboratories submit to PHAC reports on the results of anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing for all isolates tested during the preceding year. These data are then analyzed by PHAC and the results are validated by supplying laboratories. The results are published annually as the Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada series. RESULTS: In 2013, anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility test results for 1,380 isolates were reported to PHAC. Of these, 762 (54%) were reported as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) where the species was known. Two thirds (68%) of all the reported isolates originated from the three largest provinces, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. Overall, of the laboratory results received, 112 (8.1%) showed resistance to at least one first-line drug and, of these, the majority (93 or 83%) were monoresistant. CONCLUSION: TB drug resistance observed in Canada remains well below the global average. Over the last 10 years, the percentage of isolates with resistance to one or more of the first-line medications has decreased from 10.5% in 2003 to 8.1% in 2013.

Published
2019

38. Factors Increasing Tweet Engagement Rate for the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Twitter Feed

Author

Austin C. Bourgeois, Mikin V. Patel, Arushi Devgan, Vibhor Wadhwa, and Osman Ahmed

Subjects
Medical education, Biomedical Research, medicine.diagnostic_test, Information Dissemination, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Interventional radiology, Radiography, Interventional, Social Networking, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Cross-Sectional Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Social media, Periodicals as Topic, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Social Media, Vascular Surgical Procedures, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2018

39. A patient and family reporting system for perceived ambulatory note mistakes: experience at 3 U.S. healthcare centers

Author

Tracela Vaden, Patricia Folcarelli, Yhenneko J. Taylor, Macda Gerard, Sigall K. Bell, Melanie D. Spencer, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Marion E. Davis, Crystal D. Connor, Andrew McWilliams, and Alan Fossa

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory Visit, Health Informatics, Documentation, Subspecialty, Research and Applications, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Online Systems, Feedback, Patient safety, Health care, medicine, Ambulatory Care, Electronic Health Records, Humans, Family, Child, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Medical record, Communication, United States, Family medicine, Ambulatory, Patient Participation, business
Abstract

Objective The study sought to test a patient and family online reporting system for perceived ambulatory visit note inaccuracies. Materials and Methods We implemented a patient and family electronic reporting system at 3 U.S. healthcare centers: a northeast urban academic adult medical center (AD), a northeast urban academic pediatric medical center (PED), and a southeast nonprofit hospital network (NET). Patients and families reported potential documentation inaccuracies after reading primary care and subspecialty visit notes. Results were characterized using descriptive statistics and coded for clinical relevance. Results We received 1440 patient and family reports (780 AD, 402 PED, and 258 NET), and 27% of the reports identified a potential inaccuracy (25% AD, 35% PED, 28% NET). Among these, patients and families indicated that the potential inaccuracy was important or very important in 58% of reports (55% AD, 55% PED, 71% NET). The most common types of potential inaccuracies included description of symptoms (21%), past medical problems (21%), medications (18%), and important information that was missing (15%). Most patient- and family-reported inaccuracies resulted in a change to care or to the medical record (55% AD, 67% PED, data not available at NET). Discussion About one-quarter of patients and families using an online reporting system identified potential documentation inaccuracies in visit notes and more than half were considered important by patients and clinicians, underscoring the potential role of patients and families as ambulatory safety partners. Conclusions Partnering with patients and families to obtain reports on inaccuracies in visit notes may contribute to safer care. Mechanisms to encourage greater use of patient and family reporting systems are needed.

Published
2019

40. The $0\nu2\beta$-decay CROSS experiment: preliminary results and prospects

Author

The CROSS collaboration, I. C. Bandac, A. S. Barabash, L. Bergé, M. Brière, C. Bourgeois, P. Carniti, M. Chapellier, M. de Combarieu, I. Dafinei, F. A. Danevich, N. Dosme, D. Doullet, L. Dumoulin, F. Ferri, A. Giuliani, C. Gotti, P. Gras, E. Guerard, A. Ianni, H. Khalife, S. I. Konovalov, E. Legay, P. Loaiza, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, C. A. Marrache-Kikuchi, C. Nones, V. Novati, E. Olivieri, C. Oriol, G. Pessina, D. V. Poda, T. Redon, V. I. Tretyak, V. I. Umatov, M. M. Zarytsky, A. S. Zolotarova, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), CROSS, Bandac, I, Barabash, A, Berge, L, Briere, M, Bourgeois, C, Carniti, P, Chapellier, M, de Combarieu, M, Dafinei, I, Danevich, F, Dosme, N, Doullet, D, Dumoulin, L, Ferri, F, Giuliani, A, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Guerard, E, Ianni, A, Khalife, H, Konovalov, S, Legay, E, Loaiza, P, de Marcillac, P, Marnieros, S, Marrache-Kikuchi, C, Nones, C, Novati, V, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Pessina, G, Poda, D, Redon, T, Tretyak, V, Umatov, V, Zarytsky, M, and Zolotarova, A

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, background: induced, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Crystal, Nuclear physics, CUORE, phonon: detector, bolometer, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, lepton number: violation, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, superconductivity, down: mass, Detector, Bolometer, sensitivity, Lepton number, crystal: surface, observatory, MAJORANA, mass: Majorana, radioactivity, lcsh:QC770-798, Neutrino, experimental results
Abstract

International audience; Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a key process in particle physics. Its experimental investigation is the only viable method that can establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos, providing at the same time a sensitive inclusive test of lepton number violation. CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aims at developing and testing a new bolometric technology to be applied to future large-scale experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of the promising nuclei $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te. The limiting factor in large-scale bolometric searches for this rare process is the background induced by surface radioactive contamination, as shown by the results of the CUORE experiment. The basic concept of CROSS consists of rejecting this challenging background component by pulse-shape discrimination, assisted by a proper coating of the faces of the crystal containing the isotope of interest and serving as energy absorber of the bolometric detector. In this paper, we demonstrate that ultra-pure superconductive Al films deposited on the crystal surfaces act successfully as pulse-shape modifiers, both with fast and slow phonon sensors. Rejection factors higher than 99.9% of α surface radioactivity have been demonstrated in a series of prototypes based on crystals of Li$_{2}$MoO$_{4}$ and TeO$_{2}$. We have also shown that point-like energy depositions can be identified up to a distance of ∼ 1 mm from the coated surface. The present program envisions an intermediate experiment to be installed underground in the Canfranc laboratory (Spain) in a CROSS-dedicated facility. This experiment, comprising ∼ 3×10$^{25}$ nuclei of $^{100}$Mo, will be a general test of the CROSS technology as well as a worldwide competitive search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, with sensitivity to the effective Majorana mass down to 70 meV in the most favorable conditions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Published
2019

41. OpenNotes: Toward a Participatory Pediatric Health System

Author

Chethan Sarabu, Natalie M. Pageler, and Fabienne C. Bourgeois

Subjects
Male, Community-Based Participatory Research, Transition to Adult Care, Adolescent, MEDLINE, Collaborative Care, Pediatrics, Health informatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Documentation, 030225 pediatrics, Vanguard, Electronic Health Records, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Physician-Patient Relations, Medical education, business.industry, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Patient portal, Citizen journalism, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Patient Participation, business
Abstract

Pediatricians have long been at the vanguard of innovation in care delivery, most recently leading efforts in participatory care in multiple areas, such as family-centered rounds. In participatory or collaborative care, patients and their families are properly empowered with information and invited to actively engage in their care. The American Academy of Pediatrics embraced this vision in a 2012 policy statement in which it elaborated that for effective participation by patients, parents, and providers, the sharing of complete health information is essential.1 The expansion of patient portals (electronic sources for patients to view their electronic health record data) has enabled the expedient sharing of more information than previously possible. Laboratory test results and diagnostic studies are part of this information, but clinical documentation (a synthesis of the provider’s thoughts and interpretation of all available data) is what completes the story. OpenNotes is an international movement that was founded in 2010 to realize this vision and advocate for patients and families to have easy access to provider documentation. Although many physicians who participated in OpenNotes were initially concerned about taking a longer time to write notes, they largely did not find this to be the reality after participating.2 Through accumulating research, patients report a better understanding of their care, and physicians endorse a stronger relationship with patients without a change in their practice.3 Ever since the passage of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in 1996, patients have had the legal right to their notes but have had to go through cumbersome steps to obtain them; OpenNotes is used to simplify this … Address correspondence to Chethan Sarabu, MD, Department of Clinical Informatics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, 750 Welch Rd, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA 94304. E-mail: csarabu{at}stanfordchildrens.org

Published
2018

43. From development to implementation—A smartphone and email-based discharge follow-up program for pediatric patients after hospital discharge

Author

Jayne Rogers, Kelly Dunn, Vincent W. Chiang, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, and Israel Green Hopkins

Subjects
Male, Patient Transfer, Telemedicine, Knowledge management, 020205 medical informatics, Process (engineering), Pilot Projects, Design thinking, 02 engineering and technology, Electronic mail, Market fragmentation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Brainstorming, Multidisciplinary approach, Patient-Centered Care, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Program Development, Patient transfer, Electronic Mail, business.industry, Health Policy, Health Plan Implementation, Hospitals, Pediatric, medicine.disease, Patient Discharge, Child, Preschool, Female, Smartphone, Medical emergency, business, Boston, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The purpose of this case study was to investigate opportunities to electronically enhance the transitions of care for both patients and providers and to describe the process of development and implementation of such tools. We describe the current challenges and fragmentation of care for pediatric patients and families being discharged from inpatient stays, and review barriers to change in practice. Care transitions vary in the complexity of the clinical and social scenarios and no one-size-fits-all approach works for every patient, provider or hospital system. A substantial challenge that providers who are designing and implementing digital tools for patients surrounds the complexity in building such tools to apply to such broad populations. Our case study provides a framework using a multidisciplinary approach, brainstorming and rapid digital prototyping to build an in-house electronic discharge follow-up platform. In describing this process, we review design and implementation measures that may further support digital tool development in other areas.

Published
2016

44. A Microdosimetric Analysis of Absorbed Dose to Tumor as a Function of Number of Microspheres per Unit Volume in 90Y Radioembolization

Author

Austin C. Bourgeois, Alexander S. Pasciak, and Yong Bradley

Subjects
Materials science, medicine.medical_treatment, Monte Carlo method, computer.software_genre, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Microsphere, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Voxel, medicine, Humans, Yttrium Radioisotopes, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiation treatment planning, Number density, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Liver Neoplasms, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Embolization, Therapeutic, Microspheres, Radiation therapy, Positron emission tomography, Positron-Emission Tomography, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Absorbed dose, Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear medicine, business, Monte Carlo Method, computer, Algorithms
Abstract

Differences in maximum tolerable absorbed dose to normal liver between 90Y radioembolization and external-beam radiation therapy have been explained by citing differences in absorbed-dose heterogeneity at the microscopic level. We investigated microscopic absorbed-dose heterogeneity in radioembolization as a function of the number of microspheres per unit volume in tumor. The goal was to determine what effect the number of microspheres may have, if any, on tumor control in 90Y radioembolization. Methods:90Y PET/CT data were combined with microscopic probability-density functions describing microsphere clustering to provide realistic simulation using Monte Carlo modeling on both a macroscopic and a microscopic level. A complete microdosimetric analysis using 100-μm voxels was performed on the basis of 90Y PET/CT data from 19 tumors treated using radioembolization. Simulations were performed with average tumor microsphere-number densities from 200 to 70,000 spheres/mL. Monte Carlo simulations of each tumor and number density were repeated 20 times to establish SE. A 2-way balanced ANOVA was used to determine whether differences in microsphere-number density affected common tumor-dose metrics. Results: Decreasing the microsphere-number density resulted in a decrease in D70, the minimum dose to 70% of the tumor. The slope of the dose–volume histogram also decreased with decreasing microsphere-number density in all tumors. Compared with a density of 50,000 spheres/mL, decreases in D70 were statistically significant below 20,000 spheres/mL. However, these differences are unlikely to have clinical significance until the density decreases to below 5,000 spheres/mL. Although D70 was decreased at a low microsphere-number density, one can compensate for decreases by an increase in the average tumor-absorbed dose, that is, by increasing the radioembolization treatment dose. Conclusion: Differences in microsphere-number density may have an effect on microscopic tumor absorbed-dose inhomogeneity. These results begin to explain differences in treatment planning strategies between glass and resin radioembolization devices.

Published
2016

45. Improved Accuracy of Minimally Invasive Transpedicular Screw Placement in the Lumbar Spine With 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Image Guidance

Author

William S. Reid, Yong Bradley, Judson R. Gash, Patrick B. Barlow, Alexander S. Pasciak, Austin R. Faulkner, and Austin C. Bourgeois

Subjects
Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Screw placement, Stereotaxic Techniques, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Lumbar, Pedicle Screws, medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Pedicle screw, Image guidance, Aged, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Minimally invasive spine surgery, Middle Aged, Spinal Fusion, Stereotaxic technique, Female, Surgery, Lumbar spine, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business
Abstract

This study compares the accuracy rates of lumbar percutaneous pedicle screw placement (PPSP) using either 2-dimensional (2-D) fluoroscopic guidance or 3-dimensional (3-D) stereotactic navigation in the setting of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). This represents the largest single-operator study of its kind and first comprehensive review of 3-D stereotactic navigation in the setting of MISS.To examine differences in accuracy of lumbar pedicle screw placement using 2-D fluoroscopic navigation and 3-D stereotaxis in the setting of MISS.Surgeons increasingly rely upon advanced image guidance systems to guide minimally invasive PPSP. Three-dimensional stereotactic navigation with intraoperative computed tomography offers well-documented benefit in open surgical approaches. However, the utility of 3-D stereotaxis in the setting of MISS remains incompletely explored by few studies with limited patient numbers.A total of 599 consecutive patients underwent minimally invasive lumbar PPSP aided by 3-D stereotactic navigation. Postoperative imaging and medical records were analyzed for patient demographics, incidence and degree of pedicle breach, and other surgical complications. A total of 2132 screw were reviewed and compared with a meta-analysis created from published data regarding the placement of 4248 fluoroscopically navigated pedicle screws in the setting of MISS.In the 3-D navigation group, a total of 7 pedicle breaches occurred in 6 patients, corresponding to a per-person breach rate of 1.15% (6/518) and a per-screw breach rate of 0.33% (7/2132). Meta-analysis comprised of data from 10 independent studies showed overall breach risk of 13.1% when 2-D fluoroscopic navigation was utilized in MISS. This translates to a 99% decrease in odds of breach in the 3-D navigation technique versus the traditional 2-D-guided technique, with an odds ratio of 0.01, (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.03), P0.001.Three-dimensional stereotactic navigation based upon intraoperative computed tomography imaging offers markedly improved accuracy of percutaneous lumbar pedicle screw placement when used in the setting of MISS.

Published
2015

46. Assessment of: self-management skills towards transition readiness and patient portal use among Hispanic adolescent and young adult patients

Author

Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Alexandra Epee-Bounya, Kitty O’Hare, Sophie Allende-Richter, Melanie Ramirez, and Zana Khoury

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Self-management, business.industry, Original Research Letter, Patient portal, adolescent health, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Schedule (workplace), Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Medical prescription, Young adult, business, Know-how, qualitative research, Qualitative research, Adolescent health
Abstract

We conducted a 15-item self-answered survey to assess self-management skills and explore interest in a patient portal among publicly insured Hispanic youths ages 12–25. Out of 61 participants, 33% did not know how to schedule an appointment, 50% how to refill prescriptions, 58% how to access their personal health information, 84% were unaware of the portal and 92% never used it. Referring to the portal as an online application increased participants interest by 39%. Although study participants exhibit low self-management skills and awareness of a patient portal, most welcome using it to manage their health. Further research is needed to validate whether a patient portal can promote self-management skills towards transition readiness among Hispanic youths.

Published
2020

47. Tuberculosis in the Circumpolar Region, 2006-2012

Author

Chris P. Archibald, Anders Koch, C. Newberry, A-C Bourgeois, T. Zulz, Michael G. Bruce, E. Randell, G. Balancev, Jerker Jonsson, Bolette Søborg, J. Wolfe, H. Soini, R. Bruunde de Neergaard, M. Cooper, J-F Proulx, Trude Margrete Arnesen, Brendan Hanley, Flemming Stenz, Mar'iandyshev Ao, Alan J. Parkinson, and Thomas W. Hennessy

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Population, Antitubercular Agents, Drug resistance, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Age Distribution, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sex Distribution, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Arctic Regions, Public health, Sputum, Circumpolar star, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Retreatment, Russian federation, Female, Public Health, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract

Setting The northern circumpolar jurisdictions Canada (Northwest Territories, Nunavik, Nunavut, Yukon), Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk), Sweden and the United States (Alaska). Objective To describe and compare demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, including drug resistance and treatment completion, of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the northern circumpolar populations. Design Descriptive analysis of all active TB cases reported from 2006 to 2012 for incidence rate (IR), age and sex distribution, sputum smear and diagnostic site characteristics, drug resistance and treatment completion rates. Results The annual IR of TB disease ranged from a low of 4.3 per 100 000 population in Northern Sweden to a high of 199.5/100 000 in Nunavik, QC, Canada. For all jurisdictions, IR was higher for males than for females. Yukon had the highest proportion of new cases compared with retreatment cases (96.6%). Alaska reported the highest percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases (87.4%). Smear-positive pulmonary cases ranged from 25.8% to 65.2%. Multidrug-resistant cases ranged from 0% (Northern Canada) to 46.3% (Arkhangelsk). Treatment outcome data, available up to 2011, demonstrated >80% treatment completion for four of the 10 jurisdictions. Conclusion TB remains a serious public health issue in the circumpolar regions. Surveillance data contribute toward a better understanding and improved control of TB in the north.

Published
2018

48. Tackling Ambulatory Safety Risks Through Patient Engagement: What 10,000 Patients and Families Say About Safety-Related Knowledge, Behaviors, and Attitudes After Reading Visit Notes

Author

Jan Walker, Marvin B. Harper, Sigall K. Bell, Suzanne G. Leveille, Caroline P. Moore, Kenneth Sands, Macda Gerard, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Patricia Folcarelli, Alan Fossa, and Barbara Sarnoff Lee

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 020205 medical informatics, Leadership and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Portals, Reading (process), Surveys and Questionnaires, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Safety behaviors, Medicine, Electronic Health Records, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical diagnosis, Child, media_common, Teamwork, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Patient portal, Test (assessment), Reading, Family medicine, Ambulatory, Patient Participation, business
Abstract

Background Ambulatory safety risks including delayed diagnoses or missed abnormal test results are difficult for clinicians to see, because they often occur in the space between visits. Experts advocate greater patient engagement to improve safety, but strategies are limited. Patient access to clinical notes ("OpenNotes") may help close the safety gap between visits. Methods We surveyed patients and families who logged on to the patient portal and had at least one ambulatory note available in the past 12 months at two academic hospitals during June to September 2016, focusing on patient-reported effects of OpenNotes on safety knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. Results A total of 6913 (28%) of 24,722 patients at an adult hospital and 3672 (17%) of 21,579 participants at the children's hospital submitted surveys. Approximately 75% of patients and parents each reported that reading notes helped them understand the reason for both tests and referrals, and approximately 50% felt that it helped them complete tests and referrals. Roughly 75% of participants were more likely to check and understand test results. Overall, 97% of participants reported that trust in the provider, activation, patient-provider goal alignment, and teamwork were each better or the same after reading 1 note or more. Nonwhite participants and those with high school education or less were 30% to 50% more likely to report that reading notes helped them complete tests compared with white and more educated respondents, respectively. Conclusions Overall, the majority of more than 10,000 patients and parents reported reading notes helped them understand and follow through on tests and referrals. As information transparency spreads, OpenNotes can help activate patients and families, facilitate safety behaviors, and forge stronger partnerships with clinicians.

Published
2018

49. The Importance of Visit Notes on Patient Portals for Engaging Less Educated or Nonwhite Patients: Survey Study

Author

Alan Fossa, Leonor Fernandez, Macda Gerard, Fabienne C. Bourgeois, Hannah Chimowitz, and Sigall K. Bell

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 020205 medical informatics, media_common.quotation_subject, Ambulatory Visit, patient portals, Ethnic group, Health Informatics, 02 engineering and technology, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cronbach's alpha, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Ethnicity, Medicine, Electronic Health Records, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Original Paper, Internet, patient engagement, business.industry, Patient portal, Odds ratio, electronic health record, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeling, Family medicine, Female, business, vulnerable populations
Abstract

Background: OpenNotes, a national initiative to share clinicians’ visit notes with patients, can improve patient engagement, but effects on vulnerable populations are not known very well. Objective: Our aim is to examine the importance of visit notes to nonwhite and less educated patients. Methods: Patients at an urban academic medical center with an active patient portal account and ≥1 available ambulatory visit note over the prior year were surveyed during June 2016 until September 2016. The survey was designed with patients and families and assessed importance of reading notes (scale 0-10) for (1) understanding health conditions, (2) feeling informed about care, (3) understanding the provider’s thought process, (4) remembering the plan of care, and (5) making decisions about care. We compared the proportion of patients reporting 9-10 (extremely important) for each item stratified by education level, race/ethnicity, and self-reported health. Principal component analysis and correlation measures supported a summary score for the 5 items (Cronbach alpha=.93). We examined factors associated with rating notes as extremely important to engage in care using logistic regression. Results: Of 24,722 patients, 6913 (27.96%) completed the survey. The majority (6736/6913, 97.44%) read at least one note. Among note readers, 74.0% (727/982) of patients with ≤high school education, 70.7% (130/184) of black patients, and 69.9% (153/219) of Hispanic/Latino patients reported that notes are extremely important to feel informed about their care. The majority of less educated and nonwhite patients reported notes as extremely important to remember the care plan (62.4%, 613/982 ≤high school education; 62.0%, 114/184 black patients; and 61.6%, 135/219 Hispanic/Latino patients) and to make care decisions (62.3%, 612/982; 59.8%, 110/184; and 58.5%, 128/219, respectively, and P

Published
2018

50. HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2016

Author

Michael Edmunds, O Varsaneux, L Jonah, W Siu, A Awan, and A C Bourgeois

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, 030505 public health, Surveillance, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Public health, Immigration, Population, Ethnic group, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Indigenous, Men who have sex with men, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, education, Demography, media_common
Abstract

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a global public health concern, with 2.1 million people newly infected in 2015. Although many high-income countries have noted decreasing rates of HIV, between 2013 and 2015 Canada's rates had stabilized at 5.8 per 100,000 population. Objective To provide a descriptive overview of reported cases of HIV in Canada up until 2016 by geographic location, sex, age group, exposure category and race/ethnicity, with a focus on the most recent data. Methods The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) monitors HIV through the national HIV/AIDS Surveillance System (HASS), Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program (CPHSP). HASS is a passive, case-based system that collates non-nominal data voluntarily submitted by all Canadian provinces and territories. Data were also received from the IRCC and the CPHSP. Data were collated, tables and figures were prepared, then descriptive statistics were applied by PHAC and validated by each province and territory. Results A total of 2,344 new diagnoses of HIV were reported in 2016 in Canada, with a cumulative total of 84,409 cases since 1985. The national diagnosis rate increased from 5.8 per 100,000 population in 2015 to 6.4 per 100,000 population in 2016. Saskatchewan reported the highest provincial diagnosis rate in 2016 (15.1 per 100,000 population). In 2016, 76.6% of reported HIV cases were among males. Adults aged 30-39 years old accounted for 28.7% of all reported cases. There was a similar age distribution of HIV cases between sexes with notable increases in the proportion of the 50 years and over age group over the past five years. The "men who have sex with men" exposure category continued to represent the largest number and proportion of all reported HIV cases in adults (44.1%). White (40.4%), Black (21.9%) and Indigenous (21.2%) race/ethnicity categories represented the largest proportions of cases. Conclusion In 2016, Canada saw a slight increase in the number and rate of reported HIV cases compared with previous years. Although the diagnostic rate was lower than in all years prior to 2012, it is the highest of the past five years. While a number of possibilities exist to explain this increase, further investigation and additional data are needed in order to determine the cause and significance.

Published
2017

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