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Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations is the entirely new edition of the acclaimed reference series, Houben-Weyl, the standard synthetic chemistry resource since 1909. This new edition is published in English and will comprise of 48 volumes published between the years 2000 and 2008. Science of Synthesis is a quality reference work developed by a highly esteemed editorial board to provide a comprehensive and critical selection of reliable organic and organometallic synthetic methods. Science of Synthesis is designed to be the first point of reference when searching for a synthesis strategy. This volume covers the synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen-, sulfur-, nitrogen-, selenium-, tellurium-, or phosphorus-containing heterocycle fused to one or two benzenoid rings. Volume 10 presents selected procedures for the synthesis of benzoannulated five-membered hetarenes. It covers the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with widely differing stabilities and chemical and physical properties ranging from unstable hetarenes, such as benzo[c]furans, to very stable dibenzohetarenes, such as dibenzothiophene. For full information on the Science of Synthesis series, visit the Science of Synthesis Homepage. Series Editors: D. Bellus, S. V. Ley, R. Noyori, M. Regitz, E. Schaumann, I. Shinkai, E. J. Thomas, B. M. Trost, P. J. Reider.

This discussion of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil focuses on: administrative divisions; diversity and population growth; households, fertility, and mortality; migration; ethnicity, race, and religion; housing; transport; labor and income; and consumption. Currently, the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, or Greater Sao Paula, is considered the 2nd largest urban agglomeration in Latin America after Mexico City. An estimated 9.5 million people live within the 583 square mile area of the central city. Another 5 million people live in 1 of the 36 other municipalities included in the metropolitan area which includes all 37 municipalities. Central city refers to the municipalities of Sao Paulo and Osasco. The city of Sao Paulo refers only to the municipality of Sao Paulo. The metropolitan area contains 3110 square miles in total and is still the smallest of the 11 administrative regions that comprise the State of Sao Paulo. The population, urban infrastructure, and economic activities are unevenly spread among the 37 municipalities. Greater Sao Paulo's population grew an average of 4.5 year during the 1970, down slightly from a peak of 5.9 year in the 1950s. The central city has a current growth rate of 3.7, a year, with the increase concentrated mainly in the southern and eastern districts that are removed from the city center and where land prices are still relatively low. Mortality plays a minor role in the population trends of Sao Paulo. Fertility is now slowly becoming the dominant factors in its natural increase. The average number of children a woman will bear is 3.3 in the metropolitan area and 3 in the city, low compared with the Brazilian national average of 4.2 children. According to a 1978 survey, 60% of the women use some form of birth control. The most common methods are oral contraceptives 27%, and sterilization, 15%. Despite declining fertility, the birthrate of the metropolitan area increased from 26 in 1970 to 30 in 1980 because of the changes in the age structure that are associated with migration. A substantial portion of the Brazilian population cannot afford formal housing. Despite improvements in the urban infrastructure in the past 25 years, 48% of the housing unites in the Greater Sao Paulo area are still considered substandard. 66% of the Sao Paulo population has completed elementary education compared with 47% of the national population. Nearly 38% of the economically active population of Greater Sao Paulo works in manufacturing. The service sector accounts for nearly 54% of employment for the economically active. The per capita income of Greater Sao Paulo is growing more slowly than that of Brazil as a whole, 41% during the 1970s compared with 70%.